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Thanksgiving Praise Allah SWT writer who has bestowed his grace so that we can
finish the paper on Heart.
The purpose of this paper to learn and study the structure, physiological and workings
of the heart.
In preparing this paper, we get a lot of guidance and support from various parties, for
that on this occasion we did not forget to thank our lecturers and all those who have helped in
the writing of this paper.
We realize that in the preparation of this paper is far from perfect, we are looking
forward to the criticisms and suggestions for improvement in the future.
Hopefully, this paper can be useful for the development of science and all those who read it.
writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................
1.2 Problems .......................................................................................................................
1.3 Objectives .....................................................................................................................
PART II: DISCUSSION
2.1 Definition of heart disease ............................................................................................
2.2 Causes of heart disease .................................................................................................
2.3 the types of heart disease ..............................................................................................
2.4 how to prevent heart disease .........................................................................................
2.5 symptoms of heart disease ............................................................................................
2.6 means the treatment of heart disease ............................................................................
PART III: CONCLUSION
3.1 suggestion .....................................................................................................................
3.2 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................
REFERENCES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Heart disease is often considered a disease of the elderly monopoly . First is the
disease primarily affects older people aged 60 years and over , because age is also a risk
factor for heart disease and stroke . However, nowadays it is also suffered by patients under
the age of 40 years . This occurs because of changes in lifestyle , especially in the modern
urban youth .
When the era of globalization lead to information more easily available , developing
countries may soon mimic the habits of the western countries are considered to mirror the
pattern of modern life . Some behaviors such as eating fast food ( fast food ) is high in
saturated fats , smoking , alcohol , overwork , lack of exercise , and stress , has been a human
lifestyle especially in urban areas. Yet all these behaviors may be the causative factors of
heart disease and stroke .
1.2 Problems
The problems are shallow in this paper are :
1 . What is heart disease ?
2 . Causes of heart disease ?
3 . Anything what types of heart disease ?
4 . How do I prevent heart disease ?
5 . Anything what symptoms that occur in people with heart disease ?
6 . How the treatment of heart disease ?
1.3 Objectives
The purpose of this paper is :
1 . To determine heart disease
2 . To find out the causes of heart disease
3 . To determine the types of heart disease
4 . To find out how to prevent heart disease
5 . To know the symptoms of heart disease
6 . To find out how to cure heart disease
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Heart ( Latin cor ) is a hollow , hollow , muscular organ that pumps blood through the
blood vessels by repeated rhythmic contractions . The term cardiac means associated with the
heart , the heart of Greek cardiauntuk . The heart is one organ that plays a role in the
circulatory system .
A. Structure of the anatomy and physiology of the heart
1 . Structures
hollow organs
striated muscular
conical
Located between the two lungs behind the sternum
Size : length 12 cm , width 9 cm , 6 cm thick
Weight 250-300 g
2 . Portion - part of the heart
Atrium
An upper heart chambers , the atria smaller size , serves as a reception room and a point of
venous blood flow .
ventricular
Merupaka lower heart chamber , used as a pumping chamber ( discharging ) and place derah
pushed into the artery .
septum
Nestled amidst the heart , separating the left and right heart and muscle type .
Layer - the layer heart
1 . Endocardial : heart arrives innermost layer , consists of mucous membrane , lining the
surface of the heart cavity and heart valves and continuous with the endothelial lining of
blood vessels .
2 . Myocardium : The core layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle , plays an
important role in blood circulation .
3 . Pericardium : The outermost layer of the heart , there is a fluid produced serous membrane
that serves as a lubricant .
heart valve
Has 4 valves :
1 . The tricuspid valve : located between the right atrium and right ventricle .
2 . Mitral Valve : located between the left ventricle and left atrium .
3 . Aortic valve : located between the left ventricle and the aorta .
4 . Pulmonary Valve : Located anta right ventricle and the pulmonary artery .
