www.thuvien247.

net

HNG DN HC
HYSYS
Nguyn Th Minh Hin H Bch Khoa H Ni

www.thuvien247.net

2 - Cc dng vt cht v
dng nng lng

2.1 Dng vt cht............................................................................ 2

2.1.1 Worksheet Tab ........................................................................ 3
2.1.2 Attachments Tab ......................................................................9
2.1.3 Dynamics Tab ..........................................................................9
2.1.4 User Variables Tab...................................................................9
2.2 Dng nng lng.................................................. 10
2.2.1 Stream Tab............................................................................. 10
2.2.2 Unit Ops Tab........................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Dynamics Tab ................................................................. 11
2.2.4 User Variables Tab................................................................. 11

www.thuvien247.net

2.1. Dng vt cht

Biu tng dng

vt cht
(mi tn mu
xanh da tri)

Cc dng vt liu c nhp vo mt bn m phng trong mi

trng m phng chnh, m c th xc nh cc tnh cht v
thnh phn ca dng. Biu tng dng vt cht trong Object Palette
l mi tn mu xanh. C nhiu cch nhp mt dng vt cht.
Mt trong cc cch n gin nht thit lp mt dng vt cht l
s dng phm F11. Cc thng tin v phng php ny, c
trnh by k trong Section 3.3 - Installing Streams and Operations
trong ti liu Users Guide.
Giao din hin th tnh cht ca dng vt cht cha mt s tab kt
hp vi cc page cho php xc nh cc tham s, nhp thm cc
tin ch v xc nh r cc thng tin ng. Trong hnh di l giao
din thuc tnh ban u ca mt dng vt cht mi.
Tn dng

Cc Page

Cc Tab
Thanh trng thi
Cc phm

Phm xem thit b

vn hnh trc
dng

Cc phm v thanh trang thi (Status Bar) pha di ca s thuc

tnh lun hin th khi giao din thuc tnh dng vt cht c m
ra. Nu mun sao chp cc tnh cht hay thnh phn t cc dng c
sn trong lu trnh, c th thc hin bng cch bm vo phm
Define from Other Stream. Phm ny s m mt ca s m t
2

www.thuvien247.net
c th la chn cc tnh cht v thnh phn ca dng mun sao chp
vo dng ang thit lp. Cc phm vi cc mi tn mu xanh l cy
bn tri ca Status Bar l cc phm View Upstream Operation (Xem
Phm xem thit b thit b vn hnh trc dng) v View Downstream Operation (Xem
vn hnh sau dng
thit b vn hnh sau dng).
Mi tn hng v bn tri xc nh v tr thit b vn hnh trc
dng v mi tn hng v bn phi xc nh v tr thit b vn hnh
sau dng. Nu thy mt dng gn vi mt thit b vn hnh, c th
chn cc phm ny m cc dng trc v sau gn nht i vi
thit b vn hnh. Nu dng khng kt ni vi mt thit b vn hnh
no im cui dng trc v dng sau, th cc phm ny s m
mt khi nguyn liu hay sn phm.
2.1.1. Worksheet Tab
Worksheet tab c ba page c sn hin th cc thng tin lin quan
n cc tnh cht ca dng. Cc trang ny l: Conditions,
Properties v Compositions.
Hnh di y biu din ca s Worksheet tab ca mt dng vt
cht trong mi trng m phng:

Conditions Page
3

www.thuvien247.net
Conditions Page hin th tt c cc thng tin dng mc nh khi n
c biu din trong trang Workbook ca cc dng vt cht. Tn v
cc gi tr hin thi ca cc thng s c biu din nh sau:

Stream Name
Vapour/Phase Fraction
Temperature
Pressure
Molar Flow
Mass Flow
LiqVol Flow
Molar Enthalpy
Molar Entropy
Heat Flow

HYSYS s dng cc bc t do trong vic kt hp vi chn thng tin,

c th tnh ton nhanh mt cch t ng. mt dng c th tnh
nhanh cc thng tin, cc thng tin sau phi c sn (cng nh cc c
tnh hay kt qu ca cc php tnh ton khc ca lu trnh):
Stream Composition
t nht mt trong
hai gi tr nhit
hoc p sut phi
bit trc tnh
ton cc gi tr
khc ca dng vt
cht

Hai trong s cc tnh cht sau phi c xc nh; trong t nht

phi bit trc gi tr p sut hay nhit :

Temperature
Pressure
Vapour Fraction
Entropy
Enthalpy

Ch nu bit trc phn hi l 0 hay 1, th tng ng, dng c

gi thit l im bt hay im sng. Cng c th thit lp phn
hi nhn gi tr gia 0 v 1.
Ph thuc vo cc bin s trng thi bit, HYSYS s t ng
tnh ton chnh xc kt qu.
Khi mt dng c tnh ton, tt c cc tnh cht khc ca dng
cng s c tnh ngay. C th kim tra cc tnh cht ny thng qua
cc page km theo trong giao din thuc tnh ca dng. Ch rng
lu lng dng phi bit trc tnh ra c dng nhit lng.
4

www.thuvien247.net
Cc gi tr ca dng c th c sn trong trang Condition hay trong
Workbook. Thay i trong mt phm vi s c phn nh qua
Flowsheet (lu trnh).
Ch rng khi Workbook hin th bng c tnh ca dng, cc
trang Conditions, Properties v Compositions cng s biu din gi
tr cho cc c tnh pha ring l. HYSYS c th hin th ln n 5
Pha lng hn hp pha khc nhau.
kt hp cc pha
lng trong mt
dng nh sn, v
tnh ton tt c
cc tnh cht pha
lng cho mi
dng kt qu tnh
ton. Pha lng
hn hp khng
nhp cc thnh
phn hay dng
mol vo dng vt
cht m n i ra,
n ch l cch
biu din khc
ca cc cu t
lng hin thi.

Overall
Vapour
Liquid
Aqueous
Second Liquid
Mixed Liquid

V d, nu m rng chiu rng ca bng hin th tnh cht dng

trn, s nhn thy bng hin th nh trong hnh sau. Trong trng
hp ny, cc tnh cht ca pha hi v pha lng c hin th bn
cnh cc tnh cht dng tng. Nu c mt pha lng khc th n cng
s c biu din.

n gin hn vic m rng bng hin th, cng c th s dng thanh

cun (Scroll Bar) xem cc tnh cht pha khng c hin th.
Ch khi xem bng tnh cht dng trong Column Sub-Flowsheet, s
c phm Create Column Stream Spec km theo trong trang
Conditions. bit chi tit v chc nng ca phm ny, xem thm
Specification Types Section of Chapter 7 - Column trong Steady
State Modelling Guide.
5

www.thuvien247.net
Properties Page
Ca s Properties page biu din tt c Transport Properties cho
mi pha ca dng. Cc tnh cht ny bao gm:

Nhit ha hi
ca mt trong
HYSYS c xc
nh l lng
nhit yu cu
chuyn t lng
bo ha sang
hi bo ha

Vapour / Phase Fraction

Temperature
Pressure
Actual Vol. Flow
Mass Enthalpy
Mass Entropy
Molecular Weight
Molar Density
Mass Density
Std. Liquid Mass Density
Molar Heat Capacity
Mass Heat Capacity
Thermal Conductivity
Viscosity
Vap. Frac. (mass basis)
Vap. Frac. (volume basis)

Molar Volume
Act. Gas Flow
Act. Liq. Flow
Std. Liq. Flow
Std. Gas Flow
Watson K
Kinematic Viscosity
Cp/Cv
Lower Heating Value
Mass Lower Heating
Value
Liquid Fraction
Partial Pressure of CO2
Avg. Liq. Density
Heat of Vap.
Mass Heat of Vap.

M rng bng hin th hay s dng Scroll Bar xem cc gi tr

pha ring l, nh biu din trong hnh di y. Khng mt gi tr
no trong trang ny (cc gi tr c biu din bng mu en) c
th thay i c, bi v chng ph thuc vo cc iu kin dng
ban u (p sut, nhit , thnh phn, ).

www.thuvien247.net
Khng th thay di
thnh phn dng
c tnh bi
HYSYS. Mu mc
nh cho cc gi
tr dng c sn l
mu xanh v mu
en cho cc gi tr
c tnh bi
HYSYS

Chn Composition page trn Worksheet tab m trang

Composition ca dng vt cht. C th nh r hay thay i thnh
phn dng bng cch nhp vo phm Edit hoc nhp vo gi tr
trong dng d liu v bm phm Enter. Cc thao tc ny s nhp
cc cu t vo bng Input Composition.

Phm ng

Sau khi bm phm Basis, c th la chn mt trong cc phm trong

bng hin th dng chn n v biu din thnh phn mi. Sau
khi bm phm Close, thnh phn dng s c biu din s dng
n v biu din thnh phn mi.

i vi cc n v
biu din thnh
phn, la chn
phm OK s ngay
lp tc tiu chun
ha cc thnh
phn sao cho tng
l 1 nu cc thnh
phn c cha cc
gi
tr.
Phm
Cancel ng bng
li nu khng c
bt k thay i no
c tha nhn.

Composition Page

V d c biu din trong hnh di y, phn mol (mole

fractions) cho mi thnh phn trong pha tng, pha hi hay pha lng
u c hin th. Cng c th xem thnh phn bng cch s dng
phm Basic.

Bm phm Edit trong bng hin th dng vt cht s m ra trang

Input Composition. Khi lm vic trong trang Input Composition c
th thay i cc thnh phn bng cch la chn mt phm trong
nhm Composition Basic v nhp chng vo cc dng tng ng.
Khng th thay i cc thnh phn cho dng c tnh ton bi
HYSYS. Khi di chuyn n trang Comp ca dng , phm Edit s
khng truy cp c.
7

www.thuvien247.net
Phm thay i
thnh phn
Erase
Normalize

Thc hin
Xa ton b cc thnh phn
Cho php nhp bt k gi tr phn mol ca cc
cu t thnh phn v HYSYS s chun ha cc
gi tr sao cho tng ca chng bng 1.
Phm ny rt c ch khi nhiu thnh phn cng
c mt nhng ch mong mun cung cp gi tr
cho mt vi trong s .
Khi nhp cc thnh phn, bm phm Normalize
v HYSYS s bo m rng tng ca chng
bng 1, trong khi xc nh cc thnh phn
<empty> bng 0. Nu cc thnh phn b b
trng <empty>, HYSYS s khng s dng
tnh ton nhanh cho dng .
Ch rng phm Normalize khng p dng
cho lu lng dng, bi v khng c s hn ch
vi lu lng dng tng

K Value Page
Trang K Value hin th gi tr hng s cn bng pha K hoc h s
phn b cho mi cu t trong dng l t l gia phn mol ca cu
t i trong pha hi v phn mol ca n trong pha lng.

Ki =

yi
xi

Trong : Ki = hng s cn bng pha hoc h s phn b

yi = phn mol ca cu t i trong pha hi
xi = phn mol ca cu t i trong pha lng
8

www.thuvien247.net
Notes Page
C th s dng trang ny chn bt k ghi ch no tng ng vi
thit b vn hnh cng nh i vi case m phng ni chung.

2.1.2. Attachments Tab

Unit Ops Page
Trong Unit Ops page, c th xem loi v tn ca cc thit b vn
hnh v cc phn t logical m dng gn km vo. Bng hin th ba
nhm:
Nhm thit b m dng l sn phm ca n
Nhm thit b m dng l nguyn liu ca n
Cc cng c logical c lin kt vi cc dng
C th truy cp vo giao din thuc tnh ca cc thit b vn hnh
hoc cng c logical c sn bng cch nhp p vo c tn
(Name) hay loi (Type).

Utilities Page
Cc la chon trong trang Utilities cho php:
nh km Utilities cho dng hin thi
Xem Utilities c sn c nh km vi dng
Xa Utilities c sn c nh km vi dng
2.1.3. Dynamics Tab
Cc la chon trong Dynamic tab cho php thit lp cc c tnh
ng cho m phng. Nu khng d nh chy case ch ng,
khng cn thit phi thay i bt k thng tin no hin th trong
trang Specs ca tab ny.
2.1.4. User Variables Tab
Trong tab ny c th thit lp v ci t cc bin s ring do ngi
s dng thit lp (User Variables) c s dng trong m phng
HYSYS. tm hiu k xem thm chng User Variables trong
Customization Guide.

www.thuvien247.net
2.2. Dng nng lng
Biu tng
dng nng
lng (mu )

Phm xem thit

b vn hnh
trc dng

Phm xem thit

b vn hnh sau
dng

Dng nng lng c biu din bng mi tn mu trong Tool

Palete. Phng php nhp mt dng nng lng l bm vo
phm biu tng c trong Object Palette v a sang PFD. Phng
php ny ngay lp tc cho php truy cp ngay vo giao din hin th
thuc tnh ca dng nng lng. Cng c th m bng hin th dng
nng lng trong Workbook bng cch nhp p vo lin kt vi
dng nng lng.
Bng hin th dng nng lng cha 4 tab cho php xc nh cc
gi tr ca dng, xem cc i tng m dng nh km v nh r
cc thng tin ng. Cc tab ny l: Streams, Unit Ops, Dynamics
v User Variables.
Cng nh i vi dng vt cht, bng hin th dng nng lng
cng c cc phm View Upstream Operation v View Downstream
Operation, cho php xem thit b vn hnh dng ang kt ni. Tuy
nhin, dng nng lng khc vi dng vt cht ch, khi khng c
kt ni trc hay sau no vi dng (m iu ny rt hay xy ra i
vi dng nng lng) th phm tng ng s khng hot ng.
2.2.1. Stream Tab

Khi chuyn mt
dng nng
lng sang mt
dng vt cht,
tt c cc tnh
cht ca dng
vt cht s
khng c sn,
ngoi tr tn
dng

T tab ny, c th nh r tn dng (Stream Name) v dng nhit

(Heat Flow). Ngoi ra, cng c th chuyn dng hin thi sang mt
dng vt cht, bng cch la chn phm Convert to Material. Khi
chuyn sang dng vt cht, s mt tt c c cc thng tin hin thi
ca dng, ngoi tr tn dng. Hnh di biu din Stream tab ca
giao din hin th thuc tnh dng nng lng.

10

www.thuvien247.net
2.2.2. Unit Ops Tab
Unit Ops Tab hin th tn (Names) v loi (Type) ca tt c cc i
tng c nh km. C cc thit b vn hnh hay cc phn t
Logical trong dng Product From hay dng Feed To, u ph
thuc tng ng vo dng nhn hay cung cp nng lng.

C th nhp p vo c dng Product From hay Feed To truy

cp vo giao din thuc tnh ca thit b vn hnh lin kt vi dng.
2.2.3. Dynamics Tab
Cc chc nng ca Dynamics Tab cho php thit lp cc c tnh
ng cho m phng. Nu khng d nh chy case trong Dynamic
mode, khng cn thit phi thay i bt k thng tin no hin th
trong trang Specs ca tab ny.
2.2.4. User Variables Tab
Trong tab ny c th thit lp v ci t cc bin s ring do ngi
s dng to ra (User Variables) s dng trong m phng
HYSYS. tm hiu k xem thm chng User Variables trong
Customization Guide.

11

www.thuvien247.net

3-Cc thit b truyn nhit

3.1 Air Cooler..................................................................................... 2
3.1.1 Theory........................................................................................ 2
3.1.2 Design Tab ................................................................................ 3
3.1.3 Rating Tab................................................................................. 5
3.1.4 Worksheet Tab ......................................................................... 6
3.1.5 Performance Tab........................................................................ 6
3.1.6 Dynamics Tab ........................................................................... 7
3.1.7 Air Cooler Example ................................................................... 7
3.2 Cooler/Heater............................................................................. 9
3.2.1 Theory........................................................................................ 9
3.2.2 Design Tab ................................................................................9
3.2.3 Rating Tab................................................................................ 10
3.2.4 Worksheet Tab ..........................................................................11
3.2.5 Performance Tab.................................................................... 11
3.2.6 Dynamics Tab .......................................................................... 13
3.2.7 Example - Gas Cooler........................................................... 13
3.3 Heat Exchanger .......................................................................... 15
3.3.1 Theory..................................................................................
3.3.2 Design Tab .............................................................................
3.3.3 Rating Tab................................................................................
3.3.4 Worksheet Tab ........................................................................
3.3.5 Performance Tab......................................................................
3.3.6 Heat Exchanger Examples.......................................................

15
16
26
38
38
40

3.4 Fired Heater (Furnace) ............................................................. 43

3.5 LNG............................................................................................ 43
3.5.1 Design Tab .............................................................................. 43
3.5.2 Rating Tab................................................................................ 53
3.5.3 Worksheet Tab ........................................................................ 53
3.5.4 Performance Tab..................................................................... 53
3.5.5 Dynamics Tab .......................................................................... 56
3.5.6 HTFS-MUSE Tab ..................................................................... 56
3.5.7 LNG Example........................................................................ 72

www.thuvien247.net

3.1. Air Cooler (lm mt bng khng kh)

Air Cooler s dng hn hp khng kh l tng, tng t nh trao
i nhit lm lnh hoc gia nhit dng qu trnh vo t ti iu
kin yu cu. Mt hoc nhiu qut tun hon khng kh qua cc v
lm mt cc dng lng. Dng khng kh c th c khai bo
ban u hoc c tnh ton t thng tin v tc qut. AIR
COOLER c th tnh ton cc thng s ci t khc nhau, bao gm:
- H s trao i nhit ton phn, UA
- Tng lu lng dng khng kh
- Nhit ca dng ra
ci t AIR COOLER bm phm F12 v chn Air Cooler t
UnitOps view hoc chn t Object Palette. b qua AIR
Biu tng Air cooler COOLER, chn Ignore check box. Hysys s hon ton b qua thao
tc ny (khng tnh ton dng ra) ti khi khi phc v trng thi
hot ng bng cch xa check box.
3.1.1. Nguyn l
Air Cooler s dng phng trnh c bn ging nh Heat
Exchanger. Tuy nhin Air Cooler c th tnh ton dng kh da
trn thng tin v tc qut. Tnh ton da trn cn bng nng
lng gia dng khng kh v hi. Cn bng nng lng cho thit
b lm lnh bng khng kh c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Mair (Hout - Hin)air = Mprocess(Hin - Hout)process
Trong :
Mair = lu lng khi lng khng kh
Mprocess = lu lng khi lng dng qu trnh
H = enthalpy

www.thuvien247.net
Nhit nng thit b trao i nhit, Q c xc nh bi h s trao
i nhit ton phn, din tch b mt trao i nhit v chnh lch
nhit :
Q = - UADTLMFt
Trong :
U = h s truyn nhit chung
A = din tch b mt trao i nhit
DTLM = logarit chnh lch nhit (LMTD)
Ft = h s hiu chnh
H s hiu chnh LMTD, Ft c tnh ton t cu trc hnh hc v
cu to thit b lm lnh bng khng kh.

3.1.2. Design tab

Gm 4 trang: Connections, Parameters, User Variables v Notes.
Connections Page
Trang ny cung cp tn nguyn liu v dng hi qua thit b Air
Cooler, c th thay i tn trong mc Name

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters Page
Trong trang Parameters, cc thng tin sau s c hin th:
Thng s

M t

Delta P

gim p DP ca qu trnh c th c xc
nh trc. DP c th c tnh ton nu cung
cp c hai gi tr p sut dng vo v dng ra.
Khng c gim p lin quan vi dng khng
kh. p sut khng kh qua thit b lm lnh gi
nh bng p sut kh quyn.

UA

UA bng tch ca h s truyn nhit ton phn v

tng din tch b mt trao i nhit. Hiu sut
thit b t l vi chnh lch nhit logarit,
trong UA l h s t l. UA cng c th c
xc nh trc hoc tnh ton bng Hysys.

Configuration Danh sch ko th configuration hin th s sp

xp cc ng trong thit b lm lnh bng khng
kh. C by loi thit b cu to khc nhau la
chn. Hysys s nh r h s hiu chnh, Ft da
trn cu hnh thit b trao i nhit
Inlet/Exit Air Nhit dng khng kh vo v ra c th c
Temperatures xc nh trc hoc tnh ton bi Hysys

User Variables Page

Trang ny gip attach code v customize cho case m phng Hysys
bng cch thm cc bin User Variables. Thng tin chi tit, xem
chng User Variables trong Customization Guide.
4

www.thuvien247.net
Notes Page
Trang ny cho php ghi ch hoc nh du AIR COOLER v case
m phng.
3.1.3. Rating Tab
Gm hai trang Sizing v Nozzles
Sizing Page

Trong trang ny hin th thng tin v qut cho thit b Air Cooler:
Thng s qut
Number of Fans
Speed
Demanded
Speed

Max
Acceleration
Design speed
Design flow
Current Air
Flow

M t
Xc nh s lng qut trong thit b lm lnh
Tc qut
Tc yu cu ca qut. Trong m phng
tnh, n chnh bng tc ca qut. Tc
yu cu c tnh ton t cc thng tin v
qut hoc do ngi s dng cung cp t u.
Tham s ny ch p dng trong m phng
ng
Tc qut lm lnh khng kh.N dng tnh
ton cho dng khng kh qua thit b lm lnh
Dng khng kh ca thit b lm lnh khng kh
c tnh ton hoc do ngi s dng cung
cp t u. Nu do ngi s dng cung cp t
u th khng cn tc qut

Dng khng kh qua qut c tnh ton theo quan h tuyn tnh:
5

www.thuvien247.net
Fan Air Flow = Speed x Design Flow /Design Speed
Mi qut phn phi dng khng kh qua thit b lm lnh. Tng
dng khng kh c tnh ton nh sau:
Total Air Flow = Fan Air Flow
3.1.4.Worksheet tab
Worksheet Tab cha ton b cc thng tin v dng qu trnh qua
thit b lm lnh bng khng kh Air cooler. Cc trang Conditions,
Properties, Compositions cha cc thng tin t cc trang tng
ng ca Worksheet Tab v cc thuc tnh ca dng. Trang PF
Specs c tm tt cc thuc tnh ca dng trong Dynamics Tab.
3.1.5. Performance Tab
C cc trang hin th kt qu tnh ton ca Air Cooler.
Results Pages
Cc thng tin t Results Page c ch ra di y:
Kt qu
Working Fluid
Duty
LMTD
Correction
Factor, Ft
UA

LMTD

Inlet/Exit Process
Temperatures
Inlet/Exit Air
Temperatures

M t
xc nh s thay i nng sut ca dng vo
v dng ra
Hprocess, in + Duty = Hprocess, out
H s hiu chnh s dng tnh ton ton b
trao i nhit trong Air Cooler, tnh cho cu
to ca cc ng khc nhau
UA bng tch ca h s truyn nhit ton
phn v tng din tch b mt trao i nhit.
Hiu sut thit b t l vi chnh lch nhit
logarit, trong UA l h s t l. UA
cng c th c xc nh trc hoc tnh
ton bng Hysys
c tnh ton trong vng nhit tim cn
( chnh lch nhit cui), s dng
phng trnh sau:
TLM = ( T1 T2 ) / ln ( T1 /T2)
Trong : T1 = Thot, out Tcold, in
T2 = Thot, in Tcold, out
c th c khai bo hoc c tnh ton
bng Hysys
c th c khai bo hoc c tnh ton
bng Hysys
6

www.thuvien247.net

Khi lm vic
trn m phng
tnh khng thay
i cc thng
s trong tab
ny c

3.1.6. Dynamics Tab

Nu ang m phng tnh, khng th thay i gi tr cc trang truy
cp qua Tab ny. c thng tin chy Cooler v Heater trn m
phng ng, xem chi tit ti liu Dynamic Modeling Guide.
3.1.7. V d (Air Cooler Example)
Mt Air Cooler s dng lm lnh dng lng
1. To mt Fluid Package nh di y, thm Material stream Feed
Property Package
NRTL

Components (Thnh phn)

Ethanol, 1-Pentanol

Material Stream (feed)

Tab [Page]
Input Area
Temperature
Worksheet
Pressure
[Conditions]
Molar Flow
Ethanol Mole Frac
Worksheet
[Composition] 1-Pentanol Mole Frac

Gi tr nhp vo
100.0000 F
16.0000 psi
2200.0000 lbmole/hr
0.5
0.5

2. Thng s ca AIR COOLER connections v parameters c ch

ra bng di. Trang Parameters gm cc thng s ca qut
7

www.thuvien247.net
AIR COOLER [AC-100]
Tab [Page]
Input Area
Feed
Design
[Connections]
Product
Delta P
Configuration
Design
[Parameters]
Air Intake Temperature
Air Outlet Temperature

Gi tr nhp vo
Feed
Product
1.2 psi
1 tube row, 1 pass
77 F
86 F

3. S dng cc thng s di y, Hysys c th tnh ton c lu

lng th tch ca khng kh
AIR COOLER [AC-100]
Tab [Page]
Input Area
Number of Fans
Rating [Sizing]

Demanded Speed
Design Speed
Design Flow

Gi tr nhp vo
1
42 rpm
60 rpm
5.5x107 barrel/day

4. Air Cooler c y thng s. Cc iu kin ca dng ra

c hin th trn trang Conditions ca Worksheet Tab

5556opbxb
5. Cc thng s ca Air Cooler c ch ra trn trang Results
ca Performance tab:

www.thuvien247.net
3.2. Cooler / Heater

Biu tng Cooler

L thit b trao i nhit mt chiu. Dng vo c lm lnh hoc

gia nhit t c iu kin yu cu dng ra. Dng nng lng
hp th (hoc cung cp) do chnh lch Enthalpy gia hai dng.
Cng c m phng ny hu ch khi ch quan tm ti dng nng
lng yu cu bao nhiu lm lnh hoc gia nhit dng qu trnh,
m khng quan tm n iu kin khc.
3.2.1. Nguyn l

Biu tng Heater

Cooler v Heater s dng cng mt phng trnh c s. S khc

nhau theo quy c v du. Xc nh r dng nng lng tuyt i
ca cc dng v Hysys s thm cc gi tr sau:
- Vi Cooler, Enthalpy v dng nhit nng b tr t dng vo:
Heat Flowinlet - Dutycooler = Heat Flowoutlet
- Vi Heater, dng nhit nng c cng vo:

im khc bit
duy nht gia
Cooler v Heater
l phng trnh
cn bng nng
lng

Heat Flowinlet + Dutycooler = Heat Flowoutlet

thit lp Cooler, bm phm F12, chn Cooler t UnitOps view
hoc chn Cooler t Object Palette. C th thit lp Heater bng
phng php tng t.
3.2.2. Design Tab
Gm 4 trang: Connections, Parameters, User Variables v Notes
Connections Page
trang Connections, cung cp tn dng nng lng vo v ra. C
th thay i tn ca Operation trong Name. Hnh di y ch ra
trang Connections cho Cooler.

