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6. Lm th no ph hy nhng thng tin nhy cm

Nhng chng trc cp v tho lun v mt s cng c v thi quen gip bn bo v d liu thng tin mt ca
mnh, nhng nu bn quyt nh khng mun tip tc lu gi mt s thng tin na th sao? Nu bn xc nh, ly v d,
ch cn gi li nhng bn sao li c m ha ca mt s tp no l v mun xa bn chnh i, th u l cch
tt nht xa? Khng may cho bn l cu tr li phc tp hn bn ngh. Khi bn xa mt tp, ngay c khi bn chn
lm rng Thng Rc, ni dung ca tp vn cn nm u trn a cng ca h thng v c th c khi phc li
bi k no c trong tay cng c ph hp v cht xu may mn.
m bo rng thng tin c xa khng ri vo tay k xu, bn cn s dng mt cng c phn mm gip xa thng
tin mt cch trit v vnh vin. Eraser [1] l mt trong s , v s c tho lun bn di y. S dng Eraser [1]
cng ging nh vic x vn ti liu ch khng ch n gin l v v nm vo thng rc vi hi vng khng ai tm thy. V
tt nhin vic xa tp ch l mt trng hp ca vic bn mun ph hy nhng thng tin nhy cm. Nu bn quan tm
ti chi tit rng k no vi cng c ph hp c ng c chnh tr th ch c kh nng tm hiu v t chc v cng vic
ca bn bng cch c c nhng thng tin m bn ngh l xa b, c th bn s ngh ti thm nhiu thng tin m
bn mun hy mt cch trit vnh vin, v d nh xa b cc bn sao lu d liu li thi, hy ton b d liu [2] ca
cng trc khi cho chng i, xa b cc ti khon c v xa du vt cc trang web bn xem. CCleaner [3] , mt cng
c khc c cp ti chng ny c th gip bn gii quyt vn xa b nhng tp tm thi c to ra bi h
iu hnh v cc ng dng trong qu trnh bn s dng chng.

Tnh hung c bn
Elena l mt nh hot ng mi trng mt quc gia ni ting Nga, ni c c duy tr mt s trang web ang ngy cng
c bit n rng ri phn nh s leo thang ca hot ng ph rng bt hp php ti khu vc. C to mt bn
sao lu nhng thng tin dng cho trang web, v c ct gi n ti nh, ti vn phng ni lm vic v trong my tnh xch
tay ca c. Gn y c bt u ct gi cc thng tin v nht k ca my ch v c s d liu thng tin bi vit ca nhng
ngi tham gia din n. Elena sp sa i ra nc ngoi tham d mt hi tho ln ca cc nh hot ng mi trng,
mt vi ngi trong s h thng bo rng my tnh ca h b em i trong hn mt ting ng h ti khu vc bin gii.
m bo thng tin mt ca mnh, v v s an ton ca nhng thnh vin tham gia nhng din n mang tnh chnh tr,
c chuyn ton h nhng bn sao lu d phng nh v vn phng vo mt vng m ha TrueCrypt v xa cc bn
sao khi my tnh xch tay ca mnh. C nh ngi chu Nicolai khuyn xem liu c c cn lm g na khng hay ch cn
xa cc tp khi my tnh v c lo lng v vic my tnh ca c c th b khm xt bi cc nhn vin ti vng bin gii.

Nhng iu bn c th hc c t chng ny:

Lm sao xa vnh vin nhng thng tin nhy cm khi my tnh ca bn
Lm sao ph hy thng tin lu trn cc a lu ng nh th nh USB v a CD
Lm sao ngn chn ai bit c nhng ti liu m bn s dng gn y
Lm sao thit lp my tnh ca bn nhng ti liu c xa khng th khi phc li trong tng lai

