BOOK OF FORMULAE

LIFT FORMULA;

L = (1/2) d v2 s CL

L = Lift, which must equal the airplane's weight in pounds

d = density of the air. This will change due to altitude. These values can be found
in a I.C.A.O. Standard Atmosphere Table.

v = velocity of an aircraft expressed in feet per second

s = the wing area of an aircraft in square feet

CL = Coefficient of lift , which is determined by the type of airfoil and angle of

attack.

1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour = 6,076 ft per hour

1 mph = 1 mile per hour = 5,280 feet per hour

Chart A
I.C.A.O. Standard Atmosphere Table
Altitude
(Feet)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
36,089*
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000

Density
(d)
.002377
.002308
.002241
.002175
.002111
.002048
.001987
.001927
.001868
.001811
.001755
.001496
.001266
.001065
.000889
.000737
.000706
.000585
.000460
.000362
.000285

MANEUVERING SPEED FORMULA;

VA is maneuvering speed (at maximum weight)

W2 is actual weight
W1 is maximum weight.

Vs is the stalling speed of the aircraft

n is the maximal allowed positive load factor.

Speed of Sound
(Knots)
661.7
659.5
657.2
654.9
652.6
650.3
647.9
645.6
643.3
640.9
638.6
626.7
614.6
602.2
589.5
576.6
573.8
573.8
573.8
573.8
573.8

WEIGHT SHIFT FORMULA;

WEIGHT OF CARGO MOVED

WEIGHT OF AEROPLANE

PIVOTAL ALTITUDE;

GS
11.3

DISTANCE CG MOVED

DISTANCE BETWEEN ARM LOCATION