1

critExr
rbs'

buNcn-mu"l

bFanBuTiksmaKmmCmNlsaFarNrdExr
tMNagras mNldUneBj
bFanKN:kmkarvbFm nigFmkar nsPaCati
payecjBI
eKhdanelx 75 v^f Ehm ecov
-P~MeBj-

Bs 2517

eVHBumelIkTI 1

rkasiTi

Ks 1973

Garmkfa
enHCas~adTI 2 rbs'xMbnab'BIerOg KukneyaVy(R) . KMnitnkarniBnerOgKukneya-

Vy y"agNaenaH Gs'elakG~kswgVnCabsBKb'ehIy enAk~gesovePAenaH.

critExr s~adfenH k*manKMnitBuMxusqaybu"nan GMBIKukneyaVyEdr. xMmanbMNgFM

cg'[exmrCn

mansartIPak'rlwkPWfa[kan'Etcas'eLIg

beyaCn_rYm, yl'cMeNaTksagCati Tan'eBlevla.

yl'bJasgmCati,

yl'pl

critExr sab'eTAdUcCaG~kniBnmanKMnitriHKn' bnHbgab'EtExrK~ag bu"EntamkarBit

KWniyay[eXIjnUvTid^manH

erIseGIgrbs'ExrmYyEp~k

EdlbNal[ekItplGakk'dl'

sgmnigbk. eyIgtvEtby&t~nigGb'rMkuM[manTid^rebobenaHeTot. eJlmYyEbbeTot KWfa

eqIHykKngGakk'mklattdagedmI[eyIgsb'exIm ehIyecosvagBIKngenaH rYcbkan'
yknUvKngNaEdllbesIrmkv^j. niyay[xIeTAKWfa critExr CarUbmn smab'bgaj

KuNv^btiEdlbNaleLIgedaymnusmYyCBUk EdlKanlkN:citCamnusesaH. KWBYk

TSgenaHgehIy
exacpaenaH.

EdlnS[bkBYknigsgmCatiGs'famBl

ehIydl'nUvPaBhinehac

xMKanbMNgesaH k~gkarriHKn' Gs'elakvrCnbuBbursCatiExr EdlelakVnbMeBj

ehIynUvBlikmedmICati

xHdl'eTAhanlHbg'Cv^tenaH.

cMeJHGs'elakTSgenaH

xMVn

eKarBnamnigskmPaBrbs'elakCabktI ehIyEtgykCabTeronsmab'Cv^teTotpg.
xMsuMriHKn'

cMeJHEtBYkmnusNaEdlmanxndUcCast

KantmKti

Kanv^carN-

JaNesaHenaHEtbu"eNaH, ehIyedayKit karriHKn'enaHgtvEtsresrTuk tvEtniyay[

dg eJHxnxMVnsegtpal' BmTSgVneFIskmPaBCamYypg dUcCaGMeBIrbs'BYksr:Ca

edm EdleFI[xMxUccitGs'mYyCv^t bnab'BIVnemIleXIjskmPaBBpnBYkenaHk~gKa

EdlxMrs'enACamYy.

dUec~HehIy xMVTsUmGP&yeTasCamunGMBIsMNak'Gs'mitG~kGan EkgelamanJk

tg'NaBuMsmrm b"HJl'dl'rUbnamGs'elak sUmGs'elakemtaxnIGP&yeTas BIeJHkar

BiBNnaenAk~genH manPaBTUeTAeBk.
bMNgrbs'xM

KWcg'Et[manKMnitriHKn'sabnaekIteLIg

lkN_GkredmICYyrMlwkK~a[yl'

nUvmaKalGakk'Kb'y"ag

payCaesovePACalay

mincUlcitniyayEcb"Eb

lblak'bUjmat'bt'dud G~kenHGuIecH G~kenaHGIucuHesaHeLIy. xMVnKiteXIjdl'cas'@brm

(R) elakG~kcg'GanerOg KukneyaVy

enH sUmemtacUleTA

amekhmer.free.fr

rYccuctg'

Khmerbooks

3
buraNrbs'eyIg

EdlelakmanKMnitbEdbedAkUnecA[Vnsal'esckIsuxcMerInk~gCv^t

m~ak'@ rhUtdl'sgmCati edayelakBayamcgkgJkTUnanCaecIn ekIteTACabTsika

GkrsasExrsBfenH dUcCacab'ekrkal, Jkcas', Caedm. eyIgcas'sm&yenH yl'

ehtuply"agNak~gdeNIrCv^t EdleyIgVnluyqgkat'mkehIy KYrEtnSdeNIrenaHmkd-

Nalpg

[ekgskrekayK~adg

K~abugsartIecosvagGMeBIGakk'Camun

kuM[tamKng

cas'. enATIbJb' xMsUmbkasebCaCaLarikfa: KMnitxM suMekItCaExr rs'CaExr sab'CaExr

xMsUmbUCaCv^tcMeJHEtbuKlNaEdlesaHnwgCatiExr,

xMsMuebCacitfaBuMBmbMerIbuKlNa

EdlKancitesaHtg'nwgCati, bkan'Gataniym bkBYkniym pac'karniym nigmanKMnitjH

jg'bMEbkbMVk'samKICati edmIBYkkumtttaenaHesaHeLIy.

bkarmYyeTot tamCenOBHBuTsasna zansYK zanBHniJn manEmnsMrab'buKl

G~ksagkuslVrmIGs'GEggkbkl manBHBuTCaedm CaTIEdlKYrCHfa Vf~aeTAekIt

Nas' bu"EnxMBuMmansMNUmsmVf~afanwgeTAekItTIenaHesaH eTaHbIbmafa xMmankuslfanwg

VneTAekItTIenaHdUcVf~akI.

drabNa

beTsExrenAEtmanlMVkevTnaEhlk~gfkQam

EdlekItmkGMBIkarkab'cak'K~adUcsBf xMsab'eTA sUmkuslplbuNbJnxM[mkekItCa

ExrenHeTotelITwkdenH Gs'kbklGEggCati kuM[xMXatxat'Jt'veggeTAekItTINaepg

eLIy edmICYyCatiExr CYybeTsExr CalMdab'CatierograbdrabeTA! enHCascvaTrbs'xM!
- sUm[beTsExr sitenAEtCarbs'ExrCanic!

- sUmBiPBelak manyutiFmcMeJHmnusCatiTUeTA!

- sUmbCaBlelak VncMerInk~gpvsniPaB!

eFIenAP~MeBjfTI 28 emsa 2517/1973

buNcn-mu"l

esckIepm
eyIgTSgGs'K~a

EdlmaneQaHfaCaG~ktsU

ehIyEdleTIbEtrYcecjmkGMBIKuk

cvak' k*VnmkenACYbCuK~aenAnwgP~MeBjenH. Cb"unEdlCaG~kbtmnUvneyaVy eyIgk*enAEt

CYuypl'nUvKMnitdl'kumbd^vtn_eyIgdEdl. Cbu"nBuMTan'caj'kmSgkumsmnmitenAeLIyeT f

titEtkugP~MeBjtvrgKab'Ebkrbs'kgT&Bsmnmit (kalBIfTI 5 kum: 1945) k*eday.

minEtbu"eNaH enAfTI 9 mIna 1945 Cbu"n EfmTSgVneLamB&Tcab'VrSgenAP~MeBjTSgGs'

eTotpg.

elak sWg g"ukfaj' Edlrt'eTAkan'beTsCbu"n tSgBIVrSgcab'elakGacar Ehm

ecov enaH k*VntvCbu"nCYy[mkv^j enAExsPa1945. BIratITI 8 eTATI 9 ExsIha 1945

yuvCnExr nigTahan k*eFIbd^vtn_rMlMrdaPiVlelak Gwug GIu EdlenAekamGaNaBaVl

VrSg rYcenAfTI 14 ExsIha q~SdEdl elak sWg gu"kfaj' k*tvVncat'tSgCanaykrdaPi

VleLIg.

k~gsanPaBenH eyIgral'K~aCaG~kneyaVy ehIyEdlmanCbu"nCYybtmenaH KYr

Nas'EtVnsbayePItePInk~gcit bu"EnpuyeTAv^j eyIgBuMVnnwkKitdUec~aHeLIy eyIgral'

K~anwkeXIjfa kmSgBYksmnmitbEhlCanwgbEnmeLIg edmIpllMnwgeyIgenHeTAv^jVn

enAfNamYy eJHeKkMBugerobcMsMebImNas' edmIbnc'GanuPaBCbu"n faeKtvkarttta

Ncindac'mux.

kalebIKiteXIjdUec~aH

eyIgral'K~ak*KitrkpvCaescfa

nwgeKc[putBIkNab'd

VrSg ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"nv^jenaH eyIgtvecj[puteTAekA edmIriHrkmeFaVyrMedaHsuk

teTAeTot.

fmYyCYbCuMK~a k*BieKaHBmeBogK~afa ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"n eyIgtvecjeTAsukesom

nigsukyYn.

dUcEdleyIgVnpgByenaHEmn fTI 16 tula 1945 BYkVrSgk*lgcab'elak

nayk sWg gu"kfaj' eTA ehIyBmTSgrkcab'CnCadeCgeTot (manBYkeyIgG~ktsUenHg).

dUcEdlVnJgTuk BYkG~ktsUEckbMEbkK~aecjCaBIrkum. mYykummanelak V"c

QWn, elak ecA EsnkuslQuM (kaleNaHCaecAhayextkMBg'cam), elaksI sWg gu"k

faj' namedm LS FIGuk nigCnCaecIneTot VneTAenAVsak' (kmCaekam). cMENkxM

5
buNcn-mu"l xMmanmam~ak'eQaH bu"k KuN ehA tLac enAextVt'dbg EdlkaleNaH
esomtttaCarbs'esom. BMbTl'Exr-esomkaleNaHenAtg'saydUnEkv.

teTAmux Gs'elakG~knwgVnCabGMBIdeNIrrbs'xMpal'eTAkan'extVt'dbg nigGMBI

kMeNItExrsr:BmTSgskmPaBGIxHnkumenaH. skmPaBBYkenaH eXIjfapyBIeKal

bMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati,

pyBIKMnitrbs'eyIgEdlCaG~kbegtBYkenaH.

skmPaBBYkenaH KWCaKuNv^btima"gEdlpl'[xMkMhkcity"agFMdrabsBf.
g.

ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxMniyayriHKn'GI@ xMcUlcitfa enHehIycritExr ral'dgdUec~H

v&ycas'bu"eNHehIy xMsUmcgdGnuCnCnan'ekaynUvs~adenH edmICabTBicarNa

riHrkplbeyaCn_CUnbgbnrYmCatik~gsaFarNrdExrteTAeTotpg

eXareXA kab'smab'K~agedayBpenaHteTAeTot.

edayecosvagnUvGMeBI

sUm[manyutiFmk~gsgm edmIvDnPaBnigsuPmglrbs'saFarNrdExr.
P~MeBjfTI 20 kum: 1973

buNcn-mu"l

karePosxnrbs'xM
enAfTI 16 tula 1945 evlaem"ag 11 knHf BYksmnmitVnmkbeLamcab'

elaknayk sWg gu"kfaj' enAv^manrdaPiVlykeTA. VndNwgenHPam xMCaG~kmanxnsab'

k*tvEtePoscensxnecjeTAekAdUcVnJgTuk. xMCnuMnwgKsareXIjfatvePoseTAenA

nwgmatLacrbs'xMVt'dbg EdlkaleNaH extVt'dbgesomenAtttaCarbs'esom.

karEdleFIdeNIr KWtvBgagpvkuM[eKtamcab'Vn. KWfamintvecjeTAtampvxageCgP~M-

eBjtg'eTAEtmgeT eJHBYkb"UlIsnigKijVrSgetobtaenApvenH cScab'BYkG~kePosxn

ecjeTAesom. xMtvbEggpv eTAxagTenFMkMBg'cam rYcswmbkmkEBkkamv^j vagBYkKij

enAmMKILelx 6 P~MeBjpg nigbMVt'danpg. ma"geTot karecjdeNIrtamdgTenFMenH xMk*

nwgGacVnCYbnwgmitPkiG~kbd^vtn_ecInK~aeTot enAtamdgTenFM xMnwgVnCmabmitTSgenaH

[CabBIBwtikarN_f@ rYcnwglaeKeTAekAsukpg. KsarxMVnBmeBogtamenH eday

Nat'K~aeTotfa xMeTAdl'TenbiT[sMNak'enAnwgpHbgbusxMeQaH buNcn-fat' eFIkarenA

hagsSgEslTenbiT eKenAP~MeBjeNH nwgykLanmYyecjeTAkMBg'cam cSTTYlxM

EdlmkBITenbiT nSykmkEBkkamv^j rYcswmbndeNIreTAVt'dbg.

VnNat'K~aescVc'dUec~aHehIy lacenaHxMykmasBIrduCarbs'pal'xn mUrnwgcegH

exaTuksMrab'dUrcayenAsukeKeBlNaKanVk' rYcykkSePIgxItUcmYyesotcegH rYceLIg

7
kg'bNSg (course)

(1)

rbs'xMbjab'bjal'eTAkan'cMkarcarGMeBA xMBYnenATIenaHeTA. sUm

Crabfa mayBukxMmancMkarFMmYyenAcarGMeBAenH. xMsMrakenATIenaHmYyyb' BwkeLIgm~Im~a

Fak'kg'tampvP~MeBjBnKr kat'valsvEBkgeTAdl'sukKKIr eTIbcuHBIpvCati kat'eTA

eCg rYcqgTUkeTAeLIgetIylam. mkdl'etIyenH xMeLIgkg'eFIdeNIrtammat'Ten eqaH

eTAkan'EBkhg. dl'EBkhgem"ag 13 Cag xMk*Qb'sMrakrkGaharTTYlTan. bnab'mkxM
k*eTArkpHmitm~ak'eQaHxan'

mitxan'bjab'bjal'sYrxMGMBIBwtikarN_enAP~MeBj

Edlfa

VrSgcab'elak sWg-gu"kfaj'. KiteTAmitxan' CamnustamdanerOgsukeTsxSgNas'Edr

KYrsresIr. xMeqIyVb'hUrEheTAv^jfa: BitEmnehIy, elak sWg-g"ukfaj' tvVrSgcab'

ehIy, ehIyG~keTotCabkBYkk*tvVrSgrkcab'Edr, xMenHk*tvePosxn edmIrkpvtsU

eTAmuxeTot xMtveTAkan'Vt'dbg EttvbEggmktampvenH rYceTAsMNak'enAnwgTenbiT eTIb

bkmkEBkkamv^j. mitxan'yl'erOgKat'gk'kal rYcXat'xMfa: LvbngeTAtamkV"l'

vijeTAsYlCag eJHC^Hkg'tampveKakBiVkNas', yb'enHsMrakenApHxMehIy, BwkEsk

em"ag 6 knHswmcuHkV"l'! xMk*yl'Bm. yb'enaHxMsMNak'enAnwgpHmitxan'edaysuxsl.

(2)

BlwmeLIgmitxan'CUnxMmkkan'EpkV"l' rg'cSkV"l'eLIg

. kV"l'mkdl' mitxan'Vn[Br

xMy"agecInsuM[eTAenAsukeKVnsuxsbay edmIeFIkarrMedaHbeTsCatiteTAeTot. xMelIk

dTTYlBrmitxan'edayesaH
kV"l'ecjBIEp
eXIj.

rYck*elIkkg'dak'elIsa

XatqaymkeTIbxMGgycuH

lamitxan'cuHkV"l'TSgGal&y.

EtxMenAEtsmwgmitxan'Tal'EtqayemIlElg

kV"l'dutsEm"t rlak'xntic@ dUceKGgn emIleTAekayEKmrlkxayrt'eTA

ekay, yUr@ mg va[sIuepcUlEpBHbsb' rkaekag EBkeJFi_, JmCkg .l. rYcem"ag

bmaNCa 13 eTIbVnmkdl'TenbiT. xMelIkkg'cuHBIkV"l' rYcrUtrHbjab'eLIgeKak xMC^H

kg'eTArkpHbg

buNcn-fat'

rbs'xM.

xMniyayrayrab'Vb'bgxMtamdeNIrerOg.

bg

buNcn-fat' k*TTYl[xMs~ak'enAedaybugby&t~. xMs~ak'enAnwgpHbgxMVnmYyyb' Bwk

eLIg

k*tvbgenHCUndeNIrqgmkkugkMBg'cam

edmICYbnwgbgbnEdlNat'K~aBIP~MeBj.

eBlmkdl'kugkMBg'cam xMk*VnCYbnwgbgbnBmTSgky@ xMCaecInnak'EdlmkBIP~MeBj

KWbn b"ugga" (sI), bn lU (bus) ky CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-bsiT EdlykrfynsIut

eGn 15 esHrbs'bgsIxMenAP~MeBjmkTTYlxMtamNat'. xMykkg'eTATuknwgkitLan. xMnig

G~kTSgGs'K~alabg buNcn-fat' eLIgLanbt'kalmkTisxaglicv^j. enAk~gLan TSg

Gs'K~aniyayVb'xMfa: lacmijBYkksYgsmat' 3-4 nak' VneTArkxMenApHmuxvt Na

(1)-

kg'EdlxMebIVs'k~geBlenaH

xMrkaTukrhUtsBfCaGnusavrIy_[kUnxMVneXIjekri_dMENlBuktsUk~g

sm&yenaH.
(2)- JkebIsMrab'deNIrtamTenemKg kV"l'eLIg KWkV"l'EdlebIkeLIgBIP~MeBjeTAkMBg'cam kecH, kV"l'cuH KW
kV"l'EdlebIkcuHBIenaHeTAP~MeBjv^j. niyaytamdeNIrTwkhUr EdlhUrBIkecHeTAkMBg'camcuHeTAP~MeBj.

8
elam EtbgbnxMeqIyfa minVneXIjxMmkpHeT enaHBYkenaHk*tLb'eTAv^jeTA. xMnwkeXIj

faEmn BYkVrSgtamrUbxMEmn ebIminVneKcmkeT bEhlCaxMmaneKaHFM

Cab'eTaseTAekaH

tLacy"agNa@ eTotBuMxan. xMnwkeXIjeTot JkG~kes~h_s~iTVrSgEdlfa [EtVrSg

Q~HCbu"nnwgGalVb'VrSg[cab'BYkxM BYkGacar Ehm ecov dak'KukCafeTot. JkenHeK

VneJleBlEdlxMrt'rYcBIekaHtLacmkenAP~MeBjv^jenaH. {! ExreGIy ebIrvl'EtykKab'

KYrnwgCatieK ehIysuxcitsmab'ExrK~agy"agh~wg etInwg[sukeTsedreTAmuxem"cnwgrYc?

enAeBlEdlrfynC^tnwgdl'EBkkam xM[rfynQb'dak'xMcuH [G~kTSgGs'K~aqg

saLageTAcuH ehIy[ebIkeTAcSenAPUmimYyC^tkMBg'hg xMnwgqgeTACYbtg'TIenaH. eyIgtv

vagtg'kMBg'cmgEBkkamenH titxacmanKijb"UlIsEqkeqreTot. Nat'K~adUec~aHesc bg

bnxMk*ebIkLaneTAqgsaLag

xMk*C^Hkg'xMtampvmat'Tentg'eTAeCg.

luHTnwmnwgPUmimYy

EdlVnNat'enaH xMk*Qb' rYck*rkTUkeKqg. Cakusll manTUkmYyeKTTYlcmgeTA xMVn

dl'etIydUcVf~a ehIyQrcSrfynbgbnxM. ekaymkrfynmkdl'xMk*VneLIgC^HteTA

eTot. KiteTAdMeNIrePosxnenH kkickkucNas'.

rfynVneFIdeNIreTAmuxqayKanQb'Qr

eTAdl'exteJFisat'.

sUmCmabfa

kaleNaHextVt'dbg, tvesomtttaCarbs'esom ehIymanBMbTl'nwgExr tg'say

dUnEkv. rfynVnnSxMdl'salasuktJMgCg, hYsBIsalasuktJMgCgbEhl 7

KILEm"t dl'kEngsat'k*Qb'. TSgGs'K~acuHBIrfyn xMk*ebIkKMrbkitLanykeTackyanxM

ecjmk. Ca{kasEdlxMtvEbkBIbgbnkyCaTIsLaj'ehIy. xMtveFIdMeNIreTAEtm~ak'
gk~geBlenHehIy. xMk*niyaylabnbusbnsInigkyxMfa sUmbn@ nigky@ emIlEfTS

Ksarpg eJHxMeTAenHBuMmankMNt'fafNanwgVnv^lmkCYbCuKsarv^jeT, kartsUmanEt

sab'ehIynigrs'CaKUK~a. CaBiessxMVnpSkyxM CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-bsiT [xMeron

EmnETnedmICYyExrteTApg. ky@ TSgenHk*fa xMnwgeKarBtamJkmaBmTSgeFItamKng

matrMlg. ehIybn@ nigky@ xMk*[BrxMsUmeTA[Vnsuxsbay eFIkarbMerICatiVn

eCaKC&yteTAGnaKt. xMTTYlBrenHedayjjwm Etk~gciteJreBjedayekomkMseNaH.

xMnigKsarenAniyayK~aEtJkdEdl pSepInig[BrK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. TMrSEtdac'citEbkBIK~a
eyIgcMNayeBlGs' 20 naTI. xMeLIgC^Hkg'ecjeTA Fak'Vn 4-10 Chan gakemIleTAbg

bneXIjeKQremIlmkxM xMFak'teTAeTot ehIygakemIleTAeTotelIkdeLIgla eKelIktb

mkv^j. karEbkK~aenHKYrkt'sMKal'Nas' eJHxMeTAkan'sukesomenH mingayVntLb'

mkCan'dExrv^jeT EtmkBIxMkat'citlHbg'KsarKb'ya"g edmItsUksagCati eTIbtvEt

XateTAenH. enHCaelIkdbUgnCv^txMEdlePosxneTAkan'breTs.

xMFak'kg'VnbEhl 2 em"ag k*eTAdl'pvbt'cUlvtsaydUnEkv xMcUleTAkan'vt

saydUnEkvehIysMedAeTArkTUkqgeTAkan'etIymag. k~gkarqgTUkenH manGnusavrIy_mYy

EdlxMBuMePc KWxMkMBugEtC^HTUkqg VnsMdBIk~gpHmYyenAC^tmagdIesomniyayeLIg: eyI,

reTHkg'enaHlNas'evy! xMnwkP&yb"pk Gy"a kumecaresomTl'EdnehIyetI! xMsabkS-

9
ePIgEdlenAnwgcegHBggsartIeLIgv^j!

xMemIlkg'xM

nigemIleTAmuxG~kGuMTUk

EtG~kGuMTUk

niyayfa: minGIeT, ehIyecHEtGuMeTAeFIBegIy luHtaEtdl'etIy. bnab'BI[esahuydl'

TUkdrYcehIy xMeLIgkg'tamf~l'EdleqaHeTAVt'dbgEtmg. tamf~l'xMC^HenAxageqgd eJH

sukesomebIkbrxageqg. enAevlaem"ag 18 edaykmSgxMrbs'xM xMVneTAdl'sukemag

sI. xMeTArkparemagedmIrktam~ak'eQaH taTwg Edlsal'nwgGalsuMs~ak'. elaktaTwg

CaCagmasm~ak'enAparsIuEjkBIedm EteBlEdlmanclaclKat'k*mkenAsukemag. xMsYr

eKhUrEheTAk*Vnsal'CYbnwgtaTwgdUcbMNg. taTwgrak'Tak'TTYlxM [xMsMNak'enAmYyyb'

edaysuvtiPaB. luHBwkeLIgxMVnlataTwg bndeNIrtameTackyanxMeqaHeTAkan'extVt'd

bg edmIsuMs~ak'enAnwgma bu"k-KuN ehA tLac. enAem"ag 11 ftg' xMk*VneTAdl'pHmaxM

dUcbMNg.

pHmaxMsitenAcugsanEdkEp~kxagekIt

pHenHCarbs'mayekkKat'eQaH

m"m-

rma"y. maxMVnTTYlxMedayrak'Tak'CaTIbMput ehIysYrxMfa: etImanCYbnwgelak V"n-yin

nigky buNcn-FYn eT? xMeqIyfa minVnCYbeT. eTIbmaxMEbrCaVb'xMfa: elak V"n-yin

elakeTAEttwmeJFi_sat'eT elakBuMhancUleTAP~MeBjeT xaceKcab' elaktvtLb'cUl

eTAVgkkv^j eJHelakmankUnbusm~ak'eQaH V"n-ekm"g' eFIkarCanaykk~gkumhun Guk

sIuEhn enAkugVgkk CaTIBwgGas&yEdr. ky buNcn-FYn GaccUleTAsukExrv^jVn

titGagelIcMNat'kar

EdlebI[twmEtCaG~kbkEbPasaCUnelak

V"n-yin

bu"eNaH.

ehIymaxMsresIrxMfavagvEmn ecHedaHxnrYcmkdl'kEngenHVn. Kat'niyaynwgxMfaminGIeT

eyIgtvbegtkumExrG~ktsUmYykumeLIg

eFIkarrMedaHsukBIkjSVrSg.

Nas' edaymaxMmanKMnitsbnwgxMtSgBIdbUgddUec~H.

xMsbaycit

10

karbegtExrsr:
xMVnmks~ak'enAnwgmaxM bu"k-KuN ehAtatLac ehIyVnpayKMnitGMJvnavsuM[

G~ks&KcitcUlrYbrYmpgk~gkarbegtkumExrtsUmYykum [eQaHfa Exrsr:. Jkfa

sr: enHCaPasaVlIEdl[n&yfa FM, minkJHeK, CaG~kCa dUec~H Exrsr:

KWkumExrEdlCamas'elIxng KanenAekamGMNacG~kNa, CaExrmankraC, manesrIPaB

mansiTiKb'Kan'CaExr.

enATIenaHminCayUr

k*VnTYlmitPkinigGs'elakCaecInrUb

EdlmanKMnittsUEdr

ehIyEdleTIbEtePosecjBIP~MeBjmk Vns&KcitmkrYbrYmnwgxMBmTSgmaxM. xMsUmrMlwk

namrbs'Gs'elakTSgenaHxHEdlxMVncS KWeQaH ;
Ehm sag

fan say

sarU

hU

Ehm savat
mIu pUr

Tg' cnrgI
eQog

cn- etaets

rs yWn

Guk san
xan'

BuM

ePaK nI

nigmanGs'elakecIneTot EdlxMePcnamBuMVnrab'k~gTIenH (sUmGP&yeTas).

11
maxMVnCYlpHeKmYyenAmMvtsEg CUnkumTSgGs'enA BmTSgVncMNayVk'ciJwm

VyTwkrhUtmk.

citnigsmar:.

ehIymaxMVneTAVgkkKitKUrnwgrdaPiVlf

mYyExekaymk

karTak'TgenaH[pleLIg

sUm[eKCYyeyIgTSgpv

KWrdaPiVlfVnGnuJat[ebIkkEng

mYyenAXuMGng'v^lcmaybmaN 5 Km BIkugVt'dbg. eyIgk*manlTPaBnwgbegt Exr

sr: enAq~S 1946. mundbUgeXIjrYbrYmK~alNas' bmUlG~ks&KciteTotCaG~ksuk

[mkhat'eronVnbEhl 100 nak'. VnbEhl 2-3 Exekaymk Vnbegt[mankum

esIubkarN_karJrkumsr: titeBlenaHraCkarVrSg-Exr VnbugcUlkan'kab'extVt'd-

bgv^jehIy. raCkarVrSg-Exrcat'[esIubkarN_rksr: dUec~HeyIgtvbegtkumesIubt

Tl'eTAv^j. karbegtenHehIy EdlnS[lk'kkrKemagkarN_xH BIeJHkumesIubenH xH

manerOgpal'xnnwgG~kdT k*tSgbgac'bgceK nSkarN_enaHmkCrab CaehtunS[G~keFIkar

xagelIsemckarGIKanbsiTPaBeLIy. karTUlBitbgac'tkUl cgleTasK~aenaHmanCa

bktI dUcy"agemkumxHEdlcat'[eTAbgat'bgkBlTahans&KcitenaHCaedm. embgat'

nimYy@ bgat'minVnyUreT ecHEtmanerOgxusKb'y"ag xHkUnTahanmineBjciteJHtiteFI

tamv^n&yeBk, xHdUec~H xHdUec~aH EtJkriHKn'ninaxwbexvK~aCaerOy@. m"ageTot Tahan

ExrEdlrt'mkBIP~MeBjTSgbu"nan suTswgEtBYkkumhhUTahanCbu"n. rebobhat'nTahan

Cbu"nCnan'enaHKWBwkem"ag 5 hat'rt' 3-4 Km y"agtic rYcehIyhat'lutkabrebobyuT

sasCagmYyem"ageTIbQb' nSK~aeTATTYlTanbbreBlBwk. eFIy"agenHVnbmaN 15f

20f k*eTACaerOgEdr edaysarnayTahanrgecHEtrGUrTSfa hat'rebobenHminVnyUreT rt'

lUnral'BwkKanVnbeyaCn_eT nSEtxateBl ehIyKankSePIgmYyedmpg manEtkSePIg

eQImindgCanwgcSgnwgnrNaekIteT! JkTSgenH emkummintwmEtniyayCamYyemkumK~a

geT

KWEfmTSgeJlenAeBlEdlkUnTahankMBughat'Gs'kmSgEfmeTot

TahaneCOtamGs'TwkcittsUeTAv^j.

CaehtunS[kUn

enHgCa crit rbs'ExrEdlKanKitmuxekayGIesaH ecHEteJlpc@ [EtrYcBI

mat'edaysarEtht'enOybnicbncenaH mindgfaBMenalenaHnS[xUckmSgsamKIGIeT.

m"ageTotsm&yenaH raCkarfeKebIkGMNac[bmUlkUnTahanedaysmat' mincg'

[xrxay, eyIgminVnrkakarsmat'enaHesaH ecHEtbeJj[eKgdg. crit eyIgKW

dUec~Hg CnuMK~asuTEtfakarsmat' KannrNadgeT luHdl'eBlecjBICnuMmkv^j k*sab'Et

karsmat'enaHdgeLIgenAekAkarbCuEtmg.
cMENkraCkarfv^j

luHdgfaraCkarVrSg-ExrmuxCaTajykExtVt'dbgeTAv^j

enaH k*tSgcab'epmpl'GavuF[Exrsr:enH. CadbUgraCkaresom[mkkumExrsr: man

kSePIgyn<mITIeyI>bYnedm nigkSePIg<mUsWtug>bEhl 25 edm ehIymankSePIgxI 2-4

edmEfmeTot.

12
ehtuGIVnCaesomsuxcitpl'GavuF[Exrsr:

enAeBlEdlExtVt'dbgnwgtv

VnmkExrv^jenaH? tg'enHCaerOgmYyEdleyIgtvKit! KWmkBIeKcg'ebIExr[Ebrmux mint

Tl'cMeJHEtVrSgeT KW[tTl'nwgExrK~agenaHEfmeTot. bu"EneyIgBuMVneqatlg' dl'eTA

ykGavuFmksmab'ExrK~ageT bu"EneyIgtvEtTTYlyk, ykmkbemIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIg

KWQmmuxTl'nwgBYkVrSgEtmYybkbu"eNaH.
cMENkkUnTahanExrsr:

kalebIVnGavuFxH

k*ekItcemIncitKitcg'cSgnwgT&B

VrSgPam@ eTaHbIhat'eronv^CayuTsasminsUvsat'sajk*eday. mYyf@ xMTTYlBYkG~k

mksuMecjcSgenaHy"agFuj xMEtgXat'eKfa kuMGalsin cS[eyIgmanGavuFecInbgrsin

ehIycShat'[sat'CagenHbniceTotsin.

cMENkmaxM bu"k-KuN ehA tatLac enaHv^j k*eLIgcuHkugVgkkjwkjab' raCkar

xagesomeXIjgeTAegac@ eBk k*[kSePIghasibedmmkeTot.

suM[G~kGanyl'fa esombugEt[eT BIeJHeKtvkar[ExrcSgnwgExr bu"Eneday

eKtvlak'KMniteKenaHpg

eKtvkar[kumsr:eyIgdgKuNeKpg

dUec~HeKtvEttwgEtg

dUec~Hg. [mkFUreBk dUcCacg'[eBk. enHCaKMnitesom! ehIysm&yenaH (1946) mkdl'

sm&yenH (EdlExreyIgkMBugTwkcUlcmuH) etIeXIjesommanpl'GI[eyIgsMrab'rs'eT?