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters Page
Parameters p dng tnh gim p Delta P qua thit b v hiu
sut ca dng nng lng. C gim p v dng nng lng c
th khai bo trc tip hoc c xc nh thng qua cc dng. Giao
din Parameters Page nh trong hnh sau:

C th cung cp gi tr Negative Duty, tuy nhin ch rng

- Vi Cooler, Negative Duty ngha l hiu sut gia nhit dng vo.
- Vi Heater, Negative Duty ngha l hiu sut lm lnh dng vo.
User Variables Page
Trang User Variables cho php lin kt code v customize case m
phng bng Hysys bng cch thm User Variables. thm thng
tin ci t Option ny, xem chng User Variables trong
Customization Guide
Notes Page
Trang ny cho php ghi li hoc nh du cc quan h ca Cooler,
Heater v case m phng ca bn.
3.2.3. Rating Tab
Ch c th cung
cp cc thng tin
mc nh khi s
dng m phng
ng

Nozzles Page
trang ny, c th khai bo cc thng s ca cc vi phun cho c
dng vo v dng ra lin kt vi Cooler hoc Heater. Bi v khi m
phng ng c th cn thm cc vi phun thch hp vo Cooler hay
Heater, thng tin chi tit xem Chapter 4- Heat Transfer Equiqment
ca Dynamics Modeling Guide.
10

www.thuvien247.net
Heat Loss Page
Thng tin v tn tht nhit thch hp vi m hnh ng, xem trong
Dynamic Modeling Guide.
3.2.4. Worksheet Tab
Mc PF specs
ch dung trong
m phng ng

Trang ny cha thng tin tm tt ca giao din thuc tnh ca tt c

cc dng lin kt vi thit b. Cc trang Conditions, Properties, v
Composition cha cc thng tin chn lc t cc trang tng ng
ca Worksheet Tab trong giao din thuc tnh. Trang PF Specs
cha kt qu ca stream property view ca m hnh ng
3.2.5. Performance Tab
Cha cc trang hin th thng tin c tnh ton ca cc dng.
Performance parameters gm cc thuc tnh sau ca dng:
Pressure
Temperature
Vapour Fraction
Enthalpy
Mi thng tin hin th trn Performance Tab th ch c c m
khng th sa cha c.
Profiles Page
Khi lm vic trong m phng tnh, trang Profile ch quan tm ti s
lng cc thng s vng, Zones Condition s c tnh ton ch vi
dng vo

11

www.thuvien247.net
Plots Page
Trn trang Plots c th hin th th biu din c tnh cc thng
s ghi li cc thay i xy ra trn thit b. m phng tnh, y l
ng thng v dng c tnh ton, cc tnh cht ca dng c
ly t dng vo v ra. Cc gi tr ny khng c tnh ton trong
thit b. Mi thng s c trng c lit k trong trong cc X
Variable v Y Variable nh th di y. Chn cc trc v bin
cn so snh v biu s hin th. C th bit s lng cc khong
mun tnh ton qua th trong Intervals bn di trang ny.
D dng chia cc ng thng thnh nhiu on, gi tr hin th nh
miu t trang Tables.
th quan h nhit - enthalpy ca Cooler vi 5 on c ch
ra hnh sau:

Tables Page
Trang ny th hin Tabular Plot Results s dng xy dng th
trn Plots page. Tt c cc gi tr nhit , p sut, thnh phn hi
v Enthalpy tnh ton cho mi khong c lit k y. C th
xem s khong c tnh ton cui trang ny.

12

www.thuvien247.net
3.2.6. Dynamics Tab
Nu lm vic m phng tnh, khng th thay i cc gi tr trn
trang truy cp qua tab ny. c thng tin chy trn Cooler v
Heater trong m hnh ng, xem chi tit Dynamic Modeling
guide, Chapter 4 - Heat Transfer Equipment
3.2.7. V d Gas Cooler
Mt dng kh cn lm lnh t nhit 60F ti 105F vi gim
p sut 15 psi.
1. To mt Fluid Package nh di y:
Property Package

Components

Peng Robinson

Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, C1, C2, C3, iC4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6, n-C7, n-C8

2. Thit lp dng vt cht vi cc thng s sau:

MATERIAL STREAM [E-1 Inlet]
Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]

Worksheet
[Composition]

Input Area

Entry

Temperature

60.0000 F

Pressure

600.0000 psi

Molar Flow

100.0000 lbmole/hr

Nitrogen Mole Frac

0.0149

CO2 Mole Frac

0.0020

Methane Mole Frac

0.9122

Ethane Mole Frac

0.0496

Propane Mole Frac

0.0148

i-Butane Mole Frac

0.0026

n-Butane Mole Frac

0.0020

i-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0010

n-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0006

n-Hexane Mole Frac

0.0001

n-Heptane Mole Frac

0.0001

n-Octane Mole Frac

0.0001

3. Thit lp Cooler v hon thnh trang Connections

13

www.thuvien247.net

Biu tng Cooler

Hiu sut lnh yu

cu ca dng lnh
vo E-1 chnh
bng hiu sut
dng nng E-1
Hiu sut ny cng
c hin th trn
Parameters page
4. gim p 15 psi c xc nh trong trang Parameters.
ca Design tab
trong COOLER
5. Chuyn ti trang Conditions ca Worksheet tab. Dng ra E-1
property view

hon ton khng bit, gi tr nhit nng cha bit. Dng mt bc t

do duy tr bi thng s nhit dng ra E-1 l -105F. Hysys s
tnh ton, duy tr iu kin dng ra t nhit nng lm lnh cn
thit. Cc thng s c ch ra bng di y:
Name

E-1 Inlet

E-1 Outlet

Temperature [F]

60.0000

-105.0000

Pressure [psia]

600.0000

<empty>

Molar Flow [lbmole/hr]

100.0000

<empty>

6. Kt qu ch ra trong Conditions page ca Worksheet tab

14

www.thuvien247.net
3.3 Thit b trao i nhit
Heat Exchanger (Thit b trao i nhit) trong Hysys thc hin
tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng. Cng c m
phng ny c tnh linh hot, gii quyt cc vn v nhit , p
sut, dng nhit nng (bao gm tn tht nhit do mt mt v r r),
dng vt cht
Trong HYSYS, chn cng c Heat Exchanger (thit b trao i
nhit) tnh ton, phn tch. La chn bao gm m hnh thit k
phn tch gii hn, m hnh l tng (Ft = 1), m hnh tnh, m
hnh ng c s dng trong m phng ng. M hnh ng da
trn m hnh c s hoc chi tit, c th s dng m phng tnh
thit k thit b trao i nhit.

Biu tng thit b

trao i nhit

thit lp thit b trao i nhit bm phm F12, chn thit b trao

i nhit t UnitOps view hoc chn thit b trao i nhit t Object
Palette. b qua thit b trao i nhit, chn Ignored check box.
HYSYS s b qua thao tc (khng tnh ton dng ra) ti khi khi
phc n v trng thi hot ng.
3.3.1 Nguyn l
Heat Exchanger tnh ton da trn cn bng nng lng ca dng
nng v lnh. Trong biu thc di y, dng nng cung cp nhit
nng cho dng lnh
Sai s cn bng = (Mlnh .( Hra - H vo)lnh - Q r) (Mnng . (Hvo - Hra )nng - Q m)
Trong :

M : Lu lng khi lng dng

H : Enthalpy
Qr : Tn tht nhit do r r
Qm : Tn tht nhit do mt mt

Sai s cn bng l c trng ca Heat Exchanger, s nhn gi tr

bng 0 trong a s trng hp.
Ch s di nng v lnh c k hiu cho dng nng v dng
lnh, cn vo v ra c k hiu cho dng vo v dng ra.
Nhit nng Heat Exchanger c th c xc nh t h s truyn
nhit ton phn, din tch b mt truyn nhit v chnh lch nhit
logarit:

Q = U . A.DTLM .FT

(3.8)
15

www.thuvien247.net
Trong

U: H s truyn nhit ton phn

A: Din tch b mt truyn nhit
DTLM : Chnh lch nhit logarit (LMTD)
Ft : H s hiu chnh LMTD

Lu rng h s truyn nhit v din tch b mt truyn nhit

thng c kt hp thnh i lng UA c s dng ph bin.
LMTD v h s hiu chnh ca n c nh ngha trong mc
Performance.
3.3.2. Design Tab
Gm 5 trang: Connections, Parameters, Specs, User Variables v
Notes
Connections Page
trang ny cung cp tn dng vo, dng ra, cng nh tn ca dng
i bn trong v ngoi ng.

Trong mc ny
tho lun v m
phng tnh thit b
trao i nhit.
Thng tin chi tit
v m phng ng
thit b ny xem
trong Dynamic
Modeling guide,
Chapter 4 -Heat
Transfer
Equipment

Parameters Page
Trong trang ny c th chn m hnh tnh ton v nhp d liu vt
l thch hp. Parameters Page hin th ph thuc vo la chn m
hnh tnh ton.
Lu rng khi Thit b trao i nhit c thit lp nh l mt
b phn ca lu trnh Column Sbub-Flowsheet (nh khi s dng
phng php tnh ton HYSIM bin i) cc m hnh thit b
trao i nhit ny khng s dng c. Thay vo , trong
Column Sbub-Flowsheet, thit b trao i nhit tnh ton t
thp nh cn bng nhit v cn bng vt cht n gin.
16

www.thuvien247.net
T danh sch ko th chn phng php tnh cho thit b trao i
nhit. C cc m hnh trao i nhit sau y:
Exchanger Design (Endpoint)
Exchanger Design (Weighted)
Steady State Rating
Dynamic Rating
C 2 loi tn tht nhit xc nh
Heat Leak Hao tn nng sut dng lnh do r r. Nng sut
tng phn nh s tng nhit .
Heat Loss Hao tn nng sut dng nng do mt mt. Nng
sut gim phn nh s gim nhit .
Tt c cc m hnh thit b trao i nhit c s dng cho tnh
ton trao i nhit xui dng v ngc dng.
M hnh thit k End Point
M hnh ny thit k da trn c s phng trnh nng sut trao i
nhit tiu chun (phng trnh (3.8) trn), xc nh ton b cc
thng s: h s trao i nhit, din tch b mt trao i nhit, chnh
lch nhit . Gi thit chnh ca m hnh c nu ra:
1. H s truyn nhit, U l hng s
2. Nhit dung ring ca c hai dng i trong v ngoi ng l
hng s
Tm li, m hnh ny kho st ng c tuyn nhit ca c hai
dng trong v ngoi thit b trao i nhit l tuyn tnh. Trng hp
n gin, khng c s bin i pha v Cp l hng s, m hnh ny
c th m phng thit b trao i nhit. Trong trng hp c
tuyn nhit l ng phi tuyn, phi thay th bng m hnh
Weighted.

17

www.thuvien247.net
Chn m hnh End point, c cc tham s sau:

Vi chm n ng,
HYSYS tnh ton
trao i nhit
trn c s c t
nht 2n ng i
qua. Cc ng
cong h s hiu
chnh LMTDcho
ng v v c th
tm thy trong
GPSA
Engineering
Data Book,
thng thng c
n v v 2n hoc
nhiu hn s
ng.

Tham s End point

M t

Chnh lch p sut

trong v ngoi ng

chnh p sut DP ca hai dng trong

v ngoi ng ca thit b trao i nhit
c xc nh. Nu bn khng xc nh
c gi tr Delta P, Hysys s tnh ton
chng t p sut ca dng.

Passes

Bn la chn Hysys thc hin cc php

tnh ton, cc thao tc trn Counter
Current (l tng vi Ft=1) hoc s ng.
S lng cc ng xc nh l s nguyn
t 1 n 7. Khi s ng xc nh, Hysys
s tnh ton cc thng s thch hp cho
thit k. Gi tr thp hn 0.8 tng ng
thit k s dng khng hiu qu b mt
trao i nhit. S ng ln hn hoc
chnh lch nhit ln khng s dng
trong trng hp ny

UA

L tch ca h s truyn nhit ton phn

v tng ton b din tch b mt trao i
nhit. Hiu sut thit b trao i nhit t
l vi chnh lch nhit logarit. UA c
th c xc lp hoc tnh ton bng
Hysys

M hnh thit k Weighted

M hnh Weighted
ch c s dng
trong tnh ton
trao i nhit
ngc dng.

M hnh ny l m hnh rt tuyt vi trong trng hp ng cong

truyn nhit l phi tuyn nh thay i thnh phn pha mt hoc c
hai dng trong thit b trao i nhit. Vi m hnh Weighted ng
cong truyn nhit b chia thnh tng on v cn bng nng lng
c tnh ton theo tng on. LMTD v UA c tnh ton cho
mi on trong ng cong nhit v tng tnh cho ton b UA trao
i nhit.
M hnh ny ch dng cho thit b trao i nhit ngc dng, v bn
cht l m hnh cn bng nng lng v vt cht. Cu trc hnh hc
nh hng ti h s hiu chnh Ft, khng c kho st trong m
hnh ny
Khi bn chn m hnh Weighted, Parameters Page s xut hin
nh trong giao din sau:
18

www.thuvien247.net

Bng di y m t cc mc th hin trong giao din:

Mc (Item)

Heat Loss/Leak

Tubeside and
Shellside Delta P

UA

M t
Bn c th nh r c hay khng c tn
tht nhit bng cch chn phm tng ng.
Nt None c mc nh. C hai la chn
tn tht nhit khc:
Extremes (im cc tr) : Trong dng
nng, nhit lng tn tht c xem xt
ni nhit cao nht. Bn cht, nh
ca ng cong nhit chuyn dch theo
lng nhit tn tht. y l din bin ti
t nht c th. Trong dng lnh, lng
nhit tng ni nhit thp nht
Proportional (t l): Lng nhit tn
tht c phn phi trn ton b cc
khong
chnh p DP trong v ngoi ng ca
thit b trao i nhit c th c xc nh
y. Nu bn khng nh r gi tr DP,
Hysys s tnh ton chng t p sut hi c
nh
L tch ca h s truyn nhit ton phn v
tng ton b din tch b mt trao i
nhit. Hiu sut thit b trao i nhit t l
vi chnh lch nhit logarit. UA c th
c xc lp hoc tnh ton bng Hysys

Vi mi loi thit b trao i nhit, cc thng s di y c hin

th (nhng Pass Name c th c bin i)
19

www.thuvien247.net
Individual Heat
Curve Details

M t

Pass Name

Nhn dng dng trong v ngoi ng theo

nh tn m bn cung cp Connections
Page

Intervals

S lng cc on c th nh r. Vi s
thay i nhit khng tuyn tnh, cn
nhiu on hn

Dew/bubble point

Chn vo hp thoi ny thm vo mt

im bt hay im sng trn ng cong
nhit. Nu c s chuyn pha xy ra, hp
thoi thch hp c chn.

C 3 la chn cho Step Type trong Individual Heat Curve Details

Step Type

M t

Equal Enthalpy

Tt c cc on c s thay i enthalpy

Equal Temperature

Tt c cc on c s thay i nhit

Auto Interval

Hysys s xc nh v tr cc im nn
thm vo ng cong nhit. y l
thit k ti thiu ha cc li, s
dng t nht s lng cc on

Pressure profile c cp nht trong vng lp ngoi, s dng mt

trong cc phng php di y:
Pressure Profile

Phng php tnh ton

Constant dPdH

Duy tr dPdH khng i trong sut qu

trnh cp nht

Constant dPdUA

Duy tr dPdUA khng i trong sut qu

trnh cp nht

Constant dPdA

Duy tr dPdA khng i trong sut qu

trnh cp nht. Hin ti khng p dng cho
trao i nhit v din tch cha tnh

Inlet Pressure

p sut khng i v bng p sut u vo

Outlet Pressure

p sut khng i v bng p sut u ra

Steady State Rating Model

y l m hnh m rng ca m hnh End point bao gm vic tnh
ton t l v s dng nhng gi thit v d kin ging nh trong m
hnh End Point. Nu cung cp chi tit cc thng tin hnh hc, c
20

www.thuvien247.net
th nh gi thit b trao i nhit s dng m hnh ny. Nh tn
gi, m hnh ny ch ph hp trong m phng tnh.
Trong trng hp ng cong nhit tuyn tnh hoc gn tuyn tnh,
nn s dng m hnh ny. Do phng php tnh, m hnh tnh thc
hin tnh ton nhanh hn so vi m hnh ng

Khi chn Steady State Rating Model c, cc Parameters di

y c s dng:
End Point
Parameters

M t

Tubeside and
Shellside Delta P

chnh p DP c xc nh y. Nu
khng c gi tr DP, Hysys s t ng tnh
ton t p sut dng lin kt vi thit b.

UA

L tch ca h s truyn nhit ton phn v

tng ton b din tch b mt trao i nhit.
Hiu sut thit b trao i nhit t l vi
logarit chnh lch nhit . UA c th c
khai bo hoc tnh ton bng Hysys.

Dynamic Rating
Hai m hnh Basic v Detailed c th s dng cho Dynamic rating
trong tnh ton thit b trao i nhit. Nu c ba thng s nhit
hoc hai thng s nhit v mt gi tr UA, c th xc nh thit
b trao i nhit bng m hnh Basic. Nu cung cp chi tit cc
thng tin hnh hc, c th s dng m hnh Detailed. Ch rng
Specs Page s xut hin khi Dynamic Rating c chn.
M hnh Basic da trn c s nhng gi thuyt v d liu ging
nh vi m hnh thit k End Point, trong s dng phng trnh
hiu sut thit b trao i nhit tiu chun (phng trnh 3.8) xc
nh h s truyn nhit v din tch b mt trao i nhit v logarit
chnh lch nhit . M hnh Basic l bn sao ca m hnh thit k
21

www.thuvien247.net
End Point cho m phng ng nhng vn c th s dng cho nh
gi trao i nhit trong m phng tnh.
M hnh Detailed da trn nhng gi thit v d liu ging m
hnh Weighted v chia thit b trao i nhit thnh cc vng nhit,
thc hin cn bng nng lng dc theo mi khong. M hnh ny
yu cu chi tit thng tin hnh hc ca thit b trao i nhit. M
hnh Detailed l bn sao ca m hnh thit k Weighted cho m
phng ng nhng vn c th s dng cho nh gi trao i nhit
trong m phng tnh.
Chn Dynamic Rating, khng yu cu thm thng tin t
Parameters Page ca Design Tab. Chn Basic hoc Detailed trn
Parameters page ca Design tab

Specs page
Nu lm vic vi
Dynamic Rating
model th trang
ny s khng
xut hin trn
Design tab

trang ny, s thy ba hp thoi cho bit cc thng s khc nhau

v thng tin tnh ton. Cc thng tin cung cp trong Specs page ch
c gi tr vi cc m hnh Weighted, Endpoint and Steady State
Rating v n khng xut hin khi la chn m hnh Dynamic
Rating

22

www.thuvien247.net
Solver Group
Trong hp Solver Group c cha cc thng s sau :
Solver Parameters Chi tit
Tolerance

Thit lp sai s tnh ton

Curent error

Khi sai s nh hn sai s tnh ton cho php,

kt qu c xem xt hi t v mt im

Iterations

Hin th vng lp ngoi. vng lp ngoi

ng cong nhit c cp nht v thc
hin cc tnh ton cc i lng c trng.
Cc tnh ton khng c cc iu kin rng
buc cht ch c tnh ton trong vng lp
trong. Cc iu kin rng buc cng s c
xem xt trong vng lp trong.

Unknown Variables Group

Hysys s lit k tt c cc bin cha bit theo cc thng s c
nhp. Khi bi ton c gii quyt, gi tr ca cc bin ny s
c hin th.
Khng c Heat
Balance
specification, s
khng c cn
bng nhit. V
vy y l iu
kin bt buc khi
tnh thit b trao
i nhit

Specification Group
Ch rng vic xc nh Heat Balance (c xc nh t 0 kJ/h) l
iu kin bt buc. Duty Error c th b qua.
Khi khng xc nh Heat Balance c th xc nh tt c bn dng
trao i nhit, Hysys s tnh sai s cn bng nhit, s hin th gi tr
hin thi trong hp thoi Specifications.
The UA l thng s mc nh. Hysys hin th gi tr ny nh mt
i lng thng dng. C th s dng i lng ny hoc khng.
C th View hoc Delete cc thng s bng cch s dng cc phm
pha phi hp thoi. Cc thng s t ng xut hin khi mt thng
s mi c khai bo thng qua phm Add nh th hin trn hnh
di y.
Specification view gm hai trang tab: Parameters v Summary.
V d, xc nh Delta Temp Spec (chnh lch nhit ) yu cu hai
tn dng v gi tr ca thng s.

23

www.thuvien247.net

Summary Page dng xc nh cc thng s Active hoc

Estimate. Gi tr Spec Value cng th hin trn trang ny.
Ch rng thng tin hin th trn Specification view cng hin th
trn Specifications group.
Active l mt thut
ton hi t. Active
hot ng khi c hai
hp c chn

Tt c cc thng s s thuc mt trong ba loi sau:

Specification Type M T
Active

Estimate c s
Estimate
dng nh mt thut
ton hi t ban u, v
c coi l thng s
khng hot ng.

Completely Inactive
b qua hon ton
thut ton hi t,
nhng c th khi
phc active hoc
estimate sau .

Completely
Inactive

Active l mt thut ton hi t. Lu rng

active lun lun c gi tr gn ng ban u
(khi chn Active, hysys s t ng chn
Estimate). Active c mt bc t do.
Estimate c coi l thng s khng hot
ngv thut ton hi t khng p ng.
s dng ch estimate th phi b du chn
trong active. Gi tr sau ch c thc
hin bng gi tr gn ng ban u cho thut
ton hi t. Estimate khng s dng bc t
do c.
b qua gi tr ca cc thng s tnh ton
trong qu trnh hi t, b du chn trong c
hai active v estimate. Bng cch b qua
nh vy s tt hn l xo cc thng s, c
th sau ny bn s mun s dng li.

Danh sch cc thng s cho php th cc tp hp khc nhau ca cc

thng s trong ba thng s nu trn. V d, gi s c mt s cc
thng s v mun xc nh xem cc thng s no s active, cc
thng s no s l estimate v nhng thng s no s ignored. Bng

24

www.thuvien247.net
cc thao tc chn vo cc tng ng, c th th mt vi phng
n sao cho nhn c kt qu mong mun.
Xem xt mt s thng s c th:
Specification Type M T
Nhit Cn bng
nhit u vo nng
l nhit ca
dng nng i vo
tr i gim
nhit do tn
tht nhit.
Nhit Cn bng
nhit u vo lnh
l nhit ca
dng vo lnh
cng vi tng
nhit

Temperature

Nhit ca dng ni vi trao i nhit.

Nhit cn bng ca dng nng hoc lnh
c th c xc nh.

Delta Temp

Chnh lch nhit u vo hoc u ra

gia hai dng ni vi trao i nhit. Nhit
cn bng u vo nng hoc lnh (lin quan
n nhit mt mt v nhit r r vi iu kin
u vo) c th c s dng.

Minimum
Approach

Gn ng ti thiu nhit bn trong. Chnh

lch nhit gia dng nng v dng lnh
(khng nht thit l u vo hay u ra)

UA

UA ton phn (tch ca h s truyn nhit

ton phn v din tch b mt truyn nhit)

LMTD

Chnh lch nhit logarit ton phn

Duty

Hiu sut ton phn, sai s, nhit mt mt,

nhit r r. Sai s s nhn gi tr bng 0 khi
cn bng nhit c bo ton. Tn tht nhit
s ch c khi ci t Extremes hoc
Proportional trong Parameters page

Duty Ratio

Duty Ratio c th xc nh gia bt k hai

trong s cc i lng: nhit nng ton phn,
sai s, tn tht nhit v mt mt nhit.

