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5. Lm th no phc hi d liu b xa
Mi phng thc lu tr v truyn d liu s u c nhng c im khin thng tin c kh nng b xa, ly cp hay ph
hy. Cng sc hng nm tri c th b ph hy trong giy lt do b ly cp, do mt mt giy bt cn, do b tch thu phn
cng hay n gin ch v bn thn cng ngh lu tr k thut s tim n nguy c. C mt cu ni ph bin trong gii
chuyn gia h tr my tnh l "Khng c cu hi l c bao gi d liu ca bn b mt khng; ch c cu hi l iu xy
ra vo lc no". V vy, khi iu ny xy n vi bn, iu quan trng nht l bn c trong tay bn d phng v mt
phng thc c th nghim chc chn thc hin vic khi phc. Ngy m bn c nhc nh v tm quan
trng ca bn sao lu d liu th thng l ngy hm sau bn s cn dng n n.
Mc d l mt trong nhng thnh phn c bn nht ca bo mt in t, vic xy dng mt chnh sch sao lu d phng
c hiu qu khng phi n gin. Vic ny c th l mt vn phc tp v nhiu l do: nhu cu lu tr d liu gc v
d liu sao lu ti nhng a im khc nhau v mt vt l, tm quan trng ca vic bo m b mt thng tin, v kh
khn trong vic qun l vic chia s d liu gia nhiu ngi dng ang s dng nhng thit b lu tr lu ng ca
ring h. Ngoi nhng phng cch sao lu v khi phc d liu, chng ny cng gii thiu hai cng c chuyn dng,
Cobian Backup [1] v Undelete Plus [2] .

Tnh hung c bn
Elena l nh hot ng v mi trng ti mt quc gia n ting Nga, c bt u xy dng mt trang web vi nhng
trnh by sng to v hnh nh, phim, bn v nhng cu truyn nhn mnh nhng nh gi v s tn ph rng bt
hp php trong khu vc. C v ang su tp nhng ti liu, phim nh v vic khai thc g trong nhiu nm, v phn
ln thng tin c lu trong mt my tnh c chy h iu hnh Windows trong vn phng ti t chc Phi chnh ph ni
c ang lm vic. Trong lc thit k trang web v vn ny, c cht nhn ra tm quan trng ca n v quan tm ti vic
bo v n trong trng hp my tnh gp s c, c bit l trong trng hp iu xy ra trc khi c kp ti mi thng
tin ln trn trang web ca mnh. Nhng ng nghip khc i khi cng s dng chung chic my tnh ny, nn c cng
mun hc cch khi phc d liu ca mnh trong trng hp ai v tnh xa cc th mc cha d liu ca c. C hi
ngi chu Nicolai gip c xy dng k hoch sao lu d phng.

Nhng iu bn c th hc c t chng ny:

Lm sao t chc v sao lu thng tin
Bn nn lu tr d liu d phng u
Lm sao qun l cc d liu sao lu mt cch an ton
Lm sao khi phc nhng tp v tnh b xa

