Op-Amp Parameters

Input Bias Current I bias 

I B1  I B 2
2
Ideally should be zero
The dc current required by the inputs of the amplifier to
properly operate the first stage.
Is the average of both input currents

IB1

IB12

1
Op-Amp Parameters
Input Bias Current

Range 10 to 100 nA for BJT

Range 1 to 10 pA for JFET

Reason : It is undesirable voltage drop in the resistors forming feedback network

2
Op-Amp Parameters
Input Offset Current (IOS)
 Is the difference of input bias currents
IB1

IB12

I OS  I B1  I B 2
Reason : It is due to lack of perfect symmetry in
input differential stage

3
Op-Amp Parameters
Input Offset Current (IOS)

Range 20 to 60 nA for BJT

Ios Temperatur e Re lation

I
Input Offset Current Drift  OS
T
4
 Op-Amp Parameters
 Input Offset Voltage [Vos]

 Ideally, output of an op-amp is 0 Volt if the

input is 0 Volt.
 Realistically, a small dc voltage will
appear at the output when no input
voltage is applied.
 Thus, differential dc voltage is required
between the inputs to force the output to
zero volts.
 This is called the Input Offset Voltage, V .
os
5
 Op-Amp Parameters
 Input Offset Voltage [Vos]

 Itis input voltage which must be applied

across the input terminals to obtain zero
output voltage.

 It
can be nulled by a external
potentiometer.

6
 Op-Amp Parameters
 Input Offset Voltage [Vos]

 Range between 2 mV to 5 mV.

Vos Temperatur e Re lation

V
Input Offset Voltage Drift  OS
T
7
Op-Amp Parameters
Input Offset Current
 Is the difference of input bias currents

Input offset current Offset voltage

I os  I1  I 2 Vos  I1 Rin  I 2 Rin   I1  I 2  Rin
Thus, error Vos  I os Rin
Vout ( error )  Av I os Rin
8
Op-Amp Parameters
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)

 The ability of amplifier to reject the common-mode signals

(unwanted signals) while amplifying the differential signal
(desired signal)
 Ratio of open-loop gain, Adm to common-mode gain, Acm
 The open-loop gain is a datasheet value

A dm
CMRR 
A cm
 The higher the CMRR, the better, in which the open-loop
gain is high and common-mode gain is low.
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Op-Amp Parameters
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)

 CMRR is usually expressed in dB

 A dm 
CMRR  20 log 
A 

 cm 

 Range 60 to 100 dB

10
Op-Amp Parameters
Common-Mode Input Voltage
It is the maximum range of input voltage that can be simultaneously
applied to both inputs without causing cut off or saturation of amplifier
stages.

The range of input voltages which, when applied to both inputs, will not
cause clipping or other output distortion.

11
Op-Amp Parameters
Difference -Mode Input Voltage

It is the maximum range of differential signal

voltage that can be safely applied to the OpAmp
input signal.

12
Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio (SVRR)

One of the reasons OpAmps are so

useful, is that they can be operated
from a wide variety of power supply
voltages.

The 741 op amp can be operated from

bipolar supplies ranging from 5V to 18V
without too many changes to the
parameters of the op amp.
Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio
The supply voltage rejection ratio (SVRR)
refers to the slight change in input offset
voltage per volt change in power supply of
the opamp.

SVRR = VOS /  VCC)

Range 10-5 to 7  10-5

Op-Amp Parameters
Input Impedance
 Is the total resistance between the inverting and non-
inverting inputs.
 Differential input impedance : total resistance between the
inverting and non-inverting inputs
 Common-mode input impedance: total resistance between
each input and ground

Range 100 k to 1 M 15
Op-Amp Parameters
Output Impedance

 Ideally should be zero

 Is the resistance viewed from the output terminal of the op-
amp. In reality, it is non-zero.

Range 40 k to 100  16
Op-Amp Parameters
Slew Rate
 Is the maximum rate of change of the output voltage in
response to a step input voltage.

Vout
SlewRate  where Vout  Vmax  (Vmax )
t 17
Op-Amp Parameters
Slew Rate
 It’s a measure of how fast the output can “follow” the input signal.

Range 50 mV/Sec to 500 mV/Sec

18
Op-Amp Parameters
Example
Determine the slew rate:

Vout
SlewRate 
t

 9V  (9V )
SlewRate   18V / s
1s

19
Output Voltage Swing
Max p-p output which
can be obtain without
waveform clipping

Range 50 to 80 % of
supply voltage

It depends on supply voltage

This parameters is useful in

switching application.
Maximum Output Voltage Swing
 Unity Gain bandwidth

In practice, the voltage gain decrease

at high frequency.

The frequency at which the open loop

voltage gain becomes equal to Unity
Gain bandwidth.

Range 1 to 20 MHz
 Unity Gain bandwidth

Frequency at which the open loop

voltage gain becomes equal to unity

Range 1 to 20 MHz
 Full power bandwidth

The maximum frequency over which

the full output voltage swing can be
obtained.
 Overload Recovery time

It is time required for the output stage

to return to active region when drives
to active hard saturation.

It depends upon the degree of

overload and feedback impedance.
Slew Rate at Unity Gain
 VE = VIN+ - VIN-
VIN- VOUT = a * VE

VIN+
Input Offset Voltage
Input Current
Input Common Mode Voltage Range

VICR - Average voltage at the inverting and

noninverting input pins
Differential Input Voltage Range

Absolute Maximum Rating