GMBIeQaH dab-QYn
kalBIedm dab-QYn enH CanaykumnTahanrbs'raCkarExr-VrSg EdlcSgnwg

esom. kaleNaHraCkaresomecHebIneyaVylYgelameXasnafa [EtemTahanrg nig

naykumNaxagExrrt'eTAcUlnwgesom esomnwgtemIgski[FMelIsBIenAExreTAeTot.eQaH
dab-QYn kalebIVnsab'eXasnaenH edaycg'Vnskiysxs'CagenH k*tSgdSkalrt'

eTAcUlnwgTahanesomEtmg. xagTahanesomTTYlrak'Tak' ehIysnanwg dab-QYn fa

minGIeT nwgbMJk'ski[FMCagenACamYyTahanExr KW[VnJk'ski 1 . dab-QYn manGMNr

Nas' nwksgwmehIyrg'cSTTYlzan:enaH rhUtcb'sgamExr-feTA. fekaymk raCkar

esomebI dab-QYn [mkrkaPUmimYytg'mMsayeckEdlkaleNaHCaTl'EdnExr-esom.

dab-QYn rg'cSskiEdlesombMJk'enaHGs'kald*yUr KaneXIjnayTahanesomNamk

CYbniyayBIerOgskiysGIesaH eTIbPak'xnfa: { Gjcaj'eVkesomeTetI! bu"En dab-QYn

KanpvnwgeKcecjeTANarYceT rt'cUlmkxagraCkarExrv^j tveKVj'ecal, em"aHehIysux
citxMTSbemIesomteTA, EtBayamfatvEtrt'fNamYy.
niyayBIxagT&BExrsr:eyIgeNHv^j

kMBugEtekorKrrkK~a[VnecIn

luHesIub

dwgfa dab-QYn eNaHmanesckItUccitnwgesomkMBugEtrkckecjBIT&Besom k*cat'K~a[

eTATak'Tgnwg dab-QYn [ dab-QYn cUlmkrYbrYmnwgExrsr:v^jmg. dab-QYn man

13
GMNrNas' eJHenACamYyesomenaH dab-QYn manesckIGt'XanlMVkevTnaCaTIbMput

ehIyk~gcitk*QWcab'ral'fpg luHdl'mktveyIgehA[mkrYbrYmdUec~H dab-QYn k*dUcCa

(1)

VnrbUtBIex~aHX~ag. Kat'k*nSbBnKat'nigkUnbusmYy

ePosecjBIsayeck Kat'mkrk

kumeyIgenAGng'v^lEtmg.

xMminBenIseT edayKat'tvkar[xMsegaHxSgeBk Kat'lUnsMBHxMGMBIcmay eJH

Kat'dgfa KWxMenHehIyCaemekaym~ak'rbs'kumsr: Kat'mkC^tk*niyayGgredayelIkd

bNmCab'fa:

sUmelakmas'emtaGnuJat[xMVTVnmkenACkekan

bMerIbkBYkelak

mas'pg! xMVTsUmsnafa nwgbMerIbkelakmas'edayesckIesaHtg'CaTIbMput, [xMVT

sfCUnelakmas'k*sfEdr xMVTminkt'elakmas'eT!

JkenH dab-QYn dak'xnTabeBkNas' EdlxMmincg'JkenHpgeT. xMbjab'[

Kat'egbeLIgQr[tg'xnFmta xMniyayfa: sUmelak kuMTukxMCamnusFMxs'GI sUmelak

TukCamitm~ak'eTAcuH, elakmkenH xMGreBkehIy eJHeyIgnwgVnrYmK~aeFIkartsUteTAeTot!

fakaresaHtg'enaH xMrwtEtGrNas' eJHkumeyIgtvkarnUvcitEbbenH! eyIgGt'Xanman

ky"agNadUcemc dUc@ K~a! elakfyeTAenAnwgK~IK~axMcuH!
dab-QYn bnn'xnsMBHxMswgVk'x~gfyeTAv^j.

bu"EnGnaKt dab-QYn VneFIy"agNacMeJHxMv^jenaH Gs'elaknwgVneXIj Vn

CabenAeBlekay. KWGMeBIrbs'Kat'enaHehIy EdlxMcgcSGs'mYyCv^t ehIyEdlEtgfr

rhwuHfa : enHehIycritExr.

(1)- kUnbusenaH sBfenAbeTsNa .

14

GMeBIBpnBYksr:
xMtvEtniyayedayBitnUvkarEdlxnxMVneXIjVndg k~gKaEdlxMsitenACamYy

BYksr: EdlxMpgepmbegt ehIyEbrCatsNab'F~ab' Kanreboberobry eJHEtBYkenaH

cg'FM BgkGanuPaBvaykMBs'esIesctaj'm~ak'@. edayBiteTA BYkenH edaycg'temIgxn

xSgeBk

KWtvEtePcsIlFmmnusFmGs'BIxn

QamK~aedayBpeTAv^j.

EbrCasLaj'karkab'smab'sIusac'hut

BIrbIerOgteTAenHKWCaTahrN_cas' bgajnUvPaBBpnigGmnusFmnBYkenH

karsmab'KijVrSgm~ak'eQaH bun can'

karesuIbrkKijVrSg Vncat'eLIg. cMNat'enHVnhuclTplxHEdr nS[KijVrSg

xacrGaCaxSg. KijVrSgEdltvcab'Vn bnab'BIVnvayeFITaruNkmehIy EtgykeTA

Vj'ecalsmab'edaydbg.

k~gbNaKijVrSgEdlBYksr:cab'VnehIyykmksmab'enaH xMVnsegteXIj

KijVrSgm~ak'CatiExreQaH bun can' mansartIrwgttk'stnwgesckIsab'esaH. eKcab'

PstagVn sal'xnvafaCaKijcas'ehIyeKykmkvaysYrcemIy vaenAEteqyfaBuMdg fa

BuMEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs' vaeqIyenaHEbbBegy. eKKMramsYrfa: geqIy[tg'mk ebIenA

15
rwgbEkkeToteyIgnwgVj'smab'! vaenAeqIyEbbBegyfa: smab' @ eTA! xMmindgGITSg
Gs', xMminEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs'! bu"EnebIGs'elaksal'cas'faKijVrSg enAk~gkNab'

delakehIy elaksmab'eTA! EtluHeKykeTA[QrenAC^treNA ehIy[vaPavnaFm eTIb

vadUcCaPak'xn nwkP&ybnicniyayfa: xMKandgGITSgGs'! yIem"cykxMmksmab'? KWfavaman

citkahanmansartIrwgNas' Tal'EteXIjreNAsMrab'kb'vaEtmgeTIbvaP&y. eBlenaHBYk

(1)

sr:CaeBCXatdbg

sMBgPUs@ kJwgk G~keTasvadYlcuHbkac'dac'xl' eTIbcan

Tmak'eTAk~greNA.

karsmab'eQaH bun can' enH CaGMeBIkacsahavmFmeT BIeJHeBCXatbjab'

bMVt'Cv^tG~keTas[puteTAPam@ minevTnaEP~keBk. enAmankarsmab'G~keTasEbbepgBI

enH

EdlemIleTAKYr[evTnarkJkniyayminVn

ehIyEdlnS[xMminsbayEtgEtedr

ecj eBlNaBYkem@ eTotcat'[eFIEbbenaHEdleK[eQaHfa karsmab'EbbsEgeBn.

sUmCabfa xMKWemsr:Emn EtVnbMEbknaTIxagKij xagcab'cg xagsYrcemIy nig

smab'enHeTA[eKepg

eKmannaTIKb'Kan'

xM

cMeJHerOgenHKWKan'CaTIbwkaeKbu"eNaH.

dUec~aH eTIbxMBMuGacGarkat'erOgNamYy[eKyl'BmtamVneLIy.

karsmab'EbbsEgeBn
xMsUmCmabfa: karsmab'EbbsEgeBn Cakarsmab'mYyevTnaEP~kNas' G~kEdl

tveKsmab'enaH b"ptb"pk'CaTIbMputmunnwgsab'. KWmundbUg BYksr:ykmnusEdlCaKij

carbursenaHmkvaydcMFak'Gs'cit rYccgsabesknSykeTA[GgylutCgg'Tl'muxreNA

Edlsmab'kb'exacG~keTasenaH. BYksr:nSK~avatvg'[FMCuv^jG~keTasenaH. PamenaH

eBCXatm~ak'kan'davssac sHcUlmkkNalvg' tSgrSErkBt'EBn beJjTwkmuxkeLb

kLab'CaGakarkacsahav, rSVnbnick*sHeTAC^tG~keTasEdlGgylutCgg'enaH rYck*yk

daveTAGark G~keTasenaHbnic, GarminxSgeTlmEtecjQam rYck{nykmat'eTACJk'bWt

QamenAkenaH ykmkBsmuxdavlan' Ept@! dUceKBsTwkmat'sa emIleTAsemIm

Nas'. G~keTasenaHmuxexAEb" eFIEP~kPwH@ ragkayj&rrnt'edayQWcab'nigedayPitP&y

sayCv^t. eBCXatVnGarkbWtQamykmkesaHeJH rSErkGs'kac'eTIbcak'kG~keTas

Cabegy, K~adYleTA k*canTmak'eTAk~greNA

eBleFIBiFIenHmg@ xMmincg'ecjeTAemIleT BIeJHlMVkemIlNas' ehIyxMCTas'

min[eFIBiFIBpenHCaecInelIk EtBYkem@ eToteKminBm eKfatvEteFIdUec~H edmIpaj'

palstv. xMminyl'esaH eJHfaK~atvsab'eTAehIy, sab'Kg'Etsab'eT, em"cminsmab'

(1)- dbgeFIBIeQIKjgbEvgCag 1 Em"tbu"nkdmnuscas' kaleNaHeKsMcKab'kSePIg.

16
EtmgeTA?

tg'enaHehIyxMVnkt'sMKal'fa critBYkExrsr:enaHBpNas' stFatuminesI

eT!! ehIyeJHEtcritBYkeKEbbenHehIy eTIbxMdUcCarsaydeCgmg@ swgEtfyxnecjBI

kumenHeTAv^jpg.

ekAGMBIGMeBIBpenH KMnitBYksr:em@ xH bkbedayGKti, GyutiFm Kankar

BicarNaEvgqayesaH smab'mnussttg'KanbNI. xMsUmelIkykerOgmYymkCmab:

GMBIkarsmab'Cagkat'sk'm~ak'
fmYykumsr:VnTTYlBIG~kesIubkarN_mk nUvbursm~ak'GayubmaNCasamsibq~S mux

mat'satVt rksIueFICagkat'sk'enACab'nwgrbgpHVMgVrSg enAkNalkugVt'dbg. tam

kMNt'ehturbs'G~kesIubkarN_[dgfa

CagenHgCaKijrbs'VrSgEtgEtlbqgeTA[kar

N_VrSgenApHXSgFnaKar (Banque) rbs'VrSgEdlmanVrSgenAenaH. kumxMEdlCaG~kkan'

karxagelI k*cat'[eKsaksYrbursenaHtamdeNIr. enAk~gBsat'mYy BYkG~kddl'b-

EhlCaVMnak' EdlmankSePIgnigdbgk*cab'epmvayG~kenaHg nwgsaykSePIgnigdbgmYy

PUsm~ak' ehIysYrfa:
-

gCaKijVrSgEmneT?

bursenaHQWcab'j&rTeTIkeqIyrh&sfa:
-

VTeT xMVTBuMEmnCaKijeTTan!

eKcab'vayG~kenaHehIysYreTot:
-

gqgeTAeLIgpHVrSgenaHecIndgehIyEmneT?

VTTan xMVTsUmCmabtamtg' xMVTFab'eTApHenaHecIndgEmn bu"EnxMVTKan

dgGIeT!
-

niyay[tg'mk geTACYbVrSgbu"nannak'? Vb'vafaem"cxH? ebIgniyaysar

PaB GjnwgTukCv^t[ ebImindUec~aHeT GjnwgVj'gsmab'Lv!

eJldUec~aH G~keBCXadeyIgtSgTajkSePIgbJlKab'lan'kak@ cglcugmat'

EteTArkbursenaHEdlmanTwkmuxeLIgsay manGakar:jab'j&rdUckUnst. bursenaHelIk

dsMBH.
-

VTelakmas', sUmelakmas'TukCv^txM! xMVTsuMCmabtamtg', xMVTqgrbg

eTApHenaHral'yb'enaH KWxMVTeTAelgeboCamYynwgmitPki EdlykkEngenaHCa
kEngelg, xMVTKanVnykkarN_eTA[VrSgeT xMVTsUmsfCUn!

17
eJlminTan'cb'pg

eBCXateyIgk*vayG~kenaHmYysaykSePIgmSug!

ykdekabfasdYledknwgdfrrhuws

Lb' rYcKMhksYreTot:

EskGUy!

eBCXatenHk*sHeTAFak'bemoleTAeTotbIbYnt

GagenArwgdl'NaeTot? em"cminniyay[tg'? GagnSkarN_eTAVb'VrSgfa

em"cxH?

bursenaHmanQamrwm@ ecjBImat'nigfas xMtdrekakGgyelIkdsMBHeTAeBC-

XatBmTSgtdrniyay:

xMVTsfCUn xMVTBitCaKandgGIesaH xMVTCaCagkat'sk'rksIukat'sk'ral'

f xMVTKanTak'TgGInwgVrSgesaHeLIyTaneVs sUmemtakuMeFIVbxMVTGI!

kayv^karnigTwkmuxG~keTasenH eFI[xMEdlCaG~kcSkat'esckICamYynwgem@ 6 nak'

eTotenaH sanyl'faK~aenaHCamnussucriteT BuMEmnCaKijVrSgeT. tamxM xMcg'EtXat'BYk

GaeBCXatfa[Qb'sYreToteTA bu"EnxMBuMTan'hanXat'eT xacem@ eToteKBuMsbnwgxM.

cemIyGgrrbs'G~keTasenaH BMuVneFI[eBCXatTTYlTn'tameLIy. eKk*tSgTat'

eJHG~keTasenaHmYyPwby"agFn' K~acukrmYlykdekabeJH dYlnenoleTAeTot. karenHKYr

EtQb'mYynaTI bu"EneBCXateyIgrwtEtbeJjPaBsahavxSgeLIg eKsHmkTat'eTot G~k

eTasremoltLb'pab'par eTAmagm~ak' m~ak'Tat'bJneTAm~ak'eTot bursenHremolcuHeLIg rYc

eBCXatm~ak'enaHTat'bemolmk[xM G~keTasremolmkC^teCgxM ral'K~adUcCacg'[xMeFIdUc

eKEdr

bu"EnetI[xMyareCgTat'Fak'mnusEdldUcCaBiraBikarenHekItEdr?

yl'fa

eKenHCamnuslpg

etI[xMpl'TaruNkmeXareXAdUec~HekItEdr?

ehIyxMkMBugEt
minekItesaH

ehIyxMQrenAesm smwgeTAmnusEdlenAEkreCgenaHtecjsI. mnusenaHgEdldUc

Casnb'mYyvgehIydgxneLIgv^jenaH

nwgmuxxMenH

k*dUcCaveggTisGs'

K~atdregbkaleLIgykdct'dbegbxnbnic

edaykmSgexayfa:
-

Vn{kasEdleKmineFIGIenA

ehIysMBHxM

niyayxav@

BHetCKuN GaNitCYyxMVTpg, xMVTKandgerOgGITSgGs' xMVTKaneFIKij

VrSgesaH sMukuMsmab'xMGI!

xMenAEtesm Kanbtikm G~keTask*niyayeTotfa:

-

BHetCKuN ebIBHetCKuNsmab'xMVT k*dUcCasmab'mnusBIrnak'eTotEdr KW

xMVTmanmaycas'm~ak' nigbnsImYyEdltvxMrksIuciJwmral'f. ebIGt'BIxMenaH

G~kTSgBIrk*nwgevTnaehIy sUmelakmas'GaNitCv^tstpgTan!

xMsab'sMdenH k*ekItBicarNaGaNit EtxMBuMtbfaGIeT xMedrecjBIvg'enaHmkGgyenA

mYykEng nrNaeFIGIG~keTasenaHeFIcuH. EtBYkem@ nigBYkXatkrk*Gt'maneFIGIEdr eKedrmk

rkxMTSgGs'K~a k~gTMngcg'BieKaH. emm~ak'sYrxMfa:

-

GaKijenHvaFab'sal'bgmu"lg? vaCaKsarbgg? VnCabggminBmeFI

Vbva?

18
-

vaminFab'sal'xMeT vaminEmnCasac'jatixMeT bu"EnvaCaExrm~ak' EdlBYkeyIgrab'

faCasac'QameyIgEdr!

GaeBCXatniyaykat'xMeLIg:
-

vaCaExrEmn EtExrEqVrSg vaeFIKijVrSg vaCamnuskt'!

xMtbeTAv^j edaysemgsal:
-

KanPstagNaKb'Kan'faK~aenaHCaKijeT! ebIrkPstageXIjKb'Kan'enaH kuM

faeLIyEtbursenaH TSgK~aeyIgenHk*eday [Ethankt' xMhaneFITaruNkmy"ag

xSgelIsenHeTAeTot.

emm~ak'sYrkat'eLIg:
-

GuIcuHkMNt'ehtuG~kesIubkarN_ EdleK[mkenaH TukCaGIeTAv^j?

enaHminEmnCaPstagKb'Kan'eT xMminykCaVnkarTSgGs'eT tvesIubsYr[

dl'kEngeTAeTot!
-

eFIdUcbgmu"lg yWtkarN_Nas'.

GIucwgehIy eJHeyIgtvrkayutiFmpg!

xMtbdUec~H ehIyegbedrecj. emm~ak'sYrxMbJak'edayminsbaycit:

-

GIucwgbgmu"lgyl'faGaenaHCamnusl?
xMminfaeT EtxMfatvGegtteTAeTot!

ebIGIucwg tambgmu"lg bgmu"lgminsmab'GaenHeT?

h~wgehIytamxM xMmin[smab'mnusenHeT!

cMENkBYkeyIg BYkeyIgsemcfatvEtsmab'!

eFIGIeFIeTA xMmindgeT!

lecIn, VnesckIfabggminsbaycitnwgBYkeyIgeFIGMeBIenHeT!

emenaHbgg'bnic gakeTArkK~IK~a rYcniyaycas'@ fa:

-

eGILvenH kneyIgQb'eFIVbG~keTasenaHeToteTA elIkva[eTAsukv^jeTA!

eJHrkPstagKan!

rYceKjak'EP~kdak'eBCXat EdlmankSePIg Remington KaenaH bursenaHeKfa[rYc

eTas k*xMegbedreTteTatcUlmkk~g TMngsuMGrKuN EtG~kmankSePIgniyayfa:

-

eTA, ecjeTA eK[rYcxnehIy edr[tg'eTA kuMgakekay!

K~axMedrTSgChanTm@ ecjBIenaHVnbEhlCa 10 Em"t sab'Et pSg!! GUy! G~k

enaHdYlswub edayKab'<rWmIgtug>eTATmHsaEbkQamrEhg. TMngCayl'fa eKVj'[xn

ecj[qab'@ k*mindg G~kenaHxMtdrEskKlYcfa: VnehIyTan, VnehIykuMEfmeTot!

ehIytdregbeLIgeTot bu"En pSg!! mYyKab'eTotKwbeTAeTotegbElgrYc edaytvtg'

kaldNMNas'.

bursenaHsat'mat'twmeNaH

BYkeBCXatVneTAemIlehIyEskfa:

EdlxMnwkfaK~adac'xl'eTAehIy.

bu"En

19
-

yI! GaenHFaykalbu"NwgehIy enArs'eToth~!

eKnSK~aGUsG~keTasenaHmkv^j! GsarNas' G~keTasenaHFaysaFaykal Et

enAminTan'sab' enAEtxMebIkEP~k ehIydjjIjj&rsMBHmkG~kral'K~a. eKral'K~adUcCaFmta

bu"EnxMm~ak'KWb"HTg^ck~gcity"agxSg. xMemIlmuxxnVNbursenaH EdlkaldNb'labln

edayQamkhmBBuH. degmpk@ xMdUcCaPan'PSgtSgsartIbnic eJHnwkfaminKYrBYkxMenH

smab'mnusenHedayBpdUec~HesaH. ehIyehtukarN_EdleFI[xMexaccitrkJkniyay

BuMVnenaH KWJksmIcugekayrbs'mnusenaH EdlniyayTSgdkcgaman'mkkan'BYkxMfa:

-

elakmas' ebIelakmas'Gs'GaNit Gs'ykGgrxMVTehIy k*snt'Cakm

plrbs'xMVTcuH, bu"EnxMVTsuMpSelakmas'bnicfa suMelakmas'emtaykdNwg

xMsab'enHeTA[mayxMVTdgpg

ehIysuMelakmas'CYylk'eKOgkat'sk'

nig

GIva"n'tictYcenApHxMVTenaHykVk'eTA[mayxMVTpg rYcfasuM[Kat'eTAsuMsIl

enAvt, TSgbnsIxMenaHk*suM[nageTAsuIQ~lCYlB&TeKciJwmmaypg! suMelak

emtaCYyxMVTbu"eNaHcuH!
Can'dBIelIdUcCaexacEq.

pSrYck*dac'xl'lm

xMKvkalhYscit.

rbs'bursenaHCab'nwgtecok.

eTIbeKGUsexacykeTAkb'eday

xMenAEtsmsemgfrGgrkr

ekaymkBuMGs'cit xMk*Vnes~Iem@ xH[cat'esIuberOgburskat'sk'enHCaf ehIy[

G~kesIubenHCamnusVkdbCapg.

mYysVh_ekaymk

sab'EtVnrVykarN_BIG~k

esIubfenHfa burskat'sk'EdlBYksr:smab'enaH KWCamnussucritsttg'eT K~aBuMEmn

CaKijrbs'VrSgeT. edmehtumkBImanExrsr:K~ageTAsLaj'bnsIkmuMrbs'K~a K~ak*

karJrbnsIK~aeLIg. geFIGIBuMVn k*rkerOgecaTbkan'K~afaCaKijVrSgeTA. KiteTAerOgenH

mUlehtumkBIerOgpal'xnTSgsug ykmnusm~ak'KaneTasesaH mkeFITaruNkmy"agyg'
X~g ehIysmab'K~ay"agBp.
GMeBIenHnS[xMsb'bMput

ehIyEtgEtrMkBYkem@

CashkarIenaHfa

sUm[K~aeyIg

ecosvagrbbGyutiFmEbbenHxHeTA, BYkeKEtgtbfa eNIy! KannrNaeTABicarNaTan'eT

tvEt[vasab'xHGIucwgeTAcuH! xMniyayfa ebIGIucwgvaminxusnwgKMniteyIgEdlCaG~ksLaj'

yutiFmeTAehIy? ebIGuIcwgeyIgcg'rMedaHsukeTseFIGI ebIeyIgecHkan'GyutiFmtSgBILvenH

eTAehIyenaH? BYkTSgenaHxwgxMy"agxSgtniyaysI. enHgCacritExrsr:Cnan'enaH cUl

citkan'pac'karkab'smab'KanBicarNa. xMmg@ swgEtTSBuMVncg'EtbkasrMlaybkenH

ecj. bu"En ecHEtxMTSbgbbgmteTAeTot k~geKalbMNgdEdl cg'ksagsukeTs[

VnkraC.

Ebbh~wgeT.

ma"geToterOgGs'enaHxMk*EsnxasCatiesomNas'

minhan[esomdgerOg

k~gerOgEbbdUcK~aenH manmYyeTot KWerOgelak cnrgI EdlsBfenHCaGPiVlext

KirIrm nigCaembJakarkgBltUcefreCgelx 13. elak cnrgI kalEdlenAeFICasr:

b^HEtnwgrebHCv^tVt'ehIy edaysarEtkarecaTbkan'rbs'em@. erOgenaHKWfa elakcnrgI

20
tvBYksr:Caempal'ecaTbkan'fa CaKijykkarN_BIsr:eTA[VrSg rYck*cat'[K~IK~a

cgXMmuxbugnSykeTAsmab'Casmat'. xMVndgdUec~H k*bjab'Xat'ehIy[nSelakcnrgI

mksaksYrCaf. BYkGs'enHriHKn'xMfakan'eCgKsarg eJHfaelakcnrgItvCakyCdUn

mYyxM eJHxMnigBHGgmas'tUCaBukcnrgIenaH tvCabgbnCdUnmYyxM. maymas'tU eQaH

m"m-tatCabBnhg neratm tvCamayFMxM. EtxMfa xMBuMEmnyl'jati[Xatcab'enaHeT xM

Kan'EtsaksYr[cas'sineTetI ebIcnrgICaKijVrSgEmnminVc'[BYkenaHykeTAsmab'

NaqayeT [smab'Cak'EsgenAnwgmuxxM enAnwgmuxG~ksukEtmg. BYkenaHenAesm. eTIbxM

cat'[esIubCaf k*sab'EtVnBtmancas'las'fa BuMEmnCaerOgplbeyaCn_bksr:eT

KWCaerOgpal'xnsuTsaFEtmg. ehtuenaHehIy edaykIekAkhayrkeFIGIcnrgIBuMekIt man

EtpvecaTcnrgIfaCaKijVrSg eTIbecaTdUec~aHeTAcnrgIsab'.

eXIjeT? manerOgbeyaCn_rYm beyaCn_bkNa suTEtCaerOgpal'xn erOgsIjI

ecHEtmYlbgac'ecaTbkan'K~aykK~aeTAsmab'FUrlyeTArYc. elakcnrgIkuMEtVnxMXat'yk
mkTuk ehIycat'[esuIberOgTan' kuMGItvBYktatGs'enaHkEblVt'sat'tSgBIenaHesc.

tg'eNHehIyEdlxMkt'sMKal'eXIjfa BYkExrsr:Gt'mancab'TSgGs' tman

esIubsYrrkyutiFmTSgGs'

exayy"agsYl.

ecaTbkan'K~aJnetakJntSg

G~kmankmSgsmab'K~aG~k

ekABIGMeBIenH xMenAmanerOgmYyeTotKYr[cMGk EdlBYksr:eKcUlcitniym ehIy

EdlxMVn[eQaHfa CenOhYssm&y.

sUmCabfa sm&yenaHBYksr:manCenOelImnGaKm GUmGam ExKafa ExcegH

kEngy&n, kuy KC', Eckac' Caedm.

KYmnGaKmsm&yenaHCaGacar, CaBHsg. G~kTSgenaHEtgGHGagfa eKOgeKA

rbs'xns&kisiTiNas' suTEtkab'minmut dutmineqH Vj'minecj. etIvasuTEtxSgBUEks&ki

siTiBitVkddUcJkGHGagTSgenaH? xMmanerOgmYymkCrab: fmYyCafbgk'bsiTIkg

T&B. BYksr:mYykumVnnimnelaksgmYyGg EdlCaKrbs'eK[mkbkbBiFI. k~g

BiFIenaHmanerobcMEKGasn:

nigerobeKOgskarbUCa

emIleTAdUcCaeKerobeFIbuNGPiesk

BHdUec~aH BiFIenHbBwteTAGs'VMBIryb'VMBIrfeTIbVncb'. kalebIsUtmnGaKmbk'BuM

rYcehIy elaksgenaHgakmkmanBuTdIkanwgsr:fa: \Gs'elakTSgGs'K~amaneKOgs&ki

siTieBjxnehIy eKOgeKATSgenHkarJrGs'elakVnehIy xSgVj'Gs'elakminecj

eT

ecjEdrEtmintveT

Vj'Gatav^jcuH!

ebImineCO

lemIlcuH!

ehIyebIGs'elakminhanlK~ag

ehIyelakenaHnimneTAQrenAcMkNalTIbkbBiFI.

xMEdlmineCOerOgenH

k*VnXat'K~agfa:

kuMGalsin,

kuMGallepspaseTArk

elak lEtkEngGasn:sinVnehIy eJHkEngenaHmaneKOgeKAy&nKafaEdr. eTIbxM

TajkSePIg<karbn>mYyedmtmg'eTArkGasn:. cuckkwk! Qwg! minecjKab'; xMnwkfa

21
Gya"! xSgBUEkEmneTdg? bu"En xMrlak'Kab'enaHecj dak'Kab'fcuckkwk! pSg! huyEpg

Telam! xMlan'mat'fa: En eXIjeT? minsleT kuMlelgpas[esaH, Kab'munsy

Kab'ekaylVj'ecj, suMkuMGalfaVj'minecjenaH!

mindg

bu"EnelakKenaH bEhlCaxas'xMem"cmindg k*eCOmnGaKmelakesaHeTAehIyk*

elakEskVb'eTATahansr:fa:

EnGs'elakkuMeTAlGInwgTIGasn:rbs't

v^JaNenaH, [lmnusv^jeTIbdgVkd Gs'elakVj'mkGatacuH! ebIKab'ecjmktv

sab'Gata k*sab'eTAcuH!

xMk*VnXat'elakv^jfa: sUmBHetCKuNkuM[eKlelg@ enaH rbs's&kisiTieKEtg

EtminleT,

xMkruNayl'faKYrkuMsaklgeFIGI!

tamBittvEtBnl'kUnTahan[ecHlut

kabtamrebobyuTsasbcbn~eTIbtv BIeJHsm&yLvenH Kab'kSePIgxusBIsm&ydUn

taeyIgqayNas' Kab'kSePIgBIedmckBImat'Et eyIgykePIgdut k*dutBIKl'eTAeTIbpH

sHeTAmux, Lv Kab'ecjmYyv^naTIrab'minGs', FanaemcnwgekIt? [kUnTahanrgemcVn?

elaksgenaHeFImin ehIyEbrCaniyaynwgTahansr:fa, Gs'elak vas'BI

kEngGataQrenHeTAcMnYn 7 kSePIgrYcVj'mkcuH!

BImuxkEngbYgsYgenaHmanEKtUcmYy elaksgenaHKg'elIEKenAEkrenaH sUtPav-

na rYcEskfa [Vj'mkcuH!

Tahanm~ak'EdlkMBugcg'lg k*tSgykkSePIgeTAvas'BIkEngelakQr fymkKb'

cMnYn 7 kSePIg k*tSgtmg'kSePIgeTAelaksgenaH elaksgenaHenAeFIBegy sab'Et

pSg! dYlKwb! elakmaneTAs&kisiTNa elakdkcgaman'BIrbIguk k*putxl'lm TSg

Gs'K~aP&ybHsk' ElgbkbBiFItwmenaH nSK~aEsgexacelakenaH ykeTAkb'ecalbMVt'dan

xacesomdg vaecaTgfaykelaksgmkVj'elg dUec~H dUec~aH. xMniyayfa: em"c,

eXIjeT? CenOecalemt! eronlutkablUntamBiFIcSgminKiteT mkrvl'nwgerOgGUmGam

QrVj' Lvem"ceTA? ral'K~aesm.

bu"EnenAEtdEdl erOgmnGaKmGUmGamenaH. dUcCaelakemsr:m~ak' Kat'erIsVnGM-

EbgdEkvburaNmYy EdlEbkecjBItYEkv Kat'bkan'faCaKC'BiessNas' xMykmkesab

mas Jk'enAk. xMVb'Kat'fa: BuMEmnKC'eT, KWCabMENkdEkvburaNeT, Kat'enAEtfa: eT, KC'

VkdNas', Kat'erIsVnmk edaysareTvtabgajKat'[eXIj! tamBitKWCabMENkdEkv

esaH KYr[esIc!

sUmCmabfa VnCaxMsal'faCadEkvburaN titpHxMFab'manEkvFunenaHEdr.

eXIjeT, CenOGkusl, KanBicarNa minsal'KC'enaHy"agem"c, Ekvy"agem"c EteK

Vb'ragerA tSgeCOPam ykmktMekIgPam. G~kEdleKdg eKlbesIcmaneTAticGI.

tg'eNH xMyl'fa KMnitBYkeyIgenHenATabNas', enAlg'Nas' esIrEtfarkelx

dak'BuMVn. xM, xMeCOEdr KWeCOBHBuT BHFm BHsg nigkmpl kusl Gkusl eFIlVnl

eFIGakk'VnGakk'. faeTAeCOelImnGaKm ExcegHx~aytan' KC' kuy Eckac' nagBYnsI@

22
enaH mineCOeT. GMeBIl kuslplbuNeT EdlnS[xMVnrYcBIsab'rYcBIeKaHf~ak' BuMEmn

mkBIeKOgeKAmnGaKmGUmGamenaHeT.

x enH sUmGs'elakG~kFM G~ktUcEdlmanCenOy"agNa@ enaH emtaGP&yeTas[

pg ebIyl'faeyabl'xMenHminsbnwgGs'elak.
R
R

23

karvaybharkugesomrab
enAeBlEdlkumExrsr:ecHEtTTUcecIndgeBk

ehIyEdleyIgmanGavuFlm

ehIy xM buNcn-mu"l k*ebIksm&ybCuBieKaHnwgGs'elakem@ eTotfa etIeyIgcUrGnuJat

[K~aeyIgeTAvayVrSgeT? ehIyebIfaGnuJat etIeyIgeTAvaykEngNaCamun?

ekayEdlVnBiPakaK~ad*yUrmk

GgbCuk*semcfatvGnuJat[eTAvayext

esomrab ehIymunnwgcUlvaykugesomrab tvvaysalasukBYk[VnCamunsin ykpv

eTAkugesomrab.

ekayesckIsMercenH G~kemcat'k*beNaHkUnT&B[eFIdeNIrtampvBxH tampvrf-

ynxH eTAkan'suksirIesaP&N EdlkalenaHftttaCarbs'f ehAsukenaHfa sIusupun

ehIyEdlraCkarfVnelIksukenaHCaext [eQaHfa extBibUnsugkam (Bibulsgam)

pg.

karecjdeNIrenaH minticmintYc edrC^t 5 feTIbVndl'TIedACYbCuK~a. CYbCuK~aehIy

elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgbJa[Qb'enAk~gmNlnsirIesaP&N qayBI

sukkLaj'bEhlCa 5 Km sanenaHCaBMbTl'Exrnwgesomsm&yenaH.

VnQb'enAtg'PUmivarin elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgykEpnTImkBinit

[vaysalasukBYk nigTIkugesomrab. mYykum[cSvaysalaBYk mYykumeTotmanK~a

bEhl 200 nak' [eTAkan'kugesomrab.