Xc nh v t chc d liu ca bn
Trong khi vic thc hin nhng bc chun b ngn nga thm ha bng cch m bo thng tin ca bn c an
ton, khng nhim cc phn mm c hi v c bo v bi mt tng la tin tin cng nhng mt khu mnh, nu
ch c vy vn cha . n gin ch v c qu nhiu iu c th xy ra, bao gm tn cng ca vi rt, tin tc, chp in,
mt in, b nc vo, b mt trm, tch thu, nhiu t, h thng b li v phn cng hng, ch l vi v d. Chun b
trc khi c s c xy ra l cng quan trng nh l ngn chn n xy ra vy.
Elena: C bit l vic sao lu d phng l rt quan trng Nikolai , nhng liu c c cn nh ai ci t gip c khng?
c l liu c c thi gian, ngun lc v kin thc t lm khng?
Nikolai: C s lm c thi. c c mt k hoch d phng tt cn u t suy ngh mt cht, nhng iu khng
tn nhiu thi gian hay tin bc. V so vi vic b mt d liu, th vic ny khng th coi l phin phc c, phi khng
c? Bn cnh , vic sao lu d liu ng nhin l vic mnh nn t lm ly. Tr trng hp c nhng chuyn vin tr
gip v k thut thc s ng tin cy cng nh c thng bo chi tit v nhng ni c lu tr d liu ca mnh, cn
khng th c nn t thc hin vic ny.
Vic u tin xy dng chnh sch d phng l hnh dung xem tt c nhng d liu c nhn v cng vic ca bn
hin ang c lu tr u. Ly v d th in t ca bn c th c lu tr trn my ch ca nh cung cp dch v,
trong my tnh hay l c hai ni cng mt lc. V ng nhin l bn c th c nhiu ti khon th in t. Tip theo, c
nhng ti liu quan trng trn my tnh bn s dng, c th l nh hay vn phng. C nhng thng tin lin lc, thng
tin v cc cuc trao i v nhng thit t chng trnh c nhn. Cng c nhiu kh nng d liu cn c lu trn cc
a lu ng nh th nh USB, cng cm ngoi hay a CD, DVD v a mm. in thoi di ng ca bn cha danh
sch lin lc v c th c nhng tin nhn quan trng trong . Nu bn c mt trang web, n c th cha tp hp nhng
bi vit ca nhiu nm lm vic. V cui cng cng ng qun nhng d liu phi s na nh s sch, nht k hay th t.

Tip theo, bn cn xc nh xem trong nhng d liu ny, u l nhng tp chnh v u l nhng d liu sao li. Bn d
liu chnh thng l bn c cp nht nht ca mt hay nhiu tp v l bn m bn s s dng mi khi mun thay i
ni dung. R rng rng s phn chia ny khng cn thit cho nhng d liu ch c mt bn sao, nhng li v cng cn
thit cho mt s loi d liu. Mt tnh hung xy ra s c thng gp l khi ch d liu sao li c sao lu, v bn chnh
ca d liu th b mt hay ph hu trc khi nhng bn sao li ny c cp nht. Hy tng tng khi bn i du lch u
mt tun v thc hin vic cp nht d liu ca mt bng tnh m bn lu gi trong th nh USB. Ti thi im ny,
bn cn ngh rng bn d liu trn USB ny l bn chnh v bn sao lu nh k t ng ca bn d liu khng c
cp nht ti vn phng bn s khng gip ch g.
Hy c gng ghi xung u mt cch r rng v v tr xc nh c th ca tt c nhng bn sao chnh v bn sao li
ca tt c nhng loi d liu xc nh pha trn. iu ny s gip bn phn nh r cc nhu cu v bt u xc nh
chnh sch sao lu ph hp. Bng bn di y ch ra mt v d rt c bn. Tt nhin danh sch ca bn c th di hn
nhiu v c th gm nhiu thit b lu tr vi nhiu hn mt kiu d liu v nhiu loi d liu khc nhau hin din trn
nhiu thit b.
Bn sao li
Kiu d liu

Bn sao ch/ bn sao li

Thit b lu tr

Ti liu in t

Bn chnh

cng my tnh Vn phng

V tr

Mt t ti liu in t

Bn sao li

Th nh USB

mang theo ngi

Chng trnh c s d liu (nh, lin lc, lch, vv) Bn chnh

cng my tnh Vn phng

Mt t ti liu in t

Bn sao li

a CD

Th in t v a ch lin lc

Bn chnh

Ti khon Gmail Internet

Tin nhn v lin lc in thoi

Bn chnh

My in thoi

Mang theo ngi

Ti liu vn bn giy (hp ng, ha n, vv.)

Bn chnh

Trong ngn ko

Vn phng

nh

Trong bng trn, bn c th thy rng:

Nhng d liu cn li nu cng ca my tnh ti vn phng bn b hng l bn sao d liu trong th nh USB v
a CD ti nh.
Bn khng c bn sao d liu ngoi tuyn ca th in t v thng tin lin lc, v vy nu bn qun mt khu (hay
ai c c tm cch thay i) th bn s mt kh nng truy cp chng.
Bn khng c bn sao no khc ca d liu trong my in thoi ca bn.
Bn khng c cc bn sao li, dng s hay ph t ca cc ti liu vn bn giy nh cc hp ng hay ha n.