Flow

Lu lng ca dng ni vi trao i nhit

(lu lng khi lng, lu lng mol, hoc
lu lng th tch lng)

Flow Ratio

T s gia hai lu lng dng vo. Tt c

cc t l khc l khng c chp nhn hoc
l tha (tc l lu lng dng vo v dng ra
v hoc ng l bng nhau)

User Variables Page

User Variables Page cho php vit code v thit lp cc case m
phng c thm cc bin mi theo yu cu ca ngi s dng.

25

www.thuvien247.net
c thm thng tin, xem User Variables chapter trong ti liu
Customization Guide.
Notes Pages
Notes Pages cho php son tho di dng vn bn nhng ghi ch
hoc thng tin lin quan n thit b trao i nhit hoc m phng
ni chung.
3.3.3. Rating Tab
Rating tab bao gm 4 pages: Sizing, Parameters, Nozzles v Heat
Loss. Trong Parameters page ch c s dng cho Dynamics
Heat Exchanger trong m phng ng hoc trong Dynamics khi s
dng Dynamic Rating .
Sizing Page
Sizing Page cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n kch thc truyn
nhit. Da trn cc thng tin v hnh dng, Hysys s tnh ton
chnh lch p sut v h s truyn nhit i lu ca c b mt trao
i nhit v tc trao i nhit.
Cc thng tin ny c thc hin bng ba phm: Overall, Shell,
Tube.
Overall
Khi chn Overall, ton b hnh dng thit b trao i nhit c
hin th trn giao din:

26

www.thuvien247.net
Trong phn Configuration c th la chn kiu ng thit k thit
b gia nhit, bao gm:
Field

M t
Cc v mc ni tip

Number of Shells
in Series

Cc v c mc song song

Number of Shells
in Parallel
Lu : hin ti nhiu v mc song song
khng c h tr trong hysys
Tube Passes per
Shell

S ng trong mt chm v thng l 2n ng

Exchanger
Orientation

La chn t ng nm ngang hay thng

ng. Ch c s dng trong m phng
ng. Khi t v thng ng, cn xc nh
u trn v di ca v bng cch s dng
hp chn sau:

First Tube Pass

Flow Direction

La chn dng trao i l cng chiu hay

ngc chiu

Elevation (base)

Chiu cao thit b trao i nhit so vi mt

t v mc ny cng ch c s dng trong
m phng ng

C th xc nh s lng v v s ng trong trao i nhit. Ni

chung, t nht c 2n ng cho mi n v. Tr trng hp dng trao
i nhit ngc chiu c mt ng v mt v i qua. Hng ca trao
Danh sch ko th
TEMA-type

i nhit c th l thng ng hoc nm ngang. Hng ca trao i

nhit khng nh hng n kt qu tnh ton trong m phng tnh.

27

www.thuvien247.net
Tuy nhin, trong m phng ng n c s dng tnh ton mc
cht lng trong v.
Hnh dng ca thit b trao i nhit c th c xc nh bng
cch s dng danh sch ko th trong TEMA-style. Danh sch u
tin lit k cc kiu np c nh pha trc ca trao i nhit. Danh
sch th hai bao gm cc kiu v. Danh sch th ba lit k cc kiu
u cui ca trao i nhit. bit thm thng tin chi tit v
TEMA-style ca cc trao i nhit dng ng chm, xem trang 1133 ca Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook (1997 edition)
Trong mc Calculated Information hin th cc thng s sau ca
thit b trao i nhit:
Shell HT Coeff
Tube HT Coeff
Overall U
Overall UA
Shell DP
Tube DP
Heat Trans. Area per Shell
Tube Volume per Shell
Shell Volume per Shell

Shell
Nu chn phm Shell, cu hnh v v cch chia ngn trong mi v
s c xc nh.

28

www.thuvien247.net
Trong phn Shell and Tube Bundle c th la chn kiu v
thit k thit b gia nhit. Cc mc sau s c s dng:
Field

M t

Shell Diameter

ng knh ng hoc v

Number of Tubes
per Shell

S ng trn mi v

Tube Pitch

Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 tm ca 2

ng cnh nhau (bc ng)

Tube Layout
Angle

Trong Hysys cc ng trong mi v c th b

tr theo 4 cch khc nhau:
Triangular (30)
Triangular Rotated (60)
Square (90)
Square Rotated (45)
c thm thng tin chi tit xem trang 139
ti liu Process Heat Transfer ca tc gi
Donald Q. Kern (1965)

Shell Fouling

cn bn ca mi ng c tnh trong h
s truyn nhit chung, UA

Trong mc Shell Baffles, cc mc sau s c s dng:

Field

Shell Baffle Type

Shell Baffle Orientation

M t
C 4 cch chn vch ngn:
Single,
Double,
Triple,
Grid
La chn vch ngn nm ngang
hay thng ng dc theo bn trong
thnh ng

Baffle cut (Area%)

T l din tch vch ngn v din

tch mt ct ngang ca v

Baffle Spacing

Khong trng gia cc vch ngn

29

www.thuvien247.net
Tube
Nu chn phm Tube, cc thng tin v hnh dng ca ng trong mi
v s c xc nh:

Trong mc Dimensions hin th cc thng s hnh hc ca ng :

Field

M t

Outer Tube
Diameter (OD)
Inner Tube
Diameter (ID)
Tube Thickness

Hai trong s ba thng s phi c xc nh

c trng cho kch thc ca ng.

Tube Length

Chiu di truyn nhit ca mt ng trong

mi v trao i nhit. Lu rng gi tr ny
khng phi l chiu di thc ca ng

Trong mc Tube Properties hin th c tnh kim loi lm ng:

cn bn ca ng.
dn nhit
Nhit dung ring ca thnh ng, Cp
Khi lng ring ca thnh ng

Parameters Page
Parameters Page ca Rating tab c dng xc nh kch
thc thit b trong m phng ng. C hai ch l Basic v
Detail. Vi Basic model phi xc nh h s trao i nhit ton
phn UA v gim p dc theo ng v v. Vi Detailed model
cn phi xc nh hnh dng v cc h s truyn nhit gia ng v
v trong thit b trao i nhit. Khi bi ton c gii quyt theo
mt trong hai m hnh trn, cc tham s trong Parameters Page
phi c in y .
30

www.thuvien247.net
Basic Model
Khi la chn Basic Model trong Parameters Page, trong m
phng ng, s hin th giao din sau:

Trong mc Dimensions c cc thng tin sau:

Th tch ng (Tube Volume)
Th tch v (Shell Volume)
cao
Cc thng s nh th tch ng, th tch v, din tch trao i nhit
c tnh ton t c im ca ng v v sau khi la chn kch
thc ca chng bng cch bm phm Shell v Tube trong Sizing
page. cao ca y thit b trao i nhit c th c xc nh
nhng khng cn thit trong m phng tnh.
Trong mc Parameters bao gm cc thng s trao i nhit, Tham
s hiu chnh F c th c bin i:
Field

M t

Overall UA

Tch h s truyn nhit ton phn v din

tch trao i nhit ca trao i nhit. HIu
sut trao i nhit t l vi chnh lch nhit
logarit, trong UA l h s t l. UA c
th xc nh hoc tnh bng Hysys.

Tubeside and
Shellside Delta P

gim p ca ng v v ca trao i nhit

c th xc nh ti y. Nu khng xc nh
gi tr DP, Hysys s tnh thng qua p sut
cc dng ti trao i nhit.

31

www.thuvien247.net
Detailed Model
Detailed model bao gm c thng tin chi tit ca Zone
Information, Heat Transfer Coefficient, v DeltaP. Chn Detailed
Model trong Parameters Page s hin th giao din sau:

Zone Information
Hysys c th chia thit b trao i nhit thnh nhiu phn khc nhau
gi l cc vng. Do iu kin dng ca ng v v l thay i qua
cc cng on, h s truyn nhit khng ging nhau dc theo chiu
di ca thit b trao i nhit. Bi vy khi chia ra cc vng ta c th
tnh h s truyn nhit ca tng vng ring bit, theo s ph hp
hn vi thit b trao i nhit thc t.
Trong mc Zone Information bao gm:
Field

M t

Zones per Shell

Pass

Nhp s vng trong mt v. Tng s vng

trong mt v ng truyn nhit c tnh l
Total Zones = Total Shell Passes Zones

Zone Fraction

T l th tch ca tng vng so vi tng th

tch v, Hysys s t ng iu chnh th tch
cc phn u nhau, bn cng c th iu
chnh th tch ln hay nh ca cc phn
so vi tng th tch ca v. Bm phm
Normalize Zone Fractions hiu chnh
tng cc phn bng 1.

32

www.thuvien247.net
Heat Transfer Coefficients
Trong Heat Transfer Coefficients bao gm cc thng tin v cc
thng s trong qu trnh tnh ton: h s truyn nhit ton phn
(UA), h s truyn nhit ring ca dng trong ng (hi) v h s
truyn nhit mi trng xung quanh (h0). H s truyn nhit c th
c xc nh theo 2 cch:
S dng cc thng tin cung cp trong mc Parameters page
v cc iu kin ca dng
Xc nh cc h s truyn nhit
Khi khng c s thay i pha ca dng lng c th tnh h s
truyn nhit ring hi theo biu thc Sieder-Tate.

Trong : Gi l lu lng khi lng dng trong ng

mi l nht ca dng lng trong ng
mi,w l nht ca dng lng tip xc vi thnh ng.
Cp,i nhit dung ring ca dng lng bn trong ng
Mi quan h gia h s truyn nhit ton phn v h s truyn nhit
ring c a ra trong biu thc sau:

Trong : U l h s truyn nhit ton phn

ho l h s truyn nhit ring bn ngoi ng
hi l h s truyn nhit ring bn trong ng
ro l cn bn bn ngoi ng
ri l cn bn bn trong ng
rw l bn ca thnh ng
Do ng knh ngoi ca ng
Di ng knh trong ca ng

33

www.thuvien247.net
Trong mc Heat Transfer coefficients cung cp cc thng tin:
Field

M t

Shell/Tube Heat
Transfer
Coefficient

H s truyn nhit ring ho v hi , c th

mc nh hoc tnh ton

Shell/Tube HT
Coefficient
Calculator

C th mc nh hoc tnh ton cc h s

truyn nhit ring ho, hi, t HT Coefficient
Calculator. Xc nh mt trong cc la
chn sau:
Shell & Tube: ho v hi c tnh ton
khi s dng thng tin trao i nhit v
cc h s hiu chnh.
U specified: h s truyn nhit ring ho
v hi c xc nh trc.

Delta P
Trong mc ny c cc thng tin tnh ton gim p trong ng
v v dc theo thit b trao i nhit. Trong m phng tnh c th
tnh theo mt trong hai cch:
Tnh ton gim p da vo cc thng tin trong Sizing page v
cc iu kin dng.
C th c xc nh t trc.
Cc thng tin trong mc ny gm c:
Field

M t

Shell/Tube
Delta P

gim p dc theo ng v v ca thit b trao

i nhit c th xc nh t trc hoc tnh ton.

Shell/Tube
DeltaP
Calculator

Shell/Tube DeltaP Calculator c xc nh

trc hoc tnh ton theo gim p dc theo
v/ng trao i nhit. Xc nh gim p
DeltaP t mt trong cc la chn sau y:
Shell & Tube Delta P Calculator: tnh ton
gim p trc tip khi s dng thng tin
trao i nhit v cc h s hiu chnh.
User specified: c xc nh t trc
Non specified: ch ng dng trong m phng
ng v c tnh t p sut ca dng

34

www.thuvien247.net
Detailed Heat Model Properties
Khi bm phm Specify Parameters for Individual Zones s xut
hin cc thng s trao i nhit v iu kin tnh ca tng vng.
Hysys s dng cc thut ng sau m t cc vng khc nhau ca
thit b trao i nhit.
Field

M t

Zone

Trong Hysys k hiu mi vng bng ch Z v

chng c nh s th t bt u t 0. Chng
hn nh, nu trao i nhit c 3 vng th s nh
s l Z0,Z1,Z2

Holdup

Hysys miu t mc cht lng trong mi vng k

hiu l H v c nh s t 0. Holdup 0 lun
lun l mc cht lng trong v thuc vng .
Holdup 1 cho n n biu din cc mc cht lng
n ng hin ti trong vng.

Tube Location

Hysys biu din v tr ng vi k hiu TH, n l

s mt tip xc gia cc vng. Tu thuc vo s
lng ng trong mi v, c th c mt vi v tr
ng vng . Chng hn nh, 2 v tr ng hin
c ti mi vng trong trao i nhit vi 1 v v 2
ng. V tr ng c nh s bt u t 1.

Xt thit b trao i nhit dng ng v v vi 3 vng, 1 v v 2 ng.

S sau nh s cc vng, v tr ng, v mc cht lng hin ti:

35

www.thuvien247.net
Heat Transfer (Individual) Tab

Trong giao din ny hin th cc thng s trao i nhit ca tng

vng. C s truyn nhit t dng lng trong ng sang dng trong v
xut hin thng qua cc b phn truyn nhit. C hai b phn i lu
v mt b phn dn nhit c lp t hp vi nhau ti mi v tr ng.
Tab ny hin th tt c cc b phn truyn nhit ti mi v tr ng
trn mt bng tnh. C th chn Conductive hoc Convective c
hin th tng ng danh sch ko th ca Heat Transfer Type.
Heat Transfer
Element

M t

Convective
Element

Shell Side element c kt hp vi h s

truyn nhit ring ho xung quanh ng. Tube Side
c kt hp vi h s truyn nhit ring hi,
bn trong ng. Cc h s truyn nhit ring ny
c th c tnh bng Hysys hoc c ngi
dng bin i.

Conductive
Element

B phn ny c kt hp vi dn nhit qua

thnh ng kim loi. dn nhit ca ng kim
loi, nhit bn trong v bn ngoi thnh ng
c hin th. dn nhit c th c ngi
dng bin i.

Heat Transfer (Global) Tab

Tab ny hin th cc b phn truyn nhit thuc ton b thit b trao
i nhit. Bn c th la chn hin th overall Conductive hoc l
Convective elements bng cch chn kiu t danh sch ko th
trong Heat Transfer Type.
36

www.thuvien247.net
Tabular Results Tab
Giao din ny hin th c tnh ca cc dng lng chy qua ng v
v. iu kin ca dng vo v ra ca mi vng c hin th :
Enthalpy
Temperature
Cumulative UA
Pressure
Cumulative Heat Flow
Vapour Fraction
Length (into heat exchanger)
Molar Flow
C th chn dng qua v hoc ng bng cch chn dng tng ng
t danh sch ko th trong Display which flowpath.
Specs (Individual) Tab

Trong tab ny hin th gim p c duy tr mi v v ng trong

mt bng tnh. Cc ct Pressure Flow K v Use Pressure Flow K
ch s dng trong m phng ng.
C th chn hin th shell hoc tube side bng cch chn t danh
sch ko th trong Display which flowpath.
Specs (Global) Tab
Trong giao din ny hin th gim p duy tr cho dng vo v v
ng. Cc ct Pressure Flow K v Use Pressure Flow K ch s
dng trong m phng ng.
C th chn hin th shell hoc tube side bng cch chn t danh
sch ko th trong Display which flowpath.
37

www.thuvien247.net
Plots Tab
Giao din ny hin th th biu din cc thng s cung cp trong
Tabular Results tab. C th v th cc bin cho shell and tube
side ca thit b trao i nhit:
Cumulative UA
Vapour Fraction
Heat Flow
Molar Flow
Length
Enthalpy
xem cc thng
s ca cc dng
sau khi tch thnh
cc pha ring bit,
m Worksheet Tab
ca Stream
Property View

3.3.4 Worksheet Tab

Hin th cc thng tin chung v c tnh ca cc dng lin kt vi
thit b trao i nhit. Bao gm bn trang Conditions, Properties,
v Composition, PF Specs. PF Specs c cc thng tin v c tnh
ca dng trong Dynamics Tab.

3.3.5 Performance Tab

Hin th kt qu tnh ton di dng th v bng tnh.
Details Page
Cc thng tin trong Details Page th hin trn hnh sau:
Hnh dng ca
trang ny hon
ton khc vi
Dynamic Rating

38

www.thuvien247.net
Overall Performance Group
Hin th cc thng s c hysys tnh ton:
Cc thng tin
chung

M t thng s

Duty

Nhit nng truyn t dng nng ti dng

lnh

Heat Loss

Tn hao nhit nng. Hiu sut truyn nhit

ton phn cng vi tn tht nhit bng hiu
sut dng nng xc nh trong Tables page.

UA

L tch ca h s truyn nhit ton phn v

tng ton b din tch b mt trao i nhit.
UA bng Hiu sut truyn nhit ton phn
chia cho LMTD.

Minimum
Approach

chnh lch nhit nh nht gia dng

nng v dng lnh.

Mean Temp
Driving Force

chnh gia nhit trung bnh gia

dng nng v dng lnh.

LMTD

LMTD cha hiu chnh nhn vi h s Ft.

Trong phng php Weighted Rating, LMTD
cha hiu chnh bng LMTD hiu dng.

Hot Pinch
Temperature

Nhit dng nng gn ng nh nht.

Cold Pinch
Temperature

Nhit dng lnh gn ng nh nht

Ft Factor

H s hiu chnh LMTD (log mean

temperature difference), Ft, c tnh theo
hm ca s v ng v nhit . Vi qu
trnh trao i nhit ngc dng Ft = 1. Vi
phng php Weighted Rating Ft = 1.

Uncorrected
LMTD

(Ch p dng cho phng php Endpoint

rating) - LMTD c tnh ton theo quan
im gn ng nhit (hiu s nhit
u cui) trong thiit b trao i nhit, s
dng biu thc di y.

39

www.thuvien247.net
Uncorrected LMTD c tnh bng biu thc sau:

Trong DT1 = Thot, out Tcold, in

DT2 = Thot, in Tcold, out
Plots Page
Bn c th bin i
cch biu din
ng cong thng
qua giao din Graph
Control view. Xem
thng tin chi tit
trong Chapter 6 Output Control
trong ti liu
Users Guide

C th v cc ng cong dng nng, dng lnh. S dng hp thoi

Plot xc nh phn no ca thit b trao i nhit s c th
hin.
Cc bin c th c v trn cc trc x hoc y: Temperature, UA,
Delta T, Enthalpy, Pressure v Heat Flow. La chn trong danh
sch ko th Plot Type.

Tables Page
Trong giao din ny c th xem Temperature, Pressure, Heat Flow,
Enthalpy, UA v Vapour Fraction ti mi phn ca thit b trao i
nhit bng cch chn phm Shell Side hoc Tube Side.
3.3.6. V d v thit b trao i nhit
V d n gin thit b trao i nhit nc - nc c a ra trong
mc ny. V d nng cao v chi tit hn c a ra trong cc ti
liu sau:
40

www.thuvien247.net
Xem thm Chapter
11 - Optimizer
trong ti liu hng
dn ny v Chapter
2 -Flowsheet
Architecture trong
Users Guide.

V d Trao i nhit a cp trong chng 11- Optimizer

SubFlowsheet Refrigeration Cycle Example (Chapter 2 Flowsheet Architecture in the Users Guide) ch dn s dng
subflowsheets trong m phng trao i nhit.
1. Trong v d ny dng vo xc nh nh sau (s dng phng
php ASME Steam property)
MATERIAL STREAM [Tube In]
Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]
Worksheet
[Composition]

gi tr

Gi tr nhp vo

Temperature

120.0000 F

Pressure

100.0000 psi

Molar Flow

5000.0000 lbmole/hr

H2O Mole Frac

1.0000

MATERIAL STREAM [Shell In]

Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]
Worksheet
[Composition]

gi tr

Gi tr nhp vo

Temperature

90.0000 F

Pressure

100.0000 psi

Molar Flow

4000.0000 lbmole/hr

H2O Mole Frac

1.0000

2. Lin kt cc dng vi thit b trao i nhit nh hnh di y.

41

www.thuvien247.net
3. Trn giao din Parameters page nhp gi tr Tube Side Delta P
v Shell Side Delta P l 5 psi
4. Ch rng ti im ny ch c mt bc t do. Cc thng s nhit
ngoi ng phi y thng tin tnh ton. Chn m hnh
Weighted t Heat Exchanger Model v chn nt Extremes trong
nhm Heat Loss/ Leak. S bc t do tng ln 3 do cc tham s
phi cung cp thm cho Heat Leak v Heat Loss.
5. Trn Specs page ca Design tab bn cn thm hai thng s vo
danh sch, bm phm Add v hon thnh nh giao din di y:

6. Nhp gi tr cc thng s v cung cp cc thng tin yu cu

Cc thng s

Gi tr nhp vo

UA [Btu/F-hr]

2.50E+06

Temperature of Tube Out [oF]

100

Heat Loss [Btu/hr]

1E+6

Kt qu tnh ton xem trong Conditions page ca Wordsheet tab

42

www.thuvien247.net
3.4 L gia nhit (Fired Heater)
Cng c ny ch c s dng trong m phng ng. Tham kho
Section 4.5 Fire Heater (Furnace) ca pti liu hng dn v
Dynamic Modelling bit thm chi tit v cng c ny

3.5 LNG

Biu tng

M hnh thit b trao i nhit LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) c th

tnh ton cn bng nhit v cn bng vt cht cho nhiu dng trao
i nhit v h thng trao i nhit. Phng php tnh ton c th
x l c mt s lng ln cc thng s v cc bin cha bit.
Vi thit b trao i nhit chung, bn c th thit lp cc tham s
c trng ca bin s bao gm nhit r r/nhit mt mt, UA hoc
nhit gn ng. C hai cch tnh ang c s dng. Trong
trng hp mt thng s cha bit, thng s ny s c tnh ton
chnh xc t phng trnh cn bng nhit. Trong trng hp nhiu
thng s cha bit, cch tnh lp gn ng c dng xc nh
cc thng s tha mn khng ch phng trnh cn bng nhit m
cn tha mn cc iu kin khc nh nhit hoc UA.
thit lp LNG, nhn F12 v chn LNG hoc la chn LNG
Exchanger trong Object Palette
LNG cho php c nhiu dng, trong khi HEAT EXCHANGER ch
cho php c mt dng nng v mt dng lnh.

3.5.1 Design Tab

C nm page trong Design Tab: Connections, Parameters, Specs,
User Variables v Notes.
Connections Page
Connections page trong Design tab nh trong hnh di.
Cho mi bn trao i nhit:
- Yu cu khai bo dng vo v dng ra
- Yu cu khai bo gim p ca dng
- Cc dng Hot/Cold c th c thit lp. Cc thng s ny s
c s dng nh gi tr c lng tnh ton v cng s
c dng xy dng PFD. Nu nh mt dng nng li
43

www.thuvien247.net
c b tr nh mt dng lnh trong thc t (hoc ngc li),
cng c vn s tnh ton mt cch chnh xc. Cch b tr cc
dng Hot/Cold (c xc nh bi LNG) c th tm thy
trong Side Result page.
- Lu trnh chnh c mc nh hin th trong lu trnh thp.
Tham kho v d trong Chng 2- Flowsheet Architecture
trong phn Users Guide bit cch c th s dng lu trnh
con trong Heat Exchanger hoc LNG.

Lu rng s dng vo v dng ra c hai pha ca b trao i

nhit LNG c th c b sung thm bng cch s dng phm Add
Side. xa bt dng khng cn thit, s dng phm Delete Side
sau khi t con tr vo dng tng ng cn xa.
Trng thi ca LNG c hin th di cng ca giao din thuc
tnh, bt chp ang hin th trang no. Mt thng bo s hin th
nh Under Specified, Not Converged hoc OK.
Parameter Page
Trn trang Parameter, bn s truy nhp ti Exchanger Parameter,
Heat Leak/Loss, Exchanger Detail v Solving Behavious

44

www.thuvien247.net

Exchanger Parameter Group

Exchanger
Parameter
Rating
Method

Shell Passes

Description
Vi kiu Weighted, biu nhit c chia thnh
cc khong nh, sau nhit trao i tnh ton
ring cho tng khong. LMTD v UA c tnh
ton cho mi khong trong biu nhit v c
cng li tnh ton i lng UA chung.
Bn c cng c trong HYSYS thc hin tnh
ton cho dng xui chiu Counter Current (L
tng vi Ft = 1) hoc cho thng s ca Shell
Passes. Bn c th thit lp s shell passes vi s
nguyn bt k t 1 ti 7.

Trong SSMod, bn c th la chn End Point hoc Weighted

Rating Method. Tuy nhin nu c nhiu hn hai dng qua b trao
i nhit LNG, th ch s dng Weighted Rating Method.
Heat Leak/Loss Group
Mc nh, None c la chn. Nhng c hai phm na c tch
hp trong heat loss/ heat leak:
Heat Loss
Extremes

Description
Nhit mt mt v nhit r r c c coi nh ch
xut hin ti im cui (dng vo v dng ra) v
c t vo dng cn bng nng v lnh.
Proportional Nhit mt mt v nhit r r c t trn mi khong.
45

www.thuvien247.net
Ch rng Heat Loss/Leak ch c th c thit lp khi Rating
Method l Weighted.
Exchanger Detail Group
LNG Exchanger Details c hin th nh trong hnh di y

Cho mi pha tham gia trao i nhit, cc c trng di y c th

c thit lp :
Parameter

Description

Intervals

S khong chia, ch p dng c vi

Weighted Rating Method, c th c khai
bo. Khi nhit thay i khng tuyn tnh,
cn thit chia thnh nhiu khong tnh ton.