3 . Physiology
Cardiac function as blood pumping . The right atrium serves to store and distribute
blood to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve , left atrium receives blood from four
pulmonary veins that contain oxygen -rich blood , receives blood from the left ventricle the
right atrium to the pulmonary artery and then pump the tail pulmonary valve , the right
ventricle memerim blood from the left atrium ( O2 rich ) then pumped through the aortic
valve into the aorta throughout the body .
B. Surface Heart
Approximately the size of a human heart as big as a fist adult male . The heart is a
muscle that is composed of a single layer of endothelium . The heart is located in the thoracic
cavity , behind the breast bone / sternum . The structure of the heart to turn down and slightly
to the left .
Heart is almost completely enveloped by the lungs , but enclosed by a double membrane
called the pericardium , which is attached padadiafragma . The first layer to stick very closely
to the heart , while the outer layer is more loose and watery , to avoid friction between the
organs in the body that occurs due to the constant movement of the heart pumping .
Heart kept in place by the blood vessels which covers an area of uneven heart / flat , as in the
bottom and on the side. Two line splitter ( formed from muscle ) on the outer layer of the
heart showing where the dividing wall between the left and kananserambi ( atria ) and
chamber (ventricle).
C. Internal Structure of Heart
Internally , the heart muscle layers separated by a split into two sections , from top to
bottom , into two pumps . Both of these pumps from birth never connected . It consists of two
parts separated by a wall cavity of the heart . It can be concluded that the heart consists of
four cavities , the left and right atrium and the right ventricle and the left .
Porch wall is much thinner than the walls of the booth for booth must fight the force of
gravity to pump from the ground up , particularly in the aorta , to pump around the body
which has blood vessels . Two pairs of cavities ( chambers and porches simultaneously ) in
their respective parts of the heart are connected by a valve . Antaraserambi valve in the right
and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve or valve leafy three . While the valve is
between the left atrium and left ventricle disebutkatup bicuspid valve leafy or two .
D. How to Work Heart
At the time of pulsing , each heart chamber slack and fill with blood ( called diastole )
. Furthermore, the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the heart ( called systole ) . Both
porches sag and contracting simultaneously , and both chambers also loosens and contracts
simultaneously.
Blood is running out of oxygen and contains a lot of carbon dioxide ( dirty blood ) of the
entire body flows through two veins encouraged ( vena cava ) heading into the right atrium .
After the right atrium filled with blood , he will push blood into the right ventricle .
Blood from the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary
artery, leading to the lungs . Blood will flow through very small vessels ( capillaries ) that
surrounds the air bag in the lungs , absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide which is
subsequently exhaled .
Blood rich in oxygen ( clean blood ) flow in the pulmonary veins to the left atrium into .
Blood circulation in the right part of the heart , the lungs and the left atrium called the
pulmonary circulation .
Blood in the left atrium to the left ventricle will be encouraged , which in turn will pump
clean blood is passed through the aortic valve into the aorta ( the largest artery in the body ) .
This oxygen -rich blood supplied to the entire body, except the lungs .
4 . Pericarditis
This type of heart disease is inflammation of the heart sac or pericardiumsehingga cause
fluid retention and thickening . Inflammation is caused by several things . A common
cause is a viral infection and radiation therapy for breast cancer .
The symptoms of pericarditis are shortness of breath , cough , high blood pressure , and
fatigue due to the work of the heart becomes inefficient . Heart disease can be diagnosed
by MRI or cardiac catheterization .
Taking medication to reduce fluid can help reduce the symptoms of pericarditis but total
healing done by lifting the pericardium .
5 . Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by a layer of fat or cholesterol in the walls of arteries that
clog arteries . As a result of blockage by a layer of fat and cholesterol is the disruption of
the blood supply to and from the heart .
When blood is blocked due to the fat layer is called a heart attack . Layers of fat and
cholesterol in the walls of arteries caused by cigarette addiction , hypertension , and high
cholesterol .