Xc nh chin lc sao lu
sao lu ton b cc dng d liu lit k bn trn, bn cn kt hp c phn mm v phng n thc hin. c bit
bn cn m bo rng mi loi d liu thng tin c lu ti t nht hai a im khc nhau.
Cc loi ti liu in t
To bn sao lu ca nhng tp ti liu trn my tnh ca bn s dng mt chng trnh nh Cobian Backup [1] , s
c cp chi tit hn bn di. Lu bn d liu sao lu ny vo mt thit b lu tr di ng bn c th mang
v nh hoc nhng ni an ton khc. C th s d dng hn khi dng a CD hay DVD cho mc ch ny hn l
cng cm ngoi hay th nh USB v bn s khng gp nguy c mt i d liu d phng trc y trong lc thm
vo bn d phng mi. a CD trng c gi thnh kh r nn bn c th s dng mt a mi cho mi ln sao lu.
V loi d liu ny thng l d liu c tnh nhy cm cao, nn mt iu rt quan trng l bn cn bo v cc d
liu sao lu ny bng cch m ha. Bn c th xem cch thc hin ti Chng 4: Bo v cc tp ti liu ti mt
trn my tnh ca bn [3] * v mc [Hng dn s dng TrueCrypt](/vi/truecrypt-main].
Cc chng trnh c s d liu
Mt khi bn xc nh c v tr ca cc c s d liu, bn c th tin hnh sao lu chng ging nh cc loi d
liu in t khc.
Th in t
Thay v vic truy cp hm th in t thng qua trnh duyt web, hy ci t mt chng trnh qun l th in t
nh Thunderbird [4] v cu hnh n hot ng vi ti khon ca bn. a phn cc trang web th in t u c
hng dn c th cch cu hnh cc chng trnh qun l c th ti v cc th in t. Bn c th tm hiu thm
v ch ny ti mc c thm bn di. Hy ch gi li bn sao ca th in t trn my ch, ch khng xa
chng sau khi ti v my tnh ca bn. Phn Hng dn s dng Thunderbird [5] gii thch chi tit lm iu
nh th no.
D liu trong my in thoi

 sao lu danh sch cc s in thoi v cc tin nhn trong my in thoi ca bn, bn c th kt ni in thoi
vi my tnh s dng phn mm thch hp, thng c sn trn trang web ca nh sn xut in thoi. Bn cng c
th cn phi trang b mt dy ni USB ph hp thc hin vic ny. Mt cch khc bn c th s dng chnh
chic in thoi sao lu tin nhn v cc s lin lc trn chic SIM in thoi [6] vo b nh ca in thoi, sau
sao chp li sang mt chic SIM in thoi [6] khc. Gii php ny c th l phng n sao lu khn cp rt hu
ch, nhng cn nh gi chic SIM card d phng ni an ton. Chc nng sao chp thng tin gia SIM in thoi [6]
vi b nh in thoi ni trn l mt trong nhng chc nng c bn ca in thoi, tuy nhin nu chic in thoi
ca bn cho php lu tr thng tin trn th nh cm ngoi th vic sao lu cng d dng hn.
Ti liu vn bn giy
Khi c th, bn nn chp li tt c ti liu quan trng v ct chng cng vi cc bn sao lu ti liu in t
cp phn trn. Sau cng bn nn thay i li cc thit b lu tr, loi d liu v cc sao lu d phng theo cch
tt nht trnh c ri ro mt d liu.
Loi d liu