Dew/Bubble Point

Check vo chn ny thm mt im vo

biu nhit c s chuyn pha. Hnh sau minh
ha nh hng ca s khong v s hi t ca
im sng v im bt trn th nhit
/dng nhit. Nhit biu din trn trc y,
dng nhit trn trc x

Equilibrate

Tt c cc dng cn c kim tra cn bng

nhit trc khi vo qu trnh tnh ton UA v
LMTD. Nu ch c mt dng nng hoc mt
dng lnh c kim tra, sau nhng dng
c xc nh trong cn bng nhit vi
chnh n th kt qu khng c tc dng. Nu
hai hoc nhiu dng nng hoc dng lnh c
kim tra, th hiu qu tnh ton s tng ln. Tt
c dng khng c kim tra c a vo
biu thnh phn ti nhit tng ng ca
chng

Step Type

C ba ty chn, c miu t di y:
- Equal Enthalpy tt c cc khong c thay
i enthalpy bng nhau.
- Equal Temperature tt c cc khong c
thay i nhit bng nhau
46

www.thuvien247.net
- Auto Interval HYSYS s xc nh u l
cc im nn thm vo biu nhit. N
c thit k hn ch ti thiu sai s, s
dng s khong t nht.
Pressure Profile

Pressure Profile c cp nht trong vng lp

ngoi, s dng mt trong cc phng php
di y
- Constant dPdH duy tr dPdH khng i
trong khi cp nht
- Constant dPdUA duy tr dPdUA khng
i trong khi cp nht
- Constant dPdA duy tr dPdA khng i
trong qu trnh cp nht. y khng phi l
cch p dng hin ti cho LNG Exchanger
trong SSMod, v din tch cha c d bo
- Inlet Pressure p sut c duy tr khng
i v bng p sut dng vo
- Out Pressure p sut c duy tr khng
i v bng p sut dng ra.

Mi khong, bao gm cc im sng v im bt

47

www.thuvien247.net

Ba khong, khng bao gm im sng v im bt

Specs Page
Trn trang Specs, bn s tm thy bn phn trong c cha cc
thng s khai bo v thng tin tnh ton.

48

www.thuvien247.net
Solver Group
Solver Group bao gm nhng tham s tnh ton dng cho LNG:
Solver Parameter

Specification Description

Tolerance

Bn c th t sai s tnh ton

Current Error

Khi sai s hin ti nh hn sai s tnh

ton, gii php s ch ti t hi t

Interations

Bc lp hin ti ca vng lp ngoi c

hin th. Trong vng lp ngoi, biu
nhit c cp nht v phn tnh ton cc
thng s c trng c thc hin. Nhng
tnh ton khng cht ch c thc hin
trong vng lp trong. Tt c mi iu kin
c tnh n vng lp trong.

Degree Of Freedom Group

gip t c kt qu mong mun, cc thng s cha bit (lu
lng dng, nhit ) c th c thit lp trong cc dng lin kt.
Mi thng s c khai bo s lm gim mt bc t do (Degrees of
Freedom). Gi tr ca Degrees of Freedom trong LNG c hin
th trong Solver Group.
S cc Constraints (iu kin rng buc - specs) phi bng s
Unknow Variables (cc bin cha bit). Khi , Degrees of
Freedomm s bng 0, v chng trnh bt u thc hin tnh ton.
Unknow Variables Group
HYSYS lit k tt c cc bin cha bit trong LNG ty theo khai
bo ban u. Khi thit b c tnh ton xong, gi tr ca cc
bin ny s c hin th.
Specification Group
Tham s Heat Balance c mc nh cho LNG, phi kch hot
phng trnh nhit t cn bng nhit.
Ch rng Heat Balance (thit lp ti 0 kJ/h) tr thnh mt iu
kin rng buc (constraint). l thng s Duty Error, nu bn
49

www.thuvien247.net
ngng hot ng ca n, phng trnh cn bng nhit s khng
c cn bng. Khng c thng s Heat Balance, bn c th, v d,
thit lp tt c bn dng trao i nhit mt cch y , v HYSYS
s tnh ton sai s cn bng nhit ri hin th trong ct Current
Value ca Specification group.
Bn c th View hoc Delete cc thng s c thit lp bng
cch dng phm tng ng c sp xp pha bn phi ca s. Mt
thng s s xut hin mt cch t ng mi ln mt thng s mi
c thit lp thng qua phm Add. Di y l ca s hin th in
hnh ca mt thng s c th thit lp thng qua phm View hoc
Add.

Mi mt thng s khi hin th trong ca s u c hai tab,

Parameter v Summary. V d, khi xc nh Delta Temp Spec
yu cu tn hai dng v khai bo gi tr cho thng s ny.
Summary tab c dng xc nh thng s ny l Active hay l
Estimate. Gi tr ca thng s Spec Value cng c hin th trn
trang ny.

Ch rng thng tin c cung cp trn trang Summary ca giao

din hin th cc thng s cng s xut hin trong Specifications.

50

www.thuvien247.net
Tt c c ba kiu thng s di y.
Specification

Action

Active

Mt thng s hot ng l thng s m thut

ton hi t c p dng ang thc hin tnh
ton. Ch rng mt thng s hot ng lun
c x l nh l mt c lng ban u(khi
kch hot vo Active, HYSYS t ng kch
hot vo Estimate). Mt thng s hot
ng lm gim i mt bc t do (Degree of
Freedom).

Estimate

Estimate c xem nh l mt thng s

khng hot ng bi v thut ton hi t
khng tnh ton nghim. mt thng s ch
l mt c lng (estimate), b kch hot ti
Active. Gi tr c cung cp sau ch
nh l mt c lng ban u cho thut ton
hi t. Mt tham s estimate khng lm thay
i bc t do (Degree of Freedom)

Completely Inactive b qua hon ton gi tr ca mt thng s

trong qu trnh tnh ton ca thut ton hi t,
b kch hot c Active v Estmate. Bng
cch b qua thng s , sau ny vn s s
dng c khi kch hot, hoc xem gi tr
hin thi ca thng s.

Danh sch thng s c lit k bn bit cch kt hp khc nhau

ba kiu thng s k trn. V d, gi s bn c mt s cc thng s
v bn mun xc nh xem thng s no nn cho hot ng, thng
s no nn c lng v thng s no nn b qua, bng cch iu
khin cc check box ca cc thng s, bn c th th nhng cch
kt hp khc nhau ca ba loi thng s trn v thy c nh hng
trn kt qu thu c.

51

www.thuvien247.net
Cc thng s c s dng bao gm:
Specification Description
Temperature

Nhit ca dng bt k kt ni vi LNG. Nhit

cn bng ca dng vo nng hay lnh c th
c xc nh.

Delta Temp

S chnh lch nhit u vo v u ra gia hai

dng kt ni vi LNG. Nhit cn bng ca
dng vo nng hay lnh c th c s dng.

Minimum
Approach

S chnh lch nhit nh nht gia dng thit

lp v biu ca dng i din. V d, nu bn
chn mt dng lnh qua, s chnh lch nhit
nh nht gia dng lnh v biu dng nng.

UA

Gi tr UA ton phn (tch s ca h s truyn

nhit ton phn v din tch truyn nhit)

LMTD (Log
Mean
Temperature
Difference )

Chnh nhit logarit nhit thc, c tnh ton

trong iu kin nhit gii hn (chnh nhit
u cui) trong thit b trao i nhit. Xem thm
Equation (3.12) trong mc 3.5.4-Perfomance Tab

Duty

Nhit nng ton phn, sai s nhit nng, nhit r r

hay nhit mt mt. Sai s nhit nng thng c
thit lp bng 0 sao cho cn bng nhit c tha
mn. Nhit r r v nhit mt mt ch c tc dng
nh mt thng s nu Heat Loss/Leak c t
cho Extremes hoc Proportional trn trang
Parameter

Duty Ratio

T s nhit nng c th c thit lp gia hai

trong nhng loi nng sut sau y: nng sut
chung, lch nng sut, nhit r r, nhit mt mt
hoc bt k nng sut chuyn tip no

Flow

Lu lng ca dng (mol, khi lng hoc th

tch lng )

Flow Ratio

T s ca lu lng hai dng vo bt k

User Variable Page

Trang User Variables Page cho php bn thm code v ty chnh
case ca bn bng cch thm cc bin mi User Variables. bit
thm nhng thng tin v cch s dng cng c ny, tham kho
chng User Variables trong ti liuCustomization Guide.
Notes Page
52

www.thuvien247.net
Trang Notes cung cp cho bn cng c son tho vn bn, c th
ghi ch bt k thng tin no hoc nhng ch thch v cng c LNG
hoc nhng thng tin c lin quan ti qu trnh m phng bn ang
thc hin ni chung.

3.5.2 Rating Tab

Khi ch lm vic trong SSMod, bn cn thay i bt c thng tin
no trn cc trang ca tab ny. bit thm chi tit chy cng c
LNG trong DynMod, tham kho Dynamic Modeling.

3.5.3 Worksheet Tab

Worksheet Tab cha bng tng kt nhng thng tin c trong giao
din thuc tnh ca tt c nhng dng trong LNG. Trang
Conditions, Properties, Composition cha thng tin c la
chn t nhng trang tng ng ca Worksheet Tab cho giao din
thuc tnh hin th. Trang PF Specs cha tm tt nhng thng tin
hin th trong Dynamic tab ca giao din thuc tnh dng.

3.5.4 Performance Tab

Trong giao din ny hin th chi tit kt qu tnh ton ca thit b
trao i LNG. Ch c ba trang u, SS Result, Plots v Table lin
quan vi SSMod.
SS Result Page

53

www.thuvien247.net
Overall Performance Group
Prameter
Duty

Heat Leak
Heat Loss
UA

LMTD

Description
y chnh l dng nhit t dng nng ti dng lnh
tr i nhit mt mt. V ngc li, n l dng nhit
t dng lnh ti dng nng tr i nhit r r
L s mt mt ca nng sut nhit dng lnh
L s mt mt ca nng sut nhit dng nng
c tnh t h s trao i nhit v tng din tch
trao i nhit thc t. Nng sut nhit t l vi s
chnh lch nhit chung, trong UA chnh l h
s t l. Bi vy, UA bng nng sut nhin chung
chia cho LMTD ( chnh nhit )
c tnh trong iu kin nhit ti hn ( chnh
nhit u cui) trong thit b trao i nhit, s
dng Equation (3.12)
TLM =

Trong :

T1 T2
ln(T1 / T2 )

T1 = Thot out Tcold in

T2 = Thot in Tcold out

Detail Performance Group

Parameter
Estimate UA
Curvature Error

Hot Pinch
Temperature
Cold Pinch
Temperature
Cold Inlet
Equilibrium
Temperature
Hot Inlet
Equilibrium
Temperature

Description
LMTD thng c tnh bng cch s dng
nhit dung khng i. LMTD cng c th
c tnh bng cch s dng nhit dung tuyn
tnh. Trong trng hp khc, chnh lch UA s
c c lng trc. UA Curvature Error s
ch ra s chnh lch gia cc gi tr UA.
Nhit dng nng ti im nh nht trong
biu
Nhit dng lnh ti gii hn nh nht trong
khong gia biu
Nhit cn bng cho dng lnh. Khi cc
dng khng cn bng (xem trang Parameters),
nhit cn bng l nhit thp nht ca tt c
cc dng lnh vo.
Nhit cn bng cho dng nng. Khi cc
dng cha cn bng (xem trang Parameters),
nhit cn bng chnh l nhit cao nht
trong tt c dng nng vo.
54

www.thuvien247.net
Side Result Group
Side Result Group a ra thng tin cho mi ng dn. mi pha
trao i nhit, nhit dng vo/ra, lu lng mol, Duty, UA v s
b tr dng nng lnh c hin th.
Plots Page
Bn c th v biu hn hp hoc biu ca tng ng cong
ring bit cho LNG. S dng cc chn (check box) Plot thit
lp biu mun hin th.

Nhng gi tr di y c biu din trn trc x hoc y:

Temperature, UA, Delta T, Enthalpy, Pressure v Heat Flow, la
chn t danh sch tri xung. ch xem th, bm phm View
Plot.
Tables Page
Trn trang Table, bn c th kim tra gi tr u cui ca
Temperature, Pressure, Heat Flow, Enthalpy, UA, Vapour Fraction
v Delta T cho mi pha ca thit b trao i nhit LNG. La chon
theo side, Cold Composite hay Hot Composite, bng cch nh
du la chn t danh mc tri xung pha trn bng.
55

www.thuvien247.net
Dynamic and Layers Pages
Trang Dynamic and Layers ca Performance tab hin th cc kt
qu tnh ton t DynMod. bit thm thng tin trn cc trang ny,
tham kho phn hng dn v Dynamic Modelling.

3.5.5 Dynamics Tab

Khi ch lm vic trong SSMod, bn khng cn thay i bt c thng
tin no trn cc trang ca tab ny. bit thm chi tit cho vic
chy cng c LNG trong DynMod, tham kho Dynamic Modeling.

3.5.6 HTFS-MUSE Tab

HTFS-MUSE tab tnh hp ng dng HTFSMUSE trong thit b
LNG ca HYSYS.
MUSE c th s dng mt di tnh ton trn mt thit b trao i
nhit dng tm-bn, khng n gin nh trao i nhit hai dng,
hoc phc tp nhiu dng. Cc cng c tnh ton c bn l :
MUSE Calculation Modes
Simulation

Xc nh ti nhit, s thay i p sut v cc iu kin u ra

cho mi dng trong thit b, da trn cch thc trao i m
bn thit lp v cung cp cc iu kin ca dng vo.

Layer by layer
Simulation

Nh cch m phng thng thng, nhng trn tng lp hn

trn tng dng. Cng c ny cho bn tip cn cc lp xp
chng ln nhau ca cc dng c sp xp

Thermosyphon

Xc nh cc c trng ca thit b trao i nhit vi cu hnh

c thit lp, vi mt dng c hot ng nh mt
xiphong nhit. Thit b trao i nhit c th nm trong thp
hoc ngoi thp v c kt ni qua mt ng ng. Bn c
th hoc l thit lp p sut dng lng iu chnh dng
xiphong nhit, hoc lu lng dng xiphong nhit, cn li
chng trnh s tnh ton nhng thng s cha c khai bo.

Design

S sinh ra mt tr ngi khi thit k mt thit b trao i nhit

p ng c nng sut ti nhit v hn ch s gim p, trong
khi cc thng s ca mi dng c khai bo. iu ny,
li ch dn ca chuyn gia hng sn xut cung cp s l hu
ch. Tuy nhin, bn thit k cui cng ca thit b trao i
nhit dng tm bn phi nhn c t mt hng sn xut, ni
c th s dng cc thit b, bn thit k, cng ngh sn xut
ca ring h.

56

www.thuvien247.net
Tt c cc kiu tnh ton ny cho trao i nhit ngc v xui dng.
Trong tab ny c chn trang :
- Exchanger page
- Process page
- Distributors page
- Layer Pattern page
- Fins page
- Design Limits page
- Stream Details page
- Methods page
- Results page
V c ba giao din tnh ton
- Import button cho php bn nhp gi tr t MUSE ti cc
pages ca tab.
- Export button cho php bn xut thng tin c cung cp
trong tab ny ti MUSE.
- Enable Muse check box khi check-box c kch hot, bn
c th s dng cc tin ch trn tab ny.
Exchanger Page
Trang ny cho php bn nhp cc c trng hnh hc ca thit b
trao i LNG cng nh cc tham s ca cc dng trao i nhit.

57

www.thuvien247.net
Bng u trang dng thit lp thng s hnh dng ca dng,
gm nhng thng s sau:
Field

Description

Flow Drection

C la chn t vic xc nh hng ca dng:

- Dng i ln (B ti A )
- Dng t A, xung (A ti B )
- Khng c dng
Thng thng dng nng s l dng i t u
A (ti nh ca thit b), trong khi dng lnh s
l dng hng v A

Number of
Layers

Cho php bn nhp vo tng s lp mt dng

trong thit b. Nu nh c nhiu hn mt thit
b, ch nhp s lp cho mt thit b.
Phn ny c th c b qua nu mt lp l
u vo. Nu bn cung cp c hai, tuy nhin,
chng s c kim tra cho, iu ny c th
lm d dng trong vic tm ra li trong lp
dng vo. Khi chng khng ph hp, mt cnh
bo s c a ra.
Nu mt dng c phn b li v c trong
nhiu lp vi mt phn chiu di ca n, ch
nhp s lp c bn, v thit lp thm lp trn
trang Distributors

Distance to Start
of Main Fin

Cho php bn nhp vo mt khong cch ti

im bt u tm dn chnh ca dng t mt
im c nh.
Nu b qua, mc nh l Zero
Nu khong cch ny nh hn khong cch ti
im bt u ca chiu di hiu dng, th c
mt gii hn ca tm dn chnh ni p sut
gim, nhng khng c trao i nhit, khong
cch c c lng. Nu khong cch ln
hn nhiu khong cch ti im bt u ca
chiu di hiu dng, th dng ny s c mt
im dn vo (draw-on) hoc x (draw-off)
trn thit b.

Main Fin Length Cho php bn nhp vo chiu di ca tm dn

chnh cho dng. Nu dng s dng nhiu hn
mt kiu tm dn chnh, nhp chiu di ca
tm th nht, tnh t dng vo.
58

www.thuvien247.net
Phn cn li ca trang ny dng thit lp thng s hnh dng ca
thit b trao i, gm nhng thng s sau :
Field

description

Orientation

Trao i nhit Tm Bn thng c dng

thng ng, vi dng ln v xung. Nhp
1.0 cho trao i nhit dng thng ng vi
im chun quy c u A ti nh. Vi trao
i nhit tm bn nm ngang hoc nghing,
xem phn tr gip cho MUSE.

Exchanger in
Parallel

S dng nhiu thit b trao i nhit Tm Bn

mc song song vi nhau khi lu lng dng
hoc nhit nng trao i qu ln, nu ch s
dng mt thit b s khng . Trong tt c
cc trng hp, cc thit b trao i nhit
c gi thit l nh nhau v khng tnh ton
tn tht p sut trong ng ng ni.

Effective Width

rng dng hu ch l tng rng ca

thit b trao i nh hn rng ca hai pha.

Exchanger Metal

Trao i nhit Tm Bn LNG v cc thit b

lm lnh su khc c lm t nhm. Vi
nhng thit b trao i nhit khc, bn c th
la chn vt liu:
- Nhm
- Thp khng g
- Titan

Parting Sheet
Thickness

B dy ca tm ring bit (cc tm chn)

gia cc lp c s dng xc nh chiu
cao ng trao i nhit v cng c nh hng
ti truyn nhit ca kim loi trong b
trao i nhit.

Side Bar Width

Hnh dng ca Side Bar ti cc pha v u

ca mi lp. Thng khng nh hng ti
kt qu tnh ton, tr tnh ton s dn nhit.

Cap Sheet
Thickness

Chiu cao ng truyn nhit bng tng chiu

cao tm truyn nhit v b dy ca tm ngn
ca cc lp trong thit b, cng vi dy
ca hai tm trao i nhit hai bn.

Fin Number for

Empty Laver

Nu bn thit lp mt Layer Patern vi mt

vi lp khng cha dng, nhp s tm xc
59

www.thuvien247.net
nh s dng cho lp trng ny.
Process Page

Trang Process cho php bn thit lp nhng thng tin di y ca

qu trnh cho cc dng trong thit b:
- Nhit u ra
- Tn tht p sut
- Nhit tr ca lp cn to thnh
- Ti nhit
- V p sut thit k
Distributors Page
Distributors l khu vc c bit ca b phn trao i nhit, thng
c cc gc nh hng dng gia mt u (u vo hoc u ra) v
phn trao i nhit chnh. Tm c l vi bc l ln c s
dng, v d 6 fpi, 25% c c l. S liu phn phi l ty chn
khng bt buc cho mi dng. Nu b qua b phn phn phi, tn
tht p sut cho dng c b qua.
Trao i nhit ti u ra v u vo b phn phi l khng cn thit,
nhng nu tt c cc dng u thit lp thng s phn phi, nhit
trao i vi b phn phi c c lng mt gi tr no .

60

www.thuvien247.net
Khi tnh ton gim p trn b phn phi, cn c gi tr c lng
cho mi lp.
Khi s dng b phn phi li, bn nn thit lp li cc thng s, v
u vo tng ng. S phn phi li kt hp vi x mt phn dng
cng c th c thit lp. Mi kiu phn phi bao gm thit lp
u vo nh trong giao din di y:

Inlet/Outlet Distributor Type

Field
Type

Header
Location

Dimension a
(axial lenght )

Description
thit lp kiu phn phi li, v cc pha trao
i nhit ca thit b LNG. Bn c by ty chn:
- Full End
- End-Side
- Central
- Diagonal
- Indirect
- Hardway
thit lp pha trao i nhit c phn u c
nh. Bn c bn ty chn
- Right Side
- Left side
- Central
- Twin
Nhp kch thc a cho u vo/ u ra b phn
phi. Kch thc a l chiu di dc theo thit b
trao i nhit b chim bi b phn phi
61

www.thuvien247.net
Field
Dimension b

Description
Nhp kch thc b cho u vo/u ra b phn
phi. y l ng knh u ca cc b phn
phi End Side, Central, Indirect v Hardway, v
chiu di Pad 1 cho b phn phi Mitred. Khng
cn thit cho Full End ca b phn phi Diagonal
Fin Number
Nhp s lng cc tm c dng trong u vo
for Pad 1 and 2 v u ra cc (Pad) ca b phn phi. B phn
phi in hnh c s dng l tm c l 6fpi
255. Cc tm ging nhau thng c dng
trong c hai Pad, nhng thng ch c Pad 1 cn
c thit lp. Pad 1 bn cnh u vo.
Nozzle
Nhp ng knh trong ca u ni vo/u ni
Diameter
ra. Nu b qua, tn tht p sut u ni vo/u
ni ra s khng c tnh ton.
Redistributor Type
Field
Type

Header
Location

Distance to
Redistributor
Fin Number
for Pad 1, 2
and 3

Dimension a
(axial length )
Dimension b

Description
thit lp kiu phn phi li, v cc pha trao
i nhit ca thit b LNG. Bn c 4 ty chn:
- Standard
- Twin
- Hardway
- Hardway Twiny
thit lp pha trao i nhit c phn u c
nh. Bn c ba ty chn
- Right Side
- Left side
- Twin
Thit lp khong cch ti b phn phi li t
u vo
Nhp s lng cc tm c dng trong ca b
phn phi li. Cc tm ging nhau thng c
dng trong tt c cc Pad, nhng thng ch c
Pad 1 cn c thit lp. Trong b dn dng
phn phi li, dng vo cc qua lp Pad 1 sau
l Pad 2, trong khi Pad 3 mang dng ti mt
lp khc
Nhp kch thc a, chiu di dc theo thit b
trao i nhit b chim bi b phn phi li.
Nhp vo kch thc b cho b phn phi li.
Trong b phn phi thng thng, y l
rng ca vo ca dng cn li trong cng mt
lp.
62

www.thuvien247.net
Re-Inlet Distributor Type
Field

Description

Type

Thit lp u vo li cho b phn phi. C th c

mt s dng side vo/ra cho b phn phi. Bn c
nm ty chn :
- None
- Diagonal
- Mitred
- Indirect
- Hardway
Nhp s nhn bit tm dng cho u vo li
ca Pad trong b phn phi. C hai Pad thng
c dng cc loi tm ging nhau, thng ch
c Pad 1 cn c thip lp. Pad 1 bn cnh u
chnh.

Fin Number
for Pad1 v 2

Dimension a
(axial length )

Nhp vo kch thc a, chiu di dc theo thit b

trao i nhit b chim bi u vo li ca b
phn phi

Dimension b

Nhp vo kch thc b cho u vo li ca b

phn phi

Extra
Layer/Draw
Off Fraction

Vi u vo li ca b phn phi dng hng ti

cc lp b sung, nhp s lp b sung.
Vi u vo li ca b phn phi gp dng t cc
lp b sung, hng quay li cc lp c bn, nhp
s lp b sung vi du tr (-)
Nu khng c cc lp b sung, nhng dng c
ly ra tng phn, nhp phn ca dng b ly ra.

Layer Pattern Page

Trang ny cho php bn xc nh s th t ca dng c trong b
trao i nhit LNG. Chnh Layer Pattern cng a ra s th t
ca lp, trong khi bng Layer Definition gip bn xc nh s th
t ca dng trong mi lp. Layer Pattern l u vo bt buc cho
m phng Layer-by-Layer, nhng khng bt buc cho Stream-byStream. Nu khng cung cp biu dng, s lp cho mi dng
phi c nhp vo.