Xa thng tin
ng trn quan im thun ty k thut, khng c khi nim v chc nng xa trn my tnh. Tt nhin, bn c th ko
tp vo Thng Rc v sau lm rng Thng Rc, nhng tt c nhng vic ny thc ra ch l xa biu tng, a tn
tp ra khi mt danh sch n qun l tt c cc tp trn h thng, v thng bo vi h iu hnh Windows rng n c
th s dng khng gian va gii phng. Cho ti khi khng gian ny c thc s s dng, n vn cha ni dng thng
tin va b xa, ging nh mt t cha ti liu mi ch b bc i cc nhn bn ngoi cn cc ti liu vn cn nm nguyn
bn trong t. iu ny l gii ti sao nu bn c mt cng c phn mm hp l v tin hnh kp thi, bn c th khi
phc thng tin bn va l tay xa mt, nh c cp ti Chng 5: Lm sao khi phc d liu b xa [4]
Bn cng cn lun ch rng cc tp tin lun c to ra v xa i mt cch khng trit , m bn khng h bit, trong
khi bn s dng my tnh. Ly v d gi s bn ang lm mt bn bo co di. Vic ny c th mt mt tun, mi ngay
mt vi ting ng h, v tt c cc ti liu u c lu li. Windows s to cc bn sao mi ca ti liu v lu n v
trong cng ca h thng. Sau vi ngy chnh sa, bn c th c ti vi bn sao ca ti liu, m khng h hay bit, ti
cc thi im khc nhau trong qu trnh hon thnh bo co.
Thng thng Windows s xa nhng bn sao tm thi ca cc tp nhng n thng khng tm ng n ni lu tr ca
tp c xa ghi ln mt cch an ton mi khi to mt bn sao mi. Thay vo , n ghi bn sao mi nht ca ti
liu vo mt ngn mi ca chic t ti liu n d bn trn, v di chuyn nhn t ngn c sang ngn mi v li bn
sao c nh vy cho ti khi mt chng trnh khc s dng khng gian ny. R rng rng, nu bn c l do chnh ng
cn phi xa tt c du vt ca ti liu trong t ti liu ca bn, ch xa mi bn sao gc l khng , v nu ch n
gin bc b nhn thi th li cng ti t hn.

Cng cn ghi nh rng, cng my tnh khng phi l phng tin duy nht lu tr thng tin s. a CD, DVD, th nh
USB, a mm, th nh ca in thoi, v cng di ng u c chung nhng nguy c, v bn khng nn tin cy vo
vic ch n gin xa hay ghi ln l c th xa b mi thng tin t nhng thit b trn.

Hy b thng tin vi nhng cng c an ton

Khi bn s dng mt cng c xa an ton, nh nhng cng c c gii thiu trong chng ny, s chnh xc hn ni
rng bn thay th, ghi ln nhng thng tin nhy cm ch khng ch n thun l xa chng. Nu bn tng tng
rng nhng ti liu c lu ti chic t ti liu tng tng ban ny c vit bng bt ch, th vic xa chng mt cch
an ton [2] khng ch n thun l ty i ni dung cc ti liu m cn gch long ngong ln tng ch mt. Cng ging
nh u bt ch, thng tin s c th b c cho d l trong tnh trng rt km ngay c khi n b xa hoc thm ch b ghi
ln. Bi l do ny, nhng cng c c gii thiu di y ghi ln cc tp cn xa mt vi ln bng nhng d liu
ngu nhin. Qu trnh ny gi l hy thng tin [2] , v thng tin cng c ghi nhin ln, n cng kh b khi phc bi ai
ly d liu gc. Cc chuyn gia thng ng rng cn thc hin vic ghi ba ln hoc nhiu hn; mt s tiu
chun khc yu cu ti thiu by ln. Phn mm hy d liu t ng a ra s ln ghi ph hp, nhng bn c th
thay i cc thit t nu bn mun.