Bn chnh/ Bn sao l

Thit b lu tr

V tr

Ti liu in t

Bn chnh

cng my tnh

Vn phng

Ti liu in t

Bn sao li

a CD

nh

Bn sao li

Th nh USB

Mang theo ngi

Mt s ti liu in t quan trng

Loi d liu

Bn chnh/ Bn sao li

Thit b lu tr

V tr

C s d liu Chng trnh

Bn chnh

cng my tnh

Vn phng

C s d liu Chng trnh

Bn sao li

a CD

nh

Loi d liu

Bn chnh/ Bn sao li

Thit b lu tr

V tr

Th in t v danh sch a ch email

Bn sao li

My ch Gmail

Internet

Th in t v danh sch a ch email

Bn chnh

Thunderbird ci t trn my tnh

Vn phng

Loi d liu

Bn chnh/ Bn sao li

Thit b lu tr

V tr

Tin nhn v danh sch lin lc in thoi

Bn chnh

My in thoi

Mang theo ngi

Tin nhn v danh sch lin lc in thoi

Bn sao li

cng my tnh

Vn phng

Tin nhn v danh sch lin lc in thoi

Bn sao li

SIM card d phng

nh

Loi d liu

Bn chnh/ Bn sao li

Thit b lu tr

V tr

Ti liu vn bn trn giy

Bn chnh

Ngn ko

Vn phng

Scanned documents

Bn sao li

a CD

nh

Elena: C bit nhiu ngi ct gi nhng d liu quan trng ca h trn hp th Gmail, bng cch nh km vo nhng
th nhp hoc gi email cho chnh h. Liu nh vy c c coi l ni ct gi th hai cho d liu khng?
Nikolai: Vic c th gip c trong trng hp c b mt mt hay vi ti liu quan trng, nhng lm nh vy rt l khng
hay. Thnh thc m ni liu c bao nhiu ti liu c mun sao lu nh vy hng tun? Thm mt iu na l c cn cn
nhc liu c an ton khi nh km nhng ti liu nh vy khng, c bit l khi c lun lo lng hp th b theo di. Tr khi
c m bo kt ni ti hp th Gmail l an ton nu khng th chng khc no dng m n ming mo. S dng kt ni
c m ha HTTPS n hp th Gmail lu d phng nhng vng m ha TrueCrypt hay cc tp d liu KeePass c
th kh an ton v cc tp ny c m ha, cn li chu khuyn c khng nn dng gii php ny nh l mt phng
n sao lu chung.

To mt bn sao d liu s
Trong nhiu loi d liu c cp y, mi ngi thng bn khon v cch thit lp chnh sch sao lu d
phng cho ti liu s. Thut ng ny c v kh rng nhng thng ch cc loi tp m bn t qun l theo di v
trc tip m chng bng cch nhn p chut? ln tp hay s dng mt ng dng tng ng trn trnh n File. C
th hn na, chng l cc tp vn bn, tp Word, tp trnh chiu, tp PDF hay bng tnh, v.v. Khng ging nh th
in t, cc ti liu s thng khng ng b vi cc bn sao qua mng Internet.
Khi sao ti liu s ca mnh, bn nn nh sao lu cc c s d liu ca chng trnh. Ly v d, nu bn s dng
mt chng trnh qun l lch lm vic hay mt s lin lc in t, bn cn tm ti th mc m cc chng trnh ny
cha d liu. Hi vng cc c s d liu ny s nm cng trong th mc cha ti liu s ca bn v chng thng
c lu trong th mc My Documents trn cc h thng Windows. Nu khng phi vy, bn cn m bo rng
th mc tng ng s c a vo danh sch cn sao lu thng xuyn.
Th in t c lu bi cc chng trnh nh Thunderbird [4] l mt v d in hnh v c s d liu ca chng
trnh. Nu bn s dng mt chng trnh th in t, nht l khi bn khng th hay khng mun lu bn sao ca
thng tin trn my ch, th bn cn m bo rng c s d liu th in t ny nm trong danh sch d liu c
cp nht thng xuyn. Bn c th coi cc tp nh, tp phim l cc d liu s hay l cc thnh phn thuc mt d
liu ca mt phn mm ty theo cch bn x l chng.

Nhng ng dng kiu nh Windows Media player hay iTunes hot ng theo kiu c s d liu. Nu bn s dng cc
chng trnh loi ny, bn c th phi tm trong ton b cng xem chng lu cc tp m chng qun l u.