63

www.thuvien247.net

Layer Pattern
Nhp vo s th t ca lp cng s hnh thnh c Layer Pattern
(stacking pattern). Pattern c th c nhn bit nh nhn bit s
th t ca layer, c th nhn bit bng mt dy k t, nh l
ABABABCAB. Mc d trong nhng trng hp n gin, v d
khi ch c mt dng trn mt lp, Layer Pattern c th c nh
du s th t ca cc dng, v d nh 121213412.
Nhng dy lp li c th c vit trong du ngoc, v d
(121213/5)1312 c ngha l dy 121213 lp li 5 ln, sau l
1312. Cc khong trng trong Pattern c b qua, v cc du
ngoc c th khng c t trong du ngoc. Mt dy ca s dng
c th cha zero bo rng lp hon ton trng.
Layer Pattern c th kt thc bng M hoc MM ch th rng
Pattern c i xng trung tm. MM ch th rng lp trung tm
c lp li, M bo phn i xng c th l tm ca lp cui cng.
Khi Pattern c xc nh bng chui cc k t, s dng cc k
hiu | hoc ||, khng phi nh M, ch th i xng gng.
Layer Definition
Vi mi lp (theo vn alphabet) c nhn bit trong Pattern s
thit lp dng hoc s th t ca dng dc theo thit b trao i
nhit t im A, bn trong mi kiu lp. iu ny ch cn thit khi

64

www.thuvien247.net
Pattern c xc nh theo cc kiu lp (A,B,C,), hn l theo
kiu dng 1,2,4,.
Layer Definition ch s dng c trong MUSE 3.20 hoc phin
bn cao hn.
Fins page

Trang Fins cho php bn thit lp cc thng s v hnh dng tm.

Khi mt tm c thit lp, loi tm tng ng ly cc thng s t
hng sn xut (h s ma st v h s Colburn trong mt khong cc
ch s Reynolds) s c s dng khi c th. Nu khng c,
chng s c s dng HTFS c lng v i chiu vi cc
loi tm ring. S lng tm c s dng nhn bit loi tm
ring c s dng nh tm chnh hoc tm phn phi cho mi
dng. S lng tm ln ti 20 tm c nhn bit d liu c
p dng cho u vo ca chng trnh.
Phn thit lp tm bao gm hai phm v mt bng. Hai phm cho
php bn thm hoc b i cc tm trong thit b trao i nhit, cn
bng cho php bn thit lp cc thng s hnh dng cho mi tm.
Bng c cc vng sau:
65

www.thuvien247.net
Field
Fin Type

Prandtl No.
Correlation to Cj

Fin Height

Fin thickness
Fin Frequency

Fin Porosity
Fin Serration Length

Description
C bn kiu tm chnh
- Plain
- Perforated
- Serrated, hoc Offset-strip
- Wavy hoc herringbone
bit chi tit v mi loi tm tham kho
phn MUSE Help
Thng s ny quan trng cho dng cht
lng c nht cao trong loi tm kiu
nhn (Plain) hoc c l (Perforated).
H s Colburn j gi thit rng Cj ch l
hm ca Re, nhng n khng ng vi ch
s Reynolds thp (di 1000), ti cng
ph thuc ch s Prandtl.
Nu bn p dng s liu Re-f-Cj ti mt
Pr tng ng vi dng ang s dng, b
qua phn ny.Nu bn thit lp Pr=1, thit
lp 1 cho hiu chnh hon ton, hoc mt
gi tr gia 0 v 1 cho hiu chnh mt
phn. Tham kho phn MUSE Help
bit thm chi tit.
Chiu cao tm l khong cch gia cc
bn phn tch. iu ny c p dng cho
tt c cc loi tm.
Tt c cc loi tm (tm chnh v tm
phn phi) i vi dng phi c cng
chiu cao. Mt cnh bo s c a ra
nu khng ng nh vy.
Nhp b dy ca tm
Nhp s tm trn mt n v chiu di ca
thit b. C th l bng 0 nu khng c tm.
Thng l 16, 18 hoc 21 ft/in cho cc
tm chnh v 6 hoc 8 ft/in cho cc tm
phn phi.
Vi tm c l, nhp rng nh l mt
phn ca kim loi b mt do cc l
Vi tm c rng ca, nhp chiu di rng
ca tm. Mc nh l 3mm (xp x 1/8
inch) y l gi tr c dng bi hu ht
cc nh sn xut.
Ch cn nhp chiu di rng ca tm c
rng ca.
66

www.thuvien247.net
Nh nhn mnh trn rng cc s liu ca tm tng ng ly t
nh sn xut tm, nu c th, s c nhp vo phn Fin
Performance group. thit lp cc thng s, la chn s tm t
danh sch cc tm v nhp d liu trong phn tng ng. Phm Plot
Performance hin th biu cc thng s cho tt c cc loi tm.
Design Limits Page
Trang ny cho php bn thit lp cc thng s gii hn di y
cho thit b trao i nhit
-

Maximum Length
Maximum Width
Maximum Depth (Stack Height)
Target Cross Section Ratio

67

www.thuvien247.net
Strem Detail Page

Trang Stream Details cho php bn thit lp nhiu hn cc thng

s hnh dng ca dng, cc thng s ny s c b sung trn trang
Exchanger.
Bng di y gm cc phn ca trang ny:
Field
Same Layer as
Stream

Fraction of Double
Banking
Number of Cross
Flow Passes

Description
Thng s ny l mt trong nhng cch
thit lp hai dng cng gi nhng c trng
ca lp trong mt thit b trao i nhit.
Khng cn bn phi thit lp mt Layer
Patern trong mt nhm cc Patern c
nhn bit A,B,C etc.., vi thng tin trong
Layer Definition.
Nu nh bn thit lp mt Layer Patern
trong mt s dng, sau mt dng trong
mi lp c dng nhn bit lp. Vi cc
dng khc trong lp , a ra s ca dng
trong Layer Patern nhn bit lp.
Phn ny khng cn nu bn thit lp mt
Layer Patern v s c c lng. Tham
kho phn MUSE Help bit thm chi tit
Vi dng trong b trao i nhit nhiu dng
ct nhau, nhp s lng cc dng ct nhau.

68

www.thuvien247.net
Field
Fin Number of
(first) Main Fin

Length of (first)
Main Fin
Fin Number for
Second to Sixth Fin
Types
Length of Fins for
Second to Sixth Fin
Types

Description
Nhp s cho dng phn bit tm trao i
nhit chnh. S ny phi tng ng vi d
liu trong trang Fins, hoc trong User
Databank.
Nu mt dng s dng nhiu hn mt kiu
tm chnh, phn ny l dnh cho tm u
tin, c tnh t dng vo.
Nhp chiu di ca tm chnh cho dng
Vi dng s dng nhiu kiu tm chnh,
nhp s tm. S th t tnh t dng vo ti
dng ra
Nhp chiu di mi tm chnh cho dng.

Methods Page
Trong ny bao gm ba phn: Calculation Options, Calculation
Parameters v Process Constraints.

Calculation Options
Phn ny c dng thit lp d liu c hin th trn trang
Result. Thng thng ch c Output Units cn c thay i, cn
mc nh s dng c cho tt c cc chi tit khc.
69

www.thuvien247.net
Phn ny c nhng mc sau:
Field
Units of Output

Output of Input
Data
Physical
Properties
Package
Convergence
Parameter
Stream by Stream
or Layer by Layer

Longitudinal
Conduction

Number of
Calculation Steps
Distributor
Calculations
1st Est.Heat Load
(fraction of max )

Maximum
Number of
Iteration
Calculation Type

Description
Thit lp s thay i n v bn thch dng cho d liu u
ra. C nm ty chn:
- SI/deg C
- British
- Metric /C
- SI/deg K
- Metric /K
Thit lp u ra ca d liu u vo xut hin trong phn
chnh ca trang Result. Tham kho thm trong phn
MUSE Help bit thm thng tin
Cho php bn gi nhng thng s vt l ca thit b trao i
nhit ti trang Result hoc ti mt file thit lp.
Ch dng nu MUSE c vn v hi t. Tham kho thm
MUSE Help bit thm thng tin
Thng thng phn ny khng cn sa. Ch dng n vi
qu trnh tnh ton Layer by Layer (MULE) khi bt buc
phi gim bt qu trnh tnh ton Stream by Stream. Tham
kho thm phn MUSE Help bit thm thng tin.
Bn c th thit lp trong phn b sung cho trao i nhit
gia cc dng, sai s c th c to ra khi dn nhit trong
thit b bng kim loi t u nng ti lnh ca b trao i
nhit. Phn ny rt quan trng cho thit b d dng
hydrogen lng hoc helium. Tham kho MUSE Help
bit thm chi tit.
Phn tnh ton trong MUSE s dng mt s cc bc c
chiu di bng nhau dc theo thit b. Mc nh l 100,
maximum l 200. Tham kho MUSE bit thm chi tit.
Cho php kim tra khi tnh ton p sut ca b phn phi
b gim. Mc nh swj mt mt c tnh ton nu
s dng s liu b phn phi. Tham kho MUSE bit
thm chi tit.
Ch s dng phn ny nu c vn khi tnh ton khng
hi t. Bn c th thay i gi tr nhit nng ca thit b
c c lng ban u. Tham kho MUSE Help bit
thm thng tin
Nhp gi tr nu bn mun khng ch bc lp. Tham
kho thm MUSE Help bit thm chi tit
Phn ny khng nn thay i. N a ra mt cch tip cn
vi cng c tnh ton c gim bt vng lp, Chiu di
c lng, nh l mt phng php khc trong m phng
thng thng. Tham kho thm MUSE Help bit thm
thng tin.

70

www.thuvien247.net
Calculation Parameter
Phn ny cho php bn thit lp cc thng s ca qu trnh trao i
nhit, bao gm nhng phn sau y :
Field
Heat Leak

Heat Leak Skewness

Effective Length,
Distance to Effective
Length

A Stream B Stream
Load

Description
N c th thit lp c mt mng li
nhit r r trong thit b, v ngoi thit b,
nu c gi tr m.
p dng cho nhit r r phn b khng u
dc theo chiu di thit b. Tham kho
MUSE Help bit thm thng tin.
C hai mc thng c b qua, v cho
chng trnh t tnh ton. Chiu di hu
ch l vng trong thit b gi thit l xy ra
trao i nhit. N c xc nh t d liu
v hnh dng ca thit b trao i nhit,
nhng bn c th hy b nu mun. Tham
kho MUSE Help bit thm chi tit
y l tr khng u vo. C th thit lp
ti nhit qua thit b t u A ti u B

Process Constraints
Cho php bn thit lp vic thay i ca dng lin quan vi gi tr
vt qu gi tr thng thng nhn c chng trnh tnh ton.
Khng nn s dng tr khi nu nh bn c l do ph hp lm
iu .
Field
Liquid Phase HTC

Two Phase HTC

Vapour Phase
HTC

Multiplier for
Liquid Coefficient

Description
Bn c th nhp gi tr cho h s trao i
nhit dng lng y thay th gi tr
c tnh ton. Ni chung nn s dng kt
qu tnh ton ca chng trnh.
Bn c th nhp mt gi tr ca h s trao i
nhit dng hai pha (ang si hoc ngng t)
ti y thay th gi tr tnh ton. Nn s
dng kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh.
Bn c th nhp mt gi tr ca h s trao i
nhit pha hi y thay th gi tr tnh
ton. Nn s dng kt qu tnh ton ca
chng trnh.
Mt gi tr c nhp ti y c th c s
dng tng hoc gim h s trao i nhit
pha lng c tnh ton. Nn s dng kt
qu tnh ton ca chng trnh.
71

www.thuvien247.net
Field
Description
Multiplier for Two Mt gi tr c nhp ti y c th c s
Phase Coefficient dng lm tng hoc gim h s trao i
nhit pha hi hoc kh c tnh ton. Nn
s dng kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh.
Multiplier for
Mt gi tr c nhp ti y c th c s
Vapour
dng tng hoc gim h s trao i nhit
Coefficient
pha hoi hoc kh c tnh ton. Cng c
th chia t l ca h s nhp trc y. Nn
s dng kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh.
Pressure Drop
Nhp gi tr tnh ton s thay i p sut do
Multiplier
ma st (lng, hai pha hay hi). N khng th
chia t l tn tht p sut cho mi pha. Nn
s dng kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh.
Precalculated
Phn ny bn thay th cc gi tr tnh ton
Arrays Flag
bn trong, nhng tt nht l khng nn thay
i. Tham kho MUSE Help thm thng
tin.
Preset delta T for
Cung cp cho bn mt phng n khc ca
Boiling
phng php boiling, nhng tt nht l khng
nn thay i. Xem thm MUSE Help thm
thng tin.
Result Page
Kt qu tnh ton thit b c hin th trn trang ny. Kt qu c
thit lp di dng vn bn v c th truy xut ti HTFS-MUSE

3.5.7 LNG Example

Xt thit b trao i nhit LNG di y

Vn l cn xc nh lu lng ca dng dung mi lm lnh

Ethane (Cold C2) cn thit cho vic trao i nhit v t ti nhit
cn thit c thit lp trong thit b. Thit lp case vi Fluid
Package di y:
72

www.thuvien247.net
Property Package

Components

Peng Robinson

C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5

Thit lp thng tin cho cc dng vo:

Material Stream (Plant Feed )

Worksheet
(Conditions )

Worksheet
(Composition)

Temperature

20.0000oC

Pressure

500.0000 kPa

Molar Flow

1000.0000 kgmole/hr

Methane Mole Frac

0.5386

Ethane Mole Frac

0.1538

Propane Mole Frac

0.0769

i-Butane Mole Frac

0.0692

n-Butane Mole Frac

0.0615

i-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0538

n-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0462

Material Stream (Warm C1)

Worksheet
(conditions)

Worksheet
(composition)

Temperature

30.0000oC

Pressure

5000.0000 kPa

Molar Flow

50.0000 kgmole/hr

Methane Mole Frac

0.9500

Ethane Mole Frac

0.0500

Propane Mole Frac

i-Butane Mole Frac

n-Butane Mole Frac

i-Pentane Mole Frac

n-Pentane Mole Frac

73

www.thuvien247.net
Material Stream (Cold 1)
Worksheet
Vapour Frac
(Conditions)
Pressure
Molar Flow
Worksheet
Methane Mole Frac
(Composition )
Ethane Mole Frac
Propane Mole Frac
i-Butane Mole Frac
n-Butane Mole Frac
i-Pentane Mole Frac
n-Pentane Mole Frac

1.000
2000.0000 kPa
75.0000 kgmole/hr
0.95
0.05
0
0
0
0
0

Material Stream (Cold C2 )

Worksheet
Vapour
(Conditions )
Pressure
Worksheet
Methane Mole Frac
(Composition)
Ethane Mole Frac
Propane Mole Frac
i-Butane Mole Frac
n-Butane Mole Frac
i-Pentane Mole Frac
n-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0000
250.0000 kPa
0.02
0.98
0
0
0
0
0

Connection Page
Thit lp thit b trao i nhit LNG nh di y

Thm hai
dng na
bng cch s
dng phm

74

www.thuvien247.net
Parameter Page
Chn phm Extremes trong phn Heat Loss/Leak. Ch rng iu
s lm tng s bin khng bit ln hai, v nh vy bc t do
(Degree of Freedom) cng s tng ln hai.
Trong phn Exchanger Detail, hiu chnh li s khong tnh ton
cho mi bn dng qua l 20.
Specification Page
chng trnh c th tnh ton, s bin c lp cha bit phi
bng s cc iu kin rng buc (Degree of Freedom = 0). LNG ch
n cc iu kin rng buc ca cc thng s nh l: UA,
Minimum Temperature Approach, hay chnh nhit gia hai
dng.
Trong vn ny, hai kiu thng s c yu cu. u tin, thm
cc thng s Delta Temp di y

Name

Cold Feed
Cold 1

Warm C1
Cold 1 Out

Warm C1
Cold C1

Type

Delta Temp

Delta Temp

Delta Temp

Stream (+)

Cold Feed

Warm C1

Warm C1

Stream (-)

Cold 1

Cold 1 Out

Cool C1

2.00

5.00

Spec Value (C) 15.00

Sau thm hai thng s Duty Ratio

Name

Heat Leak Fraction

Heat Loss Fraction

type

Duty Ratio

Duty Ratio

Pass

Heat Leak

Heat Loss

Pass (/)

Overall

Overall

Spec Value

0.00

0.00

75

www.thuvien247.net
Trn trang worksheet, thit lp Vapour Fraction ca Cold C2 Out
l 1
Ti im ny, Degree of Freedom s chuyn thnh 0 v LNG s bt
u tnh ton. Dng thng bo ti cui trang c tnh ca LNG s
hin th Temperature Cross. Chuyn ti trang Plots xem th
biu din nhit ct nhau ti ch dng nng vo.

Mt cch gn ng khc c th c s dng xa b s chnh

lch nhit gia Cold 1 Out v Warm C1 v thit lp thay vo
gi tr nhit gn ng nh nht cho thit b trao i nhit ti 2oC.
Quay li trang Specs v b kch hot Active cho tham s Warm
C1 Cold 1 Out. Thm thng s gn ng nh nht, nh trong
bng sau:
Name

Min. T Approach

Type

Min.Approach

Pass

Overall

Spec Value

2.00oC

Khi thm tham s Minimum Temperature Approach, LNG s thc

hin tnh ton rt nhanh.
76

www.thuvien247.net
Result Page
Chuyn sang trang Conditions ca Worksheet tab trong giao din
thuc tnh ca LNG:

Trn trang SS Result ca Performance tab, bn s tm thy

Performance v Side Result:

77

www.thuvien247.net
4-CC THIT B TRN NG NG
4.1 Mixer .......................................................................................... 2
4.1.1 Design Tab ..........................................................................2
4.1.2 Rating Tab........................................................................... 4
4.1.3 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................4
4.1.4 Dynamics Tab ..................................................................... 4
4.1.5 Example .............................................................................. 5
4.2 Pipe Segment............................................................................. 8
4.2.1 Calculation Modes .............................................................. 8
4.2.2 Design Tab ....................................................................... 12
4.2.3 Rating Tab......................................................................... 17
4.2.4 Worksheet Tab ................................................................. 27
4.2.5 Performance Tab............................................................... 27
4.2.6 Dynamics Tab ................................................................... 29
4.2.7 Deposition Tab ................................................................. 29
4.2.8 Pipe Example.................................................................... 40
4.2.9 Modifying the Fittings Database........................................ 42
4.3 Tee ............................................................................................ 45
4.3.1 Design Tab ....................................................................... 45
4.3.2 Ratings Tab ...................................................................... 47
4.3.3 Worksheet Tab ................................................................. 47
4.3.4 Dynamics Tab ................................................................... 47
4.4 Valve ......................................................................................... 48
4.4.1 Design Tab ....................................................................... 48
4.4.2 Ratings Tab ...................................................................... 49
4.4.3 Worksheet Tab ................................................................. 49
4.4.4 Dynamics Tab ................................................................... 50
4.4.5 Valve Example .................................................................. 50
4.5 Relief Valve .............................................................................. 52
4.5.1 Design Tab ....................................................................... 52
4.5.2 Ratings Tab ...................................................................... 53
4.5.3 Worksheet Tab ................................................................. 53
4.5.4 Dynamics Tab ................................................................... 54
4.5.5 Relief Valve Example ....................................................... 54
4.6 References................................................................................ 56

www.thuvien247.net

4.1 Mixer
Trn hn hp l s kt hp hai hay nhiu dng vt cht thnh mt.
Cn bng nhit v cn bng vt cht t c nh c s trn hn
hp. Nh vy, gi tr nhit cha bit trong s cc thng s nhit
dng vo v dng ra lun lun c tnh ton mt cch cht ch.
Nu cc tnh cht ca dng vo bit (nhit , p sut, thnh
phn), th tnh cht dng ra s c tnh ton mt cch t ng da
trn thnh phn, nhit v entanpi bit ca dng .
p sut v nhit ca hn hp thng cha bit. Tuy nhin,
MIXER s t ng tnh ton ngc li v xc nh nhit ca
mt trong nhng dng vo nu nh dng ra hon ton xc nh.
Trong trng hp ny, p sut ca tt c cc dng phi c xc
nh y .
Nhit ca dng sau MIXER hon ton khc cc dng ban u
do hiu ng trn hn hp.

MIXER s tnh nhanh dng ra s dng enthalpy t hp cuae cc

dng ban u. Ch rng khi dng vo bit hon ton, khng
cn cung cp thm thng tin no c bit c dng ra. Vn l
ch cn xc nh y thng tin ca cc dng vo, khng cn
li bc t do no.
b qua Mixer trong qu trnh tnh ton, kch hot hp chn
Ignored. HYSYS s b qua cho n khi xa du kch hot hp chn.
ci t MIXER, bm phm F12 v chn Mixer hoc chn biu
tng Mixer trong Object Palette.

4.1.1 Design Tab

Giao din ny c 4 page: Connections - kt ni, Parameters - tham
s, User Variables - bin s ca ngi s dng, v Notes page ghi
ch.
2

www.thuvien247.net
Conections Page

Trn giao din ny, ghi r tn ca tt c cc dng vo Mixer v

dng ra.
Parameters Page
Trong Parameters Page, hin th Automatic Pressure Assignment
HYSYS s dng tnh ton vi cc dng gn vi Mixer. Thit lp
mc nh l Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet, trong trng hp ny phi
bit mt gi tr p sut ca mt trong cc dng. HYSYS s gn gi
tr p sut dng vo thp nht cho p sut dng ra.
Nu chn Equalize All HYSYS s mc nh tt c cc dng c
cng mt p sut khi bit p sut ca mt trong cc dng vo.
Nu chn Equalize All v hai hoc nhiu dng khng c cng p
sut, ni chung s gp li inconsistency error (li khng nht qun).
Nu mun chn tt c dng vo cng mt p sut, trc ht cn
chc chn rng tt c p sut c xc nh trc khi thit lp
Mixer, sau chn Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet. Trong trng hp
ny HYSYS s khng t ng gn gi tr p sut, m tt c p sut
bit t u.
Nu khng chc chn vi gi tr p sut s dng, chn Set Outlet
to Lowest Inlet. Ch s dng Equalize All nu bit chc chn tt c
cc dng vo u c cng mt p sut. Trong khi gi tr p sut
c gn cho t bn ngoi, c bit quan trng khi s dng Mixer
m phng cc im ni phc tp giao nhau ca h thng ng
ng dn.
3

www.thuvien247.net
Lu rng nu chn Equalize All v hai hay nhiu cc dng c p
sut khc nhau, s xut hin mt thng bo pressure inconsistency
(p sut khng ng nht). Trong trng hp ny, bn phi xa b
ton b ch li mt gi tr p sut cho tt c cc dng hoc chn
Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet. Nu bn chn Set Outlet to Lowest
Inlet bn vn c th t p sut cho tt c cc dng.
User Variables Page
Trang ny cho php ngi s dng to ra v thc hin cc bin s
trong m phng HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic la chn
cc bin s, xem thng tin chng User Variables trong
Customization Guide.
Notes Page
Trong Note page cho php son tho dng vn bn, ghi chp hoc
ch thch v Mixer hoc v m phng ni chung.

4.1.2 Rating Tab

Khng s dng tab ny trong m phng tnh.

4.1.3 Worksheet Tab

Worksheet Tab cha tt c cc thng tin chi tit v cc tnh cht
ca cc dng lin kt vi Mixer. Cc trang Conditions (iu kin),
Properties (c tnh), Composition (thnh phn) trong Worksheet
Tab cha cc thng tin tng ng ca cc dng. PF Specs page
cha cc thng tin ca cc dng trong Dynamics Tab.

4.1.4 Dynamic Tab

Nu ang thc hin m phng tnh, khng cn phi quan tm n
cc thng tin trong trang ny. bit thm thng tin v hot ng
ca Mixer trong Dynamics mode, xem ch dn Dynamic
Modeling guide bit thm chi tit.

www.thuvien247.net
4.1.5 Example
C 2 dng l dng 1 v dng 2, trn hn hp to dng ra l dng 3.
Bit cc thng s ca 2 dng ban u bng sau, s dng Peng
Robinson EOS. Khi thit lp MIXER, cn chc chn rng ch
Automatic Pressure Assignment chn Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet
trong Parameter page ca Design tab.

Ban u vo File New Case

Sau tin hnh chn cc bin s cho Mixer

Trong Fluid Pkgs Add Sour PR, sau ng giao

din.
5

www.thuvien247.net

Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment

Bm phm F12 Piping Equipment Mixer Add
Close
Trong bng Design Connections t tn cho cc bin s ca
dng vo (dng 1 v dng 2) v dng ra (dng 3):

Trong Worksheet Conditions chn cc thng s ca dng ra:

v d nh nhit p sut, thnh phn....

www.thuvien247.net
Tip tc chn thnh phn cho mi cu t thuc tng dng vo:
Dng 1:

Dng 2:

Kt qu c c thng s dng ra (dng 3) nh sau:

www.thuvien247.net
4.2 Cc on ng (Pipe Segment)
Cc on ng (PIPE SIGEMENT) c s dng m phng cc
h thng ng dn t nhng ng dn mt pha hay nhiu pha trong
cc nh my trong s thay i nhit l rt khc nghit cho ti cc
vn v cc vng ng. C hai phng php hiu chnh gim
p: trong mt phng php c pht trin bi Gregory, Aziz v
Mandhane, phng php th hai l ca Beggs v Brill. Cn c mt
la chn th 3, OLGAS, cng c th s dng nh phng php
gradien. Bn mc phc tp trong vic d on truyn nhit cho
php tm ra gii php p ng vi nhng yu cu kht khe cho
nhng vn bit.
PIPE SIGEMENT a ra 3 kiu tnh ton: gim p, lng dng,
v chiu di ng. Kiu tnh ton ph hp s c t ng la chn
ph thuc vo cc thng tin c cung cp. Khi tnh ton cho mi
on ng th cn phi cung cp y thng tin m bo xc lp
cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng.
b qua cc on ng trong qu trnh tnh ton cn nh du vo
hp chn Ignored. HYSYS s b qua cho ti khi xa b nh du
trong hp chn.
ci t PIPE SIGEMENT bm phm F12, chn pipe sigement t
Unit Ops hoc chn pipe segment gia trong Object Palette.
Trc khi nhp cc thng tin vo cc trang ca pipe segment, cn
phi xc nh r kiu tnh ton (Calculation Modes) v phng
php tnh cn bng vt liu, cn bng nng lng.