24
kumExrsr: minVnGt'KMniteT eKcat'K~IK~a[eTAesIubcMnYnTahanVrSgenAkugesom

rab dgeTotfamanVrSgenAkugesomrabbEhl 25 nak'CanayTahan edkenAnwgsNaKar

ext.

elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Vn[bJaeTAG~kEdltveTAkan'kugesomrab

[eFIdeNIreTAtampvVrayN_ ehIy[EckK~aCa 5 kumsMrab'vaydUceTAenH

-

kumTI 1 [vaysNaKarext (EdlmanVrSg)

kumTI 2 [vaybnayTahaneCgexA

kumTI 3 [vaybu"siExlYspac'karTak'Tg
kumTI 4 [vayBnnaKarrMedaHG~keTas

kumTI 5 [vaypHKijtmtextnigpHKy

kumTSgenH tvcab'vaymYyBwbk~geBlyb'[BmK~aEtmg kuM[mYymunmYyekay

nSexaykmSg.

edmIecosvagkuM[eKaHf~ak'

tmv[kUnBlTSgGs'kuMVj'elgepspas

tsNab'F~ab'. ehobnwgcUlvayenaHeTot k*kuM[Vj'V"tNaV"tNI [sab'bJaemkumTI

1 ebIemkumTI1 Vj' swmVj'BmK~acUllukEtmgeTA.

Vncat'TSg

kumescehIy

bJak'ehIybJak'eTotfaelIkenHCadbUgehIy

eyIg[manreboberobryehIynwgmanesckIkahan

eTIbGacnwgmanC&yCnH.

TSgGs'K~a

suTEtTTYlVT@ eKarBTSgGs' eJHsuTEtcg'ykeCaKC&y ykeQaHlIerogxn. bnab'BI

VnTTYlbJacas'las' BYkEdlmanebskmvayesomrabenaH k*eFIdeNIrmktampvV-

rayN_. enAeBlyb' TSgGs'K~albcUlmkkan'kugesomrab ehIybMEbkK~aCakumcSbti-

btikartamcMNat'rbs'nayecAhayEdlVn[mkehIyenaH. bnab'BIbJabMEbkehIy kum

TImYyVncUltampvGgrvtsnwm@ eTArksNaKarext.

eBlenaHem"agBIrGaFatnfTI 7 ExsIha 1946 TSgGs'K~albbnicmg@ cUleTA

kan'sNaKarext

enAbmaNCaBIrKILEm"tnwgdl'

k*sUrsnwkreTHGeNIk

(Auto-blind)

kekIkdecjmkBIkug KWBYkTahanyamtatrkakug. reTHGeNIkecjmkdl'eFa eBlenaH

elakemkumTImYyVnbJa[kneyIgkabcuH hammin[Vj'dac'xat. bu"Enmansr:m~ak'

eQaH Em"n bEhlCaP~ak'garsmat'rbs'VrSgk*mindg eJHeyIgeFsbEhsminsegt[

Cak'lak' Kat'mansab'Na reTHGeNIkmkC^tk*Vj'VveTAEtmg dUcCa[sJaeTAreTH
GeNIkenaH. reTHGeNIkenaHVj'esacmkv^jPam rYctLb'cUlbnayv^j bkasPaBGa-

sn~mYyrMeBc.

cMENkTSgbYnkumeTotedayVnsJabyuTehIy

k*VnvaylukeTAKb'TIedA

KKwkKeKg. BYkTahanenArkakugTSgbu"nan veggclcbl'rcl'CaxSg. rIkumTImYy

EdlCuldVj'nS[reTHGeNIkdgxnehIyebIkcUleTAkugv^jenaH

k*tSgrt'tamLanenaH

eTAeTotrhUtdl'sNaKarext. enHkuMEtmanesckIkahan kuMGIBuMGaccUlmkdl'VneT eJH

VrSgVnVj'Tb'xSgNas'

mkBIvadgxnmun.

ehIyenHebIkuMEtmanemekayKan'ebI

kuMGIk*

25
rtat'rtayesceTAehIy. BYkkumTImYyenHVncUlC^tdl'sNaKar k*tSgVj'sMedAeTArk

bnb'VrSg. cMENkVrSgnayTahanVrSgmantSgBIskiBIreTAdl'skiVM VnVj'mkv^j

y"agxSgka.

enAmat'CeNIr

VrSgVnTajtuTUXSgpvmin[eyIgcUlVn.

naykumeyIg

EskbJa[cUl EtcUlmincuH Kan'EtVnKb'Kab'EbkeTAeJgJt eFI[VrSgTIenaHdYlcuH

xHbu"eNaH ekABIenaHvaVj'Tb'eyIgCab'.
sUmGs'elakG~kBicarNacuHfa

Exrsr:eBlenaHecjedrBIkLaj'tSgBIBlb'

mkdl'kugesomrabem"ag 2 eTAehIy etIGs'kmSgbu"Na. Edlmkdl'ehIycab'eFIkarvay

lukPamenH KWeFIedaycitcg'qab'EtmgKanKitmuxekayGIeT. enHehIyCacritrbs'eyIgmYy

EbbEdr EdleFIkarGIminsUvsg'kmSgGatagesaH.

cMENkkEngTSgbYneTot EdlmankumTSg 4 CaG~kbtibtikarenaH swgmaneCaK

C&ydUcVf~a KWeyIgvaybnayeCgexAVn VnkSePIg 40 edm enAKukk*vayFay enAkEngBIr

eTotk*Fay srubeTAVnGavuFC^t 100 edm. GavuFTSgenaH nSK~am~Im~aelIkdak'elILan bug

nSecjeTAtampvGgrvt. EtKYr[esIceTAcuH eBlEdldak'GavuFelILanehIy tSgebIK~ag

[ebIkLan, KannrNam~ak'ecHesaH tSgnSK~aerIykGavuFenaHBILanmkv^jkan'm~ak'mYy@ eTA

v^j sl'bu"nanTukelILandEdl. KiteTAcMNayeBlGt'beyaCn_ eJHEtminVnsaksYr

K~a[dgmun. NamYyxacVrSgmksgb'v^jpg maneTAslGI mkcMNayeBlelIkdak'

dUec~H.

cMENkkumTI1 EdlminGacTmaysNaKarVn mkBIm"agVrSgenABIelI m"ageTot

eyIgePccab'PwkBIerOgsUrs&B

eBlenaHyb'ggtEmnehIy

EdlecjBIxneyIgnS[VrSgdgVn

ehIyVj'tmg'mk.

Etdl'VrSgvasUrEr"ker"akrbs'EdleyIgsay

vadgvaVj'

VvmkEtmg eFI[eyIgruleTAmuxBuMrYcesaH. sUrEr"ker"akenaH KWsUrsabJnigq~SgEdleyIg

sayenaHTg^cK~a. edrFmta tTg^cK~asUrGIeT luHmkdl'rt' k*Tg^cK~aer"akr"ak@ Etmg.

eyIgrt'eTANak*sUr dUcCasJa[VrSgdgEtmg dUec~HeTaHbIVj'eyIgmintvkI k*

Vj'esacmkEdr b^Hxn. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgcUlBuMVn.

karenHCabTeronmYyEdr famunnwgeFIGI@ tvEtKit[Vnlitln'swmeFI. cMENkkum

TI 5 EdlVneTAvaypHKijnigpHKyenaH VncUleTAVj'emKyCatiVrSgm~ak'sab'enATIenaH
Etmg emKyCatiVrSgmanbBnCatilav.

eBlenaHem"ag 6 Bwklm BYksr:eyIgxHkMBugetgtagedrerIskSePIgEdlTahan

VrSgTukecal sab'EtkeLkeTAPUmiCaykug k*eXIjT&BVrSgkMBugsgjcUlmkv^j. eTIb

dgfa Gya" BYkGaenHePosxnBIyb' eTAekAbeNay[gGukLkbnayvacuH vacSkesab

gBIekAmkv^jeTetI! minekIteT! kuMenAetgtagdl'NaeTot. emkumTSgGs' EskbJa[

fytamknyuTsaseqaHeTATisxageCg tampvGgrvt. TSgGs'K~afyeTAKanbgg' BYkTa

hanVrSg KWVj'eJgJtmk rYcedjtameyIgrhUtnKrvt. TSgGs'K~abMEbkK~abMVt'dan

rYck*tSgeFIdeNIreqaHeTAkMBg'fvEtmg.

26
karvaykugesomrabenH minsntfaeCaKC&ybraC&yGIeT bu"EnCasemaltsUmYy

EdleFI[BYkGaNaniKmVrSg P&yEpmmat'mYyKad*FMeTAEdr ehIyvaGacbNHTwkcitExr

eTot[Pak'rlwkeLIgpg.

Btmanekaykarvaybhar
manGMeBIKYr[QWcab'mYyEdlKYrnSykmkCmab.

BYksr:munnwgdkfyecjBIlanbyuTVnnSK~anSG~krbYssal@ mktam G~k

rbYsFn'ykmkBuMrYc k*nSK~aKah_ykeTAdak'enAnwgmuxKilandankug.
edayKiteXIjfa:

BYkbuKlikeBTKg'mancitFmCYyBaVlEdr.

bu"EnmandUceyIg

KitNa? ekayEdlVncUlmkkan'kab'kugv^j PamenaHBYkVrSgVnbJa[elIksr:

G~krbYsTSgbu"nandak'elILanTahandkecjBITIkug dl'BehIyk*[Qb' rYcelIkG~krbYs

TSgenaHeVHmkdVj'ecalmYymg@ smab'TSgGs'
tacab'skl

(1)

. KiteTACaGMeBIBpEmn. tamFm-

erOgsgameKminEdlsmab'eQIysgameT

sr:CaeQIy EdlKanGavuFenAdEfmTSgmanrbYseTotpg.
cMENkenAsalasukBYkeNaH

ehIyeNHVrSgsmab'Exr

ekaykarvaybharrbs'BYksr:

BYkVrSgk*

cab'BYkbuKliksikamanelak sMeGO CaG~kkILaVl'Tat'eCgkxagcSTICnan'enaHvaysab'

nigP~ak'garsalasukykeTAcgvaysmab'Gs'CaecInK~a

edayvaecaTfaBYkTSgenHcUld

nwgBYksr: k~gkarvaybharenH. BIeJHkalBIkallac BYkbuKliksikanigbuKliksa

lasukecInK~a CYbCuK~asIuelog. dl'kNalGaFat BYksr:k*vayVvmkEtmg VrSg

vaecaTfaBYkenH[deTABYksr:

(2)

tamBitBuMmanesaH bu"EnVrSgEdlvarkEt{kaseFIVb

Exr k*ecHEtecaTy"agh~wgeTA.

(1)

erOgenHdgedaysarelak

s-sug

rdmnIksYgksikm,

kaleNaHelakCakUnsissalaext

esomrab .
(2)

dgerOgenHedaysarelak Nub- quM tMNagrassBf, kaleNaHelakCaKbegonenAextesomrab.

27

karbMEbkK~anBYksr:
bnab'BIkardkfyGMBIkugesomrab, BYksr:VneFIdeNIrmktampvkMBg'fv ehIy

mkQb'enACYrP~MdgErk.

edmI[Vnrs'sYl BYksr:VnbMEbkK~aCabIkum. kumTI 1 man dab-QYn Caem,

kumTI 2 manelak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Caem, kumTI 3 maneQaHEdlxMePceQaH

kumenHVnmkenAnwgsayeck.

cMnYnT&BkaleNaH mYykum@ man 35 40 50 nak'. meFaVyciJwmkgT&B Ca

Par:enAelIemkumEdlkaleNaHeKebIkUnecArbs'eK

[edrrGgasGgrtIsac'Caesg

GMBIbCaras. edaytMbn'enaHCatMbn'BMusUvmanbCaCnecIn karrGgasbEmbmUlesg

smab'ciJwmCv^tenaH VnedaytictYcscesIgNas'.

cMENkxM buNcn-mu"l manmYykumepg mancMnYnticK~aeT VnhYseTAenAVgkkEt

mg CamYymaxM bu"k-KuN ehA tLac EdlKat'manpHmYyeTotenAkugVgkk napvckEsg

cn tMbn'BHx~g. VnCamaxMnigxMnSK~aecalVt'dbgnigGng'v^l BIeJHkaleNaHKWCaeBl

EdlraCkarVrSg-Exr VnTarykExtVt'dbgBIesomVnmkv^jehIy ehIykan'kab'Ext

enH EdleFI[BYkxMBMuGacsitenAekIt.

tg'eNH xMsUmebIkvg'kck CmabGs'elakG~kbMVt'karsg&ybnicfa ehtuGIVn

CaxMBuMBmcUlmkrYbrYmnigrdaPiVlVrSg-Exrv^j

ebIExtVt'dbgtvVnmkExrv^jehIy

enaH? ebIxMsLaj'Cati kaleXIjsukeTsVnTamTarExtBIG~kEkrxagVnehIy KYrEt

sbaycit ehIycUlmkrYbrYmnwgrdaPiVlv^j. enHmindUec~aH EbrCaeVlcUleTAsukEdl

28
Castvrbs'CatieTAv^jqy! etIxMminsbaycitnwgextVt'dbgtvVnmkExr? ebIminEmn
eT etIxMenAEtsb'VrSgEdlK~axMTamTarVt'dbg[Exrv^j?
tg'eNH xMsUmCmab[cas'las'dUcteTA:

TI 1- Exrsr: VnciJwmcitKiteXIjfa beTsExrTSgmUlBuMTan'VnkraCenA

eLIyeT tvEttsUrMedaHsukTSgmUl[putBInwmVrSgEss, erOgextVt'dbgenaH k*Cakm

vtnkarTamTarrbs'Exrsr:Edr KWfa Exrsr:tSgcitfa nwgTamTarExtenHBIesomEdr
enAfNamYy.

LvebIraCkarVrSg-ExrTamTarExtenHVnmkmun

k*BYksr:CYyGrEdr

bu"EnminsUvsbaycittg'EdlfaExtenH vaeTAenAk~gdVrSgdEdl vaBuMenAelIdExresaH.

TI 2- erOgpal'xn, rUbxMBuMGaccUlsukExrekIteT titxMecjBIKukekaHtLacenaH min

Tan'dl'q~SecjNa? xMecjBIKukenaH mYyq~Smunsalkmsemc[ecj. dUec~HxMenACJk'

KukekaHtLac 1 q~SeToteNaH. G~kdak'KukxMKWVrSg G~kedaHxMKWCbu"n

(1)

. LvBYkVrSg

cab'TSgelak sWug-gu"kfaj' Caembkrbs'xMeTAehIy ebIxMcUleTAsukv^j etIVrSgvabNI

xM? VkdNas' vamuxCabJnxM[eTAekaHtLacCaf k*y"agNay"agNIeTotminxan.

TI 3- Exrsr: kMBugmanlTPaB nwgBgkTiBl BIeJHeBlenaHclnatsUrMedaH

sukrbs'yYn k*VnpuspuleLIgEdr EdleyIgehAfa kumeyokmijenAkalenH. ExrtsU

ehAExrsr: k*VnmanTMnak'TMngCamYyBYkenaHbnic@ Edr ehIyCaehtunS[mankmSgnig

esckIsgwmfaQ~HVrSgeTAGnaKt.

enHCacemIyrbs'xM edaHcMeJHGafbs~adUcEdlVnecaTmkehIy.

BYkxM buNcn-mu"l EdlenAkugVgkk manPar:TijGavuFyuTP&NmkEckkumsr:

enAdgErk nigenAsayeck. Vk'kasTijenH KWVnmkBIBYkkumTSgbIenaH EdleKVnr

GgasBIG~ksukEdls&Kcit.

kumTSgbIenH

CYnkaleKrkpvTijGavuFenHedayxneKEdr

tamextVt'dbg nigsurin. kSePIgkaleNaHmankar"abn mIteyI nigKab'Ebk. bu"EnkarTij

GavuFeBlenaH VnedayscesIgNas' edayrGgasVk'kasBuMsUvVn.

cMeJHGavuFEdlTijVn

nSykmkEcktg'GarJnigsurin

edayrfynFMrt'Q~l

(Edls&KCYydkTeTtykQ~l). cMENkxagsurin dknSedayrfePIgedaylYclak'.

maneBlxHdak'k~gkarugGgr, mUrkb'k~grmUrkenl .l. tamreTHePIgenHminsUveKaHf~ak'eT

bu"EncMeJHpvGarJv^jBiVkNas' edayesomby&t~ min[nSkSePIgecj.

sUmCmabfa KMniteK KWenAEtKMnitmintg'nwgeyIgdEdl BImunfaCYy ekaymkeXIj

eyIgEbblUtlas'xagbd^vtn_ k*tSgby&t~bEygcMeJHeyIgeTAv^j. G~krksuIlk'GavuF[

eyIgenaHk*dUec~aHEdr eKesaHnwgraCkareK CagsLaj'Vk'kasrbs'eyIgeTAeTot CYnkal

eKlk'GavuF[eyIgVnecInehIy

ehIydgfaeyIglmdkecjenAfNaenaH

eKxc[

karN_eTAG~kraCkareKesc luHeyIgdkGavuFecj tmteKk*mkcab'Xat'k*qaeqArMxaneyIg

(1) sUmemtaemIlerOgKukneyaVy.

29
edaybkarepgeTA. enHCaKMniteKedrelIeyIg. eyIgdg. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgecHEtby&t~

ehIyebIVybEggdan k*niyaybgseBlevlaEdltvnSecjVb'eTABYkenaHv^j eTIb

Vnslk~gkarrt'GavuFykmk[K~ageNH. ma"geToteyIgsuMcab'TijGavuFBIGaCaFrpg

k*Kg'mankarP&yPitk~gkardknSecjEdr. xMmanerOgmYyCmabfa: fmYyevlaem"ag 4 lac

kumxMman 8 nak' VnTijGavuFKb'FunenAVgkkdak'elIrfynbugnSecjmkGarJ. eBl

enaH sab'EteXIjkgGavuFhtesombEhl 100 nak' bkbedayGavuFKb'dsHsmk

eLamB&TLanEdlerobecjenaH. embJakareKEskmkfa: enA[esm! elIkdeLIgelI, kuM

kemIk! EtkemIk, Vj'! eBlenaHmaxMBuMenApg xMP&yy"agxSg yIya"gNaeTAGIuecH? xMk*[K~a

xMenAesm! ekaymk eKbJa[eyIgerIGavuFyuTP&NcuHmkdv^j [eKkt'cMnYn. eqteBl

enaH xMebIkyxMm~ak'[rt'eTAtamma b"uk-KuN edmImksmlkarN_enH. enAcenaHeBlenaH

manExrm~ak'eQaH

Gacarehg

ecHesomeCACH

eTAniyaykarN_nignayGavuFhtesom

bJak'fa GavuFTSgenH KWraCkarfGnuJat[v^jEdrehIy. nayGavuFhtenaH dgdUec~aHrkqa

eqAminekIt k*[K~IK~aeKfyeTAv^j bu"EneKTuk[TahanBIrnak'enAyamGavuFenaHsin.

luHEskeLIgema"g 11 eTIbmaxM bu"k-KuN mkVb'fa: [ykecjeTAcuHeKGnuJat

ehIy! eTIbeyIgnSK~anSGavuFenaHecjmk. mkdl'GarJem"ag 4 PW. smakcSBwk luHem"ag

8 ecjBIGarJmkeTot tampvsirIesaP&N. em"ag 12 ftg'eTIbdl'kMBg'fv. TSgGs'K~a

Qb'smakenAvtmYyeQaHvtVt.

KWvtenaHehIy

CaTIbCuhat'nkumExrsr:nigCaTI

bJakar cat'bJnesgnigGavuFyuTP&NeTA[BYkeTotTSgbIkum.

30

karVk'EbkK~anBYksr:
BYksr:kumnimYy@ suTEtmanKMnitcg'lIeQaHEtm~ak'g. BYkem@ suTEtcg'Vn

FM KanniymK~aeTAv^jeTAmkeT. kumnimYy@ hak'dUcCaenAdac'edayELkBIK~a KanTak'TgK~a

esaH.

minEtbu"eNaH

edaycg'maneQaHEtgeBk

kumxHVnBayambMVt'kumeTot[

sabsUneTApg. eQaHdab-QYnmanC&yCnHelIeKk~gerOgenH. dab-QYnVnlgehAem

kumeTot [eTAkan'kEngmYyenAx~gP~MdgErkEdlKat'VnNat'Tuk ehIyEdleKeTotBuMFab'

dgknkkent
nigelak

sarU

Kat'Vncat'karsmab'emkumeToty"agsat'.
EdlFab'lIeQaHeVHsemgk~gevlaenaH

eQaHelak

Ehm-savag

k*tvcaj'kledaydab-QYn

beJatnSykmksmab'Edr. klenaHdUcemc? KWdab-QYneFICaesckIGeJIjehA Ehm-

savag nig sarU [mkbCuCnuMkar. Ehm-savag nig sarU Tukcit k*eFIdeNIrmkedaymindg

xn. dab-QYn[K~aKat'sak'enAkNalpvBCaesc. G~kTSgBIrmkdl' k*tveKlbVj'

ecaleTA. bkBYkkUnecAeQaH Ehm-savag nig sarU Kanemekayk*rlayeTA ehIyxHEbr

CacUlnwgdab-QYn xHeTotEbrCacUlnwgkumdTEdlminTan'rlay.
mkdl'twmeNH

xMEdlCaG~kbegtnigCaG~kmanKMnitbgbbgmenaH

k*Gs'kmSg

Gs'smtPaBtwmeNH rYck*tSgEbrCamkby&t~Gatagv^j xacBYkTSgenaHeFIbXattam

v^FIenHenaH EdlxMBuMGacnwgdgVn. tSgBIVt' Ehm-savag nig sarU mk, dab-QYn Elg
Tak'TgnwgxM cg'smab'xMeTAeTot. xMk*BuMmantUccitGIcMeJHKat'Edr bu"EnxMmkenAnwksaycMeJH

GMeBIeXaeXArbs'Kat' EdlminKYrCanwgbBwteTAelIkumeTot nS[rlayGs'enaHesaH.

dab-QYn minnwkeXIjfa dl'GataGjsmab'mitrbs'GataGjGs'eTAenaH etInwgnS[Gata

GjmankmSgxSgeLIgVneT? enHehIycritExr! KitGIcg'EtFMminKit[VnEvgqay. VnFM

ehIy etIdeNIrkarteTAVnsleT. kuMtSgcitcg'EtFM, kuMtSgcitkumGjFM xnGjFMeTIb

31
eFIkarekItenaH minbesIreT. ebIecHENnSK~a[rYbrYmK~a kickarGacedreTAVnslCaCagEbk

Vk'K~a. enHKWKMnitxM buNcn-mu"l.

bu"En dab-QYn CaCneskQam CaCncg'FMbu"nesc Kat'KanKitBIGIesaHeLIy sUmI

mitsmaj'Kat' k*Kat'smab'ecalEdr. KitemIlelakekA-tk' Caemsr:maneQaHlIrbs'

elak sWg-gu"kfaj' bmuxclnaExresrI ehIyCamitcitmYynwg dab-QYn pg k*tv dabQYn cat'kar[Vj'smab'ecaleTAEdr (enAf 11 kum: 1955 enABYkextesomrab).

xMsUmrMlwkerOgeQaH ekA-tk' enHbnic eJHeQaHenHCaG~kbd^vtn_tsU enAk~gbvti

tsUKYrsresIrm~ak'Edr.

elak ekA-tk' Caemsr:ExresrId*sMxan'enAtMbn'esomrab. Kat'CaG~kbqSgnwgBYk

GaNaniKmniymy"aglIlaj. enAq~S 1954 k~geBlEdlsn~isIThENvtmv[Exr

Kb'nin~akarTSgGs'enAk~gBTmak'GavuFrYbrYmnwgrdaPiVl, eBlEdlelak sWg-gu"kfaj'

dak'GavuFEdr tamesckIsemcenaH, elak ekA-tk' k*Vndak'GavuFcuH suxcitrYbrYmnwgrda

PiVl. eBlCamYyenaH eQaH cn-sUr"at Caemsr:xSgBUEkdUcK~a k*Vndak'GavuFrYbrYmEdr

BmTSgGs'elakG~ktsUenAk~gBecInK~aeTot k*VnmkrYbrYmnwgrdaPiVlEdr.

elak ekA-tk' eBlEdlKat'mkrYbrYmk~gsgmCativ^jenH KanGInwgbkbrbrciJwm

Cv^t k*es~IsuMxIVk'rbs' dab-QYn CaedmTunxH nwgbkbrbr eJHGagfadab-QYnCamit

citmYy. dab-QYnk*pSfa [cUlmkykluycuH Kat'Tuk[enAmMBYk eTIbKat'cat'K~aCaesc

[cScab' ekA-tk'. elak ekA-tk' minVndgxnk*mk mkdl'bEhl 10 Km nwgdl'suk

BYk k*sab'EttvBYkdab-QYnsHeTA{bmYyrMeBc. yl'facaj'kldab-QYn elak ekA-

tk' k*bMrHelatTat'Fak' xSkekrBYkG~kcgy"ageBjTMhwg. bsinebImanEtkSePIgxImYyman

kSbites~t bEhlCaeFIGIKat'BuMVneT EtKat'KanykGavuFGImkkMdrxnesaH edayGagEtfa

dab-QYnCamit

mindgCamitsmab'mitGI

k*tvBYktatrbs'dab-QYnGUsTajKat'ykeTA

Vj'ecaleTA! KYrQWcab'. eBllaceTIbKsarrbs'elak ekA-tk' mklbyksaksB

elak ekA-tk' ykeTAbJHenAvtP~MVt kMBg'fv. sUmCrabfa elak ekA-tk' mankUnsIEt

mYyKt' EdlsBfenH tvVnCaPriyaelak hg-Funhak'.

enHgehIyEdls[eXIjfadab-QYncg'FMEtm~ak'g TukmitPki[enAeTIsmuxmat'

xacmitPkienaHVnFMpg nS[xnFMEtgminekIt. erOgenHVnBtmancas'las'fa mkBIxac

ekA-tk' Vnysskixg'xs'eTAfmux eTIbtvEtsmab' ekA-tk' ecal. sm&yenaHnrNa

minlIeQaHfa ekA-tk' CamnussMxan'?

LvxMsUmtLb'mkniyayerOgxMteTAeTot

ekaymkeTotedayyl'fa eyIgGt'GMNacnwgKb'Kgsr:ehIyenaH maxMnigxMk*

bkassuMlaElgBIkumsr:eTA.

karlaElgenH

BYkemsr:eTotenaH

eKminmat'eT

eJHeKrwgdrwgeCg Gacrs'enAedayxneKVnehIy eKKankarGInwgBwgJk'maxM nigxMdUcmun@

32
eT.

ehIysmebIxMecHEtbqSgnwgGMeBIBprbs'BYkeKpg

Nas'eTA? eKmincg'eT eKcg'Et[xMfyecjeTAy"agh~wgg.

tg'h~wgehIy

etIeKcg'[xMenACamYyBYkeK

EdlxMVnCmabGs'elakG~kk~gesckIepmfa

skmPaBBYkExr

sr:eXIjfapyBIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati. skmPaBBYkenaH KWCa

KuNv^btiy"agFMEdlpl'[xMnUvkarxkcity"agCUrct'drabsBf.

niyayriHKn'GI@ xMcUlcitniyayfa enHehIycritExr.

ehtuenaHehIy

eTIbxM

dUcCasBfenHeTot eyIgeBjtecok xagBYkBeKfa eKrMedaH cUlmkdl'

sukNa dutsandutpHG~ksukh~gm"d. xageyIgeNHEdr edmIkuM[BYkBdut k*manG~kd

xUc@ enABIekaykgT&B cSruHerIpHG~ksukdkKansl'drENg bgg' epagpan eqIydak'

Tahan. TahanG~kcSgCab'xn Cab'EP~kEtnwgxSg maneBlNanwggakmklYcqk'ruHerIdk

CJnenaH. ecarmagcUlmkdutbMpaj ecarmagsvaevc etI[pHExrenAsl'GIeTA? sBfenH

ExrkMBugcaj'cmSgy"agxSgBIeJHGI BIeJHebIBYkBQ~Hk*gab'Exr minEmngab'GaemrikSgeT

ebIBYksukQ~Hk*gab'Exr minEmngab'yYnhaNUyeT.

bu"EnBYkem@ xagelImanKitGIerOgenH. BYkem@ xagrMedaHkI BYkem@ xagecarsukkI

suTEtsUtTwsIsLaj'CatiTSgGs' KannrNayl'faeFIenH KWbMpajCati[rasrgevTna

eT minKitemIlVk'saneCaycgakg escsIhnuEskbnrmkfa: eFIh~wgtvehIy! enHVn

cM! BYksr:kaleNaHk*rebobh~wgEdr! critExrmanEtmYyGIucwg!

R
R

33

xMcUlmkk~gbeTsv^j
enAeBlEdlfyxnBIsr: xMk*VnenAnwgkugVgkkteTAeTot. bu"EnedaykugVg

kkKanrbrGInwgbkb enAq~S 1948 xMk*VnmkenAGarJ. munnwgniyayBIdeNIrcUleTAsuk

v^j xMsuMrMlwkerOgmYy Edls[eXIjcitminesaHrbs'esomcMeJHeyIg. kaleNaHmanem

eQaH epAplit GP&yvg CaecAelak kfafn (kTaFr) (G~kVt'dbgehAfaelakmas'@)

manExrm~ak'eQaH QYn EdrCaemrg. eQaH QYn Vnlbcab'BYkExrsr:enAekam{vaT

elak tatLac maxMBIrnak'eQaHK rs-yWn mUy, eQaH mIu-PUrin mYy. K rs-yWn nig
muI-PUrin

(1)

CamnussMxan'Nas' k~gcMeNamExrsr:eTot. BYkeQaH QYn enaHnSK

rs-yWn nig muI-PUrin eTAsmab'enAnwgXuMtabB"aTSgBIrnak'. VnbIfeTAbYnf eTIbVndNwg

enHeTAdl'maxMVgkk

nak'eTot

eTIbmaxMbwgtmtenAVgkk.

emtmtVnGnuJat[xMnigmitPkibI

eTArkkEngkb'exacG~kTSgBIrtamkarnSpvnsr:m~ak'.

xMVnykTSgbdab'ft

rUbeTApg Tukftexac. p~rG~kTSgBIrenAXatBIK~abEhl 5 Em"t. xMsuMGnuJatKas'kayp~r

mitemIl[cas'. KannrNaCYyKas'kayeT xMkayKas'edayxngp~relakK rs-yWn.

exac 5-6 fehImrsaykinGesac_^eBjbnk dgvbu"n@ kUnd xMk*tSgftykPinPaKVnsB

Kb' rYcxMsuMKas'p~relak PUrin eTot sab'EttmtfenaHniyayfa: VnehIy! Kas'EtmYy

dUcCaKas'TSgGs'Edr minVc'Kas'mYyeTotenaHnSEtht'Gs'kmSgeT! xMniyayfa: mnus

exacmanBIr tvEtmansMNuMerOgBIrEdr ftEtmYyxHmYyVnGIbMeBjsMNuMerOg! [xMsuMGnu-

(1)- elakPUrin tvCabgfrbs'elak Nub-quM.

34
JatKas'mYyeTotcuH!

tmtenaHk*niyaydac'xatfa:

manbJaBIemmkfa[Kan'EtnSK~amk

emIlbu"eNaH KanGnuJat[ft[GIeT! bu"EnLvebIftmYyk*fteTAcuH! rYctmtenaHniyay

fa: LvenH[xMsuMbdab'ftrUbnighIlm_k~genHykeTAp^tmkCUnelak! rYcbgedaHhIlm_enaH

eTA. eKbVt'erOgenaHrhUteTA. xMk*cab'yl'fa {! GaenHelgElgf^nEP~keTetI vajHjg'[

ExrnigExrsmab'K~a vaeFICaCYyQWqal! hWu !

enAnwgGarJxMrkrbrTTYlTanlk'kMNat'sMBt' enAGUreCABsI. rbrenHminsUvCa

cemInbu"naneT enAKan'EtrkpvcUlmkbeTskmCav^jbu"eNaH eJHeBlenaHrdaPiVlExr

cab'epmGMJvnav[BYksr:cuHcUlehIy. xMVnCaBiVkcUl eJHdUcGs'elakG~kCab

sab' xMenACJk'Tak'TinnwgerOgneyaVyFM@ BmTSgCaG~keTasekaHtLacecjBIekaHmunkM

Nt'salkmpg cUlmktebIKit xacminsl. eTIbxMcat'[KsarenAP~MeBjedrTak'Tg

nwgraCkarsmtkic rhUtCYbnwgelak Rsident Suprieur

pg [smlkarenH. luHVnsl

ehIy enAfTI 29 kkda 1949 xMk*VncUlmkbeTsExrv^j.

GkuslxM! fEdlxMcUlmkdl'suk k*CafEdlelakBukCaTIeKarBrbs'xM EdlxM

BuMTan'Vntbs~gsgKuNelakesaH elakVnTTYlmrNPaBk~gfenaHeTAedayeraKaJFi.

xMnwkexaccitGaNitxneBkNas' Edlrvl'Etedrecalsuk ecalKsar rhUtdl'elak

BukVt'bg'Cv^t edayKanVnCYyEfTSKk'cVc' bMerITwkekATwktCak'elakesaH. EtenHeFI

em"cebIeyIgykCvPaBneyaVyy"agh~wgeTAehIy. G~kneyaVy KWsuTEtCamnusecal

suk ecalBukmay bBnkUn CamnusKukcvak' CamnusElgKit tamEtnrNadkykeTA

qak'Nak*dkeTA. dUcCaxMEdlGENtebgeVg ecalEm"ecal Cab'Kukcvak' ecalsuk

mYyelIkCaBIrelIk luHcUlmksukv^j Bukk*sab'eTAeTot KWG~kneyaVyvaGP&BmYycb'
y"agh~wg. xMVnsMKal'k~gcitxMdUec~aHg.

karksagCvPaBf
mkdl'P~MeBj xMEdlsl'Vk'kasbnicbnc VncUlhunCamYybgbn begt[man

rfynkugcMnYnbIeKOg

rt'bNak'K~aBIparfeTAtampvmat'Ten

rYcbt'eTAlicdl'pvmunIvg

eTIbbt'mkparfv^j. KWCakarbegtmundbUgbMputenAkugP~MeBj edayxMFab'eXIjenAVgkk

G~kdeNIrC^HrfynkugEbbenHecInNas'.

cMeJHfC^H xMVnykBIG~kC^Hm~ak'@ 5 kak'.

sm&yenaHeKVnsal'ecInK~a ehIyniymehArfynxMfa Lan5kak'@ Kb'K~a. bu"Enrbr

enHBuMVnplbu"naneT edayLanmanEt 3 bNak'K~aqay@ eBk minCab'@ K~adUcenAVgkk,

G~kC^HeKxilcS eKEtgC^HsIuk C^Hkg'GI@ eTA minsUvmanG~kC^HecIn. yUr@ eTAkan'Etexay@

eTA CaehtunS[xatbg'esahuyCalMdab'. rbr Lan5kak' k*tvcb'eTAekayeBlEdl

lk'LanTSgbIenaHeTAv^j.

