PROFIBUS

Design and
Good Practices

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Introduction
PROFIBUS-DP

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

PROFIBUS-PA
Installations and Best practise

Troubleshooting
Training

PROFIBUS Family
3

ERP
MES
Ethernet
backbone

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family

DCS

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

2
3

PROFIBUS PA

PROFIBUS DP

5
6

31
3

PROFIBUS PA

PA coupler
PA link

5
6

Author / Title of the presentation

31

PROFIBUS-DP/PA

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies

Specification by 13 industrial firms and 5 university

institutes
1988 German DIN Standard 19245
1996 European Fieldbus Standard EN 50170
2000 International Standard IEC 61158

Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

Profile PROFIBUS-DP
(high speed)

IEC 61158 communication

Troubleshooting

RS485 physic or fiber optic

max. 12 MBaud

Training

IEC 61158 communication

Profile PROFIBUS-PA
current supply
over bus

IEC 61158-2 physic

31,25 KBaud

PROFIBUS - Transmission Technologies

Controller

Per PROFIBUS DP Master

system max. 125 DP slaves

Agenda
> 10km

PROFIBUS
Family

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules

RS485

PROFIBUS DP

Communication
Medias

FO
Fiber optic

RS485

OLMs (Optical Link Module)

for wide distances with high
EMC stability
Electrical networks can be
extended by means of
repeaters (segments)

Repeater
1,200 m

Installation
Rules

max. 32 DP slaves per

Coupler RS485iS

segment

Troubleshooting
Training

RS485iS
DP/PA
1.900 m
Non-Ex

1.000 m
1.000 m

PROFIBUS PA (MBP IS)

RS485iS couplers for

intrinsically safe PROFIBUS
DP in EX areas
PROFIBUS PA for direct
connection of field devices
with power supply via bus

PROFIBUS - Functional levels

PROFIBUS
Family

DP-V2

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length

DP-V1 extension:
Acyclic Data Exchange between PC or PLC and Slave Devices
Integration within Engineering: EDD and FDT
Portable PLC Software Function Blocks (IEC 61131-3)
Fail-Safe Communication (PROFIsafe)
Alarms

Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

extension:
Peer Slave Communication (Publisher / Subscriber)
Isochron Mode (Equidistance)
Clock Synchronization & Time Stamps
HARTon DP
PROFIdrive
Redundancy

Cyclic Data Exchange between PLC and Slave Devices

GSD Configuration
Diagnosis

DP-V0

field decice

Agenda

Functional
Levels

> 90%
Time

PROFIBUS - Master - Slave

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules

Master (class 1)

Master (class 2)

Central control
Cyclical data exchange with
the slaves
Acyclical data exchange
with the slaves
Active with a high priority

Engineering tool for commissioning and parameter

settings of the slaves
Acyclical data exchange with
the slaves
Active with a low priority

Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

SPS

Master (class 1)

Master (class 2)

PROFIBUS
Bus slaves (passive)

PROFIBUS DP/PA - Deterministic communication

Deterministic communication according Master/Slave principle:

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies

Parameterized time behaviour of the bus and defined reaction

times of the slaves are permanently guaranteed!
Master class 1

Master class 2

Cable length

cyclic

acyclic
acyclic

cyclic

Devices Rules

Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Read measured values,

write manipulated
variables

2
PROFIBUS DP

PROFIBUS PA

Slave 1

Slave 2

Read/write parameters
and measured values of
a slave

Configuration of the bus (GSD file)

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Bus master (Class 1 Master) needs the technical data of the

attached field device.
The GSD file describes the general and device specific
communication characteristic of a PROFIBUS device: sheet
Supported transmission rates
Length of the transferred I/O data
Type of the field device (compact slave, modular slave)

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

tion
a
r
u
g
onfi
C
s
Bu

Troubleshooting
Training

PROFIBUS
Configurator

SPS

PROFIBUS

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Introduction
PROFIBUS-DP

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

PROFIBUS-PA
Installations and Best practise

Troubleshooting
Training

PROFIBUS Family - Principle

11

Agenda

To create hierarchy in the network, PROFIBUS defines 2

types of stations: active (masters) and passive (slaves).

PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length

master
0 1 0 1 0

commands

responses

slave

0 1 0 1 0

Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

network

Troubleshooting
Training

At least 1 master is mandatory.

PROFIBUS networks allow multiple masters.
In total 127 stations can be addressed (masters +
slaves).

