Thermodynamics Supreme

1) Does heat create work or work create heat?

2) What temperature should your waterbed be?
3) Can energy be destroyed?
4) On a hot summer day, a student turns his fan on when he
leaves his room in the morning. When he returns in the
evening, will the room be warmer or cooler than the
neighboring rooms?

Why?

Assume all the doors and

windows are kept closed.

5) A rigid tank contains a hot fluid that is cooled while being
stirred by a paddle wheel. Initially, the internal energy of
the fluid id 800 J. During the cooling process, the fluid
loses 500 J of heat, and the paddle does 100 J of work on
the fluid. Determine the final internal energy of the fluid.
Neglect the energy stored in the paddle wheel. (ANS: 400
J)
6) The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 30%. The engine
absorbs 800 J of heat per cycle form a hot reservoir at 500
K. Determine the heat expelled per cycle. (ANS: 560 J)
7) A gasoline engine absorbs 2500 J of heat energy and
performs 500 J of mechanical work in each cycle.
a) Determine the heat coming in from the hot
reservoir. (AND: 3000 J)
b) Determine the efficiency of the engine.

(AND:

16%)
8) A piston-cylinder device contains a liquid-vapor mixture of
water at 300 K. During a constant pressure process, 750 J
of heat is transferred to the water. As a result, part of the
liquid in the cylinder vaporizes. Determine the entropy
change of the water during this process. (AND: 2.5 J/K)
9) The entropy of a hot baked potato decreases as it cools. Is
this a violation of the increase of entropy principle?
Explain.

10) A gas balloon absorbs 75 J of heat. The balloon expands

but stays at the same temperature. How much work did the
balloon do in expanding?
11) Sally is cooking pasta in a pot of boiling water. Will the
pasta cook faster if the water is boiling vigorously or if it is
boiling gently? Explain.
12) What are the units of entropy?
13) Why is there always some waste heat in a heat engine?
14) A 1500 kg automobile traveling at 30 m/s is brought to rest
by impacting a shock absorber composed of a piston with
mall holes that moves in a cylinder containing water. How
much heat must be removed from the water to return to its
original temperature? (ANS 675000 J)
15) The first law of thermodynamics requires the following:

Q W .

Explain what this means in words.

16) A system undergoes a cycle consisting of the three

processes listed in the table. Compute the missing values.
All quantities are in J.
Process
Q
W
U
12
a
100
100
23
b
50
c
31
100
d
200
(ANS: a = 200 J, b = 50 J, c = 100 J, d = 300 J)
17) When a gas is heated in a close container, the internal
pressure increases. What happens to the kinetic energy of
the gas molecules as a result of the pressure increase?
18) The pressure of a gas inside a closed, rigid container will
increase when the gas temperature increases. Give a reason
for the increase in pressure in the gas.