Cc thit b lu tr:
Trc khi bn sao lu ti liu s, bn phi quyt nh xem loi thit b lu tr no s c s dng.
a quang (CD)
a CD c dung lng khong 700 Megabytes (MB). Bn s cn mt ghi a CD v mt a trng to mt a sao
lu. Nu bn mun c th xa d liu trn a CD ri ghi cc d liu mi ln , bn s cn mt ghi CD c th ghi li
c v mt a CD ghi li nhiu ln (CD-RW). Hu ht cc h iu hnh ph bin, bao gm c Windows XP, hin u
c sn phn mm iu khin ghi a CD v CD-RW. Cn ch rng thng tin ghi trn cc a CD thng b hng sau
thi gian t nm n mi nm. Nu bn mun ct gi mt bn d phng lu hn khong thi gian , bn cn sao lu
li cc a d phng ny nh k hoc c th mua loi a c thi gian sng lu hn hay chn phng n sao lu khc.
a DVD
Mt a DVD c th cha ti 4.7 Gigabytes (GB) d liu. Chng lm vic ging nh a CD nhng yu cu cc thit b
cao cp hn. Bn s cn mt ghi DVD hay DVD-RW, v loi a tng ng. Tng t nh a CD, d liu ghi trn a
DVD cng s b hng sau mt thi gian nht nh.
Th nh USB
Mt th nh USB c th cha c lng thng tin theo dung lng cho php. Th nh USB c th kh r k c vi
nhng loi c dung lng tng ng hoc ln hn mt a CD hay DVD v chng c th xa i ghi li nhiu ln.
Ging nh a CD v DVD, th nh USB c tui th gii hn, nm trong khong 10 nm.
My ch t xa
Mt my ch sao lu mng c bo tr ng cch c th c dung lng v hn, tuy nhin tc v s n nh ca kt
ni Internet bn s dng s quyt nh liu y c phi l mt la chn kh thi hay khng. Lu rng vic chy mt my
ch sao lu d phng ti ni lm vic c th cho tc cao hn so vi vic truyn qua mng Internet nhng s vi phm
nguyn tc lu tr d liu ti nhng a im khc nhau. C nhng dch v sao lu min ph trn Internet nhng bn nn
m ha d liu trc khi ti chng ln cc my ch thuc v cc c nhn hay t chc m bn khng bit hay tin tng.
Xem thm phn c thm c thm v d.

Phn mm Sao lu
Cobian Backup l mt cng c kh thn thin, c th c thit lp chy t ng, nh k ti cc thi im c lp
trnh, v ch sao lu cp nht nhng tp c thay i so vi ln sao lu gn nht. N cng c th m ha bn sao lu d
phng lm gim dung lng.
Thc hnh: Hy bt u vi Hng dn s dng Cobian Backup [7]
Lun lun l mt iu nn lm khi m ha cc tp sao lu dng cc cng c nh TrueCrypt. Thng tin thm v m ha d
liu c th tm c *Chng 4: Lm sao bo v cc tp d liu ti mt trn my tnh ca bn.
Thc hnh: Hy bt u vi Hng dn s dng TrueCrypt [8]
Khi s dng nhng cng c sao lu ny, c mt s lu sau y s gip h thng sao lu ca bn hot ng hiu qu
hn:
T chc cc tp trn my tnh ca bn. C gng di chuyn tt c cc th mc c cha cc ti liu s m bn mun
sao lu v mt ni, c th l bn trong th mc My Documents.
Nu bn s dng chng trnh c lu d liu s dng c s d liu ca chng trnh, trc ht bn cn xc nh
xem v tr ca c s d liu , kim tra xem chng trnh c cho php bn thay i v tr lu d ca n khng. Nu
c th bn cn a n v cng th mc lu cc ti liu s.
To mt thi gian biu tin hnh vic sao lu.
C gng thit lp quy trnh chun cho mi nhn vin trong vn phng cha c k hoch sao lu an ton. Gip cc
ng nghip hiu r tm quan trng ca vn ny.
Kim tra qu trnh thc hin vic khi phc d liu t cc bn d phng. Nn nh rng, khi c vn th bn cn
quan tm ti cch thc khi phc d liu ch khng phi l vic sao lu d liu.
Elela: c ri, vy c to mt bn sao lu d liu ti ni lm vic, v sao chng vo mt a CD. Phn mm Cobian
c thit lp cp nht bn sao d phng c sau vi ngy. Bn lm vic ca c c mt ngn ko c th kha c,
v c d nh s ct nhng a CD ny vo trong chng khng b mt hay hng.
Nikolai: Nhng iu g xy ra nu vn phng b ha hon? My tnh, bn lm vic, a CD sao d phng v tt c nhng