Hy ti liu
C hai cch chung hy nhng ti liu b mt [2] ca bn khi cng hay cc thit b lu tr. Bn c th ch xa nhng
tp hoc c th xa sch [2] ton b khng gian cha c cp pht trn cng. Trong khi a ra s la chn, c th
hu ch nu bn suy ngh v trng hp t ng ti liu trong v d pha trn nhng bo co di c th c nhng bn
sao khng hon chnh nm ri rc u trong cng ca bn ngay c khi ch c mt tp chnh l c nhn thy.
Nu bn ch hy b mt tp, bn c th chc chn rng tp c xa vnh vin [2] , nhng bn vn nhng bn
sao khc tn ti. Thc t, khng c cch no truy cp nhng tp mt cch trc tip, bi chng khng c thy
nu khng c nhng phn mm c bit. Bng cch xa sch ton b [2] khng gian trng trn cng ca mnh, bn
m bo rng mi thng tin c xa trc y s c hy hon ton. Quay tr li trng hp t ti liu c gn
nhn trong v d, qu trnh trn tng ng vi vic tm ton b ti liu trong t, ty ht thng tin v ghi nhiu ln ln
ton b mi ti liu nm trong cc ngn b bc nhn.
Eraser [1] l mt phn mm xa an ton min ph m ngun m, v rt d s dng. Bn c th xa trit [2] cc tp s
dng Eraser [5] er vi ba cch sau: chn xa tng tp, xa ni dung ca Thng Rc, hay chn ty xa ton b khng gian
cha s dng trn cng. Eraser [1] c th xa ni dung ca tp nh m [6] ca Windows, s c tho lun bn di.
Thc hnh: Hy bt u vi Hng dn s dng Eraser [7]
Cho d cc cng c xa an ton khng lm tn hi n nhng tp khc ang tn ti trong h thng tr khi bn mun lm
iu , bn cng cn ht sc ch khi s dng chng. Suy cho cng, s c vn lun xy ra v l l do ti sao m
mi ngi li thy rng Thng Rc v cc cng c phc hi d liu khc rt l hu ch. Nu bn c thi quen lun xa
vnh vin d liu, bn s khng th khi phc li d liu khi v tnh xa nhm. Cn lun chc chn rng bn c mt bn
sao lu an ton trc khi bn xa mt lng ln d liu khi my tnh.
Elena: C bit rng nhng chng trnh x l vn bn nh MicroSoft Words hay Open Office i khi to nhng bn sao
tm thi cho mt tp trong lc ngi dng ang lm vic vi tp . Liu nhng chng trnh khc c cng lm nh vy
khng, hay c ch nn quan tm ti nhng tp m bn thn c to v xa thi?
Nicolai: Thc t l my tnh li rt nhiu du vt v thng tin c nhn v thng tin cc hot ng trc tuyn ca c
khp ni trong my. Chu ang ni v cc trang web m c ving thm, bn nhp ca th in t m c mi to gn y
v nhng th tng t nh th. Tt c nhng thng tin ny c th l thng tin nhy cm v ph thuc vo mc thng
xuyn c s dng my tnh.

Hy b thng tin m tm thi

Tnh nng cho php Eraser [1] c th xa trit [2] ton b khng gian cha c cp pht trn a c th khng nguy
him nh ta ngh, bi n ch xa sch nhng ni dung c xa trc . Thng thng th mt tp cha b xa s
khng b nh hng. Mt khc, iu hin nhin ny li ch ra mt vn : Eraser [1] khng th gip bn xa sch nhng
thng tin m cha tng b xa m c th c n rt k u . Nhng tp cha d liu ny c th nm trong nhng
th mc n, hay c nhng ci tn khng c . iu ny c th khng phi thc s l quan trng vi cc loi tp ti
liu nhng li c th v cng quan trng i vi cc thng tin c thu thp t ng bt c khi no bn s dng my tnh.
C th k ra v v d: Nhng thng tin tm thi c ghi li bi trnh duyt khi bn hin th cc trang web, bao gm vn
bn, hnh nh,cookies, thng tin ti khon, thng tin c nhn c s dng khi in cc biu mu trc tuyn, v lch s
cc trang web bn hay truy cp.
Cc tp tm thi c lu bi nhiu ng dng vi mc ch gip bn khi phc d liu trong trng hp my tnh
xy ra s c trc khi bn kp lu li cng vic ang lm. Nhng tp ny c th bao gm vn bn, hnh nh, d liu
bng tnh v tn ca cc tp khc cng vi cc thng tin nhy cm khc.
Nhng tp tm v nhng lin kt c lu bi Windows nhm to s thun tin, nh cc ng dn tt n ng
dng m bn hay s dng gn y, ng dn r rng ti cc th mc m bn mun n giu v tt nhin l d liu
trong Thng Rc m bn qun khng xa.