4.2.1 Kiu tnh ton

C 3 cch thc tnh ton: theo gim p, theo lu lng dng,
theo chiu di ng. Cch thc tnh ton s c n nh tu thuc
vo nhng thng tin cung cp.
Bt k s dng kiu tnh ton no, bn cng phi xc nh r rng
s lng cc on ng c kch thc v cao khc nhau. Qu
trnh tnh ton s c tin hnh vi mi on ng, v d: xc nh
gim p, cn bng nng lng, cn bng khi lng c thc
hin cho mi on ng, p sut ti u ra ca on ng ny s l p

www.thuvien247.net
sut u vo cho on ng tip theo. Tip tc nh vy theo chiu
di ton tuyn ng cho n khi p sut ra cui cng c xc nh.
Nhng tuyn ng c th tnh ton theo cc hng khc nhau. Ni
chung, thng c tin hnh t u m ti nhit bit
(nhit thng ch bit ti mt u m khng bit c hai u
ca tuyn ng). Sau HYSYS tng bc dc theo tuyn ng t
im u ny, s dng nhng p sut khc nhau c cung cp
hay t gi tr c tnh ban u. Nu im bt u l u cui cng
ca ton tuyn ng, th HYSYS s tnh ngc li qua ton b tuyn
ng. Ti u cui ca ton tuyn ng HYSYS so snh cc kt qu
tnh ton t nhng tham s v cc thng tin bit khc, v nu cn
thit s khi ng li qu trnh vi nhng gi tr c tnh mi.
Mt s c tnh ca cc cch thc tnh ton c a ra di y:
Tnh ton theo gim p
Gi s ngun nguyn liu, sn phm v dng nng lng c
lin kt vi tuyn ng vi cc thng tin sau y :
- Lu lng dng
- Chiu di, ng knh ng v s thay i cao
- Thng tin v truyn nhit
- C t nht nhit ca mt dng v mt gi tr p sut
Delta P phng php 1:
1.Ti mt u bit T
v P, tnh gi tr T v
P u ra ca on
ng u tin.
2.Chuyn sang on ng
tip theo, s dng gi
tr u ra ca on
ng trc lm gi
tr u vo tnh
ton tip.
3.Tip tc dc theo ton
tuyn ng cho n khi
ton tuyn ng c
tnh ton xong.

C 2 phng php khc nhau tnh ton theo gim p :

Phng php th nht:
Nu xc nh c nhit v p sut ti cng mt u ca ng
ng, th sau tnh cn bng nng lng v cn bng khi lng
cho mi on ng, gi tr nhit v p sut ca dng ti u kia
ca ng ng c xc nh.
Phng php th hai:
Nu bit gi tr nhit ca mt dng v p sut ca dng khc,
cn c mt vng lp tnh ton cho qu trnh :
- Trc ht c tnh gi tr p sut cho dng bit nhit .

www.thuvien247.net
Delta P phng php 2:
1. c tnh gi tr P cho
dng ti u bit T.
2. Tnh gi tr T v P u
ra ca on ng u
tin.
3. Chuyn sang on ng
tip theo, s dng gi tr
u ra ca on ng
trc lm gi tr u
vo tnh ton tip.
4. Tip tc dc theo ton
tuyn ng.
5. Nu gi tr P tnh khc
vi gi tr P c tnh,
lp li t bc 1.

Tnh theo chiu di:

1.c tnh chiu di. Ti
u bit T, tnh gi tr
T v P u ra ca
on ng u tin.
2. Chuyn sang on ng
tip theo, s dng gi tr
u ra ca on ng
trc lm gi tr u
vo tnh ton tip.
3.Tip tc dc theo ton
tuyn ng.
4.Nu gi tr P tnh khc
vi gi tr P c tnh,
lp li t bc 1.

- Tip theo gi tr p sut v nhit ti u kia ca tuyn ng

c xc nh t tnh cn bng nng lng v cn bng khi
lng nh phng php th nht.
- Nu kt qu tnh p sut nhn c khc vi p sut c tnh
th phi c tnh mt gi tr p sut mi v tnh li cn bng
nng lng v cn bng khi lng.
- Tip tc cho ti khi gi tr P tnh ton v P c tnh t c
s sai khc trong gii hn cho php.
Phng php ny c p dng tnh ton gim p cho nhng
ch ni, cc hiu ng ma st, thu tnh.
Tnh ton theo Chiu di
Gi s c dng nguyn liu, sn phm v dng nng lng lin
kt vi on ng, cn cung cp nhng thng tin sau :
- Lu lng dng
- Thng tin v truyn nhit
- ng knh ng
- p sut u vo v p sut u ra (hoc mt gi tr p sut v
gim p)
- Mt gi tr nhit ca dng
- c tnh chiu di ban u
Vi mi on ng, c tnh chiu di, vi nhng tham s dng
bit s dng tnh ton p sut v nhit ca nhng dng cha
bit. Nu gi tr tnh ton p sut v p sut thc t khng bng
nhau (trong khong sai s do ngi s dng t ra) th phi c tnh
chiu di mi v tip tc tnh ton li.
Gi tr c tnh ban u m tt th s gim thi gian cc bc tnh
sau rt nhiu.
Tnh ton theo lu lng dng
Gi s c dng nguyn liu, sn phm v dng nng lng c
lin kt vi on ng, yu cu cung cp nhng thng tin sau:
-

Chiu di v ng knh ng

Thng tin v truyn nhit

10

www.thuvien247.net
-

p sut u vo v p sut u ra

Nhit ca mt dng

c tnh lu lng dng ban u

S dng gi tr lu lng dng c tnh ban u v cc iu kin

bit (ti u bit nhit ), HYSYS s tnh ton p sut u
kia. Nu p sut tnh ton khc vi p sut thc t th s phi c
lng li gi tr lu lng dng v tnh ton tip tc li t u.
Gi tr c tnh ban u m tt th s gim thi gian cc bc tnh
sau rt nhiu.
Cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng ca on ng
Cc thut ton tng cng bao gm 3 vng lp. Vng lp ngoi lp
li cc thng s ca cc on ng (phng php tnh theo p sut,
chiu di hoc lu lngdng), vng gia thc hin tnh ton nhit
v vng trong cng tnh ton p sut. Vng lp gia v trong
cng thc hin phng php ct tuyn nhanh chng t s hi
t. p sut v nhit uc tnh ton theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhit v p sut u vo tham gia vo cc qu trnh tnh cn
bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng
2. S dng gi tr c lng ban u cho nhit v gradient p
sut, tnh ton nhit v p sut u ra
3. Cc tnh cht ca dng c tnh ton trn c s cc iu kin
u vo v c tnh u ra.
4. Nhng tnh cht ny, cng vi p sut u vo, tham gia vo
thut ton gradient p sut (Beggs - Brill, Gregory - Aziz Mandhane, hoc OLGAR).
5. Vi gradien p sut c th tnh ton c p sut u ra.
6. So snh p sut tnh ton vi p sut c lng, nu sai khc
vt qu gi tr cho php 0.01 % th c lng li gi tr p sut
u ra, v lp li t cc bc 3 n bc 6.
7. Khi p sut vng lp trong hi t, gi tr nhit u ra c
tnh ton nh sau:

11

www.thuvien247.net
- Nu U v nhit mi trng xc nh, th nht u ra
uc xc nh theo biu thc:
Q = UADTLM

(4.1)

Q = Qin Qout

(4.2)

Trong : Q l nhit lng trao i

U l h s truyn nhit ton b
DTLM l log gi tr nhit trung bnh
Qin

lu lng nhit dng vo

Q out

lu lng nhit dng ra

- Nu c hai gi tr nhit u vo v u ra ca tuyn ng

bit, nhit u ra ca on ng c tnh bng php ni suy
tuyn tnh. Nhit lng ca dng s c tnh ton qua cn bng
nng lng.
- Nu bit nhit lng ca dng, nhit u ra s c tnh ton
t Pressur-Enthalpy flash.
Khi nhit v p sut ca on ng c tnh ton, so snh vi
nhit u ra c tnh ban u. Nu gi tr sai khc vt qu
0.01oC, c tnh gi tr nhit u ra mi v lp li tnh ton t
bc 3.
8. Khi c hai gi tr nhit v p sut hi t, kt qu tnh u ra s
c s dng lm gi tr u vo tnh ton cho on ng tip
theo, c nh vy tip tc cho n ht ton b tuyn ng.

4.2.2 Design tab

Trong Design tab c 5 trang: Conections,
Caculations, User variable, v Note page.

Parameter,

Conections Page
Trong trang ny phi xc nh cc dng vt cht Feed v Product,
c th thc hin bng cch chn feed v product t hp danh sch
ko th. C th to ra nhng dng mi bng cch chn v nhp tn
dng mi trong Edit Bar

12

www.thuvien247.net

Ngoi lin kt cc dng vt cht, c th lin kt dng nng lng

vi Pipe Segment. C th thay i tn ca on ng ny nu cn
thit.
Parameter Page
Trong nhm cc thng s gradient p sut, c th chn phng
php gradient s dng cho tnh ton dng hai pha (VL).

C nhng la chn di y :

13

www.thuvien247.net
- Beggs and Brill
- Gregory Aziz Mandhane
- OLGAS
Vi dng mt pha, phng trnh Dancy c dng d don
gim p. Phng trnh ny l dng bin i ca phng trnh nng
lng c hc, c tnh n s mt mt do ma st lm nh hng n
th nng.
Nhit lng mt mt ton phn trong on ng c th hin trong
mc Duty. Ton b nhit lng mt mt c th tnh ton bng cch
s dng h s truyn nhit c tnh hoc xc nh trong Heat
Transfer page ca trong Rating Tab.
C th xc nh gim p tng cng cho h thng. gim p
bao gm: mt mt do ma st, p sut thu tnh, v cc on ni.
Nu gim p tng cng khng xc nh trong Parameter page th
s c HYSYS tnh ton theo tt c cc s liu c cung cp.
Gravitational Energy Change (s thay i nng lng do trng
lc) hin th s thay i th nng ca dng cht lng dc theo chiu
di ng. N c xc nh theo ton b s thay i cao, da vo
tng cao ca mi on ng trong Sizing page ca Rating tab.
Khi gim p c xc nh, PIPE SEGMENT c th c dng
tnh ton hoc chiu di ca cc on ng hoc lu lng dng
vt cht dc theo chiu di ng.
Ch rng kiu tnh ton (theo gim p, chiu di, lu lng
dng) khng phi khai bo, m tu thuc vo thng tin c cung
cp HYSYS s t ng xc nh phng php tnh ton.
gim p tng cng c th c khai bo trc hoc c HYSYS
tnh ton, l tng ca gim p do ma st, p sut thu tnh v ti cc
ch ni. Khi c dng hai pha, th tch tng ng da trn nh lut
hn hp c thc hin tnh ton cho mt pha lng gi. V vy cn
cn thn vi cc h 3 pha. gim p hin thi c th thay i vi
cc ch dng chy khc nhau, v vi cc h nh tng.
Beggs and Brill Pressure Gradient
Beggs - Brill l phng php da trn c s tnh ton cho hn hp
khng kh - nc ti nhng iu kin khc nhau, v c th p dng

14

www.thuvien247.net
c cho dng chy c nghing. Trong Beggs Brill, ch
dng chy c xc nh qua vic s dng ch s Foude v hm
lng dng lng vo. Lu dng chy da trn dng chy theo
phng nm ngang trong 4 ch : dng phn tng (segregeted),
dng gin on (intermittent), dng phn phi (distributed) v dng
qu (transition). Khi mt ch dng c xc nh, mc
cht lng trong cc ng c tnh ton cho ng ng nm ngang,
s dng hiu chnh vi cc ch . H s c p dng cho
mc cht lng trong cc ng c dc. T mc cht lng ny, vi
hn hp hai pha h s ma st c tnh ton v gradien p sut
c xc nh.

Gregory Aziz Mandhane Pressure Gradient

Gregory Aziz Mandhande l m hnh ph hp xc nh s gim
p trong dng hai pha.

15

www.thuvien247.net

OLGAS Pressure Gradient

OLGAS s dng m hnh c hc cho mt trong bn ch dng
chy chnh: phn tng (stratified), dng chy vng (annular), dng
chy chm (slug) v dng chy c bt phn tn (dispersed bubble).
Phng php ny phn ln da trn s liu ca phng th nghim
dng hai pha SINTEF ca Nauy.
OLGAS d on gradien p sut, mc cht lng v ch dng.
OLGAS c th nghim cc nghing khc nhau vi gc
nghing t nm ngang ti thng ng. OLGAS cho mt d bo
chung tt nht v gim p v mc cht lng.
Calculations Page

C th cung cp cc s liu tnh ton cho trang ny.

16

www.thuvien247.net
Field

M t

Pressure Tolerance

c s dng so snh vi p sut

tnh ton trong vng lp

Temperature
Tolerance

c s dng so snh vi nhit

tnh ton trong vng lp

Heat Flow Tolerance

c s dng so snh vi dng

nhit tnh ton trong vng lp

Length Initial Guess

c s dng trong thut ton tnh

ton chiu di

Flow Initial Guess

c s dng trong thut ton tnh

ton dng vt cht

Flow Step Size

c s dng trong thut ton tnh

ton dng vt cht

Default Increments

S on ng c thay i cao, xut

hin mi ng trong Dimensions page

Khi tnh ton theo chiu di ng hay theo lu lng dng th d

on ban u tt v di bc chn ph hp s gim c thi
gian tnh ton.
User Variables Page
Trang ny cho php ngi s dng to v thay i cc bin trong
m phng bng HYSYS. c thm thng tin chi tit, xem trong
User Variable ca ti liu Customization Guide.
Notes Page
Trang ny cho php son tho dng vn bn, c th ghi chp li bt
k mt lnh no hay mt thng tin trong pipe segment hay trong m
phng ni chung

4.2.3 nh gi (Rating Tab)

Rating tab c th truy cp vo 2 trang: sizing v heat transfer. Trong
Sizing page phi cung cp cc thng tin v kch thc ca cc on
ng. Trong trang heat transfer nhit b mt mt trong cc on ng
c th xc nh hoc tnh ton qua cc thng s trao i nhit .
17

www.thuvien247.net
Sizing Page
Trong trang ny di v chiu cao ca cc on ng c xy
dng. C th cung cp thng tin chi tit cho tng on ni hay cc
on ng trong PIPE SEGMENT ang c m phng. Mt s
lng khng gii hn cc on ng hay on ni bn c th a
vo trang ny.

c chiu di ng m phng trong HYSYS, cc thng s cho mi

on ng phi c nhp ring bit, c cho cc on ni.
Qu trnh xy dng m hnh chiu di ng c minh ha bng s
di y. Trong s tuyn ng di AD c ni bi cc on
A, B, C, D vi 3 u ni F1, F2 v F3 .

Nhn vo bng bn di Fitting/Pipe, Leng v Elevation c

nhp vo c trng ca tuyn ng di AD. Mi on ng v u ni
c k hiu y . Ch rng on ng nm ngang c Elevation
18

www.thuvien247.net
bng 0. V tr Elevation (tng cao) cho thy u ra c cao ln
hn u vo.

xc nh y tuyn ng, cn phi cung cp s tuyn ng,

ng knh (ng knh danh ngha hoc ng knh trong v
ng knh ngoi), dng vt cht v s ca cc on ng trong
tuyn ng. Cc on ni cng cn c gi tr ng knh trong.
Lu : khi ch c mt on ng, HYSYS s tinh ton ng knh
trong ca ng khi bit chnh lch p sut v chiu di ng.
Adding Segments
C th thm on ng vo Length Elevation Profile trong giao
din ang hin th (c biu din trong hnh di) bng cch bm
vo phm Add Segment.

19

www.thuvien247.net
Vi mi on ng c thm vo, phi thc hin nh sau:
Field

M t

Fitting/Pipe

Chn on ng hoc u ni t danh sch

ko th trn Edit Bar. Nu trong danh sch
khng c u ni bn cn, c th bin i
u ni v thay i h s K ca n cho
tnh ton ny.
p sut ti u ni c tnh ton:

K V
P =
2gc

Trong :
- t trng
K - h s ni ng (K-factor)
V - vn tc dng b mt trung bnh
gc gia tc trng trng
Bn c th bin i c s d liu ca cc
u ni c trong file FITTING.DB.
bit thm chi tit, xem Section 4.2.9Modifying the Fittings Database.
Length

di hin ti ca on ng. Khng cn

vi u ni.

Elevation Change

S thay i cao gia u ra v u vo

ca tuyn ng. Gi tr dng cho thy rng
u ra cao hn u vo. Khng cn vi
u ni.

Outer Diameter

ng knh ngoi ca ng hoc u ni

Inner Diameter

ng knh trong ca ng hoc u ni

Material

Chn mt trong s vt liu c sn hoc

chn User Specified. Khng cn vi u
ni.

Increments

S ca on ng trong tuyn ng c
chia ra tnh ton.

Viewing Segments
Khi la chn mt on ng hoc u ni, c th cung cp thng
tin chi tit lin quan n on ng c nh du. Vi con tr chn
on ng, bm vo phm View Segment.

20

www.thuvien247.net
Cc u ni lm
tng gim p
trong PIPE
SEGMENT. gim
p t lwj vi Kfactor ca u ni.

Hp thoi Pipe Info s xut hin cho on ng. Trong giao din
ny, s c cc thng tin sau:
Field
Pipe Schedule

Nominal Diameter

M t
Chn mt trong cc thng s di y:
Actual ng knh danh ngha khng
xc nh, ng knh trong xc nh
Schedule 40
Schedule 80
Schedule 160
HYSYS c c s d liu cho 3 danh mc
ng ng (40, 80, 160). Chn danh mc cn
thit, s xut hin bng chn ng knh danh
ngha tng ng.
Cung cp ng knh danh ngha ca on
ng.

Inner Diameter

Vi Schedule 40, 80, 160 ly s liu t

Database. Vi Actual Pipe Schedule s c
ngi s dng t xc nh.

Pipe Material

Chn vt liu t bng ch hoc chn User

Specified. Rougness factor s t ng c
cung cp cho vt liu chn. C th t xc
nh Rougness factor nu mun. Bng vt
liu v Rougness factor tng ng c a
ra trong bng di y.

Roughness

Gi tr mc nh c cung cp da vo vt
liu lm ng c chn. Cng c th t xc
nh gi tr ny nu mun.
21

www.thuvien247.net

Xa b on ng
HYSYS khng a
ra cnh bo trc
khi xa b on
ng.

xa b mt on ng, nh du mt trong cc tham s ca n

trong hp Length-Elevation Profile v bm phm Delete Segment
Cng c th xa tt c bng cch bm phm Clear Profile.

Truyn nhit (Heat Transfer Page)

Trong Heat Transfer page c th la chn phng php m
HYSYS s s dng tnh ton truyn nhit. Trong giao din hin
th di y, ti hp chn Specity By chn mt trong cc phng
n:
By segment: xc nh nhit mi trng v h s truyn n
hit HTC (Heat Transfer Coefficient) cho mi on ng
c khi to trong trang Sizing
Overall: mt trong bn phng thc truyn nhit s c p
dng cho cc on ng cn c vo cc tham s c ci
t vo Heat Trasfer Summary v Heat Transfer
Coefficient Estimation.

22

www.thuvien247.net

Cc phng php truyn nhit:

Phng php

M t

Duty Method

Nu bit Overall Heat Duty ca on

ng, cn bng nng lng s dc tnh
ngay. Mi on ng c cng tn tht
nhit. Tng cng cc on ng s nhn
gi tr ph hp khi nhit ton tuyn
ng l n nh, vn tc truyn nhit
thp so vi lu lng nhit ca dng.
y l phng php tnh nhanh nht.

Stream Temperature

Nu xc nh nhit vo v ra, bin

tuyn tnh v nhit nng ton phn
s c tnh ton. Phng php ny
tnh ton nhanh khi bit cc iu
kin ca dng.

Overall Heat Transfer

Coefficient Specified

Nu bit Overall Heat Transfer

Coefficient v nhit mi trng,
vic tnh ton truyn nhit ca mi
on ng s c thc hin cht ch.

Heat Transfer
Coefficient Estimation

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient c

th c xy dng t cc b phn ca
ng ng.

23

www.thuvien247.net
Lp mng i lu bn trong ng (Inside Film Convection)
C th yu cu HYSYS c tnh h s truyn nhit lp mng bn
trong ng s dng mt trong cc phng php hiu chnh c trong
chng trnh.

C ba phng php hiu chnh:

Petukov (1970)
h=

( f / 8) Re d Pr
k
d 1.07 + 12.7( f / 8)1 / 2 (Pr 2 / 3 1)

Dittus and Boelter (1930)

h=

k
0.023 Re 0d.8 Pr n
d

n = 0.3 vi t nng
n = 0.4 vi lm lnh
Sieder and Tate (1936)
h=

k
0.027 Re 0d.8 Pr1 / 3
d

Dn nhit/i lu bn ngoi (Outside Conduction/Convection)

24

www.thuvien247.net
i lu bn ngoi vi khng kh, nc hoc t c th bao gm
bng cch chn hp Estimate Outer HTC. Vi nc v khng kh
vn tc truyn trung bnh c mc nh l 1 m/s v ngi s dng
c th bin i c nu cn. H s hiu chnh truyn nhit i lu
bn ngoi i vi dng chy qua ng nm ngang:
h=

k
0.025 Re 0.6 Pr 0.38
d

Nu chn Ground nh mi trng trung gian th tip theo cn chn

Ground type. dn nhit ca mi trng trung gian ny s hin
th nhng cng c th thay i bng cch nhp vo gi tr mi.
Ground type v dn nhit tng ng c a ra trong bng sau:

25

www.thuvien247.net
Loi t v dn nhit (Ground type and Conductivities):
Tr lc truyn nhit (Heat Transfer Resistance) c tnh theo biu
thc sau:
Rsurroundings

2Z + 4Z 2 D 2
1
b
ot
=
ln b
2k s
Dot

Trong : Zb = Chiu su ca lp ph tnh n ng trc ca ng

ks = dn nhit ca vt liu xung quanh ng chm
(khng kh, nc, t)
Dot = ng knh ngoi ca ng, bao gm c lp v
cch nhit bn ngoi.
Dn nhit qua lp v cch nhit/ng (Conduction through
insulation/pipe)
Dn nhit qua lp v bo v hoc bt c lp ph bn ngoi ng
cng c th c thc hin. Mt s loi vt liu vi dn nhit
ca n c a ra trong bng di y. Cn phi cung cp thng
tin v dy ca lp ph ny. Cn phi cung cp gi tr v dn
nhit qua ng.

26

www.thuvien247.net

4.2.4. Worksheet Tab

Worksheet tab, bng hin th tm tt cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc
dng lin kt vi cc thit b c bn. Conditions (cc iu kin),
Properties (cc c tnh), v Composition (cc cu t), l cc trang
cha cc thng tin c la chn t cc trang tng ng ca
Worksheet tab hin th cc thuc tnh dng vt cht. Trn trang PF
Specs cha cc thng tin tm tt cc thuc tnh ca dng hin th
trong Dynamics tab.

4.2.5. Performance Tab

Performance tab truy cp vo Profiles page. Profiles page cho
php ngi s dng truy cp thng tin v cc iu kin ca dng
lu th chuyn ng bn trong mi on ng dn.
Profiles Page

27

www.thuvien247.net
Profile page a ra mt bng tm tt cho cc on to nn on
ng dn. Khong cch (chiu di), chiu cao v s on thay i
cao c hin th cho mi on ng dn. Khng sa i c cc
gi tr hin th trong giao din Profile page.
Bng cch bm vo phm View Profile, bn truy cp vo giao din
Pipe Profile, trong c mt trang bng (Table) v mt trang
th (Plot). Trang bng hin th cc tham s theo on ng dn:
Length (chiu di)
Elevation ( cao)
Pressure (p sut)
Temperature (Nhit )
Heat Transferred (s truyn nhit)
Flow Regime (ch dng chy)
Liquid Holdup (mc cht lng)
Friction Gradient (chnh lch ma st)
Static Gradient (chnh lch tnh)
Accel Gradient (chnh lch Accel)
Liquid Reynolds Number (chun s Reynolds cht lng)
Vapour Reynolds Number (chun s Reynolds cht kh)
Liquid Velocity (vn tc dng lng)
Vapour Velocity (vn tc dng hi)

28

www.thuvien247.net
Plot page hin th di dng th cc d liu trong Table page.
La chn mt trong nhng nt bm (bn tri giao din) hin th
th bin thin theo bin x biu din trn trc honh:

Bn c th bin i cch hin th th ty theo tng i tng

bng cch la chn Graph Control t trn thanh menu chnh.