th khc? V trong trng hp din n ca trang web tin hnh mt s chin dch mi trng rm r, v nh chc trch
pht hin v mi th tr nn mt iu khin, v t chc ca c b khm xt? Chu nghi ng rng nhng chic a CD ca
c s thot khi b cng an tch thu y. Sao c khng gi chng nh hay nh bn b ct gi h?

Khi phc cc tp b xa nhm

Khi bn xa mt tp trong Windows, n bin mt khi mn hnh nhng ni dung ca n vn cn tn ti trong my tnh.
Thm ch sau khi bn chn lm rng Thng Rc, thng tin t tp bn va xa vn c th c tm thy trn cng
ca my tnh. Xem Chng 6: Lm sao hy thng tin nhy cm [9] hiu r hn v iu ny.
Bnh thng nu bn v tnh xa nhm mt tp hay mt th mc quan trng trn my tnh, chnh nh s km an ton
trong vic bo v thng tin va m t pha trn ca h thng gip bn c c hi khi phc li. C mt s chng trnh c
th khi phc mt s tp va b xa, trong c cng c l Recuva.
Thc hnh: Hy bt u vi Hng dn s dng Recuva [10]
Nhng cng c ny khng phi lc no cng c tc dng, bi Windows c th ghi thng tin mi ln nhng thng tin
bn va xa. V vy mt iu rt quan trng l bn s dng my tnh cng t cng tt trc lc c gng khi phc d liu
bng mt cng c nh Recuva. Bn cng s dng my tnh nhiu trc khi n lc khi phc th c hi thnh cng cng t
i. iu ny cng c ngha l bn nn ci t chng trnh khi phc tp sn trong my tnh ca mnh, Nu bn phi ci
t chng trnh sau khi xa nhm d liu quan trng th c nguy c chnh chng trnh bn va ci t nn s ghi
ln d liu m bn mun khi phc.
C v nh c rt nhiu vic phi lm thc hin c nhng chnh sch v hc nhng cch s dng nhng cng c
c cp trong chng ny. Duy tr phng thc sao lu d phng ca bn, mt khi h thng vn hnh tt s d
dng hn nhiu so vi vic thit lp ln u tin. C c bn sao lu d liu l mt trong nhng iu quan trng nht
ca qui trnh m bo an ton d liu ca bn v bn c th th gin v bit rng nhng n lc thc hin ton b nhng
vic ny l hon ton hu ch v xng ng.

c thm
Thng tin thm v sao lu v khi phc d liu c th tm thy ti chng Information Backup, Destruction and
Recovery [11] ca cun [Digital Security and Privacy for Human Rights Defenders]
C mt s dch v lu tr thng tin trc tuyn cung cp mt s cch sao lu thun tin cho thng tin quan trng c
dung lng nh, vi iu kin bn cn m ha chng trc .Dropbox [12] v ADrive [13] l nhng dch v kh tt.
C mt bi vit rt hu ch v khi phc d liu trn Wikipedia [14] .
URL ngun (c tm thy vo ngy 04/11/2015 - 03:13): https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/chuong-5
Cc lin kt:
[1] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Cobian_Backup
[2] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Undelete_Plus
[3] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/chuong-4
[4] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Thunderbird
[5] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/thunderbird-main
[6] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#SIM_card
[7] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/cobian-main
[8] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/truecrypt-main
[9] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/chuong-6
[10] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/recuva_main
[11] http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/manual/en/esecman/chapter2_3.html
[12] https://www.getdropbox.com
[13] http://adrive.com
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_recovery