Tp nh m [6] ca Windows. Khi b nh ca my tnh b y, v d khi bn chy mt s chng trnh cng mt lc

trn chic my tnh c, Windows i lc s sao chp d liu bn ang thao tc vo mt tp c dung lng ln gi l
tp nh m. V kt qu l tp ny c kh nng cha hu ht mi th, bao gm cc trang web, ni dung ti liu,
mt khu v cc cha kha m ha. Ngay c khi bn tt hoc khi ng li my, nhng tp m ny [6] cng khng
b xa i do vy bn cn thc hin vic ny mt cch th cng.
c th xa nhng tp tm thi trn my tnh ca bn, bn c th s dng mt cng c min ph c tn l CCleaner [8] ,
c thit k xa trit thng tin sau khi s dng Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Office (c bit n
vi nguy c l thng tin d liu)... cng nh lm sch bn thn h iu hnh. CCleaner c kh nng xa cc tp mt
cch trit an ton, nh gip bn khng phi xa sch cc vng nh cha cp pht s dng Eraser [1] sau mi ln
bn s dng n.
Thc hnh: Hy bt u vi Hng dn s dng CCleaner [9]

Mo gip s dng cc cng c xa an ton mt cch

hiu qu
By gi bn quen thuc vi mt s cch qua thng tin trn my tnh hay cc thit b lu tr ca bn c th b l ty,
ngay c khi bn chu kh xa b cc d liu nhy cm. Bn cng bit cng c no c th gip xa b d liu [2] vnh
vin. C mt s bc bn cn tun theo, nht l khi bn ln u tin s dng nhng cng c ny, m bo chc
chn rng cng ca bn c xa mt cch trit v hiu qu:
1. To mt bn sao lu c m ha ca nhng tp cha thng tin quan trng, nh cp ti Chng 5: Lm
sao phc hi d liu b xa [4] .
2. ng tt c nhng chng trnh khng cn thit v ngt kt ni Internet.
3. Xa tt c nhng tp khng cn thit, tt c cc lu tr, v lm rng Thng Rc
4. Xa trit [2] cc tp tm thi s dng CCleaner [3] .
5. Xa sch [2] cc tp m ca Windows [10] s dng Eraser [1] .
6. Xa ton b [2] khng gian trng trn my tnh v cc thit b lu tr s dng Eraser. Bn c th cn qu trnh ny
thc hin qua m v n kh chm.
Bn cng cn xy dng thi quen:
nh k s dng CCleaner [3] Xa trit [2] cc tp tm thi
Xa trit [2] ton b ti liu nhy cm s dng Eraser [1] , thay v s dng Thng Rc hay chc nng xa ca ca
Windows.
nh k s dng Eraser [1] xa cc tp m ca Windows [10]
nh k s dng Eraser [1] xa trit [2] tt c khng gian trng ca a cng, th nh USB v bt k thit b
lu tr no khc c cha cc thng tin b mt mi c xa gn y. Nhng thit b ny c th l a mm, a CD,
DVD ghi li c, v cc th nh dng cho my nh, in thoi v cc my nghe nhc.