35
bnab'BIrbrsysavenH

xMEbkKMnitKitrksuICaG~kedrftrUbv^jmg

eJHkaleNaH

raCkarbegt[manGtsJaNb&NmanbiTrUbftCasMKal' cMeJHbCaCnTUeTA. xMxIrfyn

hIbmYyrbs'bgbuNcn-fat'enATenbiT ebIkbrftrUb[eKenAKb'cklk tSgBIextkMBg'

cam-kNal- Vt'dbg nigesomrab. extTSgBIrxagekay (KWVt'dbgnigesomrab) enHxuM

tvekItmanerOgFM@ EdlxMKYrykmkCrabEdr.

extVt'dbg xMcUleTAbkbrbrftrUbenHCamYybnbuseBAxMeQaH buNcn-faNa

rit minVnyUrbu"nan sab'Etmanemsr:EdleTIbekItfm~ak'eQaH hulvgGanuPaB Vn

Vb'kUnecAdeCgeKfa

ebIeXIjeQaHxMk*bnbusxMcUleTAk~gtMbn'eK

tv[kab'smab'

ecalkuMbNI. bnxMVndgdNwgenH rt'mkVb'xM. xMnwkql'eJHmindgCaeQaH hulvg

GanuPaB enaHsb'xMBIerOgGI. Kit@ eTAyl'fabEhlCaelakenaHsb'xMeJHxMFab'eFICaem

sr: ehIyBYksr:knxMenaHlIeQaHsemIm kaleTAvaykugesomrabenaHk*mindg. BI

eJH sUmCabfa sm&yenaHkumxMekItmuneKbgs'k~gsukExr. kMeNItenaHehIyEdlGac

sayPay nS[ekItExrsr:t@ mkeToteJgJt. TSgBYkFab'eFIecar k*mantSgxnCa

sr:Edr Edlsm&yenaHG~ksuk[eQaHKnas'fa Guiser"acak', sr:ecar KWBYkenH

ehIyEdlbn'Lan bn'kV"l' cab'mnusbgab'ykVk' .l. kkUrsuk[ekItclacl G~k

sukPitP&yClcbl'Kb'kEng. G~kxHBIedmeKehAGacar luHeLIgeCarsb'FmesovePA k*

eqtcUlsr:ecar KitEtBIedrdutbMpajKmrdkak~gvtGs' manemsr:eQaHGacar yI Ca

edm G~kTenFMsal'ehIy. sr:duHdUcpit EtmindgCamantmKtitg'NaeT Edlbgaj

[eXIjfaes~haCatienaH ebImansuTEtBYkbn' BYkdutKmrdkaecal edaysb'FmesovePA

ecaTBYkFmesovePAfaFmfy"agenH. BYkenaHKanKitBIrMedaHsukeTsGIeT. Gs'elakekg@

skrekayEdlekItminTan'erOgclacl bgeLIgedayBYkGiuser"acak'enHeT, emIldl'tg'

eNHsUmbjab'gakeTAsYrbJak'cas'@ EdlenAEkr@ xnenHemIlebImineC. G~kenAP~MeBj

enH xHk*VnmkenAedaysarBYkenaHGukLkxSgnasm&yenaHEdr sUmesIubemIlcuHebImineC.

cMENkemsr:eQaH hulvgGanuPaB EdlcSbMVt'rUbxMenaH bEhlCamkBIEkg

xnxMcUleTAtMbn'Kat' xnKat'mankarGab'muxGab'mat'k*mindg eJHxMCaemsr:tSgBIdbUgTI

ehIyFab'lIk~gerOgvayVrSgenAkugesomrabenaH.

Ety"agNak*eday xMFab'sal'critExrxHEdr ehIyxilcg'Q~Hcg'caj' suxcitQb'

cUleTAk~gtMbn'enaHeTA.

bnab'BIenaH xMcUleTAkan'esomrab. KWTIenHehIy EdlnS[xMeXIj dab-QYn sg

KuNxMrebobNaenaH.

tg'eNHehIyEdlxMsresrBIxagedmenaHfa:

dab-QYny"agNaCamYyxMenaH.

[Gs'elakcSemIl

sUmrMlwkeLIgv^jfa dab-QYnVncuHcUlnwgsemcsIhnu enAfTI 1 tula 1949

ehIysemcsIhnuVntemIg dab-QYn CaemT&Btttaextesomrab nigkMBg'FM.

36
xMcUleTArksIuenAextesomrab VncUleTACrabsuMelakdab-QYntampvkar titeK

CabFanenAextenaH. dab-QYn VnTTYledayrIkray niyayfaminGIeT GeJIjrksIutam

smlcuH xMnwg[eKCYyemIlpg kuMBYy.

xMnwkGrKuNdab-QYnsnwk. bu"EnxMkMBugbkbrbrenHminTan'Vnbu"nanpg sab'Et

esctaj'enH rkerOgedaypvsmat' [eKcab'xMykeTAsmab'Etmg. xMdgBtmanenHeday

sarskibIm~ak'enAk~gkgT&Bdab-QYnEdlsLaj'xMesaH

eJHeKBIedmeKCakUnecArbs'xM

Edr eKVnVb'xMfa [bjab'fyeTA titdab-QYnkMBugcat'kar[eKlbcab'xMehIy. xMnwk

hYscitEtmg

erOgenHminxusBIerOgeBgExrEdlniyayBIerOgsICbqa[eTACaxaenaHeT.

erOgenaHEcgfa: tasIciJwmqamYy edaysLaj'qaenaH k*Cbva[kayeTACaxa. xaenHKit

eXIjfa GtItkalrbs'GjCaqa elaktasICbGj teTAebIeKdgfaGjmanedmkMeNItCa

qa GjminbesIreT. edmIkuM[eKdgfaGjBIedmCaqa GjtvEtsmab'sIenaHecal eJH

ebITukKat'[enA smKat'niyayerOgedmkMeNItGj nS[GjefakTab. KitehIyk*bugb

harsI EtsIdgTan'k*eFI[xaenaHkayeTACaqav^jeTA. dab-QYnbEhlCacg'bMVt'GtIt

kalrbs'Kat'CamYyxM eTIbtvEtkMcat'xMenaHg. k*mkBIKaenaHxMBuMVn[kmGIesaHdl'

rUbKat'k*mindg VnCaKat'cgGaXatBaVTdl'f~ak'enH eJHsm&yenaHKat'tvkarsYysar

Gakrsnwksnab'Nas' efAEkcinBinKb'@ K~atvEtEsneBnKat'Kansl'kalmYy.
xMminGacenAVnk*nSK~IK~acakecjBIextesomrabbjab'bjal'.

enHehIyerOgxMCa

mYyelakdab-QYn EdlekaymkeKsal'eQaHfa dab-QYnmleBC enaH.

xMmkenAP~MeBjv^j ehIyKitfarkrbrNa[Vnsl kuM[cmgcmasdUcenHeTot.

ehIyerOg neyaVy xMBuMePceT dUceKejnnwgGaePondUec~aHEdr. xMVncUlbemIKNbk

neyaVyenAedmq~S

1950

rhUt

1951

EdlxMnwgsresrCmabteTAeTotenACBUkxag

ekay. xMsUmbJak'enATIenH[ehIyfa tSgBIenABrhUtcUlsukv^j xMVnsMKal'eXIjfa

BYkenAsukKMnitemniym pac'karniym kab'smab'K~a mandUcK~a dUcCaBYkenAk~gBEdr dEdl

CadEdl. enHehIycritExr!

R
R

37

xMcUlKNbkbCaFibety
k~geBlEdlxMVncUlmksukv^jenH ExreyIgmanKNbkneyaVy tamlkN:

bCaFibetyEdrehIy tamrdFmnuJEdlTg'sIusuvti yutivg nig elak eGov-ekIs Vn

ksageLIg. q~SEdlxMcUlmkenaH KNbkEdlxMGacrMlwkVnenAeBlenaHKW:

-

KNbkbCaFibety

elak eGov-ekIs

KNbkesrIPaB

nrinedt
-

rUbVsaTkMBUlbICasJalkN_,

KNbkexmrbu"n~kar

ln'-nl'
-

KNbktMekIgbCaCati
elakEy"m-sMbUr

rUbkaldrIkan'paQUkbICasJalkN_,

dknSeday

dknSedayTg'

rUbnagKggBHFrNICasJalkN_

neratm

dknSedayelak

rUbhnumanTEpnTIsukExrCasJalkN_dknSeday

KNbkcMerInCati rUbBjTmHkgbYn rbs'elak Ca C^nkuk

KNbksanmanC&y rUbTg'CatiBIrExgK~aTmd CasJalkN_rbs'elak em"A

cy
-

KNbkrYbrYmCati

KNbkbCaCn rUbng&lCasJalkN_

KNbk rUbsMbukXMrbs'elak m"m suT (minEmn m"m suT TutiymiLvenHeT)

KNbk rUbkeNv

KNbkrUbkNab'sv- sM ejn Caem .

38
FmtaG~kneyaVy EtgejnnwgerOgneyaVy y"agNamij rUbxMEdlFab'Cab'Kuk

eJHerOgneyaVyk*enAEtcg'bLkk~gElgenHEdr.

xagKNbkbCaFibety manK~IK~axMCaecInVncUlbMerI manelak V"c-QWn, Cu-

mYg CaedmEdlFab'EtrYmskmPaBneyaVytSgBIq~S 1936 mkenaH. xMmkdl'Pam elak

miuj-NaKI nigelak Cu-mYg VnmkCYbxM ehAxM[cUlKNbkbCaFiety. manxagKN

bkeTotEdr EdlmkTak'Tg EtxMBuMVncUl xMTTYlcUlxagKNbkbCaFibety Edl

manK~axMecInsab'. xMk*VnCYbpal'nigelak eGov-ekIs bMerIKNbkbCaFibetytmk.

sUmrMlwkfa nItikalTI 1 nsPaCatiEdlebIksm&yBIf 21 Ex mkra 1948 sma

C^kPaKecInCaKNbkbCaFiety (kaldrI). sPaCatiEdlmankrNIykickarJrrdFm-

nuJ karJrlTibCaFiety EtgEttvrgGMeBIC^HCan'rbs'hgsIhnuCanic. rdFmnuJEdl

VnbkasebIBIq~S 1947 rhUtmkEtgrGak'rGYlCanic bNalmkBIescsIhnuEdlKan

TsBiFraCFmesaH ecHEtEkrdFmnuJtLb'tLinkarJrEtbeyaCn_nigzan:kt.

ehIydgy"agNaeT? edayminsbaycitnwgKNbkbCaFibety EdlmanbCa

biyPaBCagxn BmTSgeFIkarminsUvsbnwgbMNgxnenaH, enAfTI 17 kJa 1949 esc

sIhnuVnbkasrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 1 enaHeTA.

karenaHeFI[bCaCnExr Vt'mat'Vt'kElghankkKEhmtwmeNaH xacsab'eday

sarBHkruNaCaGmas'Cv^telItg.

ehIyeKdgfa

emIleTABwtikarN_sukeTsmuxCamin

sUvEbblcbUkcbl'GIteTAeToteT. bu"Enmansb'Na enAfesAr_ 14 mkra 1950

sab'EtBwtikarN_mYyekIteLIgdUcrnH eFI[G~kP~MeBjPak'epl rhUtdl'sukEscMkarniKm

CnbT KWdNwgmrNPaBnelak eGov-ekIs GtItbFansPaCati bcbn~GKelxaFikar

KNbkbCaFibety EdltvCnm~ak'eVHKab'EbkeFIXatelak enATIs~ak'karKNbkb

CaFibety elx 67 pvkj"apg C^tkac'Cgv^f 9 tulasBfenH.

sUmCmabfa q~SEdlelak eGov-ekIs TTYlmrNPaBenaH elak Ey"m-sMbUr

CanaykrdmnI, elak ecA-Esnkusl CardmnIksYgyutiFm, nigmanelak tan'-Kimtwk

CaemKij, elak esg-TiB Caemb"UlIsenAtMbn'parf EdlmannaTIemIleTAdl'pvkj"apg

enaHpg.

eKG~kkugP~MeBjTSgmUl kaleNaHswgEtyl'faelak eGov-ekIs sab'enHKWeday

KemagbXatrbs'escsIhnuEtmg.

eJHBHGgnigBYkbrivarelak

BuMEmncg'eXIjCv^t

elak eGov-ekIs rs'enAkarJrrdFmnuJ karJrlTibCaFietyenaHkalNa.

KaEdlsmab'elak eGov-ekIs sab'ehIy eKEbrCaeTAcab'smaC^kKNbkesrI-

PaBm~ak' eQaH nUy"a enAbwgbyabykmkvaysYrcemIy vaybg[eqIyfaxnBitCaXatkr

eFIXatelak eGov-ekIs. kaleNaHG~kP~MeBjxwbexvK~afa: neyaVyenaHeqItNas'

Tat'mYyVnBIrEtmg

VnesckIfaeKsmab'embCaFietyehIy

eKdEdlh~wgeFI[xag

KNbkesrIPaBenaH Cab'erOgra"veTAEdr. G~kP~MeBjyl'fa erOgh~wgfnEP~ksuTsaF eJH

39
xagKNbkrgeKaHKannwkeXIjfaKNbkesrIPaBCaKUbqSgmksgswkEbbenHpgeT. xM

mkCYbehtukarN_d*semImenH k*Pak'xndUceKknak' nwkfa {! neyaVyBYkk~gsuk minxus

BIneyaVyBYkk~gBEdlxMFab'rs'enACamYyenaHbu"naneT.

kab'smab'K~atGaNit

dUcxM

VnniyayTukmkehIy enHehIycritExr! ebIrvl'Etbkab'bcak' bMVt'Cv^tK~ay"agenH man

eBlNanwgksagsukeTs? ksagbeyaCn_rYmekIt? hWu Gkusl!

xMEdleTIbEtVncUlk~gKNbkbCaFibety k*dUcCaVnmkTTYlmrNsJa nig

CYyEhsBelakGtItbFan eGov-ekIs Etmg. sBelak eGov-ekIs tvVndEgykeTA

tMkl'enAeKhdanelak enApvPatrPaB (GtItsIusuvti) mat'Ten pHelx 233 xagtgvtEkv

BHePIg eFIbuNTkiNanubTanGs' 7 yb' 7 f. ehIyenAfTI 22 mkra 1950 sBrbs'

elaktvdEgCakny"agmehaLarik

eqaHeTAbUCaenAvtbTumvtI .

kndEgenaHKKwkKeKg

(rUbft 1 : mQUssBktm eGov-ekIs VnbugebobdEgecj)

(minmanlTPaBdak'CUn)

semImNas' xMtvKN:kmkarbuN cat'[nSmuxknEdldEgbt'EbntampvCaecInnakug

P~MeBj KWecjBIeKhdansBpvPatrPaB (GtItpvsuIsuvti) tg'eTAxagtg bt'eTAlic dl'

(rUbft 2 : kndEgsB ktm eGov-ekIs fTI 22 mkra q~S1950)
(minmanlTPaBdak'CUn)

(rUbft 3 : BiFIbgkUl enAmuxmnIrsPaCatism&yenaH)

(minmanlTPaBdak'CUn)

pv 9 tulasBf k*edrtampvenHmkxageCg mkdl'pvsWnKuysBf k*edrtamenHrhUtdl'

mat'Ten pvPatrPaBv^j. rYcknk*tdeNIrsnwm@tampvenH rhUtdl'pvkj"aQun eTIb

bt'cUlmklicv^j mkdl'muxmnIrsPaCati knVnQb' ehIynimnBHsgbgkUlCUnsB

enATIenaHedaysgUtsgat'. bnab'mkeTIbkntdeNIrtampvkj"aQunmkliceTot eTIb

cUleTAtgtampvvtbuTmvtIeTAQb'enAQabndanvtbuTmvtIenaH edmIbUCa. G~kenAP~MeBj

cUlrYbrYmk~gknenHCaecInkumCaecInBYk bkbedayTwkmuxekomkMCaTIbMput. karmYyeTot

EdlTukdUcCaGsarbnicEdr KWeBldEgsBenaH tMkl'elIV"qaVnbnic BHPiruNbgrcuHmk

rYcemXsTuMsTn'dUcCaecHkan'Tuk cMeJHmrNPaBrdbursExrenHEdr. Gs'elakenAP~MeBj

cas'@ GacnwgniyayerOgenHeLIgv^jVn sUmbn@ skrenHsaksYrelakpgcuH.

sm&yenaH, elak eGov-ekIs Vt'bg'Cv^teTA, etIsartIsLaj'lTibCaFiety

rbs'rasExrcuHfy? etIKNbkbCaFibety (kaldrI) cuHfykmSg? minEmneT! py

BIvtbMNgrbs'BBYkraCniym pac'karniym GaNaniKmniym Edlcg'bMVt'lTibCaFib-

40

(rUbft 4 : BiFIbUCasB ktm eGov-ekIs)

(minmanlTPaBdak'CUn)

ety nigKNbkbCaFibety rasExrrwtEtmansartIPWfaeLIgmYykMriteTot sLaj'

lTienHxSgeLIg eJHeKyl'fa {! lTienHmantmNas'etI smab'GjCarasenaH! dUec~H

eTIbeKsmab'elak

eGov-ekIs

ecalkuM[elakCYykarJrGjekIt

ggt K fg'eTArab'stvteTot kuM[egbPWsagekIt.

kalebIrasExryl'y"agh~wgehIy

EdlrassLaj'y"agelIslub.

KNbkbCaFibety

R
R

eKcg'TukGjCaras

k*kayeTACaKNbk

41

xMnigKukneyaVymgeTot
cUlmkk~gq~S 1951 KNbkneyaVyVnmanskmPaBCaf edaybCaCatiExrtv

kar[manGgkarnItibJtieLIgv^j.
KNbkbCaFibety

CaKNbkEdlQrCYrmuxKNbkeTot

edayrasFab'

sal'nigsLaj'. cMeJHrUbxMBuMmanBenIseT kareXasnaeVHeq~at dUcCakarkMsanbuNTan

(rUbft 5 : kareXasnarbs'KNbkbCaFibetysm&yenaH)
(minmanlTPaBdak'CUn)

suTsaF titxMniyayeXasnamg@ kEngNak*edayeKTHdGbGrsaTrBuMEdlxan. ma"g

eTot eKFab'lIfa xM buNcn-mu"l Fab'Cab'KukekaHtLac Fab'ksagkMeNItsr:. em"aH

ehIyeKrab'GanxSgNas'cMeJHras.

sPaCatinItikalTI 2 k*tvVnekAGImkxagKNbkbCaFibetyy"agecIn Edl

manrUbxMk~genaHm~ak'Edr. nItikalsPaCatiTI2 enHVnebIksm&ybCuenAfTI 4 tula 1951 .

ehIyenAfTI 12 tula 1951 KN:rdmnIf EdlPaKecInxagbCaFibety ehIy

EdldknSedayelak huy Knl CanaykenaH VnnSsmaC^kmkbgajxncMeJHsPapg.

(rUbft 6 : ebIksm&ybCusPaCatiTI 2 sm&yenaH. rUbBIeqgeTAsS : CYrxagmux elak sWn-san,

Tg' navg . CYrxagekay : elak Cu-mYg, xM buNcn-mu"l .)
(minmanlTPaBdak'CUn)

sPaCatieFIkarbemIEttmKtiCatidEdl karJrEtlTibCaFibetydEdl k*minVn

suxsYlesaH

ecHEtTTYlkarsgt'sg^nrbs'escsIhnudrab.

ehIyVnEtCagmYyq~S

42
bu"eNaH edayeyIgecHEtcecsrwgTTwgnwgBHGgxSgeBk enAfTI 13 mkra 1953 BHGg

ebIGMNacpac'karrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2 enaHeTA. xM buNcn-mu"l nigG~kbqSgecj

muxecInK~a tvdeCgBHGgcab'GUskalbJlKukk~geBlenaHeTA. Cv^txM, Cab'KukelIkTI2

nwgelIkenHehIy!. {! GnicakmKuk, GIk*G~ksLaj'xMem"H? Vt'muxxMyUrminVn? kalBIq~S

1942 xMVnmkCYbnwgG~kmgehIy ehIyhYsrhUteTAekaHtLac, Lvq~S 1953 xMmkenH

mgeTot ehIymindgCanwgeTANaeToteT?

xMcUlKukelIkTI 2 enH Vnsegtk~gKukFMrbs'ExrKanxusBICnan'q~S 1942 eT rebob

EbbbTeFITaruNkmmnusenAdEdl. ehIyxMsegteXIjeKpalmnusedayv^FIEbk@ dUcCa

eKykG~keTaseTAcgepabnwgKl'say[GggecamxS EskrkBueTa!

enHCacritG~kdknSrdExr KanEkEbrebobesaH enAEtcas'KmwlBpdEdl. xMTS

rs'enAk~gKukGkuslGs'eBl 8Ex 20f eTIbmanvasnarMedaHrYcmkv^j.

xMsUmrMlwkerOgmYy. muneBlrYcBIkarXuMXSg xMBmTSgmitCaecIn VnTTYlesckI

ekAkhaytUccit

cMeJHemneyaVyKNbkbCaFietydUcK~a

EdleKmanvasnalmin

Cab'Kuk eKcUleTAVs&ynwgBYkxMenAk~gKuk eKeJlbenasBYkxMfa: Gs'elakeXIjeT?

Gs'elakmineCOxM, xMVnrMlwkecInelIkecInKaehIyfa kuMbqSgnigBHkruNaCaGmas'Cv^t

elItg[esaH, BYkelakminsab'xMeT LvTal'EtGIcwgeTA! bu"EnminGIeT Gs'elaknwgVnrYc

xnk~geBlqab'@ enHehIy!

En! vaeTACaGIcwg, KYrNas'EtmklYgelamelIkTwkcitK~a mindUec~aHEbrCamkbenas

dUceKykePIgmkcak'elITg! enHcritExrvaGIcwg!

tSgBIecjBIKukkalNa xMnwktUccitcMeJHxngy"agxSgEdlBIenaHmkenH KanVn

suxslesaH Cv^txMCaCv^tmansuTEtbnacgcagcmgcmasCanic Kukcvak'Cab'EkgKYr

[sb'Esg. xMdUcCaGs'kmSgnwgbemICv^tneyaVytwmeNH. xMehvht'Nas'ehIy. xM

k*VndkxnBICv^tenHmYyKa

ehIyEbrCamkxitxMbkbrbrTTYlTanciJwmCv^tnwgKsarv^j

mg edaybkbrbrJNiCkmy"agsitsajbLkbU"kV"kCamYycineBjTMhwg drabVnman

CvPaBsmrmCamnusnwgeKluHsBf. bu"EneTaHbIlak'xnElgeFIneyaVy KitEtrksIuk*

eday k*xMecHEttamkt'sMKal'sankarN_sukExrCadEdlEdr eJHdUcVnCabehIy G~k

cUlvg'neyaVy eTaHbIXatBIvg'eTAehIyk*eday EtgEtlbemIleKG~kf EdlkMBugEtkan'

karrdenaHCadrab. karsMxan'@ EdlxMkt'sMKal' ehIyEdlxMecHEtsmfarbbrbs'esc

sIhnu muxCanwgmanehtuGakk'enAfNamYy edayeyIgCarasTSenAElgVn tvEtruHerI
enaHKW

escsIhnuyktMENgnaykrdmnImkkan' bnab'BIrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2

q~S 1953 .
-

mkBIelakelaPGMNac

Nak*Vn.

vatykGMNacrdKb'ya"gmkkan'

edmIjak'ejaceTA

43
-

escsIhnudak'tMENgraC[escBukesayraCCYsteTA 1955, elakcUlb

Lkk~gneyaVy[Vnkb'd;
Gs' edayGanuPaBelak.

KNbkEdleFIsbtamrdFmnuJtvrlay@

tg'eNHmkBIelakxacrlayraCbl&gpg

m~ak'gpg.

mYyeTotsemcsIhnueXareXANas'

cg'Bgkmuxmat'[manbCabiyPaBEt

citmintg'bg'sc:eFIVbBYkKNbkbCa

FietysemIm. enAfTI 11 sIha 1957 semcsIhnuVnbkas[KN:kmkarkNaln

KNbkbCaFibety cUleTAk~gBHbrmraCvSgCnMuenABHTInSgePaCnIy edmecaTeqIyGMBI

vtbMNgrbs'KNbkbCaFibety.

pal'

eBlenaHmanmnusecInJn'nak'

v^TCatik*manpaybn[G~ksab'eTotpg.

VncUleTAsab'

xagKNbkbCaFibetymanrUb

elak say-sUr CabFan, elak tan'-KImhYn, Tg'neratm-PUrisra, elak Ekv-mu"gKI,

elak KS-er"t CasmaCik. k~g{kasebIksm&ybCurYc semcsIhnubkasy"agmWugm"at'fa

suM[Gs'elakxagKNbk kuMbIPitP&yBYyVrm[esaHk~gerOgeKeFIVbepg@, xMsuMFana

TSgGs'faKannrNab"HJl'elakeT elakniyayGIniyay[tg'@ eTAcuH kuMBYy!

eBlbCuenaH cab'BIem"ag 9 rhUtdl'em"ag 13:40 eTIbcb' KNbkbCaFibety

VnbgajnUveKalbMNgEdlrkalTibCaFietysbtamrdFmnuJBitVkd eFI[semc

sIhnuminsbaycitesaHeLIy. BYkEqCabrivarsIhnuv^j qab'yl'BHT&ysIhnuCamas'

Nas'eTAeTot BYkenaHcS[Etcb'eBlbCunwgeramxSBYkGs'elakKNbkbCaFibety[
k&yEtmg. Emn, sIhnuCamas'rbs'vahamEtmat'eT k~gcitKWBnHvaCaEq[cStVk'kal
eKCaesc. Kan'EtCnuMcb'Pam elak say-sUr, elak Ekv-m"ugKI, Tg'neratm-PUrisra

ecjtamTarxageCgk*tvBYkenaH EskeCrmaytay{BukdUcCaBYkVtparGavaEs BmTSg

B&TKb'dufeJgJt eTAelIelak say-sUr dNMCageK tSgBIk~gvSgrhUtekAvSgEbkmux

Ebkmat'Gs'. elak tan'-KimhYn nigelak KS-er"t ecjeTATarxagekItrYcxn bu"EnVnP&yB

lwgcugsk'mintic. enHCalkN:eTIsX~grbs'semcsIhnu EdlcUlciteVkbeJateK[

sab'tamKMnitefakTab.

- escsIhnueLIgeCar edayecHEtsab'JkbeJarrbs' cin-yYn kumynis k*sb'

GaemrikSgcak'[VtukrvayTUtGaemrikSg

1962

ehIykat'TUtBIGaemrik,

GBakitcak'

EfveTAxagkumynis edayxMykcitkumynis kuM[kumynisbMVt'raC ebIkalNakumy-

niscUlmkdl'.

rasyl'fa

erOgenHmkBIelakxackumynisEdlCastvnwgesc

smab'elak eTIbelakelgpvlYgykcit[ehIy.

cUlmkkab'

cugcb' Gs'smtPaBnwgsarsukeTsEdlman{nPaB fv^kaFak'sutdl'Vtdal

bNalmkBIkarKb'Kgrbs'xnEdlecHEtcayBuMecHrk, sIhnuk*tSgxMeFIkun eFIelan begt

emdaylk'rykluy rhUtdl'ebIkkasIuNUq~S 1969 nS[rasGnrayhinehacmintic.

44
edaysankarN_sukkan'Etliclg'sswmenH ehIyEdlmanyYneyokkugecarkeBIbvti-

sasbcSCati kMBugEthamat'bugtVk'elbykeTApgenH sIhnucMbb'EmnETn cg'edaHd

BITMnYlxustv k*tSgehAelak ln'-nl' sirImt: [mkCYysarnavakmCaenH eday[nam

rdaPiVlelak ln'-nl' fa rdaPiVlesacsg'Cati (Gouvernement de Sauvetage) ehIy

[TTYlxustvcMeJHmuxbvtisas (ExsIha 1969).

kt'sMKal'CalMdab'mkbu"eNH xMecHEtnwkmmfa minyUreT sukExrmuxCanwgPan'Eb

minxaneT. kMBugKit sab'Etkg! fTI 18 mIna 1970 BwtikarN_bvtisaspHeLIg sPa

CatiEdlCatMNagbCaCatiExrTSgmUl

EdlCasParbs'escsIhnurbs'sgmrasniym

VneVHeq~atCakcnTMlak'semcsIhnuBIbmuxrdExr!

Emn! esckIsmrbs'xMVnedrdl'PaBBitehIy. xMmanGMNrrkJkniyayBuMVn!

BWxncMeJHsartIPak'rlwknGs'elakvrCneyIg bJvneyIg BHsgeyIg bCaBlrd

eyIg EdlrYmK~akMcat'sIhnu empac'kartMNagrbbraCniymcugekayenH[xat'eTAVn. Et

bu"eNH sIhnuGs'lkN_ehIy ehIyebIGactLb'cUlmksukv^jVn sIhnuGs'manPaB

Caxa CaraCsIh_eTotehIy EtKWCaqamYybu"eNaH. xMyl'Caesc.

edayxwgeXarnwgeKTmak'xn esckenenHEdlsitenAeb"kSgsab'pg manlTPaB

Kb'Kan'nwgeFIkarsgswkmkelIExr

k*BnHyYneyokkugeyokNamxageCgEdlmansab'

enAelIdExr [vayExrKKwkKeKgEtmg nacugExmIna 1970 nigt@ mk.

Tl'nwgsankarN_bfucj"cenH elakesnabmux ln'-nl' VnEfgsarhaehAExr

[CYybyuT ehIyelakbmUlG~kneyaVyKb'nin~akarTSgGs' [cUlCYysabnaCatiCa

mYynwgelak. KaenaHTwkcitExr QamExrG~kcmSg mankareBjcitcMeJHelakesnabmux

ln'-nl' y"agxSg Tahan 24 em"agekIteLIgeJgJtCYysuk. erOgenHGs'elakPaK

ecInNas'VndgVncSTukEdr.

rUbxMtvelakesnabmux ln'-nl' naykrdmnI nigCanayGKesnaFikarkgeyaF

BlexmrCati haehAeTAbMJk'skizan:CavresniytI bMerIkgT&BteTA.

KWxMeBjcitNas'eTAehIy

esacsg'Catiy"ageBjTMhwg.

enaH eBlenHtvEtpuseLIgv^j.
-

edayxMVnman{kasnwgbMerIneyaVyfrbs'rdaPiVl

xMEdllak'xnBYnGataGs'kalC^tmq~Sk~grbbraCniym

ExsPa 1971 xMVntvEtgtSgCaGnurdelxaFikarksYgFmkar

f 28 mIna 1972 xMVntvEtgtSgCabkarInelakesnabmux ln'-nl'

bFanaFibtI

ehIyExkJa 1972 xMVncUlrYmk~gKNbksgmsaFarNrd drabCab'eq~atCa

smaC^ksPaCatinItikalTImYysBfenH.

erOgcUlKNbkenH maneKdNwgsYrfaehtuGIVnCaxMcUl ecalKNbkbCaFib

etyrbs'xMBImun?

45
xMsUmCrabk~gvg'kckfa edayxMsegteXIjeKalbMNgnKNbkenHsmrmlm

[rYbrYmCamYyekItenHma"g ma"geTot cg'cUleTACYytEmtmg'ExrK~aeyIg[eqaHeTATisEt

mYypg. xMminyl'esaH cMeJHG~kxHEdlecHEtmanH minCYyK~aesaH edayKitEtBICYyKN

bkeTAv^j cg'Catiliclg'dl'Nadl'NIk*eday. G~kkan'karrdenaHCaK~aeK Gjminrvl'eTA

eboteT cSKNbkGj K~aGjeLIgkan'karswmGjrvl'CamYy.

xMminEdlKitdUec~HeT

ehIycMeJHmitxMxagKNbkbCaFibety

k*xMminEdlecal

Edr minEdlsb'eT enAEttamrab'Gan enAEtsLaj' TahrN_cas'sBelak V"c-QWn

(f16tula1971) sBelak Cu-mYg (BIf11mIna1973) KWmanrUbxMCaG~kcat'EcgelIkdak'

erobcMedaypal'@

Edr.

eyIgEbkBIKNbkKan'EtCakarpas'briyakas

Exgeyabl'K~a

bu"eNaH TidPaBneyaVyeyIg bkan'ykdEdldUcK~ak~gerOgbeTsCati enAsukGaemrik

manG~kxHecjBIKNbkbCaFibety eTAcUlKNbksaFarNrd GIcwgEdr. xMyl'fa

vadUcCaTuTid^niymeBk ebIeyIgbkan'EtKNbkmYy@.