Communication Medias
12

PROFIBUS Supports 3 transmission media

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

RS 485
2-wire CU-cable for
general purposes

Topologies

Fiber Optic
Highest EMC protection
and wide distances

Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Coupler

MBP-IS
2-wire CU-cable with the option for
power over the bus and Ex-protection

Coupler

Fiber optic cable

Total Overview of the Technology

13

Installation
Rules

Common
Common Application
Application Profiles
Profiles (optional):
(optional):

App.
Profiles I

PROFIsafe,
PROFIsafe, Time
Time Stamp,
Stamp, Redundancy,
Redundancy, etc.
etc.

Training
Comm.

IEC
61158/61784

Physical
Layer

RS
RS 485
485
RS
RS 485-IS
485-IS

NRZ
NRZ
Intrinsic
Intrinsic Safety
Safety

PROFIBUS DP
Fiber
Fiber
Optics:
Optics:

Glass
Glass Multi
Multi Mode
Mode
Glass
Glass Single
Single Mode
Mode
PCF
PCF // Plastic
Plastic Fiber
Fiber

MBP
MBP
MBP-LP
MBP-LP
MBP-IS
MBP-IS

FDL + DPV0...V2

Manchester
Manchester Bus
Bus Powered
Powered
Low
LowPower
Power
Intrinsic
Intrinsic Safety
Safety

Descriptions (GSD,
(GSD, EDD)
EDD)
Descriptions
Tools
(DTM,
Configurators)
Tools (DTM, Configurators)

Troubleshooting

Integration
Technologies

Devices Rules

Weighing &
& Dosage
Dosage
Weighing

Identification Systems
Systems
Identification

V2.0 and
and V3.0
V3.0
V2.0

Cable length

PROFIdrive
PROFIdrive

Topologies

SEMI
SEMI

App.
Profiles II

RIO for
for PA
PA
RIO

Communication
Medias

PA Devices
Devices
PA

PROFIBUS
Family

Encoder
Encoder

Agenda

PROFIBUS DP Topologies - General

14

PROFIBUS communicates over a two wire bus structure.

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family

sending

listen,
taking over and
answering

listen

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

0 1 0 1 0

117

43

5
listen

listen

Devices are addressed through a network address (0..126).

Devices are coupled in parallel to the bus.
Devices can be hot swapped and position does not matter.
Each segment is terminated at both end with an active termination
Spurs should be avoided as length is very limited

PROFIBUS DP Topologies - Repeaters

15

Single Repeaters

PROFIBUS Hubs

Agenda

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length

Segment 1

PROFIBUS
Family

Stations

Devices Rules

Backbone

Installation
Rules

Training

Segment 2

Troubleshooting

Stations
Segment 1

Segment 2

Benefit: Isolate part of your network from EMC/Noise

PROFIBUS DP Topologies Fiber Optic

16

Classic Topology

Ring Topology

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Fiber optic
cable
Coupler

Coupler

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules

Coupler

Installation
Rules

Coupler

Fiber optic cable

Troubleshooting
Training

Coupler

Coupler

Benefits: Long distances and EMC/Noise isolation

PROFIBUS DP Topologies - Wireless

17

Connect your slaves through wireless couplers

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Wireless
gateway

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting

Wireless
gateway

Training

Wireless
gateway

Wireless
gateway

Segment

Wireless DP
Device

Wireless PN
Device

PROFIBUS DP Topologies - Redundancy

18

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
RS 485

Topologies

RS 485

Cable length

RS 485

coupler

coupler

Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

RS 485

Troubleshooting

RS 485

Training

glasvezel
coupler

coupler
glasvezel

RS 485

1.0

RS 485

Transmission speed (baudrate)

19

Agenda

PROFIBUS offers the user the possibility to choose

from 10 transmission speeds (RS 485).

PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

9,6
9,6 19,2
19,2 45,45
45,45 93,75
93,75

187,5
187,5 500
500 1500
1500 3000
3000 6000
6000 12000
12000 kbps
kbps

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Remarks:
The transmission speed determines the maximum cable
length and vice versa.
The transmission speed has to be set identically at all the
masters on the same bus.
Most slaves detect the baudrate automatically.
Because of economic and technical reasons some
products do not support all transmission speeds.
Some older products do not support 45,45 kbps.

2.1

PROFIBUS DP Cable Length

20

Baudrate vs Cable Length

Agenda
Baudrate
(kbit/s)

9.6

19.2

45.45

93.75

187.5

500

1500

3000

6000

12000

Communication
Medias

Segment length
(m)

1200

1200

1200

1200

1000

400

200

100

100

100

Topologies

Segment length
(feet)

3940

3940

3940

3940

3280

1310

656

328

328

328

PROFIBUS
Family

Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

33 baudrate
baudrate transitions
transitions in
in which
which the
the cable
cable
length
length reduces
reduces with
with more
more than
than 50
50 %.
%.