If a person experience symptoms such as pain in the center of the chest that radiates to the
left arm and even to the back of the neck , sweating , and nausea mean the person may
suffer from coronary heart disease .
For this type of coronary heart disease can be treated with herbs that have been clinically
tested and tested by scientists and doctors usefulness . Noni Juice coupled with a healthy
diet change would restore normal cardiac function .
There are many heart diseases are not described here . However, the most common heart
diseases above . Be aware of the symptoms and always consult your doctor if any of the
above diseases heart attack you .
2.4 How to prevent heart disease
1 . Avoid foods that contain cholesterol ( LDL), high
Or LDL cholesterol is known as a major cause of atherosclerosis , which is the process of
hardening of the walls of blood vessels , especially in the heart , brain , kidneys , and
eyes . As a result of this process , blood vessels , especially the coronary arteries , a narrow
and block blood flow in it . As a result , the heart can be hard to pump blood . These
circumstances may increase the risk of heart disease .
2 . Eating high-fiber foods ( vegetables and fruits )
Fiber is known to have an important role in maintaining health . Fibers consist of two
types , namely soluble and insoluble fiber . Insoluble fiber can not be digested by digestive
enzymes , but soluble in hot water . Soluble fiber is what makes the stomach full longer
and provide energy longer and beneficial in lowering cholesterol levels in the blood .
Generally , there are the fruits and vegetables and also in oats ( oatmeal ) . Soluble fiber
that can bind cholesterol in the body and removing it from the body . The role that is
capable of lowering cholesterol levels in the blood to lower the risk of heart disease .
3 . Avoid stress
Dutch researchers have published in the journal Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
showed that high levels of the hormone cortisol due to stress is closely related to death
from cardiovascular disease . Stress can lead to arterial plaque that narrows and is buried
decrease blood flow to 27 percent . Significant narrowing of the arteries visible even in
mild disease . Other research suggests that severe stress can lead to rupture of the artery
walls containing plaques and trigger a heart attack .
4 . Avoid alcohol
Alcohol can raise blood pressure , weakened heart muscle , thicken the blood and cause
arterial spasms that can lead to heart attacks .
5 . Quit Smoking
Smoking increases blood pressure and put toxic chemicals into the body , such as nicotine
and carbon monoxide , into the bloodstream . These chemical substances , will further
damage the arteries that are important to the life of the heart .
6 . Control of blood pressure
High blood pressure causes the heart muscle enlargement of the left so that the heart risk is
malfunctioning .
7 . Exercising regularly
Regular exercise ( at least three times a week ) also lowers levels of bad cholesterol
( LDL ) , keeping blood pressure does not rise , and preventing overweight
section felt shoulder, back elbow , and neck . The most painful point is because the side of
the body takes place due to clogged arteries .
8 . Irregular heartbeat If you experience irregular heartbeat , is worth to watch out because it
can cause fatal . irregular heartbeats usually last because there is thickening of the muscle
of the heart valves . This resulted in a narrowing of the subject took place on the valve to
cause a leak .
9 . Shortness of breath characteristic feature of other Heart Disease Shortness of breath is due
to thickening of the blood vessels that block the blood supply to the entire body . This also
causes the irregular heartbeat , liver disorders or infections , thickening of the heart muscle
, and abnormalities of the heart valves .
10 .Swelling Swelling takes place when fluid builds up in the body . usually takes place at the
ankleand abdomen . This sign is a signal that the central heart of the natural defects and
abnormalities of the heart valves .
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Heart disease occurs due to weakening of the heart muscle and the auto-because of the gap
between the right atrium and left the porch, because of incomplete formation of a separate
layer between the second platform when the patient is still in the womb.
3.2 Advice
Once we know what it's heart, how it works and function of the heart then we should have to
keep and use as possible because the heart is a vital organ in the human body. The way such
as avoiding smoking and alcohol, less fast food because of the fat content is much higher,