LvxMsUmv^lEbrmkeJlGMBIcritExr ekay 18 mIna 1970 tmkeTotenH etIman

xusEbkbu"nanBIrbbraCniymeT? pas'Etrbb bu"Enmnusmanpas'TSgGs'K~aNa? xYrkal

Exr critExr manpas'Na? KMnitcg'FMdac'Etg, KMnitriHKn'Q~anIsK~a, KMnitkab'smab'bMVt'

Cv^tK~a, KMnitbTUsr"ayK~aKanQb'Qr, KMnitbkBYkniym Gjniym, emIlgayeK GaenaH

minekIt GaenHminepH GaenHGIecH GaenaHGIcuH mindl'BYkeyIgeT, .l. nig .l. enAman

dEdlk~gsgmExr.

R
R

46

etIrbbfenH
Exrmanpas'
xMsUmrMlwkeLIgv^j

eT

nUvehtukarN_TSgLayEdls[eXIjfa

bqSgK~adUcEdlniyaymkehIyenHdUcteTA

eyIgecHEtmancrit

k~gq~S 1970 mundbUgvrCneyIg bCaBlrdeyIgrYbrYmK~alNas'. TSgelak sWg-

g"ukfaj' bmuxclnaExresrIk*VncUlrYbrYmnwgGs'elakvrCn 18 mInaEdr BmTSgbJnkg

T&BelIkdbUg bImWunnak'mkCYyesacsg'kmCapg [qgputBIeKaHf~ak'CadbUgd. TSgGs'

K~aeFIGIeFICamYyK~a Kanr{szanesaHeLIy drabdl'bkasbeTsExrCasaFarNrd kalBI

f 9 tula 1970 eTot. stvecamvayeyIgeJgJt bu"EnsartIeyIgKanejacj&r

cMeJHxSgbu"naneT

eyIgsgmfa

Nas' TSgvrCn TSgbCaBlrd.

GacnwgkMcat'stveTAv^jVn.

eyIgmansamKImutmS

bu"EnCaGkuslrbs'eyIgExr cUlmkq~S 1971 Exkum: elak ln'-nl' tvmanCm

xUcdeqgeCgeqg ehIytvecjeTABaVlenAbreTs rhUtdl'fTI 12 emsa eTIbtLb'

mkv^j. sankarN_k~gsukdUcCalk'xl'eJHenAfTI 20 emsa 1971 elak ln'-nl'

dak'JksuMlaElgBIdENgnaykrdmnI cMeJHelak ecg-ehg bmuxrd. f 21 emsa

47
elak ecg-ehg GnuJattamJksuMrbs'elak ln'-nl' EtelaksuM[elak ln'-nl'

erobcMKN:rdmnI.
-

f 23 emsa enAv^manrdcMkarmn elakbmuxrd edaymansPaTSgBIr nigrdmnI

eXasnakarcUlrYmpg

bl'erOgv^btiKN:rdmnI.

VnCYbsnnaCamYyGgkarsarBtmanCatiedmIbreya

f 28 emsa elak ln'-nl' CUndNwgeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elakBuMGac

erobcMKN:rdmnIVneT.
-

f 29 emsa edayelak nl'-nl' BuMGacEtgtSgKN:rdmnIVn elakbmuxrd

ekayBIVnBieKaHCamYybFanrdsPa nigbFankumbwkasaFarNrd (kal

eNaHehAdUec~aH) k*Vnes~Ielak suIsuvti sirimt: [erobcMKN:rdmnI. elak

sirimt: fa cSKitemIlsin.

fTI 30 emsa elak sirimt:tbeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elaksayNas'

edayBMuGacEtgtSgKN:rdmnIfVn BIeJH TI 1 elakCardmnIcas'cg'[

G~kfkan'karmg, TI 2 sukkMBugekItsgamrvl'eFIsgam. elak ecg-ehg

Gs'pvk*es~IeTAelak CYb-Ehl GtItbFanrdsPa [EtgtSgKN:rdmnI.

fTI 1 sPa elak CYb-Ehl eqIytbeTAv^jfaelakBuMGaceCserIsKN:rd

mnIVneT. elak ecg-ehg k*cat'[elak Giun-tS bFansPaCatieCstSg

KN:rdmnI.

f 3 sPa elak Giun-tS VneqIytbfaelakBuMGaceCstSgKNrdmnIVn

eT.

eTAeNHBuMGaceTAeNaHBuMGac

k*tSgbCuTSgGs'K~aEtmg

KWelak

ecg-ehg,

elak ln'-nl', elak suIsuvti sirimt:, elak Giun-tS, elak Gug-swum. TSgGs'K~atmv
[elak ln'-nl' eCstSgKN:rdmnI.
TMrSEtniyaytvK~a

elgTeT.
-

BmeFIkarCamYyK~a

eyIgmanv^btiKN:rdmnIGs'eBlknHEx

fTI 5 sPa smaC^knKN:rdmnI VncUleTAbgajxnenATIsIkarnaykrd

mnI. smaC^ksMxan' KWelak ln'-nl' CanaykrdmnI, elak sirimt: Canayk

btiPU, elak Giun-tS CabnaykrdmnITI 1, elak sux-qug Cabnayk

rdmnITI 2, elak hg-Funhak' bnaykrdmnITI 3.

Gs'elakG~kenAkt'sMKal'eXIjfa Gs'elakvrCnTSgGs'enH enArYbrYmK~aKYrsresIr.

k~gExmifuna-kkda bJaxHGgrVnecaTeLIgKYr[BWkalrhUtdl'Fak'elak Xwg-

flI BIdENgrdmnIksYgsahkm nig pl'PsPar.

48
kwt 468/71br cuHf 29-5-71

tSgKN:kmkarcMruHTUlMTUlay TTYlbnkerob

cMesckIJgedmrdFmnuJnsaFarNrdExrmansmaC^k 3 nak' tMNagGgkarrdnimYy@ nig

smaKmnimYy@. ry:eBleFIrdFmnuJ : 3 Ex.

f 16 mifuna 1971 em"ag 9 Bwk elak sirimt: VnebIkBiFI (bkasnaykelx

1111-71) [KN:kmkarcab'eFIkarrbs'xn. KN:kmkarcMruHmansmaC^kTSgGs' 231

nak' EdlmanxM buNcn-mu"l m~ak'pgtMNagBuTiksmaKmmCmNlsaFarNrd. KN:km

karcMruHedaymanelak mas-sam CaBwTbFanbeNaHGasn~ VneVHeq~ateCserIsb

Fan GnubFanTSgBIrnigKN:kmkarEtgesckI 15 nak'. lTplnkareVHeq~at KW bFan

elak sU-ENm, GnubFanTI1 elak Duk-r"asuI, GnubFanTI 2 elak Tij-va"j.

KN:kmkarcMruHenHVneFIkary"agskmmk.

f 6 sIha 1971 elak sirimt: eTAshrdGaemrik rhUtdl'f 30 sIha eTIb

tLb'mkv^j VneCaKC&ytcHtcg'.
-

fesAr_ TI 4 kJa elak sirimt: VneFIsn~isITmYyraykarN_GMBIlTplEdl

elakVneTATak'TgnwgshrdGaemrik ehIyelakfa [EteyIgrYbrYmK~ay"agl

teTAeTot eKnwgkan'EtCYyeyIgeTreLIgeTot. sab'elak sirimt: nS[sbay

citNas'. KWtvEtsamKI bu"EnTnwmnwgeBlenaH mindgehtudUcemc sab'EtenA

rdsPaeNaH tMNagras 36 nak' eFIjtisuMdkelak Ey"m-sMbUr ecjBI

tMENgbFan.
-

f 16 ExkJa 1971, ekayBIeBlCECkK~aEbkEpgmk k~gerOgTmak'elak

Ey"m-sMbUr rdsPaeVHeq~atsmat'man 24 semg[Tmak'tamjti man 31

semg[Tuk. dUec~Helak Ey"m-sMbUr enAteTAeTot. CECkK~aenaHnS[mnusEbk

samKImintic. bnab'enaH enAesm@ sab'Etf 24 kJa elak Giun-tS EdlCa

bnaykrdmnITI 1 nigCatmesniytIenaH tvdkecjBItENgTSgGs' br

tMENgenHCUneTAelak Twm-gYn qy. bCaCnExrEbbesk edayql'. yI! Gs'
elakFM@ em"ck*edjK~aecalFUrem"H?

kwtelx 570/71br cuHf 4-10-71 KN:kmkarcmuHEtgrdFmnuJ tvVn

BnaeBl 2 Ex teTAeTot bu"EnmindgehtudUcemc sab'Etmankwtelx 609/

71br cuHf 16-10-71 begtsPaFmnuJ edaybJlsPaTSgBIr cab'tSgBI

f 18 tula 1971 teTA.

KN:rdmnIeCserIsEfmf KWelak Twm-gYn bnaykrdmnITI 1 TTYlbnkTIsI

karnaykrdmnI

nigkarsmbsmlxagmhap

saFarNkar nigeTBekaslCnbT.
-

snisuxCati

elak qn-suxum eTsrdmnIksYgsahkmnigsbiykm.

FmkaryutiFm

elaktmesniytI zabNag^n~ rdmnIksYgmhap snisuxCati nigkmkar.

49
-

elak m"aLay-exm rdmnIksYgJNiCkm nigpl'PsPar.

fTI 20 tula BHsgenAP~MeBjVneFIVtukmsb'sat'enAmuxvtGaram TamTar[

elak ln'-nl' eFIbmuxrd BmTSgbiTJkesak suM[tmwmtmg'nUvkickarrdTSgLay

EdlelgeXgXat.
-

fTI 8 v^cika 1971 elak ecg-ehg ebIkBiFIbkasCapvkarnUvsPaFmnuJ.

eBlenaHsPaFmnuJeVHeq~ateCstSgbFannigGnubFan VnlTpl elak

Giun-tS CabFan, elak Bin-yWn CaGnubFanTI 1, elak ekIt-KIhag Gnu

bFanTI 2.

eyIgeXIjfa elak Guin-tS EdleKhUtgarenaH tvmanmuxecjmkeTottamry:sPa

FmnuJenH.

sUmCmabfa

sankarN_swkeBlenaH

eyIgvayeTAkan'extkMBg'FM

VneTAdl'P~M

snk sab'Etfymkv^jkak@ Gs'rlIg ehIysankarN_xaglicP~MeBj (TYlelob) k*

kemIky"agFn'FrBYyVrm EtVnFUreTAv^jenAcugExF~ 1971 enaH.

sgmfa q~S 1972 EbbVnsl bu"EnmindUec~aH EbrCamanerOgt@ eTot :

- fTI 8 mina 1972 sab'Etmanjtirbs'nisitmhav^Tal&ynItisas nig

v^Tasasesdkic CUnsPaFmnuJ sUmes~ImuWgma"t' min[dak'k~gkal:eTs:NaEdl

kareVHeq~atBuMGacbBwteTAVnenaH

buKlNamanQamC&rCaesc[kan'tMENgFM@

rbs'saFarNrdExr dUcmanEcgxagekamenH
1- bFanaFibtI

2- GnubFanaFibtI

3- naykrdmnI rdmnI

4- nayGKesnaFikarkgeyaFBlexmrCati

f 9 miIna nisitbCuy"agFMenAsalsn~isITctumux ehAfasmaCyuvCn manbiT

bdaeJgJtsuTEtJkesakfa : kuMPryuvCn, GFas&ymnusBukrlYyKW

kt'Cati, kuMEckGMNacdUcEcknMK~asIu .l.

enATIbJb' smaCsemcfa :

eyIgCayuvCnElgTukcitrdaPiVlelaktmesniy sirimt: ehIy

EskeLIgf 10 mIna 1972 enAkMEBgvtekaH vtlga manbdaKSTesckIsMerccit

rbs'smaCyuvCn. k~glacenaH elak ecg-ehg Efgtamv^Tfa elakGs'lTPaBnwgbMerI

beTsk~gzan:CabmuxrdteTAeTotehIy elaksuMeprzan:enHeTAelak ln'-nl' v^j.

minEtbu"eNaH em"ag 21 yb' elak ln'-nl' k~gsarrbs'elak EdlTTYlzan:

bmuxrdBIelak ecg-ehg elakk*Vn[sPaFmnuJQb'cb'skmPaBeTAEdr.

50
En! vaeTACaGIcwg nisitminTukcitelak sirimt: vaeTACaGs'manelak ecg-ehg

ehIymkrlIgsPaFmnuJ! sKsajsemIm!
-

f 12 mIna elakbmuxrd ln'-nl' VnEfgsarEkEbzan:bmuxrd [eTACaman

bFanaFibtI edayEcgfa :

1- bmuxrdExr

nwgmaneQaHCabFanaFibtInsaFarNrdBItwmeNHeTA.

2- bFanaFibtInsaFarNrdExr

CaGKembJakarnkgeyaFBlexmr Cati.

3- bFanaFibtInsaFarNrdExr

TTYlxngnUvmuxgarCanaykrdmnI.

bFanaFibtImanrdmnITI

m~ak'CaCnYy

skmPaBnigkickarnsmaC^kTSgLay
manTIbwkanig

bkarIGmpg.

k~g

kickarenH

edmIsmbsml
nKN:rdmnI.

manxuTkal&ynItibtibtimYy

nigkumbwkaCatixagsni suxCaCnYypg.

elak ln'-nl' eFIbuNsemaFzan:rbs'elakenAfTI 14 mIna 1972 edayman

BHsg 108 Gg tmesniy vresniy nig[bCaBlrdsIbuscUlrYm.

karenHExrsgmfaVnsuxslehIy mindgCay"agem"c sab'Etmanv^btiKN:rd

mnIeTot vvrrvl'nwgrkvrCnm~ak'[mkeCserIsKN:rdmnIf. rkeNHBuMVn eNaHBuMekIt

k*eTAehAelak sWg-gu"kfaj' BIBnKr[mkerobcMKN:rdmnI.

eyIgrvl'nwgerOgenH k*sab'EtxSgesacKab'ru"EktcUlkugBIratITI 20 eTA 21 mIna

y"agsemIm sab'Gs'mnus 112 nak' KYr[QWcab'Nas'. excv^TswgmanC&y.

elakbFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EfgsarerOgenHfaVkdCamanG~kk~g[d.

cMENkelak sWg-g"ukfaj' k*VnerobcMKN:rdmnItam{vaTrbs'elak ln'-nl'

eTAtamrebob Rgime Prsidentiel .

sab'Etf 24 mIna eKeXIjxitb&NbqSgnwgelakK exov-Cu EdlecHEtccb'

Gar"beTACnuMCamYysis nS[manbriyakasminl.

ehIysemcBHsgraCKN:mhanikayk*tvbgBHT&y[EfgsarmYy

elakK exov-Cu Edr.

f 28 mIna manbdaeJgJtenAtammhav^Tal&ynanafa:

kuMekNras[Esk Ceya!

kuMecaTyuvCnfabegtGanaFibety !
kMeTcecal[Gs'kMEGlskiPUmi !
eTAehIy mkv^jEq !

benas

51
ehIyenAf 29 mIna enAsaklv^Tal&yP~MeBj mansmaCyuvCnmYy karJrelak

ta V"g-xat' nig exov-Cu EdlecHEtsah_mkcUlrYmbCuCamYysis tamesckInimnrbs'

sis.

sankarN_v^lvl'rbs'sisenH VnlatEvgGnayrhUtdl'f 23 emsa 1972

mhav^Tal&ycab'tvGaCaFrGavuFhtB&TCuv^j. enAk~genaH manelak Ekv-Gn nignisit

kuy-biuc.

elak sWg-gu"kfaj' bkask~gfenaH[sisenA[esm kuMrMeCbrMCYl.

f 26 emsa sankarN_Gab'GYVnekIteLIg kumVtukrrab'Jn'nak' EdlVnTmay

rnSghamXat'kalBIBwkenaH VnsitenAmuxmhav^Tal&ycab' manmIkEskedomdam[

rdaPiVl. ehIyem"ag 17 k*nSK~aecaldufmkelIGavuFht GavuFhtk*ecalKab'EbkEpg

BmTSgs~rkSePIgGs' 5 naTI Vtukrrt'Can'K~a. VtukrEskeCrBYkGavuFhty"agxSg. Esk

eLIgeTotGFikrN_manteTAeTot Vj'K~acgab'cg^lenATIenaH.

enHCaelIkTI 1 ehIy EdlGFikrN_ekIteLIgrvagsis nigGaCaFr.

elak fac'-Ca rdmnIksYgGb'rMCati sUttamv^TGMJvnav[sisdak'GavuFcuHenA

em"ag 14 fTI 27 emsa.

f 28 emsa Vtukmy"agFMenAv^mankraC sisJk'kMNat'exAenAGav nigCYtkal

kMNat's

manTmak'CaybIdUckan'Tukexaccin-yYn

EteKkan'TukexacK~aeKEdlfaGavuFht

Vj'smab'enaH. manbdaeCrrdaPiVly"agsemIm : Vj'yuvCnKWCaTmiL ! braC&yrdaPiVlpac'kar sWg-gu"kfaj' smab'yuvCn manEtrdaPiVlExreT Edlsmab'yuvCn !

ehIyeKeXasnaKKwkKeKg VnVk'kassnwk. eBlenaHnisit kuy-buic Edl

CaemnerOg EbrCamkbkastamv^TsuMeTasrdaPiVlqy.
-

elak ln'-nl' EfgsarsuM[sisEdleFIbuNenAv^mankraCenaH Qb'eFI

buNEdlKanexacenaHteTAeTot

edmI[manreboberobryk~gsgm.

xSgkMBugrarSgeyIgkuM[eVHeq~atVnenAf

30

emsa

elakfa

elaksuM[sissb'cS

eVHeq~atGnumtielIKemagrdFmnuJsin. EtsisElgsab' eKenAEteTA enAedk

Cuv^jv^mankraCbnbuNdEdl.

suMrMlwkfa eBlenaHcMfBisaxbUCapg buNBisaxbUCa eKeFIKvsKvas[rYcEtBI

d eJHrvl'nwgerOgclaclsisenAv^mankraCenaH.

f 30 emsa 1973 CafeVHeq~atbeJjmtielIKemagrdFmnuJf. TahannigsIu

v^lk*VneTAeVHeq~at

eTaHbIxSgekobsgt'nigKmamkMEhgy"agNak*eday.

rdFmnuJenH

G~kxHfaminl minekIt G~kxHfadUec~H xHfadUec~aH KWfaeyIgKankPaBGIeT. bu"EnedaybeTs

nimYy@ tvEtmanrdFmnuJenaH rdaPiVltvEtbg[ecjcab'enaHxanBuMVn lGakk'cSEk

kunfekay.

52
-

rdFmnuJsaFarNrdExr tvelakbFanaFitI ln'-nl' bkas[ebIenAfTI

12 sPa 1972 tmk.

cb'erOgenH k*elcerOgrbs'buKliksikaeFIkUdkmcMeJHerOgEdlrdaPiVlbJHkb

x&NbuKliksika BIbePT x mkenAbePT K v^j.

-

kUdkmbuKlikenAksYgmhapTSgBIrbePT KWelxaFikar-elxharI TamTarkb

x&N[esnigkbx&NKbzmsika nigkbx&NP~ak'garnKrVlCati.

kUdkmbuKlikBnnaKarGnurk cMnYnbEhl 200 nak' TSgsITSgbusTamTar

kbx&Nrbs'xn[esInwgkbx&NbU"lIsEdr (kbx&N K).
rdaPiVllIgmuxral'f.

eBlenaHdUcCaKanemKanekaymindgCasab'nr-

Na. bu"Eny"agNak*eday beTsExrtvEteVHeq~ateCserIsbFanaFibtI.

-

fTI 21 sPa ksYgmhapVnbkasnamebkCnbFanaFibtI KWman :

elak Ekv-Gn Gayu 41 q~S

elak ln'-nl' Gayu 59 q~S

elak Giun-tS Gayu 50 q~S

elak Giun-tS nig ln'-nl' mandeCgeXasnaKKwkKeKgsemImNas'

cugcb'elak ln'-nl' k*VnCab'eq~ateTA.

f 21 mifuna elak ln'-nl' Efgsar[bCaBlrdrYbrYmK~aTSgGs' edmIsMerc

eKalkar KW :
-

rdaPiVlCYy

bCaBlrdEdlmanesrIPaB CaG~kksagCvPaBxng

G~kbeckeTsCYybtm CYybgat'begnnigCYydknS.

GgkarrYbrYmK~aenaHelak[eQaHfa: GgkarCatibgbbgmExrG~kCatiniym VrSg

ehAfa: Rassemblement National de l'Union Nationaliste.

bu"Enhak'KannrNaeGIeBInwgelakesaH.

bu"Eny"agNak*eday fTI 3 nigTI 4 kkda 1972, elak ln'-nl' k*tvEtVnEtg

tSgCabFanaFibtInsaFarNrdExry"aghwukhak'Edr.
BIenaHmkenH

Gs'elakG~kGackt'sMKal'Vnfa

vrCneyIgcab'epmEbkVk'K~aEmn

ETnehIy. cUlmkk~gExsIha 1972 KNbkbIkumk*ekIteLIg ehIymankmSgsemIm@ KW

KNbksgmsaFarNrd

ekamkarbtmrbs'elak

ln'-nl',

KNbksaFarNrd

rbs'elak sirimt:, KNbkbCaFibety rbs'elak Giun-tS. KNbknimYy@ suTEt

mansarBtmanpayerog@ xn. ehIyeKdgfa kaEstdNwgeBlBwk nigkaEstexmraFibtI

EdlsresrTTg'KNbksaFarNrd nigriHKn'rdaPiVltg'@ enaH KWCakaEstbkBYk

rbs'saFarNrdEdr. bCarasExrLb'sartI mindgCasab'xagNa eCxagNaeT.

53
erOgeVHeq~aterIstMNagras sPaCati tvbBwteTAenAfTI 3 kJa 1972; eVH

eq~ateCserIsBwTsPaCati tvbBwteTA enAfTI 17 kJa 1972.

bu"EneGIyepmeLIg sab'KNbksaFarNrdrbs'elak sirimt: VneplixiteTACUn

elak ln'-nl' mancMNuc 5 x suMtva"GMBIbJtieVHeq~at elx 45-72 bsx cuHfTI 127-72 ehIyksYgmhapEbrCaeqyCYsVnEt 1 x bu"eNaH KNbkenHk*semcfa:
1- mincUlrYmk~gkareVHeq~atenaHeT,

2- sUmdkesckITukcitTSgsugBIrdaPiVlbcbn~,

3- KNbkenAEtrkasiTiCaKNbkneyaVyskm .

ehIykaEstrbs'KNbkenH Vnsresry"agxSg@semIm dUcCasresrelIkal

kaEstk~gfTI 11 sIha 1972 fa: mnusBFab'ebIcab'B luHdl'cUlmkk~gsuk k*enA

EtebIcab'BdEdl, karecHfyedmIedaHsaybJaCati BuMEmnCakarkMsakeT KWCaesckIka

hank~gkicCatirs' !

bnab'BIKNbksaFarNrddkfymincUlbkYteVHeq~atenaH KNbkbCaFiety

kaldrIrbs'elak Giun-tS rYmbCulacfTI 5 sIha k*tSgsemcEdrfa :

1- dkxnmincUlbLkk~gkareVHeq~ateT,

2- efalkMhuscMeJHkarrMelaPCaGciny_ BIsMNak'rdaPiVleTAelIeKalsMxan'@
nlTibCaFibety nigrdFmnuJ,

3- semcminTTYlsal'lTplnkareVHeq~atxagmux ehIyTuklTplenaHfaKan
PaBtMNagCatiTal'EtesaH.

Gs'elakG~keXIjehIy

vas'TMhMenaHVneT?

nUvG~kdknSbd^vtn_eyIgEbkVk'K~abu"Na?

eyIgGacnwg

BYkKNbksgmsaFarNrd EdlVnmkelak hg-Funhak' kan'garCaGKel-

xaFikarenaH k*ecHEtTTwb@ eTA muxEqEsCemA (muxkas') edrGgrras[yl'erOgsab&n

CatiKb'kEng eJHKNbkenHyl'fa CatitvmanGgkarCasab&nKb'sBsmab'niyay

kark~gGgkarshbCaCati.

KaenH vrCneromcgTSgGs' emIlmuxK~aElgcMEmnETnehIy rIkUnecAdeCgm~ak'@

enaH k*kan'eCgecAhaynay Eskekakkak@ efaleTasK~aeTAv^jeTAmkKanbNI.

xMnwkeXIjdl'kaleXasnaKNbk kalBImVyq~SkngeTAehIy sm&yenaHeK

eCrK~aCaElg dUcCafa kuMeCbCaFibetyBIeJH t-k-vak' KWTak'kv" BYkenHsahav

Nas'; kuMeCesrIPaB BIeJHBYkenH PabrUt KWPUtrab PrrhUt; kuMeTAykdrIkMbutk man

kaltxncgNas'; kuMeTAkan'rUbVsaTdak'Gacm_beCv; kuMeTAeChnumanEdlkMBuglI

EpndeTAlk' .l. xHbtiserOgGasGaPasepg@ dUcCafa hnumanshaynwgnagKgg

.l. KWeKecaTK~aesIcelg KanKitdl'eKalKMnit nKNbkesaHeLIy. eKKanykeKal

neyaVydknSsukeTs

EdlfatveFIy"agNa@

eTIbVncMerInenaHmkeJlesaHeLIy.

54
bCarasExrv^lvl'vegg lg'enAEtlg'Kansal'maKacas'erOgneyaVysuk drabsB
f. sm&yenaHvadUec~aH dl'mksm&yenHehIy k*vaenAEtdUec~aHeTot KYrsay !

karTas'ETgExgKMnitK~aenH KannrNaGacrMgab'VneT. xMk*ecHEtnwkfa {! eBlenH

bsinebImanBHn BHBh ymykNamkeVs h~ , bEhlCaVntvr"UvK~axH. ehIy

Gs'elakG~kk*bEhlCaVnKitdUcxMEdr minGIucwg? eyIgBiVkcitdUc@ K~a. bu"EnmanrsI

mYyEdlnS[PWk~gerOgenH.

k~geBlEdlxMkMBugnwkpgenaH

sab'EtsemcBHsgraC

hYt-tat elakVnehAxMeTABieKaHniwgelak. elakmanBHbnlsYrfa sankarN_sBf

clacleBjTMhwg vrCneyIgTas'K~aeBjlg etIelak m"ul gyl'y"agNaEdr? xMnwk

eXIjfamanEtsemceT eTIbBYkenaHsab'xH eTIbxMTUleTABHGgfa :
-

sUmTg'emtaeVs,

TUlbgyl'fa manEtsemceT EdlbEhlCaBYkvrCn

eyIgenAeKarBsab'xH sUmsemcsresrlixiteTAes~IBYkenaH [rYmK~aeLIgv^jeTA bEhlCa

manlTplbesIr. elaksYrmkxMv^jfa : GataKitfanwgsresreTAehIy bu"EnvaKanG~kkan'

sMbutenaH ykeTACUnGs'elakTSgenaHedaypal'@ d. xMk*TUlelakv^jbjab'fa : TUl

bgFanaykeTACUnvrCnTSgenaHedaypal'd suMsemceFIsMbutenaHmkcuH. semcBHsg

raCk*eFIsMbutTSgbICasmat' [xMnSeTACUnelakTSgGs'[rYbrYmK~a xMk*VnnSsMbutenaHeTA

CUnelak ln'-nl', elak sirimt:, elak ecg-ehg dl'TIlMenA. elak Guin-tS semc

elakebIesnelak[ykeTACUn. fekaymkk*eXIjelak sirimt:, elak ecg-ehg nig

elak Giun-tS eFIlixitrYmK~aepfaysemcv^jfa Gs'elakGrBHKuNsemcNas' ehIyfa

bugnwgrYbrYmK~aEdr BuMcg'EbkVk'eT.

semcBHsgraCk*elakmanGMNr.

xMEdlCaG~knSkarN_k*VnsbayEdr

bu"En

eBlEdlKNbksgmsaFarNrdkMBugcat'ebkCneXasnaTwb@ Etg munnwgdl'feVH

eq~atcMnYn 13 f KWf 21 sIha 1972 eBlBwk sab'EtkSg ! Kab'EbkVsikmYypH

eLIg sMedAeTAbugpac'Cv^telak sWg-gu"kfaj' rdmnITI 1 nigCardmnIkarbreTsExr!
bHsk'! Gs'G~kkugP~MeBj nigG~kbvtisasebIkEP~kFM@ .

En! G~kneyaVyExr elgeLIgsuTEtGIcwg. elak sWg-g"ukfaj' Vb'BYkkaEstfa

G~kEdlVf~aCv^telak CaG~kFab'eFITahan minEmnstvekAeT KWstvk~gEtmg elakfa

elaktxacsab'eT

eJHCv^telak

elakykmk[ExrebIehIy

ebImaneKBuMeBjcitnwg

elak eKcg'bMVt'elak k*mindgCanwgKiteFIemc. pg@ eTAcuH sab'k*sab'eTA !

Emn, elak sWg-gu"kfaj' CamnusneyaVytSgBIq~S 1930 Fab'ecalsuk ecal

Es ecalEm" ecal Fab'Cab'Kukcvak' Fab'enABsIuGt'sIuXan, Fab'tveKeCrtamv^Tya"g

cas'dkalBIq~S 1963 fakt'Cati elakeTIbEtVneGItkalmkCan'sukExr ekayBwti-

karN_ 18 mIna k*sab'EtrgeKaHGakk'eTot mkrgfVk' tvkUnsiseCreBjemX kalBI

Exemsa ehIyminTan'Vnsb'pg k*sab'Etmkb^Hsab'EbbFUrlyy"agenHeTAeTot. KiteTA

dUcCaGasUrelakEdr. enHsMdG~ktiHriHeKeJl.

55
cMENkxM xMPak'Fak'Twkcitfa {! G~kneyaVyExr! ebIelgeLIg suTEtVf~abMVt'

semalK~aGIcwg etIfNaeLIynwgVnfefg! {! ebIminVnfefgeTk*hIeTAcuH GaNitEtkuM[

rwtEt{nfyeTAeTotenaH. karkab'smab'K~aenH muxKYr[sayNas'. rab'eQaHemIl G~kecH

dgExreyIgmanbu"nannak'? ebIrvl'Etlbkab'smab'K~aGIcwg cugcb'vaenAsl'GI? mannrNa

dknSnrNa? ebIeyIgmineBjcitnwgelak sWg-gu"kfaj'eT elak sWg-g"ukfaj'ecHExrEdretI
em"cminniyayVb'[tg'eTA? ma"geTotelak sWg-gu"kfaj'enH Kat'mkedmIbgb'kicEdl

fatvbegt[mansab&nCatiKb'sBeTetI cb'ehIyKat'Qb' Kat'mankajcg'dknSNa?

em"ck*mincSemIlKat'sin?

bu"En! critExreyIg!!! eGIeFIem"cebIvaGIcwgBIkMeNItmkehIyenaH!!! EkBuMVn! xMmindgCa

eQaHNaenAk~gkumNaeT Edlbugsmab'elak sWg-g"ukfaj'enaH bu"EnxMeCfa G~kenaHk*KW

CaExrEdr.
-

fTI 3 kJa 1972 eVHeq~ateCserIssPaCati

fTI 17 kJa 1972 eVHeq~ateCserIsBWTsPa :

eBlTSgenaHVnbBwtieTAedaysl .

luHdl'cUlmkExtula 1972 mankarkt'sMKal'mYyeTot KWfTI 14 tula 1972

KN:mnIrbs'elak sWg-gu"kfaj' tSgeLIgedaykwtelx 187/72 PRK f21mIna1972

Vndak'JksuMlaElg cMeJHelakesnabmux ln'-nl' .

elakesnabmuxbFanaFibtIVncat'[elak hg-Funhak' GKelxaFikarKNbk

sgmsaFarNrd[erobcMKN:rdmnIf. KN:rdmnIfekIteLIgedaykwtelx 785/72

PRK cuHf 15 tula 1972 maneTsrdmnI 4 rUb, rdmnIf 11 rUb nigrdelxaFikar 5 rUb .
-

f 17 tula KN:rdmnIf VnbgajxncMeJHshsPa.

ehIyTSgGs'K~a cab'eFIkarteTA edaymansgmfaVncemInsukeTs.

srubk~gq~S 1972 eyIgEbkVk'K~ay"agxSg ehIypvCatielx 1 BIG~kelOgeTAsay

erog eyIgeTAElgrYc TIext TIkugrYjcUlk~gbnicmg .

eyIgcUlmkk~gq~S 1973.

eyIgral'K~aeCfa bEhlCaeyIgEqtqn'nwgerOgbTUsr"ay eCrK~a Vtukm kUdkm sI

eTotehIy. bu"EncSemIl?
tg.

fTI 27 mkra 1973 GaemrikSgnigyYnxageCgcuHhtelxaQb'cSgenAyYnxag

elakesnabmuxExr

sl@ ecjeTAv^j.

bJa[TahanenAk~gbnayTuk{kas[yYnxageCgdkT&BeTA

eyIgmanBnWsgm! bu"Ensab'EtBwb@ BYkBknwbT&BrdaPiVlesIrKb'kEng eFI[

sab'Exrekgcas'eTelIsedm! xageNHKab'Ebk xageNaHpk'cUl ! bUkK~aeTAm"d@ TSgPUmi !

nrNacaj'? nrNaQ~H? eqIyfa Exrcaj'TSgGs'K~a ! enHerOgcSg. erOgkickarrdv^j

elakkugIy_kickaresdkicnighirJvt tmv[eLIgfebgnn: k*dUcCadas'GaKmcintemIg

56
fGIva"n'Kb'CBUkBwb@ dUcTwkcal'TMnb'. buKliksikaExrGt'TSBuMVn k*epmeFIkUdkm (f

10-2-73) KKwkeLIg KbegnQb'begnsis eJHbJabkYtnwgTMnijeLIgf. k~gf

TI 23 kum: em"ag 8 knHBwk enAmhav^Tal&yKruekasl, KN:kmkarcmuHtMNagKb'kb

x&NbuKliksikaExrEdlmanelak esg-bunfn CabFan nigmanKbegnbmaN 400

nak'rYmpg

sikaExr.