Mo khi xa ton b ni dung ca mt thit b lu tr

i khi bn cn xa an ton [2] mt thit b lu tr. Khi bn bn hay cho i mt chic my tnh c, tt nht nn tho cng
v ngi ch mi t mua mt cng khc. Tuy nhin, nu y khng phi l mt la chn, t nht bn c th xa trit
[2] chng vi Eraser [1] trc khi cho chng i. Ngay c khi bn quyt nh gi li cng, th bn cng nn xa chng
hon ton cho d bn nh dng li hay b chng i. Tng t nh vy khi bn mua mt cng mi, bn cn xa an
ton [2] cng c sau khi sao chp d liu sang mi v to bn d phng an ton. Nu bn c nh vt hay ti ch
chic cng c, bn cng nn cn nhc ph hy n. (Nhiu chuyn gia h tr my tnh khuyn nn p nt bng ba
trc khi vt b cc thit b lu tr cha thng tin nhy cm.)
Trong bt k tnh hung no c m t trn, bn cn s dng phn mm Eraser [1] xa trit [2] mt cng, m
iu ny th khng th thc hin c khi h iu hnh vn ang hot ng trn . Cch d nht gii quyt tr ngi
ny l tho cng ra, dng mt hp ng cng kt ni qua USB v cm vo mt my tnh c ci t Eraser. Khi ,
bn c th xa ton b ni dung ca cm ngoi ny v sau s dng Eraser [1] xa trit [2] tt c khng gian
nh cha c cp pht trn cng ny. May mn l y khng phi l cng vic bn phi thc hin mt cch thng
xuyn v n mt kh nhiu thi gian.
Thay v vic tm cch xa trit [2] d liu c lu trn cc a CD hay DVD c th ghi li nhiu ln, tt hn l ph hy
chng i. Nu cn thit, bn c th to mt a mi cha nhng d liu m bn mun gi. V ng nhin y cng l
cch duy nht hy d liu cha trong cc a CD v DVD. C th bn nghe ni v vic thng tin c th khi phc
li t nhng a sau khi chng b ct thnh nhng mnh nh. Trong khi cu truyn l ng, vic ti to li thng tin

ny cn nhiu thi gian v thit b chuyn dng. Bn cn t nh gi xem liu c ai s b tng cng sc v ngun
lc c c thng tin ca bn khng. Thng thng, vi mt chic ko cng (hoc my ct giy cng) bn s thc
hin c vic ph hy d dng. Nu cn thn hn na, bn c th vt cc mnh ct nhng a im khc nhau xa
nh hay vn phng ca bn.
Elena: C vn cn mt a CD cha nhng bn sao lu c ca nht k ca my ch, v c nghe ni rng c th xa
sch mt a CD bng cch b n vo trong l vi sng. Tuy nhin, vi c n nghe c v khng phi l mt phng thc
hay. C thc mi ngi lm nh vy khng? iu c ng khng?
Nikolai: Chu ngh rng vic c th ph hy d liu kh l tt, nhng chu cng khng bit v chu cha bao gi cho
a CD vo l vi sng c! C ni ng! y c v nh l mt phng thc d. Ngay c khi phn kim loi khng lm hng
l vi sng ca c hay gy chy n, chu cho rng phn nha chy c th to ra cc hi khng tt cho sc khe. Ngh n
iu ny, chu cng khng khuyn c nn t a CD.

c thm
Cho d khng s dng k thut xa an ton xa trit thng tin vnh vin, Firefox c cung cp mt s tnh nng
tch hp cho php xa nhng tp tm thi do n s dng. Cc tnh nng ny c miu t trong Hng dn s
dng Firefox [11] v trn Trang web Firefox [12]
Mc Hi v p CCleaner [13] cung cp thm thng tin v vic ci t v s dng cng c ny.
Mc d l ti liu ch yu mang tnh k thut, cun sch gii thiu ca Peter Guttmann v Xa trit D liu ca
b nh T v Th Rn [14] cng nn tham kho, v nhng phng php [15] c m t trong cun sch c tm nh
hng quan trng i vi cc nh pht trin phn mm Eraser v cc cng c xa an ton khc.
URL ngun (c tm thy vo ngy 04/11/2015 - 03:14): https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/chuong-6
Cc lin kt:
[1] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Eraser
[2] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Wiping
[3] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#CCleaner
[4] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/chuong-5
[5] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Eraserr
[6] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Swap_file
[7] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/eraser-main
[8] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/glossary#Ccleaner
[9] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/ccleaner-main
[10] https://info.securityinabox.org/glossary#Swap_file
[11] https://info.securityinabox.org/vi/firefox-main
[12] http://support.mozilla.com/en-US/kb/Clearing+Private+Data
[13] http://www.ccleaner.com/help/faq
[14] http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec96/full_papers/gutmann/
[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutmann_method