4.2.6 Dynamics Tab

Dynamics Tab ch c tc dng trong m phng ng.

4.2.7 Deposition Tab

S lng ng ca sp t khi du trn thnh ng c gii thit l
ch do s chuyn khi, s phn tn khng c xem l mt nhn t
quan trng. Tc lng ng c m t bi biu thc:
m = k (C wall Cbulk ) AMwwax
trong :
m: tc lng (kg/s)
k : h s chuyn khi (mole /m2s phn mol)
C : nng ca sp ni hnh thnh (nng phn mol)
AMwwax : khi lng phn t ca sp (kg/mole)
A: Din tch mt ct ngang (m2)
H s chuyn khi c tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

29

www.thuvien247.net
Sh = 0,015. Re
trong :

Sh =

kDH
cD

Sc =

l
l D

Re =

Vl l DH
l

0 ,88

Sc

1
3

D : khuch tn ca sp trong du(m2/s)

: nht ca cht lng
3

l : mt ca cht lng (kg/m )

k : h s chuyn khi (mole/m2s phn mole)

DH: bn knh thy lc (m)
Vl: vn tc cht lng (m/s)
c : mt mole cht lng (mole/m3)
Chun s Reynolds c s dng trong php tnh ny da vo vn
tc cht lng cc b v bn knh thy lc cht lng. Cc tnh cht
vt l c ly nh gi tr ca pha lng. nht c s dng da
trn nhit cht lng v tc trt theo thnh ng.
S khc nhau v nng cc loi sp hnh thnh gia cht lng
khi ln v thnh ng, trong lc tc ng n s lng ng ca
sp nhn c t vic tnh ton cn bng lng sp hai nhit
xc nh.
Nhng tnh ton ny cung cp tc lng ng sp c tch hp
trn mi bc tnh ton tng lng sp hnh thnh trn thnh ng.
Deposition tab gm 4 trang: Methods (cc phng php),
Properties (cc tnh cht), Profile (mt ct) v Limits (gii hn).
Cc tab bao gm cc dng giao din mu. chn (check box) nhit
hnh thnh sp cho php bn la chn m hnh lng ng tnh
ton nhit ban u to sp (hoc im c) cho mi on ng
khi thc hin tnh ton s lng ng. Nu chn c chn, kt
qu tnh ton hin th trong Profile page ca Deposition tab. Cc
phm iu chnh thc hin tnh ton v ch hot ng khi c d
30

www.thuvien247.net
liu php tnh ton iu chnh xy ra (ngha l im c c
xc nh, t nht l m cp nhit /phn trm khi lng sp c
xc nh v thnh phn tham chiu c xc nh).
Phng php tnh (Methods Page)
M hnh Profes Wax c thit lp bng cch chn t danh sch
hiu chnh lng ng (Deposition Correlation). Vic thit lp h
thng ng ng s khng c gii quyt cho n khi dy ca
lp lng ng c xc nh trn trang Profiles. Khi dy ca
lp lng ng ban u c xc nh, m hnh s tnh ton s dng
cc gi tr mc nh a ra cc tham s khc ca qu trnh lng
ng to sp trn thnh ng.
Trng thi gian cc i (Max. Time field) cho php xc nh gi
tr thc ca thi gian lp sp ng li t dng cht lng trn ng
ng. Trng bc thi gian (Timestep field) cho php xc nh
khong thi gian (timestamp) t c tc lng sp tch t trn
ng ng.
Bm vo phm View Method thay i s liu mc nh trong m
hnh Profes Wax v iu chnh n cho ph hp vi ng dng c th.
Giao din m hnh Profes Wax gm c ba tab: Wax Data (s liu
sp), Tuning Data (iu chnh s liu) v thnh phn tham chiu
(Ref. Comp.).

31

www.thuvien247.net
S liu sp (Wax Data Tab)

Wax Data tab cho php la chn m hnh s c s dng thc

hin tnh ton cn bng sp. Danh sch ko th Wax Model cung
cp bn m hnh nhit ng cho s hnh thnh sp: Chung,
Pederson, Conoco and AEA (mc nh). Tt c cc m hnh trn
y u da trn phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng Ki . Ki l t l
nng ca cu t i trong pha rn v trong pha lng.
Ki =

P Vi L Vi S
x iS iL iL

=
exp

x iL iS iS
0 RT

Trong : xi = Mol fraction (phn mol cu t i )

i = Activity coefficient (h s hot )
f = Standard state fugacity (fugat tiu chun)
P = Pressure (p sut)
V = Molar volume (th tch mol)
T = Temperature (nhit )
R = Gas constant (hng s kh)
S, L = k hiu cc pha: S l pha rn; L l pha lng

32

www.thuvien247.net
Khi hng s cn bng cho mi cu t c xc nh, chng c s
dng xc nh s lng v thnh phn ca mi pha. S khc
nhau gia cc m hnh nhit ng khc nhau ty thuc vo nhng
iu kin trong phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng c chn nh
th no. Bn m hnh nhit ng s dng tnh ton y c
m t bng cc phng trnh sau:
AEA
h f
ln K i = i
RT

1 T
Tf
i

f P L
C p Ti f
T
V Vi
i
+
1
+ ln
+ i
P

R
T
T
RT

Chung
hi f
ln K i =
RT

1 T
Tf

Vi L L
+

L
RT m i

Vi L
Vi L
+ ln
+1
Vm
Vm

Conoco (Erikson)
hi f
ln K i =
RT

1 T
Tf
i

Pederson
ln K i =

(
(

Vi L mL iL
Vi S

S
m

iS

)
)

2
2

hi f
+
RT

1 T
Tf
i

f
C p Ti f
T
i
+
+ ln
1

R
T
T

trong :
hi f = Enthalpy of melting (nhit nng chy)
Ti f

= Melting temperature ( nhit nng chy)

= Molar volume (th tch mol)

= Solubility parameter (tham s ha tan)

Cp = Chnh lch nhit dung ring gia cht rn v cht lng

m

= k hiu hn hp

= cu t i

33

www.thuvien247.net
Tt c cc m hnh i hi phi phn tch chi tit thnh phn ca
cht lng s dng hiu qu v vi m hnh Conoco Erickson v
cc cng s ngh khi phn tch cc hydrocacbon cn phn bit
thnh phn parafin machj thng v mch nhnh v c s khc bit
im nng chy gia hai nhm ny. Nhit nng chy c tc ng
rt ln n vic d on im c cho hn hp c thnh phn
cho. Trong m hnh Penderson hng s Ki ph thuc vo thnh
phn ca pha lng v pha rn, y l s tnh ton cn bng khng
nh n bng thng thng, y Ki khng i vi mi nhit v
p sut, v c th dn ti s khng n nh hoc p n bng s
khng chnh xc.
M hnh AEA l m hnh trong kt hp cht ch iu kin nh
hng ca p sut ln cn bng lng rn, kt qu s dn ti t
cn bng, s ha tan sp tng ln trong iu kin p sut cao v c
nhiu phn nh tp trung vo pha lng hn. S dng m hnh ny,
c th d on s tng ln hoc gim i ca c im c v khi
lng sp vi s tng p sut, ty thuc vo thnh phn cht lng.
Wax Data tab cho php la chn nhng cu t thnh phn trong
hn hp c kh nng hnh thnh sp. Nhng tiu chun mc nh
cho cc cu t thnh phn trong bng ny nh sau:
Cc cu t c khi lng phn t nh hn 140 hoc cc cht
v c khng th hnh thnh sp. chn (check box) cho
nhng cu t ny c t trong mt c nh v khng
thay i c.
Cc loi hydrocacbon s hnh thnh sp. chn (check
box) cho nhng cu t ny t ng c kch hot, c th b
khng kch hot nhng ny. Ch l cc cu t gi thng
ri vo trng hp ny.
Cc cu t hu c khc khng hnh thnh sp. chn
(check box) khng kch hot, nhng c th kch hot n.
S la chn kh nng hnh thnh sp ca cc cu t ring phn gip
kim tra xc nh cc c trng hnh thnh sp ca h thng. V d,

34

www.thuvien247.net
c th xc nh hai cu t gi c nhng c tnh chung v bng cch
t mt trong hai cu t to thnh sp, c th thay i khi lng
sp c to thnh trong khong nhit si gi nh bng cch
thay i t l ca chng.
Bng iu chnh s liu (Tuning Data Tab)

Tuning Data tab cho php xc nh cc c trng hnh thnh sp

quan st c ca h iu chnh m hnh sp.
im c u vo cho php xc nh nhit chuyn pha gia pha
lng v hn hp hai pha sp/lng.
Bng phn trm khi lng sp ph thuc vo nhit cho php
xc nh khi lng sp nhn c l hm ca nhit . Cc gi tr
mi c th c b sung vo bng, cc gi tr ny s c xp xp
theo nhit khi qu trnh iu chnh c thc hin. tnh ton
iu chnh i hi phi c t nht mt cp d liu. C th cung cp
ti 10 cp d liu.
Cc gi tr tnh ton im c v phn trm khi lng sp s c
hin th trong ct tnh ton sau khi qu trnh iu chnh hon thnh.
Bng tham chiu (Ref Comp Tab)
Ref Comp tab cho php khai bo thnh phn tham chiu ca cht
lng trong ng ng.
35

www.thuvien247.net

b mt im khi
bng, c hai gi tr
nhit v phn
trm khi lng sp
phi c xa.

Thnh phn cu t c nhp vo bng l phn mol hoc phn khi

lng ty thuc vo c chn. Phm chun ha (Normalise
button) cho php chun ha thnh phn nhp vo v t cc gi
tr khng xc nh bng 0.
iu chnh qu trnh (Tuning Process)
Tuning Process l mt lot cc php tnh ton c thc hin khi
bm phm Tune. Bc u tin xc nhn d liu thc hin nh sau:
C t nht mt cu t to thnh sp
c mt thnh phn cu t tham chiu c khai bo
Xp xp cc cp gi tr nhit /phn trm khi lng sp
theo th t nhit gim dn.
m bo nhit im c ln hn bt k nhit no trong
bng cc cp gi tr nhit /phn trm khi lng sp
Nu tm thy bt c sai st no th qu trnh iu chnh s dng v
mt thng bo li c hin th trn thanh trng thi iu chnh.

36

www.thuvien247.net
Nu d liu ng th u tin qu trnh iu chnh s tnh ton cn
bng lng hi (VLE flash) iu kin tiu chun 15oC v 100kPa
cho thnh phn ca dng lng tham chiu. Kt qu tnh ton ny
c s dng nh thnh phn cu t c bn cho ton b qu trnh
tnh ton tip theo. Nu pha lng khng c tm thy trong dng
tham chiu ti iu kin th tnh ton iu chnh b sai.
Qu trnh iu chnh sau tip tc s dng phng php tnh lp
bnh phng b nht. Qu trnh tnh ton a ra trn thanh trng
thi chnh ca HYSYS. Khi hon tt vic kim tra qu trnh iu
chnh cho kt qu hi t v hin th kt qu trn thanh trng thi
iu chnh. Nu qu trnh iu chnh khng hi t cc thng s iu
chnh khng c cp nht v kt qu tnh ton cng khng c
cp nht.
C ba thng s iu chnh cho cc m hnh sp Chung, Pederson v
Conoco v bn thng s iu chnh cho m hnh AEA. Qu trnh
iu chnh ch thc hin iu chnh s thng s c t d liu c
cung cp tc l t im c + mt cp nhit /phn trm sp s
cho php iu chnh hai thng s, cn khi thm thng s iu chnh
i hi phi cung cp thm nhiu cp s liu nhit /phn trm
sp. Trong trng hp iu chnh ba n bn thng s cha hi t,
qu trnh iu chnh th hai c t ng thc hin cho hai thng
s hiu chnh.
S hi t ca qu trnh iu chnh c kim tra bng cch theo di
kt qu tnh im c, y l thng s quan trng nht. Ni chung
s hi t s t c khi c mt hoc hai cp s liu nhit /phn
trm sp. Do vic ch trng vo vic t c im c nn kt qu
tnh ton phn trm sp thng xut hin cc li, c bit khi c
nhiu nhit / im phn trm sp.
Mc m cc thng s hiu chnh c th iu chnh nhit
/ng cong phn trm sp d on ca cc m hnh b hn ch
v trong mt s trng hp phi iu chnh bng tay, bng cch
thay i s lng v t l thnh phn sp to thnh trong h.

37

www.thuvien247.net
Trang cc thuc tnh (Properties Page)

Properties page cho php xc nh cc thuc tnh cht lng ng

yu cu cho m hnh Profes Wax tnh ton. Trong trang ny gm
ba thuc tnh:
Mt cht lng ng
dn nhit ca cht lng ng
Hiu sut theo chiu di ca cht lng ng

Trang mt ct (Profile Page)

Trong Profile page c Deposition Profile tab. Bng ny c hai mc
ch:
S dng xc nh dy ca lp lng theo yu cu ca
m hnh Profes Wax
Hin th mt ct ca lp sp lng ng trn ng ng.

38

www.thuvien247.net

Limits Page (trang gii hn)

Limits page cho php xc nh gii hn ti a cho cc thng s sau:

dy ln nht ca cht lng ng
gim p sut ton phn
Tng th tch cht lng ng
gim p ti u ni
Thi gian m phng.

39

www.thuvien247.net
4.2.8 Pipe Example
V d ny s minh ha cch s dng PIPE SEGMENT, cha bit
lu lng dng.
1. Nhp dng vi cc thnh phn yu cu, s dng h nhit ng
Peng Robinson:

2. Khai Bo cc tham s dng

3. Thit lp PIPE SEGMENT

40

www.thuvien247.net
4. Trn Sizing page ca Ratings tab, bm phm Add Segment v
khai bo nh bng di:

5. Bm phm View Segment chn loi ng Schedule 40, ng

knh danh nh (nominal diameter) 101.6 mm (4-inch).
HYSYS s tnh ng knh trong v ng knh ngoi ca ng.
6. Trong Heat Transfer page ca Rating tab, khai bo Heat Loss
5000 kJ/h. Sau khi khai bo xong, PIPE SEGMENT bt u tnh
ton.
Results
Bm phm View Profile trn Profile page trong Performance tab
kim tra kt qu. Bng hin th kt qu:

Kt qu tnh ton lu lng dng chy qua ng PIPE SEGMENT

c th thy trn Worksheet page. Lu lng mol l 761.56
kgmole/hr vi gim p 1000 kPa, chy qua 500 m ng thp mild
steel ng knh 4-in., Schedule 40.
41

www.thuvien247.net

4.2.9 Bin i c s d liu ca u ni ng

(Modifying the Fittings Database)
Trong file fittings.db s thy nhng dng nh sau:

iu ny c th c thay i, tng dng mt nh sau:

1. FittingType elbow45std
Dng ny xc nh "elbow45std" ca "FittingType".
"FittingType" c hai thng s: h s VH (h s K) v m t loi
u ni. Lu rng tn "elbow45std" ch l tn ni b, khng
xut hin trong bt k danh sch hay ca s no.
2. VHFactor 0.35
H s K ca u ni. Khi bn thm mt u ni vo danh sch
cc u ni, h s K c a vo ct K-Factor.
42

www.thuvien247.net
3. Desc "Elbow: 45 Std"
K hiu nhn (m t) u ni "elbow45std". K hiu ny c
s dng trong fittings window la chn u ni.
4. end
Thng bo cho bit HYSYS m t xong "elbow45std"
Nh vy bn xc nh mt u ni. Nhng nh vy cha .
Ton b cc u ni tp hp trong mt nhm c gi l
"FittingTypeGroup", nh th HYSYS d dng xc nh c cch
thc tnh ton.
1. FittingTypeGroup FTG
Tng t nh dng 1 trn. Xc nh mt i tng "FTG" ca
nhm "FittingTypeGroup. "FTG" c th c nhiu thng s,
nhng tt c phi cng mt loi - FittingType. FittingTypeGroup
bao gm tt c cc u ni ca ng ng.
2. AddFitt elbow45std
a cc u ni khai bo trc y vo nhm. Ch l cc
u ni phi c khai bo trc khi a vo nhm. Tt c cc
u ni mi cn c b sung vo tip sau trong c s d liu.
Khi cc u ni xut hin trong danh sch ko th, chng c
xp xp theo th t abc theo tham s ca chng.
3. end
Thng bo cho HYSYS a tt c cc u ni cn thit vo
nhm cc u ni.
Lu rng HYSYS s khng t ng a cc u ni vo trong
nhm, bi v cc u ni c khai bo bng tay. V d nh, nu ta
khai bo "elbow45std" nh trn, nhng qun a n vo nhm,
th s khng th truy cp vo n trong ca s giao din ca cc u
ni (fitting window).
Ngoi ra lnh kt thc end rt quan trng. Nu bn qun t
end u gia tp tin fittings.db, bn s nhn c cc
thng bo li c th c hoc khng cho bn bit thc s sai ci g.

43

www.thuvien247.net
V vy c th to u ni ring. M tp tin "fitting.db" trong trnh
son tho ASCII v di chuyn n v tr no gia tp tin
(nhng phi chc chn rng ang xc nh nhm cc u ni).
By gi hy thm nhng dng sau y:
FittingType loopdeloop
VHFactor 10.0
Desc "Loop-de-loop!"
end
By gi bn to ra mt u ni. Ch rng bn khng phi li
vo cc dng VHFactor and Desc, n ch lm cho rnh mch hn v
d dng hn khi c cc tp tin. By gi a cc u ni vo nhm.
Tm trong tp tin ti dng "FittingTypeGroup FTG". By gi i ti
v tr no gia dng ny v g nh sau:
AddFitt loopdeloop
By gi tt c nhng g bn phi lm l chy HYSYS v to lp
mt on ng. u ni mi "Loop-de-loop!" s xut hin trn danh
sch ko th xung v nu bn b sung mt "Loop-de-loop!" vo
danh sch cc u ni, th s xut hin mt h s K 10.0.
b u ni, ch cn xa nhng dng nhp trc.

44

www.thuvien247.net
4.3 Chia dng (Tee)
Tee l thit b dng chia mt dng sn phm thnh nhiu dng
khc nhau vi thnh phn v cc iu kin tng t nhau, v c
s dng m phng cc b chia dng v ng ng phn phi.
Ci t Tee tng t Mixer, bm phm F12 v chn hoc chn
trong Object Palette. b qua cc hot ng ca Tee trong sut
qu trnh tnh ton chn Ignored trong check box. HYSYS s b
qua cho n khi bn b du chn trong check box

4.3.1 Design Tab

Tng t cng c 4 trang: Conections Page, Parameters Page,
User Variables v Notes page .
Connection Page
Trn Connections Page, cung cp tn ca dng nguyn liu cng
nh mt s bt k cc dng sn phm, tt c s c khai bo iu
kin v thnh phn nh dng nguyn liu vo. C mt iu khc
nhau duy nht ca cc dng sn phm l lu lng dng, c xc
nh bi t s dng chy v c khai bo Parameters page
(trong m phng tnh) hoc m ca valve c khai bo trn
Dynamics page (trong m phng ng).

45

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters Page
Vi nhng tnh ton trong m phng tnh, cn cung cp t s lu
lng dng (t s lu lng dng ra v lu lng tng dng vo).
T s dng vo ni chung c gi tr gia 0 v 1; tuy nhin c th c
t s ln hn 1. Trong trng hp ny, c t nht mt dng ra c t
s lu lng dng nhn gi tr m v lu lng dng m (dng
ngc). Vi N dng ra nh vo TEE, cn phi cung cp N-1 t s
lu lng dng. HYSYS s tnh ton t s lu lng dng cha bit
v lu lng ca cc dng ra.

f1

f2

f3

ri = 1.0
i =1

.....
N

fN

Dng nguyn
liu vo F
N dng ra
Khai bo N-1
t s lu lng
dng ri
Lu lng
dng ra fi = riF

ri =

fi
F

Trong : ri = t s lu lng ca dng th i

fi = lu lng dng ra th i
F = lu lng dng nguyn liu
N = s lng dng ra
V d nu bn c 4 dng ra t TEE, bn phi khai bo 3 t s lu
lng dng v HYSYS s tnh ton t s th t. Nu bn chuyn
46

www.thuvien247.net
sang M phng ng, t s lu lng dng s khng thay i nu
nh cc gi tr nm trong khong gia 0 v 1 (chng s bng lu
lng dng ng ca cc phn on)
User Variables Page
Trang ny cho php ngi s dng to ra v thc hin cc bin s
trong m phng HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic ci t
bin s, xem chng User Variables trong Customization Guide.
Note Page
Trn giao din ny cho php ngi s dng ghi chp cc ghi ch
hoc cc thng tin v TEE, hoc m phng ni chung.

4.3.2 Rating Tab

Bn khng th khai bo bt k thng tin nh gi v cc hot ng
trong Tee HYSYS.Process.

4.3.3 Worksheet Tab

Worksheet tab cha tm tt nhng thng tin v dng t trong giao
din cc thuc tnh ca dng lin kt vi TEE. Cc trang
Conditions, Properties, v Compositions pages cha cc thng tin
c th t cc trang tng ng ca Worksheet tab trn giao din
thuc tnh ca dng. PF specs page c cha tm tt cc thng tin
t Dynamics tab trn giao din thuc tnh ca dng.

4.3.4 Dynamic Tab

Nu lm vic trong ch m phng tnh, khng cn phi thay i
bt k thng tin no trn cc page ca tab ny. bit thm thng
tin v TEE trong m phng ng ng, xem hng dn Dynamic
Modeling bit thm chi tit.

47

www.thuvien247.net
4.4 Valve
HYSYS thc hin cn bng vt cht v nng lng trn dng ra v
dng vo ca Van. HYSYS tnh ton trn c s cn bng vt liu v
enthalpy ca hai dng. Coi qu trnh hot ng ca cc van l qu
trnh ng entropi.
Di y l danh sch ca cc bin cn phi khai bo cho van hot
ng. Tt c c ba thng s trong s phi c khai bo trc
Van c th c tnh ton. t nht trong s c mt gi tr nhit
v mt gi tr p sut phi c cung cp. HYSYS s tnh ton hai
thng s cha bit khc:
Nhit dng vo
p sut dng vo
Nhit dng ra
p sut dng ra
gim p ca van
ci t Van, bm phm F12 v chn Van t giao din Unit Ops
hoc chn biu tng Valve trong Object Palette.
b qua cc hot ng ca Van trong qu trnh tnh ton, kch
hot Ignored. HYSYS s b qua cc hot ng cho n khi xa b
kch hot Ignored.

4.4.1 Design Tab

Design tab c 4 trang nh sau: Connections, Parameters, User
Variables, v Notes pages.
Connections Page
Connections page cho php khai bo tn ca Van, cng nh tn cc
dng nguyn liu v dng sn phm.

48

www.thuvien247.net

Parameters Page
gim p ca van cn phi c khai bo trong trang
Parameters.
User Variables Page
User Variables page cho php ngi s dng to ra v thc hin
cc bin s trong m phng HYSYS. bit thm chi tit, xem
trong ti liu hng dn.
Notes Page
Notes page cung cp mt trnh son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt
k cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan n hot ng ca valve hoc
m phng ni chung.

4.4.2 Ratings Tab

Nu ang lm vic trong m phng tnh th khng cn phi thay i
thng tin trong giao din ny.

4.4.3 Worksheet Tab

Worksheet tab c cc trang sau: Conditions, Properties, v
Composition pages.

49

www.thuvien247.net
Conditions page hin th iu kin ca tt c cc dng vo v ra
ca van. Trang ny cho php khai bo dng hoc sa i cc gi tr
dng, nu cn thay i trong m phng. Bt k gi tr no mu xanh
th c th sa i c. iu ny cho php d dng khai bo hoc
sa i mt dng m khng cn m xem tnh cht ca mi dng.
Trang ny cng cho php xem nhanh chng nhng dng kt ni vi
van trong sut qu trnh m phng.
Bt k thay i no c thc hin trong trang ny u c phn
nh trong giao din cc tnh cht ca dng.
Properties page hin th tnh cht ca tt c cc dng. Bt k gi tr
no c mu xanh u c th thay i c.
Composition page hin th thnh phn cu t ca tt c cc dng.
Trang ny cng cho php khai bo thnh phn dng hoc sa i
cc gi tr dng, nu cn thay i trong m phng. Bt k gi tr
no l mu xanh c th sa i c.

4.4.4 Dynamics Tab

Nu ang lm vic trong m phng tnh th khng cn phi thay i
thng tin trong giao din ny.

4.4.5 Valve Example

V d ny s minh ho vic s dng van. Trong trng hp ny,
nhit v p sut ca dng nguyn liu cho van c khai bo.
1. Khi to cc dng nguyn liu, s dng phng trnh Peng
Robinson v thnh phn cc cu t cho trong bng sau.
Property Package

Components

Peng Robinson

Propane, Propene

Pack

a2. Thit lp dng vi cc tham s sau:ge

50

www.thuvien247.net

3. Thit lp VALVE vi cc tham s sau: Co

c kt qu trong Worksheet tab

51

www.thuvien247.net
4.5 Van gim p (Relief Valve)
RELIEF VALVE c th c s dng m hnh ha mt vi loi
van gim p. Van gim p c s dng kh ph bin trong nhiu
ngnh cng nghip ngn chn tnh hung nguy him xy ra t s
tng p sut trong h thng.
Dng chy qua RELIEF VALVE c th l hi, lng, lng c kt
ta hoc bt k s kt hp ca ba loi k trn.