VneFIsn~isITsarBtmansIGMBIeKalbMNgd*BitVkd

nkUdkmrbs'buKlik

elak esg-bunfn buKliksikaeFIkUdkmenH edaysarkBHEdlbTSgbeTIsnwg

erOgeLIgfTMnijKb'sareBI. ebIrdaPiVlminedaHsayeT kUdkmnwgbneTAeTot!

erOgkUdkmVnlatEvgteTA G~kxHkan'eCgfaKeFIenHtv eJHfabeyaCn_rYm tvEt

TamTar. G~kxHfa BYkelakK G~kKeFIenHminsm eJHebITamTarpg begnsispgeTAva

em"c? elgTmak'karecal Tuk[kUnExrKanv^CaeJHerOgTamTarenaH vaminsab'ehIy? kUnExr

ePsBIB, kUnG~kkrehmrham kUneKkUngEdlKanVk'kasnwgCYlsalaeronenaH vamin

enAEtxak'BeBImeTAehIy? CamYyK~anwgkUneyIgral'K~aenApH, enA Lyce Descartes eKbegn

KKwk rYckUnecAefAEkcinFM@ G~kFM@ eKmanKbegndl'pH xHsuMeTAeronrhUtbreTs. BYk

Gs'enaHecHdgtLb'mkv^j ecAhayeyIgeTot ! eTANavaElg!

enAfGaTit TI4 mIna 1973, enAsalmehasbTenVsak' manebIksm&ybCumYy

BiPakasIBIbJaTMnijeLIgfenaH

eqIytbnwgkUdkmbuKliksika.

Gs'elakG~kFM

man

elak ln'-Nun, Giut-Fuy, sapun-sar"asIu, fac'-Ca, Ekv-mu"gKI, Lg-buta, sum-QMu.

niyayeTAniyaymkKandeNaHsayGInS[kk'ekAesaHeLIy. ehIyEdlnS[elak ln'-

Nun ekAkhmmuxenaH KWmanKbegnm~ak'ecaTelakfa elakman 92 landular U.S. epenA

VMgsIs Banque Suisse !

huW sab'eTAQWkal .

erOgenHminTan'cb'pg elcerOgelakpay1 Gug-j"c ecAhayextkMBt THkMepg

elakK Kg'-lIm, mkeTot K@ k*rMCUleLIgeTot. elakGPiVlkugeyIgyl'faEbbmin

sl k*eFIdkakugf 14 mIna 1973 hamVmmin[eFIVtukmepspas !

bu"EnmanbsiTPaBNa? fTI 17 mIna 1973 manmITIgKbegnKKwkKeKg enA

mhav^Tal&yKruekasl, manbdaCaecInbqSgnwgrdaPiVl dUcCafa : G~kdknSelaPGM

Nac + xHsmtPaB = kb'xng, Caedm .

em"ag 11 C^tQb'bCueTAehIy k*sab'Et kSg! sab' 2 nak' rbYsecInnak' ! pH

Kab'Ebk !

- ehIyBwtikarN_FMbMput esIrkLab'Epndk~gfdEdlenaH KWevlaem"ag 1 knH f

tg' sab'Et kSg! kSg! BIrKab'Ekrrbgv^mansaFarNrdcMkarmn! ynehaH T 28 ebIkbr

edayeQaH s-Puta EdlfatvCaGtItsamInagbTumbuV VnTMlak'Kab'EbkenH sMedA

elakbFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EdlevlaenaHk*manbCuKN:rdmnIpg.

57
k~gfenaHmankarbnan'@ Cab'@ K~a. bnab'BITMlak'Kab'EbkenHPam elakbFanaFibtI

ln'-nl' EfgsarVb'ras[rYbrYmK~a rYcelakEfgbkasPaBGasn~ beTsCatisitenA

k~gPynray, elak KS-er"t rdmnIeXasnakar EfgGMBIv^FankarkarJr ehIy[rasenA[
esmkuMPak'epl,

21 dl'em"ag 5 PW.

elak efag-lwmhYg eFIsn~isITkaEst, ehIybMrameKacrbkasBIem"ag

BwtikarN_ecInesksH rkkt'minTan'. bnab'mkmankarcab'BBYkescXMumYykEng.

bnab'mk ExreyIgk*ehAkV"l'ehaHGaemrikSg [cUlmkCYyTmak'Kab'EbkenACuv^jrdFanIP~M

eBjEtmg

eJHeBlenaHyYnnigExrxagmageTotenaH

Nas'eTAehIy dUcenAGriyktenHCaedm.

cUlmkkan'EtekoknwgkugP~MeBj

bu"EnEbbFUrbnicmkv^j.

fTI 17 emsa 1973 elak nl'-nl' EfgsarCrabrasGMBIcMNg'nigbMNgrbs'

elakk~gkarbegtkumbwkaCan'xs'xagneyaVymYy ( Un Haut Conseil Politique ) smab'kan'

kab'kardknSrYmK~a cMeJHbJaFM@ rbs'Cati.

sab'JkenH shsPaeBlbCueBjGgCasmaCsPak~gsm&ybCuv^samJenAf

cn TI 23 emsa 1973 sMerccitKSTmuWgma"t'nUvKMnitBgkmUldanneyaVyenH ehIyedmI

GnuvtnUvkmv^FIenH rdaPiVlBiess tvVnGnuJat[cat'v^FankartambJtik~gry: 3 Ex.

f 24 emsa 1973 elak ln'-nl' EfgsarCrabExrGMBIsmasPaBtmkumbwka

neyaVy.

1- paksm&ybCunsPaCatinigBwTsPasmab'ry:eBl 6 Ex.

2- begtKN:kmaFikarmYymaneQaHfa

tmkumbwkaneyaVy

CYyelakbFanaFibtInsaFarNrd k~gkickardknSbeTsCati.
R

EdlmanPar:

k~gry:eBlC^t 6 ExenH tmkumbwkaneyaVy Gas&yedaysemgnelakb

FanaFibtIsaFarNrdExr nwgeFIesckIsemcepg@ Edlnwgtv[rdaPiVlBiessGnuvt.

karcat'tSgnigkarbBwteTA

nelakbFanaFibtIsaFarNrd.

ntmkumbwkaneyaVy

nwgtvkMNt'edaybJti

mkdl'tg'enH eyIgdUcCaVnsbay titVneXIjGs'elakvrCnTSgGs' VnrYb

rYmK~aeLIgv^jdUcVf~a.

bu"Enmknwkql'tg'eNHbnic KWfTI 2 sPa 1973 KN:rdmnIelak hg-Fun

hak' VnlaElg ehIyfTI 16 sPa 1973 elak Giun-tS EdlCasmaC^ktmkumbwka

neyaVyenaH sab'EtsmutxncuHmkerobcMKN:rdmnIbnBIelak hg-Funhak' ehIy

58
cMeJHerOgenH

xMsUmrMlwkeLIgv^jbnicfa

KN:rdmnIsukExreyIgdUcCapas'brjwkjab'

eBk rkEtnwgTTYlxustvcMeJHbvtisas[VnCak'cas'VkdbCaBuMTan'. KitemIlcuH

tamEdlxMkt'ta : BIExkum: 1958 dl'ExmIna 1970 eyIgmanKN:rdmnI 45 elIk Edl

k~genH manKN:rdmnIKNbk 20 elIk KN:rdmnIsgmrasniym 25 elIk. ehIy

naykrdmnIeXIjEtmnusdEdl@ ecInelIkdUcCaj"amejnEtzan:enHy"agem"cmindg Et

kar mineXIjcemIneTAmuxesaH pas'cuHpas'eLIg mnusdEdl@ edrCueCgelIdancas'

dEdl@ mineXIjQaneTAmuxesaH. tSgBIq~S 1948 dl'q~S 1970 maneQaHmnusEdl

manvasnaeFInaykenaH 17 nak' dUcCasIhnu 15 elIkm~ak'g semc Eb"n-nut 6 elIkm~ak'

g. Gum-eQogsun nig neratm-knl 3 elIkm~ak'. ehIykalnItikalTI 1 nsPaCati

enaH naykrdmnImanelak Qan-v"m, Eb"n-nut, Ey"m-sMbUr, eGov-ekIs. nItikalTI 2

manelak huy-knl.

eXIjfa vrCnExrTSgenaH laycmuHK~aTSgG~kelaPGMNac Gjniym ekAGIniym

pac'karniym BmTSgG~kCatiniymxHpg.

karpas'brehIyv^leTAv^lmk Fak'eTAelIEtbuKlm~ak'@ nigBYkkumm~ak'@ enHehIy

EdlTukdUcCaTmab'm"agrbs'G~kkan'GMNacsukExr

rbs'eKeTot.

ehIymkdl'tg'enH

ehIyEdleKbkan'faCaTmab'

xMsUmbJab'kMNt'rbs'xMeBlenHcuH

EtsUm[Gs'elakG~k

GanBicarNaeLIgv^j tSgBIekayBwtikarN_ 18 mIna 1970 rhUtmkdl'enH etIeyIgbMpaj

eBl[xUcTeT@ eTAbu"Na? eyIgbeQaHK~abxSK~a Kanem Kanekay Gs'eBlbu"nan? etI

eyIgGacnwgriHKn'karEbkVk'd*GasvenHVnEdreT?

sUmGs'elakG~kemtaKit ehIyeqIycMeJHerOgenHpgcuH. etI critExr eyIgGacpas'

xHVneT? edmIksagsaFarNrdteTAeTotenaH?

R
R

59

Gnusasn_

60

KMnit manEtGj
manvrCnxH EdleFICabFanGgbCuNamYy sbayNas'nwgniyayEbkCaGUrhUr

Caswg rhUtdl'eTAClerOgxusrebobvar:eTAk*man. beJjeyabl'mksuTEtbJak'fa Kit

enaHtwmtvehIy eyabl'enaHlehIy [smaC^kGgbCuGnum&ttamcuH. kalebImansma

C^kNaCTas' suMCUneyabl'xHenaH rEmgEtgminsbaycitesaHeLIy eJHTMlab'Gata

genaHecHEtemIlgayeK faeKminekIteT eKmindl'xneT eKlg', xnv^jKWCaG~kecHeCACH

CabJv&n CamnuskMBUl KMnitrbs'xnCaKMniteBC KMnitrbs'G~kdTCaKMnitkak minVnkar
mintvmkbeJjGIeT.

KMnitGjniymenH CaKMnitpashYsehtu BIeJHeKeTotk*Camnusmanv^carN-

JaNEdr Fab'tiHriHrkehtuplk~gerOgNamYyEdr eKecHdgmYyEbb eyIgecHdgmYyEbb

tvbeJjeyabl'pg edmIrklTpll[GgbCu smaKm. BIeJHtamFmta sUmIG~k

sil:dUcK~a k*minGacTTYlPar:eFIkar[VnsBKb'Etm~ak'gVneT vatvEtG~krVMBUEkxag

rS G~kKUrBUEkxagKUr G~kePgBUEkxagePg mYymux@ Biess@ edayxn vaminEmnG~krVMecHrS

ehIyecHKUr ecHelgePgsBKb'enaHeT k*G~kePgecHTSgKUrTSgrSErkenaHeT. m~ak'@ man

v^CaCv:BitVkdeday@ xn. y"agNamij eyIgbFan eyIgecHdgtamsmtPaBeyIg eK

eTot eKk*mancMeNHGIepg smab'niyay[eyIgsab'Edr KYrEteyIg[eKniyaypg sab'

eKpg eJHtamsegtmk FmtabFanGgbCuecInEtyl'elIkarTUeTA karkMbuikkMbu"k kMeTc

kMTIrayrgenaH eKsmaC^keKyl'eKdg.

enAbeTsExreyIg ecInEtG~kmantmiHecHdg mansJab&tFM@ ecjmkBIbreTs

mknS[xUcreboberobryk~gsgmExr BIeJHEtelakniyayenAk~geBlbCumg@ ecInEtGYt

fa enAGWru"benAGasIuTIb eKecInEtebIrebobdUcelakBnl'CUnenHg tg'BitminBit esc

Etelakd*mhimaenaH GFibayerobrab'eTAtamkaryl'rbs'buKlenaHeT minEmnCav^CaEdl

VneronenaHykmkBnl'enaHeT KWCaeyabl'm~ak'@ eTetI. bu"EnK~aEdlmantmiHtictYcsc

esIg minhanCUneyabl' edayxacG~kmantmiHenaHemIlgayxn ! enHehIycritExrsm&y

stvtr_TI 20 enH sMKal'emIlcuH G~kEdlVndknSmun@ kngmkenH ecInEtGataniym

manEtGjeTIbdknSbeTsCatieTAVn KanbNHcitrYbrYmCYyBnl'CUneyabl' eXIjtv

ehIynSK~aeFItamenaHeT manticNas' ecInEtbCurYccb'Etmg tg'GnuvteTAtamenaH sUn

Etmg. enHehIybCuecInVnkartic beTscMerInlUtlas' eKbCuticeFIkarVnecIn eTIb

eTAmuxVn xMsMKal'emIlmkeXIjEbbenHecIn.

61
ehtuenH

GjniymeBk.

eyIgKYrGnuelamsab'semg

sab'eyabl'rbs'smaC^keTotxHpg.

kuM

KMnitlYcykeyabl'eK
manCnCatieyIgxH cUlcitykeyabl'G~kdTmkeFICaeyabl'gpal' CaehtunS[

G~kbeJjeyabl'Elgcg'beJjeyabl'xnteTAeTot. beJjeFIGI ebIbFan ebImitenaH

ykeyabl'xneTAeFICaeyabl'eKeTAehIy. dUcy"ageQaH muI VnCUneyabl'enAeBlbCu

FM ehIyGgbCuVnyl'sbTSgsug. dl'eBlsemc sab'EtVt'eQaH muI eTAecj

eQaH suk-esAr_ NaeNaHeTAv^j.

kalBICnan'cas'

semcsIhnuEtgsg'eyabl'enAGgbCural'eBl

ehIycmaj'

ykeyabl'Na 4-5 Edll@ mk Eskfa : ebItameyabl'xM KYrEteFIy"agenHy"agenaH.

tg'fa ebIeFItamelakenH elakenaH eFItameyabl'elakenHelakenaH EdlKat'sresr

k~gesovePAenHenaH

CaehtunS[mas'eyabl'enaHK~aeBjcitpgenaH

tfaeT

KMnitg eyabl'g. ebIrvl'dUec~H etInrNanwgCYy[eyabl'l@ eTot?

fasuTEtCa

KMnitlYceyabl'eKenH lmGs'elakxHpas'ecjehIy.

KYrEtBieKaHsaksYr
manvrCnxHVneFIFMehIy enAminTan'ecHrebobedkedrQrGgy tamEbbbTCaExrenA

eLIyeT ecInEtebIGakbkiriya riyabfqg@ minsm. TSgbBnTSgbI enAEbbCaCn

samJFmtatyg"yeTA.

edmIsmrmnwgzan:eyIg EdlCaG~kCYydknSbeTsCati KbIeyIgBieKaHsaksYr

Gs'elakcas'TuM kan'TMenomTMlab'CatiqineqA [elakCYyENnSBnl'pg eTIbl. BIeJH

eyIgG~kFM KWCatMNagCatimYyEp~k kuMeyIgceggcgagqg@ enaH etagEtKitmunnwgeFIGI@ fa

GataGjCatMNagCatiExrTSgmUl
TSgmUlEtmg.

ma"geTot

ebIGataGjeFIxus

KWnS[CatibreTsemIlgayCatiExr

breTsk*dUcCaBiVkyl'sPaBTn'Pn'rbs'CatiExrxSgNas'.

FMehIyKbIykcas'TuMCaTIbwkaxHeTIbl.

eyIgVneFIFMedaytmiHv^Ca

BuMEmnedayecHdg

TMenomTMlab'bBNIeT dUec~HeyIgkuMGYtfaeyIgecH eyIgyl'TMenomTMlab'bBNIExrenaH.

62

KMnitxacneyaVy
manvrCneyIgxH xacneyaVyTSgxngkMBugsitenAk~ugrgg'neyaVy. rdkarcat'

[eTAkan'karneyaVyedmICYybeTsCatixn EtEbrCaeTAniyaynwgCnbreTsenaHfa : xM
sb'neyaVyNas' xMsuMEtrs'eT xMminecHeFIneyaVyeT ! .

sab'cuH ! ebImanmnusrebobh~wgecInnak' beTsCatimuxCanwgBiVkBuMxan. KYrql' !

ebIfaxacneyaVyehIy

emceLIyk*eTAs&KsuMeK

eTAenAeFIkartg'kEngEdleKkMBugeFI

neyaVy? enHehIycritExr! Edlcg'EtFM EtminecHdgmuxgarrbs'gfatveFIGI. mYy

yl'fakEngenaHCakEngxaj'slGjbmUldularykmkeFImanVn? {! ebIKitEbbenH xM

sUmGgr ! eJHrbrrksuIsmab'manVnenaHmanKreKak ecjeTArksIueTA kuMelgykkEng

EdleKtveFIneyaVy mkeFICakEngCnYjenaH minsleT ! by&t~kayeTACacm"a rsat'

dUcck kUnecArksukenAnwgeKKan. tvEteyIgbNHsartICaG~kneyaVyKb'@ K~a [KMrU

dl'kUnecAeyIgt@ eTAeTot kuM[xacneyaVy [sLaj'neyaVy sLaj'sukeTs

ksagsukeTsedayxng. kuMVc'BwgnrNa[mkedrneyaVyCYs ksagsukCYsenaH !

KanbreTsNaeKmancitl cg'CYyedrneyaVyCYsExr ksagsukExrCYsExreT ! ebIfa

cg'ykplbeyaCn_BIExrenaH vaEmn !

erOgbreTsenH cas'TuMbrmburaNeyIgVncgCasuPasitfa : kuMTukcitbreTs kMuTuk

citGPiensm_ kMuTukcitGPiVy. BIrXaxagekayTak'TgnwgerOgepg@ XaTI 1 xagedm KW

elakbedAeyIgy"agcas'fa

[eyIgby&t~[Nas'cMeJHCnbreTsenH

BIeJHKanbr-

eTsNaesaHtg'nwgeyIgesaHeLIy. breTsNaEdlCYyeyIg EdlhucPstagfaeKBit

CaesaHenaH k*eJHEtbeyaCn_eKBitCatvVnBIeyIgenHeTAEdr. k*ehacNas'beyaCn_

eyIgnigeKvasbK~a eKtvEtrYmnwgeyIgeTA.

KMnitsgswksYrBUC
enAk~gsgmmnuseCOnelOn mnusv^Tasas eKEtgsal'KngyutiFmlNas'.

enAk~gsgmExr eyIgKankarGb'rMmnus[sal'KngyutiFm mnusFmeT. mnusecInEteFI

tamEtxnnwkeXIjk*ecHEtedrtamKMnitBpsm&yburaN EdlcUlcitEtsmab'bMVt'BUC

enaHEtmg.

KMnitEdlcUlcitsmab'bMputBUCenaH

PaKecIn

KWCaKMnitescEdlCaG~kkan'

GMNac. manerOgsm&yburaNecInNas' EdlniyayBIkarkab'smab'enH. escmagkal

EdlcSgQ~Hsmab'escmagVnehIyenaH minenAesmeT [eBCXattamcab'smab'buta

63
butIescmageTot[v^nassUneTAeTot.

BYkescmagEdlbraC&yenaH

EtgEtrt'cUlB

snMkmSg k*rt'eTAehAbreTs[cUlmkCYykMcat'escEdlQ~HenaHv^j ehIykab'smab'

bMVt'BUCK~amgv^j. ema"HehIy karsmab'bMVt'BUCK~ak*dUcCaeTACaTmab'TMenombcSvgkt
y"agFmta.

dUec~HG~kNaEdldgxnfacaj'enaH

EtgCJnkUnecArt'cUlB

k*eTAenA

breTs ehIyebIman{kasl esccaj'enaHminjejItesaHeLIy k~gkarsgswkcMeJHesc

Q~H.

KMnitenaHmanmkyUrstvtr_ehIy KYrEtbMVt'ecj bu"Enk~gsm&ysIhnu enAk~gst-

vtr_TI 20 enH k*enAeXIjmandEdl. G~kkan'GMNacenH kalebI[eKcab'ykrUbbuKlNa

m~ak' EdlbqSgnwgneyaVyxnykeTAdak'KukehIy BuMEmncb'twmh~wgeT [eKCksCk

Kl'savCavrkExsLaybuKlCab'ecaTenaHteTAeTot

cab'ykkUnbBnK~amkeFIeTas

Gs'mYyBUC. CYnkalkUneFIxusmineFIeTasEtkUneT cab'dl'eTABukK~a CdUnCtaK~aEfmeTA

eTot. CYnkalKan'EtCaBYkm"akePOnPki k*tvEtVnTTYleTasEdr. enHehIyCaerOgKMnit

sgswkGs'mYyBUC.

KMnitEbbenHBuMEmnCaKMnitkILaeT CaKMnitkMsakefakTab.

cab'BIenHteTA eyIgenAk~grbbsaFarNrdbkbedaylTibCaFibetyehIy KbI

G~kkan'GMNacrdemtalHbg'KMnitGbiyenaHecjeTA. sUm[mansuPv^nic&y sUm[manyuti

Fm kMuykkMhwgKMnMuKMuKYnpal'xnmkbgr[ekItGKtienAk~gsgm[esaH G~kkan'GMNacrdman

sartIesaHelIyutiFmnigGhiga eTIbbCaCnVnsuxkaysbaycit ehIyrwtEtsLaj'

TukcitcMeJHG~kkan'GMNacenaH

karJrG~kkan'GMNacenaHedayPkIPaBKb'K~a

mansamKIeLIg eFIkarGIk*VntTeTIsTETgrYjraesaHeLIy.

CaehtunS[

KMnitpaj'pal
enAbeTssuIv^l&y eKmancitkILabcSxn. Tas'ETg vaytb'K~a k*eKeFIedaymancit

kILa eKBuMEmnpaj'K~aedayGMeBIBpeT. citkILaenaHy"agem"c? sUmelIkTahrN_cMeJH

EterOgvaytb'K~amkeJl. TwkcitkILaenaHKWfa m~ak'@ eKminEdllbkab' lbbharcMeJH

KUstveT eKEtgbkasedayecjmux VnesckIfa eKehAKUstvrbs'eKenaH [cUlmk

byuTedaytg'@. eBlbyuTenaH eBlKUbyuTrbs'eKtvdYlcuHedaycaj'kmSgrbs'eK

enaH eKEtgbgg'deCgsincS[KUbyuTenaHegbeLIgtsUteTAeTot, k*eKEtgEtCYyelIkKU

byuTenaH[egbeLIgehIysYrfa : em"cgGactsUnwgeyIgteTAeTotVneT? ebIKUbyuTenaH

fatsUVn

eKbyuTK~ateTAeTot.

ebIKUbyuTenaHfasuMQb'ehIy

eKk*CYybeVsGEgl

niyayedayJkEpmElmfa : eGI eyIgQb'Tas'K~atwmeNHcuH ! eKKanbnHbgab'eday

JkbJWcitdUec~HdUec~aHeT. ExreyIgv^j tamEdlFab'eXIj Fab'dg BuMdUec~aHeT dal'tb'K~a

64
ebIdal'KUbyuTrbs'eKdYlehIy BuMenAesmeT eKsHeTATat'Fak'EfmeTot CYnkalTat'Fak'

Tal'EtG~kcaj'enaHsnb'Vt'mat'k*sab'eTApgk*man.

KWfa

eKKaneBlniyaytamrebob

kILaGIeT EdlehAfaQ~Hsmab'eK KWTal'EtKUbyuTenaHdYlsnb'k*sab'eTA ebIfaenArs'

eT Kan'EtdYleKyl'faBuMTan'Q~HeT. enHgcritExr.

etIEdlehAfaQ~HenaH vasitenAelIeyIgTat'Fak'KUbyuTEdlBMuVntdesaH[snb'

[sab'BitEmn?

BMuEmndUec~HTSgGs'eT

vasitenAelIJksuMcuHcaj'rbs'KUbyuTeNH

eT. eJHfaCYnkalKUbyuTenaHPat'es~tEtbnic eyIgkac'eKbMVk'eTA ehIyG~kcaj'suMcuH

caj'ehIymintvbNHKMnMunwgKUstvrbs'xnenaHteTAeToteT KYrEtQb'twmeBlenaH enAf
ekayKYrsmK~aCaFmta eTIbtvtammnusFm.

eyIgEdlQ~HeK edayvayeKEfmk~geBleKdYlehIyenH Gakk'emIlBn'eBkNas'

vaminEmnCaG~kmankILaGIbnicesaH.

erOgGakk'mYyeTot EdlmnuskILaeKminbBwtiesaH KWerOglbkab' lbcak'K~a BI

xagekayx~g. Tl'muxnwgeKBuMekIt elgtampvsat'. GMeBIenHCaGMeBIefakTab Edlmnus

samJeKfa BuMEmnCa G~kelg EmnETneT KWCaG~kEkgkay, kMsakjIlbkab'BIekay,

KanG~kNaeKsresIr eK[tmfakahan famuHmuteT.

xMcUlcit[G~kelgTSgGs' TSgG~kelgkab'cak' TSgG~kelgneyaVy emtakan'

citkILa, eQaHK~amYyTl'mYykuMBYtK~a, kab'cak', bqSgecjmux kuMelglbBIekay eFIy"ag

enHcaj'Q~HlemIl saFarNCn[tm ! pyBIenH elgElgkMsak KannrNasresIreT

saFarNCnesaHTwkmat'dak'[edaysb'exImBuMxan !

KMnitelaPBegcBgwl
manGs'elakG~kFMxHeFIkarenAExtekA

rdkar[eKhdans~ak'enAedaysmrm

Cuv^jeKhdanenaHk*mandNSdeNacKb'sB manrukpldUg sa lt x~r say eckCaedm

manEpreyagryansmab'ebHGas&ytxH. fmYyelakenaHg tvrdkarpas'[eTAenA

kEngf ExtmYyepgeTot elakenaHgmancitelaPln'tmanxasesaHeLIy dgfaxn

Gs'VnenATIenHehIy tSg[kUnbBnebHdNSdeNacdLg dUg saenaHGs'rlIgesIrEtKan

sl'kwb, sIupglk'pg eFIy"agem"c[EtxagGs' kuM[G~kmkenAekayVnsuIpg. minEt

bu"eNaH clnvtEdlrdkarTijTuk[ebIVs'k~geKhdanenaH k*mnIenaHxb'evcdkCJnGs'

Edr. G~kmkenAxHGIxHeTA GjmindgeT ! GaNaebIpas'GjeFIGI? enHKMnitcgBegc

BglCatiKYr[sb'exImbMput.

G~kEdlmkenAekay tSgxHenHxHenaHtdabtdYs TMrSEtVnsl K~aevTnamin

Emntic. erOgenHCacritma"grbs'elakFMCatiExr EdltvEtnSK~aCmuHecalecjeTA KYrTuk

65
s~adxH[K~aG~kekayVneXIjpg ebIKans~adTukeTk*hIeTAcuH cuHEtxneTAvaVnehIy kuM
elgminVnTuks~ad[eK ehIyEfmTSgbmUlexctSgBIeck dLg dUg sa rbs'rdeTA

eTotenaH minleT !

KMnitcg

xMVnsegteXIj Kb'kEngEdlmanVsaTburaN, rUbeKa, rUbnaK nigssrfxH

tvEqbxUg@ xUcVt'lMGGs' edaysarCncgecHEtykkSbitBUefAeTAsMelogelIrUbfTSg

enaH. ebIrUbTSgenaHenAC^tmat'tJMg C^tpvedrpg k*rwtEtercrwlxUgeCANas'eTAeTot xH

Vk'dac'Vt'eTAEtmg. mkBICnKanKMnitTSgenaHgaydeBkNas' ykkSbitBUefABIpHeTAB

minsMelog[ehIyeT cSdl'Btg'manrUbfenaH tSgykrUbfenaHCafsMelogEtmg. CYn

kalenApHenaHKanfsMelogpgeT GagEtfenAB cSeTAsMelogBenaHEtmg. mkBI

kMC^lFn'eBkNas' eTIbVnCaminrvl'rksBebIfmYydusmab'sMelogkSbitenaH. ehIyebI

lyCayk elgykssrfcmak' rUbeKa nigsilacarwkeTATuksMelogEtmg.