These lengths are defined for 1 segment with

32 bus loads!

2.1

Device Rules - Network

21

PROFIBUS Address Map

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Service-, diagnosis- and programming tool

1..2

Masters (class 1)

3..125

Slaves (total 123 or 124)

126

Address for: Set Slave Address

127

Broadcast address

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Most configuration tools block address 0 and 126 for slaves.

Address 126 is a default address for slaves with software
address settings.
Address 127 is a broadcast address (only visible with a
busmonitor).
Maximum 124 DP slaves per bus!!!!!!!

2.0

Device Rules - DP Segments

22

Maximum 32 loads per RS485 segments

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family

Max 30 Stations

Max 31 Stations

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules

Segment 1

Segment 2

Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Devices that generate new segments:

Repeaters
Fiber Optic Couplers
Wireless gateways

After these devices, PROFIBUS segment

rules are the same.

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Introduction
PROFIBUS-DP

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

PROFIBUS-PA
Installations and Best practise

Troubleshooting
Training

PROFIBUS-PA Network layout

PROFIBUS
Family

Layer Model
(ISO Standard since 1983)

Controller
(Master)

Communication
Medias

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Remote IO

Topologies
PROFIBUS DP

Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Link

IEC 61158-2
Manchester Bus Powered
(MPB)
I

IB + 9mA

DPV0 .. 2

PROFIBUS PA

Agenda

IB
IB - 9mA
t

Gert

FDL
1

Physical
MBP

PROFIBUS PA Topologies - Overview

25

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

DCS/PLC

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

PROFIBUS DP

Troubleshooting

Junction Box

DP/PA-Link

Training

Segment
24 V

PROFIBUS PA

PROFIBUS PA Topologies - Redundancy

26

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

PROFIBUS DP

Coupler Redundancy
Coupler-Redundancy
DP/PA-coupler,
redundant (M = master)

IM 153, redundant

AFS

Topologies

PROFIBUS PA

Cable length

Bus termination

Devices Rules

Automatic bus termination

Troubleshooting
Training

PA Ring Redundancy
PROFIBUS DP

Installation
Rules

Active Field Splitter

Coupler-Redundancy
M

DP/PA-coupler,
redundant (M = Master)

Media redundancy based on a ring topology

AFD

AFD

Active Field Distributor

IM 153, redundant

PROFIBUS PA
AFD

AFD

Higher availability with Redundancy

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family

DP/PA Link
M

Communication
Medias

Field Device Coupler,

redundant (M = master)

Topologies

PROFIBUS PA

Cable length
Devices Rules

Short-circuit or
wire break on trunk line

Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting

PA Junction Box

Training

Automatic bus termination

Junction Box

Automatic Termination
Automatic bus termination enables unique online changeability
Agenda

PROFIBUS
Family

FF Link

Communication
Medias

Add new devices

Enhance line
Enhance ring

Bus termination

Topologies

Automatic bus termination

PROFIBUS PA

Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

AFD

AFD

AFD

AFD

AFD

Troubleshooting
Training

There is no need to reserve spare ports of the AFDs !

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias

Introduction
PROFIBUS-DP

Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules

PROFIBUS-PA
Installations and Best practise

Troubleshooting
Training

Installation rules
30

Grounding & Shielding

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

PROFIBUS is digital communication, not 4-20mA

Ground at both end
Ungrounded shield has no effect

Installation rules
31

Power Lines
Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family

Digital communication is sensitive to power lines

Watch out for cable runs in trays
Respect distances for air separation

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Power line too close

Power line are removed

Installation rules
32

Some examples with Power Lines

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Installation rules
33

Proper wiring and component selection

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Wiring and cable termination is critical

Wrong component selection leads to bad installation
Take environment in account (humidity, sunlight)

Troubleshooting
34

Recognizing bad installations

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family

You cannot use the multimeter, this is digital comm.

Specific tools are required

Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Cable Tester

Oscilloscope
Analyzer

Find wiring errors such as short circuit

Identify missing termination and EMC
Capture error messages and find the source of your
system shutdown
Cost and time saving by using the right tools!

Troubleshooting - Oscilloscope
35

Good signal
Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Missing termination

Troubleshooting - Analyzer
36

Capture all PROFIBUS messages

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Useful for random errors

Shows underlying conditions
Device diagnostic

Training
37

Certified Training by PROFIBUS International

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Benefits
Avoid basic errors that cost time and money
Quality assurance for design and
commissioning
Faster project delivery
Better installation, longer operation

Various courses available

PROFIBUS Certified Engineer
PROFIBUS Certified PA Module
PROFIBUS Certified Installer
PROFINET Certified Engineer

Certified by

38

The end
Thank you for listening