Practical characteristics of an op-amp

Name :

Section :

Input Impedance
The ratio of the input voltage change to input current change, measured at one input terminal.
The range is from 10 kilo ohms to 100 mega ohms.

Human Hair: Approx.

Output impedance

1x105 nm

It is the ratio of output voltage change to output current change.

Range of tens to hundreds of ohms.

GAIN
Practical Op-Amp has a gain of order of 50000

Common Mode Reflection Ratio ( CMRR )

CMRR is the ratio of differential Mode Voltage Gain to the common mode voltage gain
CMRR = Vd/Vc
For Practical Op-Amp Range is 60 to 100 dB.

Bandwidth
Bandwidth of a practical Op-Amp in open loop configuration is very small.
Can be increased with the application of negative feedback.

Input offset Voltage (Vios)

A small DC Voltage that is applied to one of the input terminal, which makes the output voltage
Zero, Which makes the output voltage zero, When other terminal is grounded is called input Offset
Voltage.
Range is from 1 4 mV.

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

Input bias current is defined as the current flowing into each of the two input terminals
when they are biased to the same voltage level i.e. When Op-Amp is balanced.
-6
-14
It is of the Order of 10 to 10 A

Physicist Richard Feynman

Input offset current ( I ios)

The difference in magnitude of I
I

Ios

lI

b1

- I

b2

b1

and I

b2

is called as input offset current.

It is of the range 20 to 60 nA.

Output offset voltage Voos

The voltage existing at the output when inputs are zero is called output offset voltage.

Slew Rate
Defined as maximum rate of change of output voltage with time.
S = dVo
dt max
Slew rate is caused due to limited charging rate of compensating capacitor and current
Limiting and saturation of internal stages of an Op-Amp, When a high frequency, large
Amplitude signal is applied.
Slew rate for the Op-Amp whose maximum internal capacitor charging current is known.
S = Imax
c
Typical value of slew rate of 741 Op-Amp is 0.5 V/M sec

Power supply rejection ratio (power supply sensitivity)

Defined as the ratio of the change in input offset voltage due to the change in supply voltage
Producing it, keeping other power supply voltage constant.
PSRR =

Vios
Vcc

Constant VEE

2 GB in 1980s $80,000
OR
PSRR =

Vios
VEE

Constant
2 GB inVcc
1990s $200

2 GB in 2010 $5