BHsgxHEdlmanvtenAC^tVsaT elakxacVbEmn minhanedrkngtYGkreT

edayeCfatYGkrmYytY@ KWsuTEtCaBH bu"EncMeJHpSgsilacarwkv^j elakEbrCaykmk

dak'enAeCgCeNIrnimneLIgcuHBegy.
mkBIGIVnCadUec~H?

mkBIelakminyl'tmnpSgsilacarwkenaHesaH

sanEtCaf

Fmta ragvarabesIlmTTnab'eCgVn k*ltamh~wgeTA. BYkG~ksMelogkSbitBUefAelIrUb

eta rUbnaK k*dUec~aHEdr KWmkBIBYkenaHminyl'nUvtmvtenaHesaHEtmg ehIysmebImanKMnit

xilcGUspg eXIjvtenaHCaeKOgsmab'sleFIkarGIcwgeTA k*tSgsMelogeFIBegy.

dUec~HKMnitcgrbs'BYkenaH KWbNalmkBIminyl' ehIykarminyl' KWmkBIKanG~k

Bnl'. ebImanG~kBnl'[mnusCBUkenHyl'erOgtmvtTSgenaH ema"HsmBYkenaH minsUv

Cacgdl'mwgeT. G~kecHdgburaNxH@ ecInhamfa kuMbmafmay kMurMlayBH. tg'

erOgBHKat'ecHham

rUbf

cmak'f

EdlmantmdUcBHBuTrUbpgEdrenaH

Kat'thameT

beNay[GnrayeTAcuH ebItvelaxac EbrCanSK~atMekIgfmYyduBIrelIxmekamedmCedm

eJFieNaHeTAv^j edreTAelIkdsMBHmg edrmkelIkdsMBHmg GuCFUbEfrka nrNab"H

Jl'BuMVn. vaeTACapyGIcwg !

bsinebIKat'CYyhameTA

kuM[mnusykpSgsilacarwkmkedrCan'cuHeLIg

kuM[

mnuspas eTAsMelogkSbitelIrUbeta rUbnaKburaNeTA vamanGI? em"Hsmmnuscgva

jejItxHEdr vamingaydeBk. enHGt'hamesaH.

dUec~H GMeNIHteTAxMyl'fa ExreyIgTSgcas'TSgekg KYrcab'epmBnl'K~a[yl'tm

vtburaN[Vncas'Kb'@ K~a [yl'favtTSgenaH KWCasac'CaQamdUntaeyIgsuTsaF KW

CasemalBlwgrbs'buBbursExrsuT@ tvEteyIgkarJr tvEteyIgsLaj' kuMbeNay

66
[ercrwl, mintveyIgbeNay[ecarC^tqaycUlmklYcykeTANa eTANIeT BIeJHkar

Vt'bg'vtTSgenaH TukdUcCaVt'bg'qwgEqgsac'QamdUntaeyIgdUec~aHEdr. [eyIgdNwgsYr

K~afa : etIeyIgmineBItcab'QWpaeT ebImaneKmkbeLHsac'cVc'qwgeyIgenaH?

eyIgCaExr

tvBnl'kUnecA[yl'k~gn&yxagelIenH

rkakarJrvtburaNeyIgteTAVnyUrGEggEvgqay.

eTiIbkUnecAeyIgyl'CYyEf

cUrby&t~mnusCnit
G~keFIFMtvby&t~xn CaBiesscMeJHG~kNaEdlCnitnwgxnenaHEtmg BIeJHKWCnit

enaHehIyEdlnS[eyIgxUceQaHedaysar. KWG~kenAC^teyIgenHehIy EdlykeQaHeyIg

eTAlk'ykbeyaCn_pal'xn eJHvaenAC^teyIg eKemIlmkk*eCTSgGs'. cMeJHG~kEdleFI

[eyIgxUceQaHenaH

minVc'dl'mnusCnitpgeT

mnusEdlKan'EtmkEGbLbnwgeyIg

ral'fenaH k*Gac[eyIgxUceQaHVnEdr [Etvacg'eFI.

xMnwkeXIjerOgmYy

kaleNaHenAsalakat'kIeyIgenH mansakIm~ak'buinbsb'vay

kEGbGbnwgelakcaghagsalakat'kINas' ral'fKat'Etgmkkan'salakat'kImunelak

caghagCaerOy@ cSTTYldeNIrelakcaghag nigCYykan'katabsMNuMerOgrbs'elakcag

hagcUleTAkan'kariyal&ypg. eFIdUec~H edmI[G~kekItkIkSgTSgLay smwgmkyl'cLM

fa Kat'CamnusC^ts~iTnwgelakcaghagNas' BwgJk'Kat'cuH kImincaj'eKeT eJHKat'

sal'caghagBitVkdNas'. luHeKeTACYbBwgJk' Kat'enaHk*tSgsYrehtusBKb' rYck*

tSgGFibaycab'hUrEhEvgqayeFI[CnmanerOgenaHsab'PSg rYck*faKat'nigelakcaghag
CamitnwgK~a niyayEtmYym"at'esckarPam suM[EtcMNaybu"eNHbu"eNaHmkcuH. Cnman

erOgeCsk mineCNaVnebIKat'ecHcab'sMebImnigsal'elakcaghageTotenaH. K~ak*tSg

sUkV"n'KitKUrtamJkBnl'sakIkMhUcenaHeTA.

sakIkMhUcenaHmanykeTACUnelakcag-

hagNa elbEtm~ak'geTA. luHeKkat'eTACnEdlsUkV"n'VnQ~H k*tSgfa h~! eXIjeT

Kat'nigcaghagCYyEmn! elaEbrCacaj'v^j k*eFICaekAbenasCnsUkV"n'fa mkBIePcJk

bNSKat' Kat'pS[eqIydUec~H G~kenaHeTACaniyaydUec~aHxUcGs' eTIbVncaj'eK. sIuluyK~a

ehIybenasK~aeTot. elakcaghagKandgxnesaH mindgfaG~kkan'katab[xnenaH kan'

edaycg'[eKeXIj edmIrksuINa elaksanEtfasakIenaHkan'[elakedayeKarBrab'Gan

elakedayesaHEtbu"eNaH. TMrSEtelakdgxn ehIybeNjsakIenaH[Qb'Tak'Tg eQaH

elakk*lIsuHsaysnwkfa CacaghagGyutiFm suIsMNUkepspassMebIm. enHKan'Et

mnusvayEGblutkabeLmLWmpg vaGacykeQaHeyIgeTACYjekIt cMNg'ebICnCniteyIg

eTot

varwtEtslykeQaHeyIgeTACYjNas'eTAeTot.

vacg'VnlaPskar:BIG~keTot

Edlcg'Vs&ynwgeyIg vak*tSgfa eyIgtvkarenHtvkarenaH cUlcitdUec~HdUec~aH. eKEdl

67
cg'Vs&ynwgeyIgk*tSgrkrbs'enaHmk[vaeTA. CYnkalvaeFI[eKEdlbugmkrkeyIgenaH

sb'eyIg edletHeyIgtampvsat'Begy eJHEtG~kenaHBuMVnykGIeTA[vatambMNgva.

eTACabMEbkeyIgBIG~kEdlmkVs&ynwgeyIgeTAv^jqy. enHCaKMnitGakk'CYrCati nCnit

Tucrit. vaKanKitBIerOgeyIgxUceQaHGIeT KitEtplbeyaCn_va.

niyayenH minsMedAeTAelICnitxHEdlmanPkIPaBcMeJHecAhaynay hansab'rs'

CamYyecAhaynayenaHeT. CnCnitCBUkenH KbIecAhaynayemIleXIjKuNsmti nig

CYybtmK~a ykK~aCashkarICaCnitteTAeTot kuM[regs[esaH.

emGMe
manmnusPaKxHenAekgFab'klMVketakya"k eronsUtxHmuxxHekay manmitPki

kMst'TurKtdUcK~a ecHKYrsmrkK~a sab'Etxnmanvasnaxs'edaycdn maneKG~kmanTB

smtiykeTACYyciJwm[eronsUtVneFIFMkI, kayeTACaG~kFM G~kmanedayPriyaCaG~kman

TBbtmkI,

Vnzan:xg'xs'TBsmtismrPam

k*tSgePcQwgnUvkarkMst'TurKtTSg

Lay. manxH enABIekgmanmitPkiFab'kdUcK~a xneLIgCaG~kman G~kFM mitenaHK~aKanBMnwg

BwgJk'

k*mkrkxnedmI[CYyedaHsayCYysegaHK~apg

k*sab'Etxnminsal'Etmg.

manxH Em"bgbnxMenAEscMkar xMrksuIejIstagTwk ykVk'mkpt'pg'[kUn[bnenaHeron

sUtecHdg. kUnk*bnenaHeronsUtVnecHdgeFIkarmanzan:xg'xs' sab'EtVnbBnkUneK

G~kman k*kayeTACaG~kFM G~kmansm&yf ePcEm"ePc ePcbg ePcbnGs'rlIg. CYnkal

mayBukmkrk bBnenaHk*Vb'[eTAv^j CYnkalbBnenaHerobVyTwk[Kat'Gas&yCa

mYyQ~l edkCamYyQ~l. elakFMenaHtcab'GarmN_GITSgGs'. CYnkalbBndak'kMrit

mayBukekk[Qb'mkrkeTot. elakenaHk*enAesm. mayBuknigbgbn VnEtTwkEP~k

QWcab'{bnwgTgykeTAkan'pHsEmgsukkMeNItv^jEtb"ueNaH.
Gs'elakFunenH

tamEdlxMFab'sal'manecInEdr

EdlxMsUmGP&yeTas

suMmin

beJjeQaHeT Tuk[elakenHgsuxsbayeTAcuH ! mnusEbbK~aenHEdr manxHBIedmk

rMeho

mankMeNItenAEscMkar

sab'EtmkesBKb'tvenAkugenHeLIgCvPaBxs'manpHf

ssrd k*eLIgcageCarekgkag Elgsal'G~ksukCamYyK~aEtmg. xHsal'EdrEtsal'

k~grebobemIlgayK~afaK~aCamnusEs CamnusefakTab edrC^tminVnniyayelgyUrmin

ekIt, xHeTotEdlBIedmBUCBgenAEscMkarkb'Pk'kb'CShalfhalePg, VnmkeFIFMenA

kug k*tSgbmafG~kEscMkareCrsIkUnsuTEtedl faGaG~kEs ! kMueFIdUcG~kEs ! Vn

esckIfaG~kEsEdlciJwmxnenaH BmTSgCaedmvgrbs'xnenaH Gakk'Nas' KMrk' ! man

xHeTotFab'bYseronenAvt k*Fab'epxnnwgelaksg eronVneFIkarVnbBn bBnsYrfa

bggFab'enAvteT? bursGniteyIgeqIyfa eT ! bgminsal'vtenaHmankud^v^harEbbem"cpg

68
eT ! bgminFab'enAeT ! xHeFICaeBIsYrbBnfaGUngEdlsah_cUlvtEdr? bgFujNas'

cUlvtmg@ emIleTAekgvtragEGnGnETlTlxilTmk' bgmincg'eXIjeT ! gakeTAkEng

sukm"mu"k gakeTAVyTwkEsttElt hWu [bgenA bgminecHenAeT!!! En! ecHhamat'edl

tHsMbukedmrbs'xneTAekIt ! xnFab'edrTak'@ yYrcansak'bbresog tIegt tIeqIrCamYy

elaksg eTACaGIcwgeTAekIt!

xHeTotmanmitPtiFab'ekokdK~aeTANamkNaral'@ f sab'EtfmYytvVneLIg

eFIFM k*eKcElg[CYbmuxmitenaH k*VnCYbEdrEtBegyeTAElgsal'K~aEtmg. niyayfa

sal'nSefakxneJHxnLvFMdu.
Edr?

mnusbu"nanCBUk

EdlxMVnsegterobrab'mkenH

KWsuTEtCamnusGktJ

rmilKuN

Gs'elakG~kcg'[eQaHfaCaGI

mnusemGMeEdlePckMeNItedmxnCadgv.

mnusCBUkenHKanstismCJ:k~gxnbnicesaH. KandgxnesaHfaenACuv^jxn eKxwbexv

nina esIctHtiHedlxneBjTMhwg. eJHmnusTSgGs'K~asuTEtmanbvtiBit@ rbs'xn G~k

dTeKtamsal'hUrEhmk G~kenHdgtg'eNH G~kenaHdgtg'eNaH xnmkeKcEklubs~am
danrbs'xnEttwmeBlbcbn~enH lubem"cnwgVn. ema"HehIyekri_eQaHxnenaHvaenAEtsy
rhumGIcwgeTA.

ehtuh~wgehIy VnCaxMsuMpSbn@ yuvCnExrfa emtakuMyktmab'tamBYkemGMe Edl

ePcxnfaxnBIedmCadgvenaH.

y"agem"cVnCaxMcg'[ecos?

Gs'elakEdlmanbmat'efmCaemGMe

elakmin

sal'Em"elak mitPkielak KVGacarelak vaCasiTirbs'elakeTetI? xMenHmkGHGag

eCtECkGI? manbeyaCn_sI?

xMsUmCmabfa mkBIsegteXIjfa :

BYkGs'elakTSgenH tveKlbesIceBbCay ehIyCamnusxHmitEdlsucrit

BYkGs'elakTSgenH ebImaneKaHf~ak'efaHysskiFak'xndUec~HdUec~aH eKral'K~aTH

dbnrfa[sLHsaFueTAcuH

BYkGs'elakTSgenaH tvEm"bgbnmitPkibeTcpasadak'TMnay [rlayrlt'

Kb'@ K~a.

xMsegteXIjy"agh~wg,

xMcg'[yuvCneyIgEdlCassrTTg'beTsExrBIenHerog

eTA VneTACabuKllKb'@ K~a maneKrab'GanesaHdUc@ K~a KanmitPkicSesIceBbCay, Kan

BYkma"kcSpna[liclg', KanEm"dak'bNasa eTIbxMsuM[ecosrebobCvPaBemGMeenaH.

ma"gv^jeTot CabeyaCn_dl'sgmbCaFibety eyIgtvEtecosvagrebobenaH BI

eJHeyIgtvsagsmPaB edrKngPatrPaB edmvDnPaBnigsuPmglsgm. BIeJHEt

erOgvDnPaBnigsuPmglnsgmeyIgenHehIy eTIbxMnSykerOgemGMemkeJlk~gTIenH.

69

saJk'md
G~kFMxHmankJminxusBIsaJk'mdeT. saJk'mdenaHvay"agNa? saEdleKbM-

Jk'[ehIy

vaEtgePcxnfakalvamanJk'md

vaePcsanEtkalvaenATeT

EtkalNa

rmas'kal k*tSgelIkeCgeGHkalPam nS[eKemIlyl'Pamfa vaCasaBitVkd eJH

Jk'dl'mdehIy

dEdl.

enAEtminkan'kzan:CaG~kmanmdJk'esaH

G~kFMeyIgxH

EdleTIbnwgVnysskixg'xs'k*dUec~aHEdr

enAEtkan'kCasttircan
ecInEtePcxnfaxnCaFM

ecInEtenAeLHeLaHceLmcLWm nS[efakTabdl'zan:eKgGs'. G~kFMxH minecHTSgsuCv

FmxagpvTUteTotpg ecInbBwtCamYyePvbreTsGMeBIepspasnS[xaseK minxasEtxn

gm~ak' KWnS[CatiExrEdlmanxnCadNagenaH xaseKtamenaHEdr eJHxnCaG~ktMNagExr

eFIGI k*dUcCaExreFIdUec~aHEdr. xMmitm~ak'enAbreTsniyayVb'xMfa manGs'elakbuKlikTUt

eyIgxH

tvePvbeTsEdleyIgeTAenAenaH

GeJIj[eTABisaePaCnenAeKhdanrbs'eK

edayeKmanGeJIjePvbreTseTot [mkrYbrYmpgEdr. elakbuKlikTUteyIgenaH elak

ePcxnfaelakCadNagExr ePcfakEngenaHCakEngsukeKEdleyIgtvby&t~ k*tSgBisa

suraya"gecIneTotpg

edaymanesckIeskXanCaxSgBIpHeTA

eJHKan'EtTTYlsMbut

GeJIjCb'elogPam elaksMelogmat'Caesc cSeTAGas&y[EqtTal'Etql'enAkEngeK

Etmg elakthanTTYlTanGIenApHeT xaceTApHeKTTYlTanminekIt titminXan elakTuk

eJH[TeTsat cSeTAvat'[NaNIenApHeK. manGI! XanBIpHmksab' elakbriePaKGahar

nigBisasaVny"agecInKYrsresIr!!! sab'EthYskMrit k*ePIPaymkv^j rYck*tSgktcegar

ChitChmmYyrMeBc

nS[ePveTotemIlmkKb'K~ay"agPak'epl

eKexm

eKykdxb'

cmuH ! mat'rEckrecakCECkK~alan'eLIg k~gcMeNamePvTSgenaHfa : {! Kat'enHExr ExrGIeK

enHsIupkGIk*Gakk'GakIem"H? eyIgminEdleXIjminEdlyl' nrNaKmk'dUcExreT!

JkenHBIeraHeT? KWCaJkEdleKemIlgaycMeJHmkExrTSgGs' edaysarEtelak

mas'enaHg eFI[efakTab.
taml

eyIgEdlCatMNagCatiExrKYrrkakiriyamaryaT[Vnff~r

Tukkitiys[

sukeTsnigbgbnExr. KYrkuMcg'qaj'hYsehtu KYrGas&yBIpHsgt'eJHxH[ehIy dl'eTA

Gas&yCamYyeK vabBwteTAVnsYl. ehIyebITukCaBuMVnGIdak'eJHesaH k*KYrxMGt' Gas&ylmEtcb'esInwgeK

TukeJHmkGas&yenApHeyIgv^jcuH.

kuMGas&yTal'Etcak'CH

ktcegarcgab'cg^ldUec~H eJHvaxaseKxSgNas' munnwgeFIGI@nimYy@ KYrnwkfaGataGj

70
CatiCaExr etagby&t~cMeJHExr karJrbeyaCn_Exr eTIbbeTsCatieyIgfefgeTArYc m~ak'@

CYyelIkbnicbnceTIbnKrcMerIneTArYc.
xMnSerOgenHmkniyay

eJHcg'Tajkarbugby&t~Gs'miteTot

EdleTAQrenA

breTs nigGs'elakEdlePvbreTsGeJIjeTABisaelogenApHeKz^tenAk~gbeTsExrpg

Etbu"eNaH [bugsartIbugxnCanic kuM[eFaynS[xaseK. ebIminecHminyl'cab'Tmab'eT

sYrGs'elakG~kNaEdlelakecHdgeTA
FmxagpvTUtenaH.

eJHminxHeTGs'elakG~kEdlecHdgnUvsuCv-

ebImincas'kuMGHGag
bgbneyIgxH cUlcitniyaykarGIEdlxnVndgEt 5 eT EtniyayeFIecHdgBit

rhUtdl' 10 15 eNaH KYr[sayNas' eJHnS[xusBtmanBitGs'rlIg.

dUcy"agbcbn~enH EdlsukkMBugmanclaclsgam mrNP&yKb'kEng bgbn

eyIgK~atvkardgsankarN_BitVkd G~kxHEdlmindgsankarN_cas'eT EtniyaydUcCa

cas'Nas'GIcwg. dUckalvayK~aenAdd manxHniyayGHGagfa GU! BYkrMedaHcUldl'ekon
sayehIy ! xMVnebIkrfyneTAemIldl'kEng BuMeXIjdUcCaJkGs'elakenaHniyayeT

xMtLb'mkv^j sYrGs'elakenaHeTA elakenaHeqIymkxMv^jfa: eT! xMeKfacas'Nas' fa

BYkrMedaHcUldl'ekonsay LvebIBuMBiteT xMk*mindgEdr ! qyGIcwgeTA !

enHebIfaeyIgCYyeXasna[stv k*faVnEdr eJHnSdNWgminBitmkniyay [K~a

P&yenAk~gkugeNH. bgbneyIgcUlcitNas' erOgeKfaehIyniyayGHGagdUcCacas'

Nas'GIcwg. eyIgKYrkMcat'p~t'KMnitGkuslenHeTA. G~kniyay KbIeTAeXIjcas'nwgEP~k

swmniyay. G~ksab'KbItiHriHBicarNa[EmnETnswmeC. kuMPrbntamK~a kuMeCbntamK~a[

esaH, ebIPrbnK~a eCbnK~aenHnwgnS[epldUcTnayP&yEpeB~A rt'JsvalJskaleBj

TSgPUmiminxan !

KYrniyayEterOgmanbeyaCn_

xMsegteXIjGs'elakmFm@ xH ecInCnuMniyayK~aelgerOgGt'beyaCn_. dUcCa

mundbUgniyayeLIgerOgneyaVysukeTsEmnehIy bu"EnniyayVnEtbnick*tSgmanm~ak'

nSEv" niyayBIerOgsIjI Elgebo eV"eNaHPam rYcTSgGs'K~ak*tSgeTATSgm"t'erOgenaHEdr.

xHmansMdfImat'BUEkniyaycMeGscMGas dUcCaxnenaHKanmayCasI KanbBnCasI Kan

kUnsIGIcwg vaseLIgJksuTEtGasGaPas dUcBYkG~kbmwkGava"EsdUec~aHEdr. lkN:

eyIgCaG~kFM G~kecHdgrlayGs'rlIg.

71
dUcy"agKsarraCniymCnan'edm Gs'elakCnan'cas'@ Kg'nwgCabxHminxan. ebI

KsarescNakan'lkN:twmtv lkN:ff~r KsarescenaHmanraseKarBecIn cUl

citecIn. pyeTAv^j KsarescNaminkan'TMenomTMlab' kwtv^n&y cab'brmburaNeT Kan

rasNaeKarBeT. eKarBy"agem"c ebIBYkenaHk*CaBYkGava"Es sI sa ebo eV" BHGgmas'

ktamanbBnrab'minGs' GagTBBHraCTBcayvayxHxay dUceKCHkdasVk'tam

bgcecal,

BHGgmas'ktIk*Edr

bIecInbrpas'kt'eQaHminGs'minTan'

mnusmYykumEdl[KMrUdl'eKsuTEtGakk'TSgGs'.
Gs'.

lkN:GasGaPasGakk'GakIenHehIy

dUec~HsrubesckIeTA

EdlnS[xUcTMenomTMlab'

KYrNas'EteyIgG~kFMk*eday

G~kmFmk*eday

vaeTACaBYk

bBNIExr
niyaysIGI

niyayBIerOgxwmsar Tak'TgCaBiessnwgCati edmI[manBnWk~gkaredaHsayrkvDnPaB[

Cati. ebIeyIgCYbCuK~aehIyrvl'EtCECkkakkayEtBIerOgsI sa GaePonkJa eboeV"enaH

maneBlNanigBIeKaHerOgsuk.

eyIgKYrnSK~aEbrmkrkKMnitl. Gb'rMkUnecAExrmitPkiExr, [Vnrs'CaExr sab'eTACa

Exr, ekItv^jCaExr [ExrmanChrnigkmSgmSmYnteTAGnaKt !

KYrBt'eQIkalBIenAtUc
KsarExrxH PaKecIn ecInEtG~kmanTBsmti TMeyITMerIskUnminrvl'Gb'rMGITSg

Gs' xHsLaj'kUnCul eJHkUnmanEtmYy xHeCarxngedayGagTBFn kUnTarbu"nanVn

bu"eNaH xMykcitvaTMerIsvatSgBItUcKansal'ehAfay"agem"cxHxat y"agem"cKan y"agem"c

k. luHdl'vaFMeLIgTmab'rbs'vak*tvEtbgMmayBuk[rkenH [rkenaH rkminecHcb' tSgBI

semkbMJk'eKOgGlgar rhUtdl'rfynl@ CacugbMput. Em"xHecHEtxMeTaleTA Em"xH

eTaleTABuMrYck*tSgkac'Bt'ekgenaHmkv^j. eBlBt'enHehIyEdlEm" 100 PaKryfrrhuwH

Kvkalttat' dkdegmFMVb'eKVb'gfa : hWu GakUnxM emkUnxMvaeFI[xMlMVkdl'ehIy
TarenH TarenaHminecHGs'minecHehIy ehIyeronsUtGI@ KanekItesaH eXIjEtBYkm"akeTA
eNHeTAeNaH BcuHBeLIg ! . ehIyKat'cg'[eKCYyedaHsayKat'pg etIeFIy"agNa[kUn
enaHVnsab'Kat'xH?
manv^FIGI?

[kUnenaHyl'fa

Kat'lMVkcitpg?

[kUnenaHQb'epspaspg?

cMeJHv^FIenaH manEtepmGb'rMedayTajekgenaHbnicmg@ Bnl'va[eXIjehtuGa-

kk'EdlbNalmkBIvaepspasenaH BmTSgBnl'[vayl'plbeyaCn_nkareronsUt

pg. yUr@ eTAbEhlCaVnbkbxH. enHCaKMnitxMpal'eT. bu"EnerOgsMxan'EdlxMcg'eJl

k~gTIenH KWerOgeyIgtvkarJrekgkuM[xUcTan'eNaHeT eJlKWeyIgtvGb'rMvatSgBItUc [va

72
dglGakk' efakTabeNaHeT. ekgdUcCatYxnmnusm~ak'Edr eyIgtvkarJreraKva besIr
CagcSBaVleraK. eyIgtvGb'rMekg[l CaCagcSEttEmtmg'va k~gKaEdlvaFMehIy
enaH. eraKmksitk~gxneTAehIy f~SxHdak'eTAdl' G~kCmWk*rs'eLIg f~SxHdak'mindl' G~kCmW

k*sab'eTA.

ekgEdlTemIsCuleTAehIy

ceLIsebIshYseTAehIy

Gava"EsCuleTA

ehIy k*dUcmnusmanCmWdabEdr f~SGb'rMBiVknwgdak'BaVl[CaNas'. ehIyedayPaK

ecIn yuvCnEdlEkElgeLIg KWmkBImayBukbENtbeNayCul [vaGava"Es rSErk suI

pkKb'mitPkisuTEtBYkJl. xMsegteXIjfa sm&yenHekg@ Qamrav cUlcitbegteK

ehAfa esorBI ( Surpris ) tamrebobGWr"ub. xHEbbcg'Gava"EsEdr. Em"kUnsIxHmundbUgEbb
sresIrkUnsIxnfa kUnGjecHrebobbreTs, dl'yUr@ eTAeXIjplminsl edaykUnsI

enaHdUec~HdUec~aHeTA tSgedkQWcab'kLab'pab'parrkVj'ecal, rkkat'kal'. xngExr va

minyl'erOgEbbGWru"besaH beNay[kUneFItamEbbGWru"b. tamxMdgyuvCnGWru"b kar{bK~arS

ErkmkBIFatuGakassukeKtCak'rhUtdl'Fak'Twkkk tvkar{bK~a[mankMedAkk'ekAk~geBl

rSenaH. ma"geTotkarrS{brwtK~a KWCakarFmtarbs'eKeTAehIy sukeyIgGasuIeNHCasuk

ekA emIlcuHrVMbeTscinCaedm eKrSErkmg@ BuMEdl{brwtK~aeT ecIntwmEtcab'cugdK~arS Ca

karesc. dUcrVMrSfUn rSvg' rSkac'CaedmmanVnb"Hsac'K~aNa eXIjfasmrmehIy
sMrab'sukeyIgbeTsekA. cuHebIeyIgykrVMG~ksuktCak' mkelgenAsukekA karenHva

manplepg karrSenaHminEmnnS[kk'ekAeT pyeTAv^jvanwgnS[plGakk'eTAfekay.

ekgNaecHKitk*KitTan', ekgNaEdlxilKit k*beNayxneTAtamesatNaGIcwgeTA !

tg'h~wgehIyVnCafa eyIgCaEm"Exr KYrkuMbENtbeNayeBk eJHGs'elakG~k

BitCaenAecHQWcab' kalNaeXIjkUneyIgminedaytamTUnanenaH.
dUec~HeTIbfa

KbIeyIgGb'rMkUnecAeyIg[yl'Gakk'ltSgBIvaenAtUc@

enaHmkpg

eTIbVnpll. cMeJHerOgGb'rMekgtSgBIenAtUc@ eTot xMsuMCUnerOgpal'xnmYy xMmankUnecA

CaecInnak' xMEtgBnl'kUnecAxM[sal'cas'TuM sUmImnusbMerIenAk~gpHrbs'xM k*[kUnecAxM

ehABYkenHedayJkrabsarEdr KW[ehAbgenH bgenaH mIgenH mIgenaH hampac'min[ehA

emenH emenaH GaenH GaenaH Eg"ghg Gamwg dac'xat. ehIyebIekgNatUcCagkUnxM xMbgab'

[kUnxM[ehAfa GUnenH GUnenaH drab.

elakeGIy dl'eBlkUnecAxMeTAeronsala xMPak'eBItEtmg edaysah_kUnecAxM

ecHeCrbeJarenAcMeJHmuxxMEtmg. xMk*VnehAkUnFMCageKmksYrfa : gecHrebobeCrenHBI

Namk? kUnenaHeqIyfa : xMecHmkBIsalaeron KUknxMvaeCrxM vaTas'nwgxM vaeCrmayxM vaehA

xMfa Ga xMk*ecHBIvamk ! eCrbeJark*ecHBIvamkEdr !

KYrGs'elakBicarNaEdrerOgenH. ebIsgmeyIg ebIKbegneyIg ebImayBukTSg

Gs'K~a minCYyENnSBnl'kUnecA [sal'JkBIeraHBisatSgBIekg@ eTAeT vaBiVkEkxSg

Nas'. BYklm~ak'BIr muxCadYlereTAtamBYkGakk'ecInK~aenaHBuMxan.

73

KYrsnKglkN:ExrxHpg
sm&yenH

G~krs'enAk~gsgmeyIgKbItiHriHBicarNaGMBITMenomTmab'Exr[Vnm"t'

ct'eTApg. kEngNaEdlhYssm&y Edlminsmrm minsbnwgdeNIrkarbeTs k*KYr

ecaleTAcuH bu"EnkEngNaEdlbgajEbbbTlkN:ExrtSgBIdUntamk eyIgBuMKYrnwgkat'bMVt'ecalesaHeLIy.

xMcg'eJlBIerOgsMelokbMJk'.

dUcCabuNsB

xMFab'eXIjExrcas'@

Cnan'mun

ebIEhsB bus@ eskJk'BNs kavat'exA EskeCgexA, sI@ Jk'Gavs sMBt'cgkin

BNBIgTuM exA emIleTAEbbrmTmNas'.

dl'mkLvenH eKeskJk'tamGMeBIcit

eTAbuNexacdUceTAbuNkz^n cUlvtdUc

CacUlrgsal cLkcLMhak'dUcCabeTsenHeTIbEtekItm"eNaH KanvbFmTMenomTmab'GI

esaH.

taml KYrEteyIgm~ak'@ enAk~gsgmCYysnKgnUvlkN:GIEdlCaExrenaH [enAEt

CalkN:ExrteTApg eTIbbesIr.

erOgsMelokbMJk'enHeTot Gs'elakPaKecIncUlciteskJk'exaGavFM eBlbuN

eBlCnuM eTaHbIrdUvekAesIrEbkkalk*eday. GakasFatuekAesIrhuyEpg eyIgsuxcitTS

EbkejIs KlMGavFMeFImuxCUr. semkbMJk'eKebIk~gbeTstCak' FatutCak'Fak'Twkkk

gykmkKluM[EbkejIs. enHCaGMeBIEbbbTxusTMngEdr. xMBMru iHKn'eT ebIGs'elakcUl

citbMEbkejIsrebobenaH EtxMyl'fa ebIeyIgeskJk'[sal'rebobrgaekAenaH Gs'elak

G~knwgVnslxn ehIyVnsmrmpg.

GMBIerOgTuksk'esH
sBfenH enAbeTsxHenACuv^jeyIgenH maneyokNam fLg'd_ hIlIBIn eKkMBugEt

by&t~erOgyuvCnTuksk'esH EdleKyl'faeFIxUcTMenomTMlab'lrbs'sukeK BmTSgeK

mincg'[suIv^l&yxusTMngenaH qgmklb'elIvbFmrbs'eKpg. kEngxH eKcat'P~ak'gar[

cScab'yuvCnTuksk'Evgykmkkat'sk'enaHecal. ehIysukxH enAcMNtynehaHpal'Et

mg eKsuMGeJIjePvbreTsTuksk'Evg[cUleTAkat'sk'enAkEngmYysmrm EdleKbMrug

TukCaesc munnwg[breTsenaHcUleTAkan'kugrbs'eK.

74
eyIgeNHv^j eyIgmancat'karGIEdrelIerOgCnTuksk'EvgenH?

eXIjmanEtmYyeBlKt' KWelakbFanaFibtI ln'-nl' bkas[yuvCnTuksk'Evg

kat'sk'Evgrbs'xnecal kalBIExmIna 1972, bu"EnmanyuvCnNasab'bsasn_elakbFa

naFibtI ln'-nl' eT? Gt'eT !

sUmGP&yeTas

EkgxMyl'cLM

xMsegteXIjfa

yuvCnsgaTuksk'esH

(min

niyayBIBYksilkrnignisiteT) ecInEtCaekgJl ekgkab'cak' lYcbn' qk'naLika qk'

Exk tampartampv G~kkugeyIgmUlmat'K~aehAfa: BYkGaTuksk'EvgGaTuksk'esH.

eyIgKYrepmBnl'yuvCneyIg[ecosvagerOgTuksk'EvgenHpgehIy eJHminCakar

lemIlesaH buscLMsI sIcLMbus xusBIEbbbTExr. eyIgKYremIlbeTseKEkrxag

eyIgenaHpg eKeFIy"agNa eKkarJry"agNa.

KbImWugma"t'[VnyUrGEgg
enA{kaspas'rbbKb'Kg

enAbeTsNak*edayk~gelakenH

eKEtgEtpas'tam

rebobekAeTAtambJti[mnuseFItamkuM[elgVn. CaBiess luHtaEtG~kkan'GMNacenaH

by&t~bEygxagpvcab' eKarBcab'eTApgeTIbVncemIn cab'enaHgmanbsiTiPaB. dUc

CaKYsareyIgnimYy@

Tal'EtemKsarenaHBUEkmuWgma"t'

eTIbKsarenaHVntwmtveTAtam

Kngl minEmnrg'cSEtsmaC^kKsarenH eKarBtamEt{vaTxnCaemenaHeT. y"agNamij

beTsCatinimYy@ k*dUcenaHEdr KYrNas'EtG~krkaGMNac sitenAk~gKngcab'enaHeTogTat'

muWgma"t'eTIbbCaBlrdVnsuxsaneTAekIt

EtkalNamineKarBcab'

eFItamEttNarbs'

xnenaH beTsenaHeTAmuxBuMrYceT enAEtv^lvl'dUcEbbcas'dEdlCadEdl. ma"geTot ebI

eyIgtwgeyIgmuWgma"t'BIdbUgy"agNa
qab rYcFUrEstenaH.

eyIgtvtwgtvmWugma"t'[rhUteTA

kuMtwgmuWgma"t'EtmYy

dUceyIgVneXIjsab'fTI 9 tula 1970 eyIgbkasbeTsCasaFarNrd KW

sntfabrpas'Gs'rebobrab'cUlTSgElgJlapg,

eboeV"

enAmuxskmunIectiypg

sisanusisVnTSgdutrUbsMNak

CasJafaeyIgtvQb'elgeboGaeV"geTotehIy.

enA

eBlenaHdUcCasb'bnic bu"EnminyUrb"unan ElgJlak*rs'revkeLIgv^j mkBIGI? mkBIcab'

eyIgbnrbnyqinq rYcG~kxagelIEbbxilbnicpg k*beNay@ Tal'EtGIcwgeTA. ExreyIg

mancrittwgrwugmuWgma"t'EtmundbUg yUreTAFUrEst.

niyayerOgeyIgqab'bnrenH xMenAnwkeXIjbnicfa enAq~S 1940 kaleyIg, raCkar

VrSg-Exr,

VntTl''cmSgesomKKwkKeKg

EtminEmnTan'CasahavdUcsBfenHpgeT

raCkarVrSgVneFIsMbutcuHfTI 17 mifuna 1940 hamVmTSgGs'min[ebIkvg'rSecog

sukekItsgam. kaleNaHsat'Gs' ehIysat'rhUtrab'q~S. eyIgsBfenHmindUec~aHeT

75
hambiTEtmYyEPtebIkv^j eragkunk*eday rgsalk*eday dUcCacab'sitenAEtelIkdas

esaHEtmg hamGIKanbsiTiPaBdUcCnan'VrSgeT. niyayenHminsresIrcab'VrSgeT Et

sresIrfaKMnitVrSgvamuWgma"t'EmnETn.

eJHEtvamWugma"t'EmnETnGIcwgehIy

VnCavatt

kalgekIt. ExreyIgeJHEtFUrEstEstBEltGIcwgehIy VnCaBiVkeKcputBIkJHeK

TSgrasTSgnamuWnenaH.

xMniyayenHdUcCaql' bu"Ennis&yxM xMVnscafaxMsuMrs'enACaExr sab'eTAk*CaExr

ehIyrs'k~gkMeNItfv^jk*CaExrEdr. xMmincg'[CnCatiNakaLxMCaCatiepgesaHeLIy.

ma"geTot eyIgcUlcitEteFscSC^tswmeFIEtmg. nwkemIl enAeBlksagGImYyenA

tamexttamkug Gs'elakecInminsUvbjab'eFIeT luHEtdl'eBlC^tsemaFEtmg k*tSg

bjab'eFITSgyb'TSgf KvsKvas[EtVnehIysmab'semaF ykKab'mYyeBlenaH

eTA. sYncarKanpa kac'pamkedatbeJateTA, GNgKanTwkdgTwkBIrbILanykmkcak'[

eBjeTA smab' BHGgTtsresIr eBlebIksemaFsmiTirukpl ekNykeckm~as'l@

mkdak'KreJrJsbgaj, ehIyTugman'mYyk*ecHEtedrehIrehaHtamBHGgesIrKb'ext Pr

bJak'GMBIkarcMerInxagciJwmman'. GagEt xak' K fg', kUnecA KitEtBIPrvk'v ykem-

day. En ! sm&yenaH !

LvenH sm&yenH xMsUmeFIsMNUmBrkuM[EhltamdeNIrmunenaH[esaH. rYmK~aeFI

GI eFI[esaHmWugma"t'[rhUtkuMbnr.

karsniHsg&y
G~kdknSExr tSgEtBIedmmkcUlcitEtsg&yK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. karsg&yenH ecj

plCakarkab'smab'K~atbNI.

G~kEdlkMBugkan'GMNac rEmgEtgEtminTukcitcMeJHG~kEdlFab'rYmkarCamYy eday

ecHEtEkgfa ticelaGaenHvadeNImGMNacGjeTA, ticelaGaenHvalbsmab'GjedmIyk

tMENgGjeTA ! ticelaGIecH ticelaGIcuH ! ecInbkar.
kalebInwkreGIldUec~aHehIy

k*tSgElgTukcit

rYcebICYnmanGamIuGaefagcak'rukbnic

pgenaH k*tSgeCCak'EmnETn fashkarImitBIedmenaHkt'xnEmnETnEtmg. dl'mktg'

eNH k*tSgrkelsecaTbkan'shkarIenaHmitenaH [K~aeTACaGakk' edmIykeTAsmab'

ecalTeTeTA.

plv^VkEdlekIteLIg

suky"agFMeTApgk*man.

edaykarecHEtsg&yK~aenH

CYnkalnS[ekItsgamk~g

xMsuMrMlwkerOgmYy: escsuKnbT (rvagstvtr_TI 15 n Ks) sLaj'Kab'BHT&y

nwgbnfeQaH kn enaHNas' EfmTSgbTangarCa XunhgBHesc tttaelIksYg

76
sgkarIEfmeTAeTot.

ekaymk

k*sab'Etsg&yfa

XunhgBHescknbugdeNIm

GMNac. luHsab'Jkcak'rukBYkmnIEdlsb'XunhgBHescknenaHEfmeToteTA k*yl'fa

XunhgBHescknbugkt'EmnETn eTIb[eKtamcab'XunhgBHescknykmksmab'.

XunhgBHesckndgxn k*ePosxneTAekNraskt'EmnETnEtmg ecjmuxcSgnwgesc

EpndeBjTMhwg. bCarasekItv^nashinehacexacpaGnrkb smab'K~adUcstFatu. Xun

hgBHesckneFIKt'BHsuKnbTeTAv^j ehIyykraCmkesay tSgxnCamas'Epndqy

ehIyk*tSgsbayrSErktamKngescEpndBegy ! . enHrassab'mYyelIk. esckn

enHkMBugEtetktGal k*sab'EtescGgcn (GgcnTI 1) ecjBIesommkv^j elIkT&B
KKwkKeKgmkedjescknenaHeTAv^j.

karkab'smab'K~ag

vHsac'kac'qwgK~ag

k*pus

eLIgmgeTot bCarasv^nasCv^trab'BuMGs'. TMrSEtplescknVn cMNayesIrGs'BUCExr

EdlxSgBUEk.

enHCaerOgcas' EdlG~kbvtisaseKdgKb'@ K~a ehIyrkehtueTAeXIjfa KWmkBI

escG~kdknSecHEtsg&yG~kEdlFab'EtsLaj'BIdbUg

eJlKWescsuKnbTsg&yelI

XunhgBHesckn rhUtdl'manerOgnS[rassab'JsvalJskal.

erOgfmYyeTotkalBI 20 q~SmunenH nrNak*dgEdrfa sWg-gu"kfaj' rt'cUlBeTACa

emExresrI k*edaysarescsIhnuminTukcitKat'. rMlwkerOgenHeLIgv^j G~kP~MeBjnwkeXIj

Pam. kaleNaHelak sWg-gu"kfaj' tvrdaPiVlVrSgedaHElgmkv^j. f30tula1951

elak sWg-g"ukfaj' mkP~MeBj rasExrrab'mWunnak'TTYlKat'. sIhnuk*sab'EtEkgrEGgfa:

Gy"a, GaemenHmanrasrab'GanxSgNas'etI, minsYleT fekayemenHmanbCabiy

PaBsemImehIy GjGs'manmuxmanmat'ehIy dUec~H tvcat'karykGaenHecjeTIbVn.

sWg-gu"kfaj' minEmnmantecokdUctecokJg manEP~kdUcEP~ksINa Kat'mantecok

nigEP~kCamnusEdr dgxnk*ePoscUlBVt'.

erOgmYyeTot nrNamindg CYn-mu"m CaG~kecHdglIBIsukVrSgmk. Kan'Etehob

Etnwgdak'eCgcuHCan'elIdeJFcintug

k*sab'EttvdkeCgeLIgynehaHv^jbjab'.

cuH

NaVn? ebIBYkEqsIhnuenAetometobtacSxSJMykeTA[sIhnuenaH. eKfa CYn-mu"m Ca

mnuskhm.

mYyeTot, 4-5 q~SmunenHnrNaeTAePc? hU-yn', hU-nwm, exov-sMpn VnVt'xn etI

edaysarnrNa? KWmkBIBYkniymesc BYkBukrlYybrivarescJlsIhnu BYkcvSg .l.

rasExrNam~ak'EdlePcJkeCrbeTcral'f rbs'semcsIhnu eTAelIBYkTSgbIenaH?

srubmk s[eXIjfaG~kdknSeyIg KWsIhnuenaHrvl'Etsg&yvrCneTot rvl'Et

nwgcENnnwgbCabiyPaBeKeTot rkerOgmin[nrNalUtlas'xs'CagxnekIt [manEt

xnm~ak'CakMBUl Caedm Caem CakelIeK .
lTplnTid^cgenaH

nS[vrCnbJvnXatqayBIsIhnurhUtdl'sBfenH

man

bkmanBYksuIsac'hutQamK~aKanBicarNa eJHEtkarkan'eCgBYkkhm BYkexov minKitBI

77
rYmrs'CaExr edaysuxsanesaH. xMniyaymkbu"eNH etIGs'elaksegteXIjEbbenHeT?

suMCYyBicarNapg.

ehtuGIVnCaeyIg{nfy
xMyl'fa ExreyIgsm&ystvtr_TI 13 ksagnKrvtrYc k*cab'cuHfyTiBlbnic

mg@ drabdl'erovrYcrYjdl'sBfenH. ehtuemck*dUec~aH? edayehtufa Cnan'enaH eKpac'kar

Bn'eBkebIkmSgmnusdUceKa-kbI [dkfFM@ manTmn'hYskmSgykmkeFIVsaT ehIy

bg[eFIKaneBlsmak. VsaTTSgLayenAGgrBitCamrtkGnusavrIy_rbs'dUntaeyIg

VkdNas'. enAeBlksagVsaTTSgLayenAGgrrYc eyIgkt'sMKal'eXIjbCaBlrd

xUcTwkcitGs'

rhUtdl'stvcUlmkvaybeTsCati

bCaBlrdeBlenaHkMBugFujTan'

nwgkarlMVkBn'eBk k*ekItcitenOyNayElgmancitkarJrbeTsCatieTA. ehIyrhUtmk

ecHEtcuHfyTiBlCalMdab' tmanvrCnNaCYybNHTwkcitbCaBlrd [Pak'rlwkeLIg

v^jeT ecHEtbeNayyUrCayUreTA bCarask*eTACaGs'sgmcMeJHeCaKvasnaxn nS[

xUcTwkcitrwtEtxSgeLIg. NamYytvBYkescC^HCan'pg NamYyCvPaBlMVkpg k*edkpg

cSEtvasnabu"eNaH.

enAeBlEdlvacUllukbeTsenHmg@

stvEtgEteXasnafa

eyIgmkCYyrMedaH

G~kral'K~a[rYcBIkjSrbs'BYkmnusmYycMnYnEdlkMBugEtC^HCan'G~kral'K~asBf.

KYrkt'

sMKal'faenAeBlstvcUlmkvaymg@ minEdlGt'manmnuskt'rt'eTAcUlxagstvenaH

eT EtgEtmanCadrab CYyeXasna[stveTot CaehtunS[bCaBlrdyl'cLMfa eKmk

CYyrMedaHeyIg[rYcBIkarlMVkKb'y"agEmn

etagEteyIgCYyxagstveTIbVnesckIsux

ehIybbYlK~acUlxagstvedaymindgxneTAeTot. BIenaHerogmkdl'stvtr_TI 17 eyIg

cab'cuHEmnETn dl'mkstvtr_TI 18 ExrkayCaCatimYyVk'sat Gs'manKMnitGIehAfatsU

enaHrlIg KitEtBITUlkeJIrt' rt'CaTmab'Cab'mkdl'sBfenHEtmg.

Gs'elakCYyBicarNaemIl rhUtdl'bcbn~kalenH etIy"agNa? eyokkugyYnxag

eCgcUlmkvaybeTsExr dutbMpajGs'pHsEmgG~ksuk ehIymanescsIhnuVnCYy

EskBYkenaHeTot CaehtunS[bCaBlrdeyIg eTAtamKngstvtr_mun@ Etmg. xMsuMrMlwk

edayesaHtg'fa eJHEtKngVk'satveggcUlnwgstvral'@ Cnan'enHehIy eTIbnKr

kmCaFibtI enArYmrYjtUcbu"nVtdsBfenH ehIyebIkuMEtVrSgcUlmkeFICaecAhayTan' kuMGI

rlayVt'pgk*mindg

VnVrSgvacUlmk

vaxaXSgTuktttak*VnenAsl'bu"eNH.

ehIyvasnakmCaeyIgEdltvEtmanecAhaytttaenaH.

enH

cMeJHkar{nfyTanuPaB xMsUmebobeFobeTAnwgmhabeTsxHBIsm&yburaN dUc

y"agmhabeTscinbCamanit CamhaGMNacenAGasuIEdr kalCnan'esccineQaH C^n-sIu

78
(1)

hYgTI Chin Shih Huongti

xacBYkmu"gehalcUlvay beTscinescenaHk*cab'sagkMEBgd*FM

stvtr_TI 3 munKisskraC (Grande Muraille) ehIyEvgrhUtdl'VMJn'KILEm"t nS[bCa

CncinlMVkevTnaCaGsar

sg'rYckalNa

bCaCncinht'enOyy"agxSg

KankmSgeFI

sgamesaH. TTYleBlenaHBYkmu"gehalk*cUlmkvayeTot ehIyeXasnafamkCYybCa

Blrdcin[putBITasPaB bCaCncink*eCmYycMnYnFM ElgCYykgT&BrdaPiVl nS[kgT&B

rdaPiVlTn'exay beNaystvvayFaymhakMEBgenaHeTA ehIymhabeTscinsm&y

enaH k*Fak'cuHk~ghaynPaBeBlenaHeTA.
enAeGhIbk*dUec~aHEdr

ehtuEtcg'VnekreQaHxs'esInwgeTvta

esceGhIbeQaH

ramessTI 2 Vnsagmhaectiy Pyramide TukCakitiKuNd*sMxan'rbs'skvg bnab'BIenaH

mk eGhIbk*cuHfybnicmg@ drabmk.

karcuHfyTiBlTSgeyIgTSgeKenH KWbNalmkBIkarG~kKb'KgsvabTajEtnwg

erOgkitiys cg'bkYtnwgGaTieTBCak'cas'Nas'.

LvenH xMsUmniyayGMBIbeTsEdleKVncemInv^jmg. etIeKcat'kary"agdUcemc

xH? dUcy"agbeTsCbu"n kalBIstvtr_TI 19 escrbs'eKeQaHGFiraC emGiC^ (Meiji) Bs

2410 Ks 1866 VnPak'rlwkeQgyl'fa : beTsCbu"ntvEtmanG~kecHdgecInteTA

GnaKteTIbVncemIn ehIyKannrNabmafVn. KitdUec~aHk*cat'bJnkUnsis[ecjeTA

eronenAbreTsCaecInbeTs.

minyUrbu"nankUnsisenaHecHdg

bemIbeTsCbu"nv^j VncemInCalMdab'drabdl'sBf.

nScMeNHecHdgmkeFIkar

(2)

beTsfk*dUec~aHEdr esceQaHBHVTsemccuLacmekA

kalBIq~SBs 2411

Ks 1867 Vncat'kUnecAeK[eTAeronenAbreTsCaecInK~adUcy"agelak XYg GP&yvg,

hgbDIP~Myu"g Caedm eKecHdgtLb'mkv^j mancMeNHKb'v^s&ysmab'eFIkar[beTs

f. eyIgExreNHv^j manescNacat'kUnsisNa [eTAerondUcCbu"n dUcesomeT?

enAsm&y Bs 2411 Ks 1867 enaH escExrkMBugEtdeNImGMNacK~a bg

smab'bn bnsmab'bg deNImK~aesayraCsmti. bCaBlrdsab'KreCgelIK~a. tmk

manEdr

ksYgGb'rMCatibJnkUnsis[eTAeronenAbreTs

edayCYypl'GaharUbkrN_

edaycMnYnticehIyscesIgEfmeTot k*beTsenaHmaneK[GaharbkrN_ bu"Enmg@ eday

ebIBHGgminsBBHT&y k*tSg[rdaPiVlpac'GaharUbkrN_BIsisenaHCabjab'. sis

enaHK~aEtletalveggv^lvl' Elgcg'enACaExr cg'EtsuMbreQaHcUlsJatibreTsEtmg

edmIrs'ranmanCv^t. escExreyIgvaGIcwg ! KMnitenH KWKMnitmincg'[nrNaecHCagxnCaBYk

esc bu"Enminyl'fa KMnitxb'K~agmin[ecjekAenH CaKMnitsmab'eFIxMeKenaHeT. escenH

1- sresr[tvKW Qin Shi Huangdi CamharaCaFiraCcinTI1

2- namBitVkdKW BHVTsemcBHcuLacmekAecAyUhY

79
minyl'fa EtkalNabCaCnlg'ehIy beTsnwgsitenACaxMeKenaH minyl'eT. san
Etfa Gjesc GjecH, ecHKb'sB? ebIKandeCgmnIesnabtICaG~kecHpg manEt

BYkGbEGbbnrelIkeCgehkhkmuxekay etIeFI[suklUtlas'eTAekIt? eJHehtu

dUec~HehIy, eTIbVnCasBf eBlmanGasn~ekIteLIg eyIgxHG~kecHdgsMxan'@ smab'

eFIkar eyIgpkpak'kickarEteTAelIbuKlmYycMnYn[eFIkar ehIyebIBYkenaHeFIxuspac'kar

Gava"Eskt'Cati lk'Cati k*tamEtBYkenaHcat' G~keTot KandgKanyl'GITSgGs' eJH

mindg minecH KansmtPaBnwgCYytamemIltEmtmg' ecHkickarenHpgesaH.

dUcmanJkkaBbrmburaNEtgeJlniyayt@ K~amkfa
\escexA namWunexA dUcBs'nagtaveBnmat'CeNIr| .

\escVC namWunmhiTiyk dUcBs'BPak'eBnmat'Tar| .

\escVC namuWnVC dUcBs'naKraCJMEkvmenara| .

enHehIy lTplnkarXat'hamrbs'BYkesc BYkelaPGMNacCnan'mun@ EdlEtg

rk{kasCTas'erOy@ min[sisecjeTAekA xaceTACakhm eTACaexv. En ! KMnitenHKYr

[xacrGaxSgNas' eJHCaKMnitEdlnS[sukrlayedaymindgxn.

KYrmancitsbrs
xMVnsegteXIjG~kmanf~ak'esdKhbtIxH ehkhkCYyCatiEtbbUrmat'ekA: eGIcS

CYyksagenH cSCYyksagenaH, eGIcSq~Sekaysin cSeTA! edkcSeTA! BYkenaH kalsemc

sIhnuenA sIhnubkasEkg@ xackumynIscUlmkbmUlTBsmtiTukCarYmsmac', k*

Vnniyayfa: hwuH, cSq~SekayeTA GjsagkUnsalamYy[ekgeron, cSdac'ExenHeTA Gj

cUlCasmaC^ksgCati, cSfEskeTAGjykGMeNayeTA[Tahan (kaleNaHTahanenA

trmanC&ynigBHv^harkMBugkxt'Gt'Xany"agxSg rdaPiVlGMJvnav[CnCati rGgas

mbkMb"ugykeTA[TahanTSgenaH). EskCaEsk feNHCafeNaH ExenHCaExenaH q~SenHCa

q~Sekay, manGIGt'TeT! GjKanrvl'nwgesckIGMJvnavsITSgGs'! nrNaeFIGIeFIeTA! dl'

mksm&yenHeTot bCaCnExrkMBugliclg'k~grlkmhnrayvinasTBsmtiGs'rlIg K
sarJt'Vs'K~a, kUnExrkMJetobta, xHCmk, xHGahar xH{sfedkcSEtsab'Kb'Tis

tMbn' KWfaCvPaBbCaCnExr kMBugtvcMraj'TwkEP~kEskehACnYyrlUg@ k*BYkGPiCn BYk

esdKhbtITSgenaHxb'EP~k biTtecok ElgeXIjElgTSgGs'. nrNasab' nrNaevTna

GjmindgTSgGs'. rdaPiVlGMJvnav GMJvnavxl'eTA! GjGWueGIEtmat', cSfenHf

eNaH ExeNHExeNaH suMCYy[enH[enaH. edkcSeTA ebIrebHGMbilmYyKab'!

En G~kmansukExrvamanGIcwg vaminEmndUcBYkesdKhbtIGIusaEGl eKenAdl'eTA

shrdGaemrikeNaH eKecjluyecjkak'epeTArdaPiVleK [rdaPiVleKmankmSgeFI

80
kartsUCamYyGar"ab'. ebIminVnGI k*GMeBIsbrsenaHg CakarelIkTwkcitTahaneK elIkTwk

citG~kdknSrdeKy"agCak'EsgEdr. esdKhbtIsukgedkcSemIl GWueGIEtmat'ekA.

kalsemcsIhnuenA BYkG~kkMNaj'TwsIsrenaH niyayGagelsfa sagsan

salaeFIGI ebIsemcykeTAdak'eQaHsemcTSgGs'enaH? Vt'eQaHgGs'rlIg Vn

beyaCn_GI? luHdl'sm&yenH BYkdEdlenH niyayeTotfa CYyeFIGI ebIBYkenHsuTEtBYkBuk

rlYy, xilrvl'CYyeFIGI.
En!

vaeTACaGIucwg!

BYkTSgenaHmanelsrhUt.

tamBitebIsagsala,

pHeBT,

sagTICmk, bricaKVk'kassvGgr[bCaCnEdlK~amanrbt'rt'lUn mkcmuHkalK~adUc

dgvenAP~MeBjkI enATINakI edaypal'deTA etIVt'eQaHeyIgNa? GMeNaymnusFm

eyIgmanFak'eTAelIdBYkEdleyIgfa BukrlYyenaHNa? ebIeyIgbkan'bkBYk eyIgb

kan'eTAcuH enHminEmnbCarasExrenAkan'bkBYk dUceyIgm"enaHNa? KWeyIgbKl'[cM-

eJHmnusGt'XanEtbu"eNaH minEmn[mnusEdleyIgsb'enaHeT KW[dl'rasExrEdlCa

BUCGMbUreyIgeTetI.

tamBiteTA KYreyIgG~kman@, KhbtIemIm@ manmnsikarCati mansghFmxHeTApg

k~gevlaEdlsukeyIgkMBuglg'licenH

eJHeyIgral'K~asuTEtfacg'eFItamGIusaEGl

ehIysuTEtfa eyIgCaBuTsasnikecHeFIbuNsunr_TanenaHpg.

KYrsah_kt'taBwtikarN_epg@
tamFmta ksar nigBwtikarN_TSgLaynsaklelaknigbeTsCati rEmgman

tMkl'TukenAbNal&yCati.

bNal&yCatiCaXSgksard*FM.

bu"EncMeJHbNal&yCati

eyIgv^j ebImanG~kniBnNa tvkarsavCavrkksarNamYyenaHBiVkrkNas' ehIyCYn

kalrkBuMVnpg CaBiessfExnBwtikarN_Cnan'mun@ rkKanesaHEtmg BIeJHKannrNa

nwgrvl'kt'taTukesaH.

bkarmYyeTot mkBIG~kxHeTABinitksarGanesovePAmuxNamYy eXIjerOgtg'

Edlxntvkar xilcmg k*tSglYcEhktg'vKenaHmYyduecjmkCasmtipal'Etmg. KMnit

enHcgFM eJHVnbMVt'ksarmYyTeT min[G~kdTdgpg. sUmGs'elakEdlmanKMnit

enH emtaGaNitdl'G~kekay@ EdlK~acg'dgenaHpg. ebIGs'elakEhkykEtm~ak'geTA

K~aVnGIemIl? KYrKitGaNitEckcMeNHecHdgdl'K~a eTIbsukeyIgsmrG~kecHdg.

ma"geTot ksarenAsukExrBiVkrkNas' eJHG~kkan'karrdecHEtkb'bMVt'ecal

kaL[eTACadUec~HdUec~aH ykEtlk~gCnan'xnTSgGs'.

karkb'bMVt'ecal k*kaLbvtisasenaH eKsegteXIjCaBiessBYkescenHEt

mg. k~grCkalmYy@ rbs'xn BuMEdleXIjmanniyayGMBIerOgGakk'esaH suTEtlTSg

81
Gs' ehIyebImanGakk'xHenaH KWescekayCaG~k[eKsresrnUverOgescmunEdlsab'eTA

ehIy tamGMeBIGakk'escenaHy"agNa@ Etbnicbu"eNaH. erOgGakk'KansUvnrNakt'ta

TukeTenAk~gvSg bu"EnerOgGakk' erOgeXareXA erOgGBmglenAk~gvSg EbrCatvVneKras

EdldgenaH nSmkniyaypBpayeTAv^j. eyIgEdldgerOgk~gvSgfa escGava"Es eps

pasya"gem"cenaH k*edaysarEtJkeKniyaytlaylkN_GkrenaHEdr.

ma"geTot rMlwkeLIgv^j q~S 1968 enH semcsIhnu EdlxacmenaKmv^Cacinkhm

cUlsukExr ehIyxactvraskhmcab'BrkenaH k*[ksYgsnisuxby&t~bEyg k~g

erOgesovePAcineb"kSgcUlsuk. ksYgenHk*bkasKmamkMEhgrkeQaHNaEdlmanesov

ePATsnavdcinkumynIsy"agxSg. G~kxacKukcvak' ehIyEdlFab'manesovePATsna

vdcineb"kSg

eBlenaHbmUldutecalKansl'

kUer"xageCg yYnhaNUyeTAeTot.

xHdutrhUtdl'eTAesovePATsnavdrusI

ksarCaecInEdlniyayBITwsIkumynIsenaH tvrlayGs'mYysark~gKaenaH.

eXIjeT xackumynIs Kmamras[dutksarerOgkumynIsecal. dl'eTAxwgnwg

GaemrikSg

tSgrkerOgdUec~HdUec~aHeTot.

ksarenAsukExrCnan'sIhnu

Bwl@

TSgGs'

niyayykEtBIl GYtsresIrEttYsIhnumYy bg^lerOgBit[eTACaerOgBuMBitv^j. erOgman

ecIn erOgsmab'ExrkhmenAextkMBg'FMy"agrgal erOgsmab'ExrkhmenAsMLt, P~Mvay

cab extVt'dbg .l. nig .l. etImannrNahansresrpayeT?
JkBitErgEsg ! sab' ! KannrNahanpayeT !

bu"EnkarBitvaenAEtBit maneKG~kkt'taenAEtlbkt'taVnGIcwgeTAEdr. KWGas&y

edaykarlbkt'tadUec~HehIy eTIbbvtiBitBImun vaGacpuseLIgVnenAeBlenH.

ehtudUec~H

eTIbxMsUmbgbnyuvCnTSgGs'emtasah_kt'taeTApg

nUvBwtikarN_

enAsukeyIg sNukdl'kUnecAeyIgvasYr eyIgmancemIycas'las'tbeTAv^j.

ma"geTotxMsUmeFIsMNUmBr cMeJHGs'mitEdlmankMNt'ksarepg@ enaH sUm

emtakuMlak'TuksmMdgEtgeFIGI ebImanbn@ yuvCnG~ksavCavK~acUlmksYr sUm[K~adg

pg. eyIgEckK~adgpaydNwgVnecInK~a sukeyIgsmrG~kdg eyIgminveggv^lvl' dUc

kalkngmkehIyenaHesaHeLIy.

samKIGgg
kalBIq~S 1964 xMBmTSgKsarVneTAelgcMkarenAcarGMeBA EdlCacMkarrbs'

BukmayxMyUrGEggehIy. xMVnsmakenAekamedmsaymYyedm EP~kxMemIlelIeTAEmk

say eXIjsMbukGggenAcugEmkmYyenaH. eBlenaHmanxl'Fak'mk mindgehtuGI sab'

EtmankUnEmkBukmYyFak'bwbmkBIelImkcMsMbukGggenaH dUceKykeQImkvayTmHdUec~aH

82
sab'EtkhmVkecjmkEtmg Gggd*lit@ enaHsHecjBIsMbukmkekAdUcCamanGasn~

FM rt'cuHrt'eLIgbescbsaceBjswkeQIC^t@ enaHmYyrMeBc dUcCadNwgsYrK~abjab'b-

jal'

GMBIerOgehtuEdlmanGIeFI[rJysMbukGmaj'mij. minEtbu"eNaH BYkvamYycMnYn

sab'EtcuHs mkdl'Kl'mYyrMeBc KUT-gxIt mat'hacvab dUcCacSbugCaesc nwgbhar

sINaEdlb"HJrdl'va. xMyl'fa GaBYkcuHmkenH TMngCacuHmksegtkarN_xagpekam.

GaBYkenHeLIgeTAv^j

CYbnwgK~IK~aenAJk'kNaledmsay

niyayVb'K~afa : xagekamKankarN_GIeT.

k*tSgQb'CYbK~abnic

TMngCa

edmIcg'dgcitGggenaHmgeTot xMykEmksIeTAjlsMbukvabniceTot sab'Et

BleLIgeTot khmPwsecjmkekA xHcuHmkKl' xHeLIgeTAcug suTEtBIelOn eJHvaman

Gasn~tvEtbjab' kiriyavargsrgasKKatGg'GacdUc@ K~a.

eXIjGggmanskmPaBKKatGg'GacBm@ K~adUec~H xMnwkEbkKMnitmkrkKitCatiExr

enAeBlekItsgam ebIVnbEhldUcstGggenH bEhlCaxSgstvminhanQanJn

CatiExreyIgeT. xMVnmkP~MeBjv^j xMenAnwkerOgstGggenHEmnETneTA k*rt'rkelak jg-

esOg EdlCamit [elakCYyEtgkaBsIGMBIsamKIGggenHeLIg.

xMsUmbYgsYgsUm[critCatiExrTSgmUl mansamKIrYbrYmK~adUcstGgg ecHrYbrYmK~a

TSgFMTSgtUc ecHmUlmat'K~a nSK~akarJrCatiExr[VnrugerOgsitesrcIrkalteTA kuMbIGak'

xaneLIy nwgsuM[VnCaCatimYymankitinamk~gGasIuGaeK~y_enH.

samKIGgg
GggcgmitCaBYkkum

rYmpsamKITItg'Na

kekItCakUnBUnCaecA

VnCajatiepAecInGenk

bugebobeCgkarTSgyb'f

EkgxSgcgciteXareXA

eFICasMbukTukrka

rayK~ayamlatcat'EcgEck
rMelaPrukranJncUleTA

kalNaEmkeQIregPam

EknBlbjab'qab'sHsa
beJjcgmKUT g esIt
snHTwkcittj"mj"b

BgeBjetobtaPas'bMEbk.

Kb'EmksareBIeQIlMenA.
C^HCan'lMenArbs'va.
vatTImTamtrYjra

BuHJrttSgbqSgtb.

EP~kesasn'esIteGItrhb

bugbbbyuThutsIusac'.

G~kEscMkarNak*dg

kalxnxMbwgya"gbrpac'

GggBtK~aTSgryJn'

xSeVsminTan'Pan'geg

eLIgebHGI@ CacSVc'

v^H@ bkac'BIcugeQI.

83
GaxHxSEP~kECkElgelI

GaxHrukerIxagElgekam.

xSehIyenamdak'cak'cUlEP~k

kneyIgbwgEskC^telcepam

eVsctsmab'Gs'BYkmun

BYkekayeTKuNEfmkmSg

Gya"s'-GyU"yGggecam
rab'ryJn'muWncUlttSg

B&TeLamCuC^tritxSxSg.

bqSgxMxScSBtK~a.

NaEdlgab'munk*gab'eTA

NaEdlrs'eTAtrYjra

enHKWsamKIstGgg

samKIht'hgcgmann&y

sgtsuHsbnK~a

TukCatmab'cab'bB

brpac'BuHJrcSgykC&y.
mnuselakKYrlKKitcuH.

jg esOg

84

Gvsankfa
Gs'elakG~kGanCaTIeKarB,

tSgBITMB&rTI 1 erogmkdl'enH xMsresr xMeJl KWekIteLIgedaysuTcitrbs'xM Edl

xMcg'[bgbneyIg CaBiessyuvCneyIg mankarPak'rkkan'EtxSgeLIg kan'dK~arwty"ag

ENnehIycit[esaHCYyywteyagbeTsmYy EdleyIgral'K~akMBugepCv^tsBf ehIy

EdlkMBugFak'TDeTamKYr[Gnica [VnegbmuxnwgeKeLIgv^j k~gstvtr_ekay@ eTot.

cMeJH exmrCnmas'TwkdkmCanaGnaKtkal, xMsUmbn'sn' sUmkuM[manvasnaGa-

kk'CUrct'

lk'xl'dUcCaeyIgxMVnTTYlnastvtr_enHeTot[esaH.

sUm[VnsuxcMerIn

manvDnPaB suPmgldrabelIKngyutiFm smPaB esrIPaB bCaFibety d*BitVkd !

cMeJHxM xMsUmebCaedayscvacamgeTot enATMB&rcugekayenHfa : xMsUmsab'edmI

Exr ekItedmIExr nigrs'edmIExr . erogral'Cati xMsUm[VnekItCaExr rs'CaExr sab'Ca

Exr kuM[XateTANaqayBITwkdkmCaenH[esaH .

ehIyxMeCCak'fa Gs'elakEdles~haCatism&ybcbn~ ehIyEdlkMBugeXIjsuk

eyIgEbkVk'K~a hYrEhkK~ay"aggb'gl'sBfenH muxCamankarQWcab' ehIymuxCanwgebCa

dUcJkrbs'xMxagelIenHEdrBuMxan.
Exr

ma"geTot xMsUmTis critExr cMeJHBlwgyuTCnTSgGs' EdlVnbUCaCv^tedmI

saFarNrd

edayesaH.

tSgBIenaHmkenH.

xMsUmTuks~adenHEdlxMsntfa

xMsUmeKarBBlwg

nigv^JaNknGs'elakTSgenaH

CakMNb'GnusavrIy_k~gmYyCv^trbs'xM

EdlVn

rs'enACagknHstvtr_mkehIy ehIyVnhk'EhlrlkBwtikarN_neyaVysukExresIr

KancenaHenH TukCaGnusavrIy_cMeJHGs'elakG~kGanCamit nigyuvCnCabn@ enAsm&yenH

nigsm&yt@ eTAeTotedayesaHGs'BIdYgcit. sUmGs'elakG~kGannigyuvCnbn@ TSgGs'

TTYlnUvesckIeKarBrab'Gand*xg'xs'GMBIxM .

fTI 20 kkda 1973

buNcn-m"ul

85

matikaerOg
matika
Garmkfa

TMB&r

esckIepm

CBUk 2 :

10

CBUk 4 :

23

CBUk 1 :
CBUk 3 :
CBUk 5 :
CBUk 6 :
CBUk 7 :
CBUk 8 :
CBUk 9 :

CBUk 10 :

Gnusasn_

14
27
30
33
37
41

46

59

KMnitlYcykeyabl'eK

61

KMnitmanEtGj

60

KYrEtBieKaHsaksYr

61

KMnitsgswksYrBUC

62

KMnitxacneyaVy

KMnitpaj'pal

KMnitcg

emGMe

62

63

KMnitelaPBegcBgl

64

cUrby&t~mnusCnit

66

saJk'md

ebImincas'kuMGHGag

65

67

70

69

86
KYrEtniyayEterOgmanbeyaCn_

70

KYrBt'eQIkalenABItUc

71

GMBIerOgTuksk'esH

73

karsniHsg&y

75

KYrmancitsbrs

79

samKIGgg

81

KYrsnKglkN:ExrxHpg

KbImWugm"at'[VnyUrGEgg

ehtuGIVnCaeyIgcuH{nfy?

KYrsah_kt'taBwtikarN_epg@

Gvsankfa

73

74
77

80
84

87

GMNrKuN
G~kniBnsUmEfgGMNrKuNCaleCAcMeJH

elak tan'-KimhYn bFansPaCati EdlVnpl'nUvfExnBwtikarN_xHsm&y

mun

G~kniBn Kuy-Lt EdlVnpl'ksarsm&yekaymkeTot BmTSgVnCYy

cat'Ecg critExr drabmanCarUbragenH .

buNcn-m"ul

tml'Tuktamelx 649
cuHfTI 5 kkda 1973

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
vayGkrsaeLIgv^j: Xun-BIm"Uc

CYyBinitnigEksml: man'Bwk
shrdGaemrik

2004