4.5.1 Design Tab

Design Tab bao gm 4 trang sau : Connections, Parameters, User
Variables v Notes pages.
Connections Page

Connections page l giao din khai bo tn cc dng vo v

dng ra ca van gim p. Trang ny c ba khai bo:
Object

M t

Feed

Dng vo van gim p. C th chn mt dng c t

trc t danh sch ko th xung. Hoc c th to
mt dng mi bng cch nhp tn ca dng

Product

Dng ra khi van gim p. Cng ging nh dng vo,

c th chn mt dng c sn t trc t danh sch
ko th xung hoc c th to mt dng mi

Name

Tn ca van gim p. HYSYS s cung cp mt tn

mc nh, tuy nhin, c th chnh sa tn ny vo bt
k lc no bng cch nhp mt tn mi trong ny
52

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters Page
Parameter page c cha hai khai bo:
Object

M t

Opening Pressure

ti p sut ny van gim p s bt u m

Full Open Pressure

ti p sut ny van gim p s m hon ton

User Variables Page

User Variables page cho php to ra v thc hin cc bin trong
qu trnh m phng. bit thm chi tit, xem trong ti liu hng
dn (chng User Variables trong Customization Guide).
Notes Page
Notes page cung cp mt trnh son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt
k cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan n hot ng ca valve hoc
m phng ni chung.

4.5.2 Ratings Tab

Nu ang lm vic trong m phng tnh th khng cn phi thay i
thng tin trong giao din ny.

4.5.3 Worksheet Tab

53

www.thuvien247.net
Worksheet tab c cc trang sau: Conditions, Properties, v
Composition pages.
Trang Conditions page hin th iu kin ca tt c cc dng vo
v ra ca van. Trang ny cho php khai bo dng hoc sa i cc
gi tr dng, nu cn thay i trong m phng. Bt k gi tr no
mu xanh th c th sa i c. iu ny cho php d dng khai
bo hoc sa i mt dng m khng cn m xem tnh cht ca
mi dng.
Trang ny cng cho php xem nhanh chng nhng dng kt ni vi
van trong sut qu trnh m phng.
Bt k thay i no c thc hin trong trang ny u c phn
nh trong giao din cc tnh cht ca dng.
Trang Properties page hin th tnh cht ca tt c cc dng. Bt k
gi tr no c mu xanh u c th thay i c.
Trang Composition page hin th thnh phn cu t ca tt c cc
dng. Trang ny cng cho php khai bo thnh phn dng hoc sa
i cc gi tr dng, nu cn thay i trong m phng. Bt k gi tr
no l mu xanh c th sa i c. Khi khai bo hoc sa i mt
thnh phn th giao din Input Composition s xut hin.

4.5.4 Dynamics Tab

Nu ang lm vic trong m phng tnh th khng cn phi thay i
thng tin trong giao din ny.

4.5.5 Relief Valve Example

1. Khi to ra mt case mi s dng Peng Robinson v thm cu t
sau :

2. Khi to v khai bo dng nguyn liu vo vi cc iu kin v

thnh phn nh sau :

54

www.thuvien247.net

3. By gi khi to SEPARATOR vo Flowsheet v khai bo cc

tham s sau:

4. Thit b tch yu cu mt van gim p. thm van gim p, c

th bm phm F12 v chn t Unit Ops hoc l chn biu tng
Relief Valve t Object Palette.
5. in vo Design tab ca giao din hin th tnh cht ca van
gim p Relief Valve, nh trong bng sau :

6. Trn Worksheet tab ca giao din hin th tnh cht ca van

gim p, nhp gi tr p sut ca dng ra khi van gim p l
102.325 kPa.
7. Nh vy l hon thnh vic khai bo cc thng s cho ton h
thng. Trn thanh trng thi pha di ca giao din property view
c mu vi dng thng bo Material Flows into closed valve.
Van gim p hin ti phi ng hon ton v p sut trong thng
cha cha t n ngng m van.

55

www.thuvien247.net
8. Thay i p sut dng nguyn liu vo ti 160 kPa. Khi ny van
an ton s m. Vo Worksheet tab xem kt qu tnh ton. Giao
din hin th kt qu nh trong hnh sau.

4.6 Ti liu tham kho

1. Gregory, G.A., Mandhane, J. and Aziz, K., Some Design
Considerations for Two-Phase Flow in Pipes, J. Can. Petrol.
Technol., Jan. - Mar. (1975).
2. Beggs, H.D., and Brill, J.P., A Study of Two-Phase Flow in
Inclined Pipes, J. Petrol. Technol., p. 607, May (1973).

56

www.thuvien247.net
5 - Rotating Equipment

5.1. My nn/ Expander

5.1.1 Theory.................................................................................

5.1.2 Design Tab ...........................................................................

5.1.3 Rating Tab...........................................................................

10

5.1.4 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 13

5.1.5 Performance Tab.................................................................... 13
5.1.6 Dynamics Tab ........................................................................ 14
5.1.7 Compressor Example.............................................................. 14

5.2. My nn piston (Reciprocating Compressor)

5.2.1 Theory..................................................................................... 18
5.2.2 Design Tab ............................................................................. 22
5.2.3 Rating Tab............................................................................... 24
5.2.4 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 25
5.2.5 Performance Tab.................................................................... 25
5.2.6 Dynamics Tab ........................................................................ 26
5.2.7 Reciprocating Compressor Example....................................... 26

5.3. My bm
5.3.1 Theory..................................................................................... 29
5.3.2 Design Tab .............................................................................. 31
5.3.3 Rating Tab................................................................................. 33
5.3.4 Worksheet Tab ......................................................................... 33
5.3.5 Performance Tab....................................................................... 33
5.3.6 Dynamics Tab .......................................................................... 33
5.3.7 Pump Example.......................................................................... 34

www.thuvien247.net
5.1. My nn/ Expander
My nn l thit b dng tng p sut dng kh vo. Ph thuc
cc thng tin c cho trc, my nn s tnh ton cc tnh cht
khc ca dng (nh p sut hay nhit ) hoc hiu sut nn.
Epander l thit b c s dng lm gim p ca dng kh vo
c p sut cao to ra dng ra vi p sut thp v vn tc nhanh.
Qu trnh gin n bao gm qu trnh chuyn ni nng ca kh sang
ng nng v cui cng l sang cng c ch. Expander s tnh ton
cc tnh cht khc ca dng hoc hiu sut gin n.
C mt vi phng php thit k, tnh ton My nn/Expander,
ph thuc vo cc thng tin bit trc hoc c th dng phng
php th. Ni chung, phng php gii l hm s ca dng, s
thay i p sut, nng lng v hiu sut t vo. Cng c My
nn/Expander ca HYSYS c tnh linh hot cao vi cc thng s
c cung cp v nhng thng s s c tnh ton. Cn phi chc
chn rng cc thao tc thc hin khng kch hot qu nhiu cc la
chn gii php hoc cc thao tc khng thng nht v kt qu.
Cc phng php gii quyt in hnh:
Khng dng th

Dng th

1. Lu lng dng v p sut

dng vo bit
2. nh r p sut dng ra
3. nh r hiu sut on nhit
v a hng
4. HYSYS s tnh ton cc nng
lng yu cu, nhit dng
ra v cc hiu sut khc

1. Lu lng dng v p sut

dng vo bit
2. nh r tc vn hnh
3. HYSYS s dng th xc
inh hiu sut v p sut
4. HYSYS tnh ton p sut,
nhit v nng sut t
vo dng ra

1. Lu lng dng v p sut

dng vo bit
2. nh r hiu sut v nng
sut
3. HYSYS s tnh p sut, nhit
, v cc hiu sut khc ca
dng ra

1. Lu lng dng, p sut

dng vo, v hiu sut
bit.
2. HYSYS ni suy th
xc nh tc , v p sut
vn hnh.
3. HYSYS tnh p sut, nhit
, v cng sut t vo
dng ra.
2

www.thuvien247.net

Phm my nn

Cc nh lut nhit ng iu khin qu trnh hot ng ca My

nn v Expander l ging nhau, nhng hng ca dng nng lng
l ngc nhau. Qu trnh nn yu cu nng lng, trong khi qu
trnh gin n gii phng nng lng.
nhp thit b My nn, bm phm F12 v chn Compressor t
bng UnitOps, hoc chn phm Compressor trong Object Palette.
Thit lp thit b Expander tng t nh trn.

Phm Expander

b qua Compressor v Expander trong sut qu trnh tnh ton,

la chn Ignored trong hp chn. HYSYS s hon ton b qua thit
b cho n khi khi phc tr li trng thi hot ng bng cch
xa du chn trong hp chn va ri.

5.1.1 Nguyn l
i vi my nn, hiu sut ng entropy c tnh bng t s ca
nng lng ng entropy yu cu cho qu trnh nn vi nng lng
yu cu thc t

i vi thit b Expander, hiu sut c cho l t s ca nng

lng thc t c to ra trong qu trnh gin vi nng lng to ra
trong mt qu trnh gin ng entropy

i vi thit b Compressor hay Expander on nhit, HYSYS tnh

ton qu trnh nn (hoc gin) mt cch cht ch theo ng ng
entropy t p sut dng ra n dng vo. S dng enthalpy ti im
, ngay lp tc hiu sut c xc nh, sau HYSYS s tnh
c enthalpy dng ra thc t. T gi tr ny v p sut dng ra,
nhit dng ra s c xc nh.
i vi Compressor hay Expander a hng, ng dn ca dng
va on nhit li va ng nhit. Vi qu trnh hiu sut 100%, ch
3

www.thuvien247.net
c iu kin c hc c tnh kh nghch. i vi qu trnh bt thun
nghch, hiu sut a hng s nh hn 100%. Ph thuc vo qu
trnh l gin hay nn, HYSYS xc nh cho qu trnh thun nghch
c hc l nhn hay chia vi mt hiu sut a ra ga tr lm vic
thc t. Biu thc ca hiu sut a hng c cho ging nh cc
phng trnh trn.
Ghi nh rng tt c cc i lng nhit ng hc c xc nh
bng cch s dng h nhit ng ph hp. Nhn chung, cng ca
qu trnh c hc thun nghch c th xc nh bng biu thc:

Ging nh cc thit b vn hnh khc, cc thng tin c tnh ton

ph thuc vo cc thng tin m ngi s dng cung cp. Trong
trng hp p sut, nhit dng vo v dng ra ca dng kh c
bit trc, nng lng (ng entropy) l tng ca thit b c tnh
ton bng cch s dng mt trong cc phng trnh trn, ph thuc
vo tng loi My nn hay Expander. Nng lng thc t tng
ng vi s khc bit ca dng nhit (Enthalpy) gia dng vo v
dng ra.

i vi my nn:
Power Requiredactual = Heat Flowoutlet Heat Flowinlet
Hiu sut ca My nn sau c xc nh bng t s ca nng
lng ng Entropy vi nng lng thc t c yu cu i vi
qu trnh nn.

i vi Expander:
Power Producedactual = Heat Flowintlet Heat Flowoutlet
Hiu sut ca Expander c xc dnh bng t s ca nng lng
thc t to ra bi dng kh vi nng lng ng Entropy.
Trong trng hp p sut dng vo, p sut dng ra, nhit dng
vo v hiu sut bit trc, nng lng ng Entropy mt ln na
li c tnh bng cch s dng phng trnh gn ng. Nng lng
thc t c yu cu bi My nn (s khc bit Enthalpy gia dng
vo v dng ra) c tnh bng cch chia nng lng l tng cho
hiu sut my nn. Nhit dng ra sau c xc nh mt cch
4

www.thuvien247.net
cht ch t Enthalpy dng ra ca kh s dng biu thc enthalpy bt
u t phng php c tnh c s dng. i vi qu trnh nn
hoc gin ng entropy (hiu sut 100%), nhit dng ra ca kh
s lun lun thp hn nhit dng ra cho qu trnh nn hay gin
thc t.

S dng cc phng trnh

Nu Compressor c chn, cc biu thc ca my nn c s
dng. Nu Expander c la chn th cc phng trnh expander
c s dng.

Hiu sut my nn
Cc hiu sut on nhit v a bin c bao gm trong cc php
tnh ca my nn. Php tnh nhanh ng Entropy (Pin and Entropyin)
c biu din bn trong nhn c cc tnh cht l tng (ng
entropy).

Hiu sut Expander

i vi thit b Expander, cc hiu sut l mt phn ca cc php
tnh ton Expander, v php tnh nhanh ng entropy cng c
biu din. Php tnh ny c thc hin ngay trn dng Expander,
v cc kt qu khng c lu li.

www.thuvien247.net
p sut my nn
Cc p sut on nhit v a bin c s dng sau khi cc php
tnh cho my nn hon thnh, ch khi m trang Results ca my
nn c la chn. Cng vic yu cu (thc t) l dng nng lng
my nn (dng nhit). p sut a bin c tnh ton da trn
phng php ASME (The Polytropic Analysis of Centrifugal
Compressors, Journal of Engineering for Power, J.M. Schultz,
January 1962, p. 69-82).

p sut Expander
Cc p sut on nhit v a bin c s dng sau khi cc php
tnh expander c hon thnh, ch khi m trang Results ca
expander c la chn. Cng to ra (thc t) l dng nng lng
Expander (dng nhit).

www.thuvien247.net
5.1.2 Tab thit k
Trang Conections
Trang Conections nh c cho hnh di y, l ca My nn.
Thng tin c yu cu trn trang Conections ca Expander l
tng t; ch c mt im khc l cc biu tng expander c
biu din nhiu hn cc biu tng My nn

Trn trang Conections, in tn thit b vn hnh, tn dng vo,

dng ra v dng nng lng.

Parameters Page
Trang Parameters ca Compressor tng t vi Expander. Ch c
mt im khc l cc biu tng c s dng biu din thit b
vn hnh v kh nng la chn gia my nn ly tm v my nn
piston.
C th xc nh cng sut ca dng nng lng nh km trn trang
ny, hoc HYSYS tnh ton. Cc hiu sut on nhit v a bin
cng c hin th.
Ch rng ch c th nh trc hiu sut, hoc on nhit hoc a
bin. Nu xc nh trc hiu sut v nhn c gii php,
HYSYS s tnh ngc li cc hiu sut khc s dng cc cng sut
c tnh ton v cc iu kin ca dng.

www.thuvien247.net

Links Page
Cc my nn v cc Expander mu trong HYSYS c th c cc trc
c kt ni vt l vi thit b vn hnh. S kt ni cc my nn v
Expander trong HYSYS c ngha l:
Tc ca mi thit b c kt ni l ging nhau
Tng ca cc cng sut ca mi my nn/expander c kt ni
gim nng lng tng cng bng 0. gim nng lng tng
cng (The Total Power Loss) nm trn Links page ca Design Tab.

www.thuvien247.net
Danh sch ca cc compressors/expanders hin th c th biu din
bng cch kch vo phm th xung trong min Upstream Link hoc
Downstream Link. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, c tnh k thut
thm vo cho bt k thit b vn hnh c kt ni cho php m
phng hon thnh gii php. Mt cch l tng nn nh r mt
trong cc gi tr sau cho mi thit b c kt ni:
Cng sut (Duty)
Tc (Speed)
gim nng lng tng cng (Total Power Loss)
Nu bn mun cung cp nng lng tng cng ca vo thit lp
cc my nn/expander c kt ni, nng lng tng u vo n
thit b c kt ni c xc nh trong cc iu kin ca gim
nng lng tng. Mi quan h c cho bi biu thc sau:
Total Power Input = - Total Power Loss
N cng c kh nng kt ni mt Expander vi mt my nn v s
dng Expander to ra ng nng iu khin my nn. Nu
chc nng ny c la chn, gim nng lng tng c xc
nh quy chun bng 0.

User Variables Page

Trang Users Variables cho php ngi s dng thit lp v ci t
cc bin trong m phng HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v chc
nng User Variables, xem thm chng User Variables trong
Customization Guide.

Notes Page
Trang Notes son tho vn bn trong c th ghi li bt k ch
gii hay thng tin no lin quan n My nn hay Expander, hoc
thuc v thit k m phng ca bn ni chung.

5.1.3 Tab Rating

Tab Rating bao gm 4 trang: th (Curves), Gii hn dng (Flow
Limits), Nozzles, v Inertia.

Curves Page
9

www.thuvien247.net
Nu khng s dng cc th, cung cp bn trong s cc bin s
sau, v gi tr th 5 s c tnh ton, theo cng sut:
Nhit dng vo
p sut dng vo
Nhit dng ra
p sut dng ra
Hiu sut
Gi nh rng bn cung cp cc cu t v lu lng dng.

cung cp d kin cho th, thc hin nh sau:

1. Chn hp Enable Curves.
2. La chn hiu sut on nhit hay a bin, s dng phm tng
ng. y l c s xc nh gi tr hiu sut dng vo.
3. Bm vo phm Add Curve vo giao din Curve.
4. Trn giao din hin th Curve, bn c th nhp cc im d kin
Flow, Head v %Efficiency, cng nh gi tr Speed cho mt
th n.

10

www.thuvien247.net

5. Vi mi th thm vo, thao tc li bc 3 v 4. Loi hiu sut

phi thng nht vi tt c th a vo.
HYSYS s s dng cc th xc nh hiu sut gn ng. Nu
s dng vavs th, chc chn rng gi tr hiu sut trn trang
Parameter phi trng hoc sai s phi nht qun trong qu trnh
tnh ton.
Khi th c thit lp, cc phm View Curve, Delete Curve v
Plot Curves s tr thnh hot ng. Bng cch s dng hai phm
u tin mt cch tng ng, bn c th nhp vo bng Curve hoc
sa cc d kin u vo hoc d dng xa th c nh du
trong thit k. Tuy nhin, vi mi th, mt hp kim tra Activate
s c biu din. loi mt th c xc lp khi cc php
tnh, bn c th b kch hot hp chn ca th .
Trn giao din ca Bng Curve cc gi tr c nhp thng qua
phm Add Curve hay View Curve. Bn c th cung cp cc thng tin
sau cho giao din ca bng Curve:
D kin th

M t

Name (Tn)

Tn ca th

Tc (Speed)

Tc quay ca my nn hay
expander. Vic ny khng bt buc
nu bn ch cung cp mt th.

Flow Units/ Head Units

Cc thit b cho dng v p sut

Flow/ Head/ Efficiency

Nhp cc gi tr ca cc im d liu
ca th

11

www.thuvien247.net
Khi bn chn phm Erase Selected, dng hin thi ca bng (Dng,
p sut hay Hiu sut) s b xa. Chn phm Erase Selected xa
tt c d liu Lu lng, p sut hay Hiu sut ca th.

Single Curve
Khi bn c mt th n, cc h thng sau ca dng vo s cho
php qu trnh hon thnh gii php (gi thit l cc cu t v nhit
dng vo bit):
p sut dng vo v lu lng dng
p sut dng vo v cng sut
p sut dng vo v p sut dng ra
p sut dng vo v Hiu sut tng ng vi loi th (v
d: nu l th on nhit, s cung cp hiu sut on
nhit).

Multiple Curves
Mi th c
t tn v c mt
hp kim tra
Activate c lin
kt. Bn c th tt
hoc bt tng
th ring l.

Nu nhiu th c thit lp v tc vn hnh l ring trn

trang Parameters, th ch th tng ng vi tc c s dng.
Ch rng bn c th nh r mt tc khc so vi cc tc cho
trong cc th. V d, nu bn cung cp cc th cho hai tc
(1000/min and 2000/min), v bn nh r mt tc l 1500/min,
HYSYS s ni suy gia 2 d th nhn c kt qu. Bn cng
phi cung cp p sut dng vo v lu lng dng, cng sut, p
sut dng ra hay hiu sut, nh gii thch trn.
HYSYS c th tnh tc gn ng da trn cc gi tr ca bn t
vo. Trong trng hp ny, bn cn phi cung cp thnh phn
nguyn liu, p sut v nhit cng nh hai trong cc bin sau:
Lu lng dng
Cng sut
Hiu sut
p sut dng ra
Khi bn cung cp thng tin cn thit, tc gn ng s c xc
nh, v hai bin khc s c tnh ton sau .
12

www.thuvien247.net
Ch rng my nn cng c th c s dng biu din thit b
bm khi cc php tnh bm c yu cu cht ch hn. Bm trong
HYSYS gi nh rng cht lng l khng nn c. Do vy, nu bn
mun bm mt cht lng gn im ti hn ca n (ti im m n
c th b nn), bn c th phi thay bm bng mt my nn. My
nn xt n tnh b nn ca cht lng, nh vy n biu din cc php
tnh cht ch v chnh xc hn.

Flow Limits Page

Nu bn ang lm vic trong m phng tnh, khng yu cu bn
phi thay i bt k thng tin no trong cc trang c truy cp
thng qua trang ny. bit thm thng tin v hot ng ca My
nn v Expander trong Dynamic mode, xem thm thng tin
Dynamic Modeling guide.

Nozzle Page
Nu bn ang lm vic trong Steady State mode, khng yu cu bn
phi thay i bt k thng tin no trong cc trang c truy cp
thng qua trang ny. bit thm thng tin v hot ng ca My
nn v Expander trong Dynamic mode, xem thm thng tin
Dynamic Modeling guide.

Ineria Page
Nu bn ang lm vic trong Steady State mode, khng yu cu bn
phi thay i bt k thng tin no trong cc trang c truy cp
thng qua trang ny. bit thm thng tin v hot ng ca My
nn v Expander trong Dynamic mode, xem thm thng tin
Dynamic Modeling guide.

5.1.4 Tab Worksheet

Tab Worksheet cha mt bn tm tt ca cc thng tin c trong
bng hin th tnh cht dng cho tt c cc dng lin kt vi thit b
vn hnh. Cc trang Conditions, Properties, v Composition cha
cc thng tin c la chn t cc trang tng ng ca Tab
Worksheet cho bng hin th tnh cht dng. Trang PF Specs cha
bng tm tt ca bng tnh cht dng trong Tab Dynamic.
13

www.thuvien247.net
5.1.5 Tab Performace
Results Page
Trn trang Results, bn c th xem bng kt qu tnh cc gi tr cho
My nn/Expander:

p sut on nhit
p sut a bin
Hiu sut on nhit
Hiu sut a bin
Cng sut
H s p sut a bin
S m a bin
S m ng entropy
Tc
gim cng sut
Tng th tch dch chuyn piston c ch
Tng th tch khng gian cht ring phn
T s p sut ln nht
u ra ca qu trnh nn
u vo ca qu trnh gin

5.1.6 Tab Dynamics

Nu bn ang lm vic trong Steady State mode, khng yu cu bn
phi thay i bt k thng tin no trong cc trang c truy cp
thng qua trang ny. bit thm thng tin v hot ng ca My
nn v Expander trong Dynamic mode, xem thm thng tin
Dynamic Modeling guide.

5.1.7 V d my nn
Mt my nn c m phng vi cc th hiu sut. Xt kh LP t
nh my ch bin du lm nguyn liu u vo my nn. Trong
trng hp ny, s xc nh n gin hiu sut, da trn lu lng
dng ca dng nguyn liu.
1. Thit lp Fluid Package s dng Sour PR v nhp cc cu t:
H2O, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, v n-C4.
14

www.thuvien247.net

2. Nhp dng vo v xc nh cc tham s nh sau:

3. Thit lp my nn vi cc thng tin sau:

4. Trn trang Parameter, xa gi tr Adiabatic Efficiency mc nh.

C hiu sut on nhit v a bin nn trng trnh li khng
ng nht hoc cung cp tha c tnh cho my nn.
5. Vo tab Rating, v m trang Curves.
6. Chc chn rng phm on nhit (Adiabatic) trong nhm
Efficiency c chn.
7. Chn hp Enable Curves, v bm vo phm Add Curve.
8. Hon thnh thit lp th nh trong giao din sau.

15

www.thuvien247.net

ng bng hin th Curve v kim tra hp Activate ca th va

c thit lp.
Cc iu kin ca dng ra c th c xem tab Performance ca
bng hin th tnh cht Compressor v c biu din nh bng
di y:

Tab Performance ca bng tnh cht My nn c biu din nh

trong giao din sau.

16

www.thuvien247.net
5.2. My nn pistong
phn 5.1 cp n my nn ly tm, phn tip theo y s i
chi tit v my nn pittong. My nn pittong l kiu khc ca my
nn, c s dng trong nhng trng hp yu cu p lc ra cao v
lu lng dng thp hn cn thit. My nn pistong c coi l
cch thay th thch hp. My nn pistong c th tch khng i v
c th thay i v c tnh p lc u ra, ngc li vi my nn ly
tm, i vi my my nn ly tm th khng c s thay i v c
tnh p lc u ra v c th tch thay i.
Trong HYSYS, my nn ly tm v my nn pitong c thc hin
m phng bng cng mt cng c my nn. Tuy nhin phng php
tnh ton c khc nhau, v my nn pistong khng khng yu cu
ng cong c tuyn ca bm m li yu cu s liu v kch thc
hnh hc. Kh nng hin ti ca my nn pitong trong HYSYS tp
trung vo my nn mt cp vi mt hoc hai pitong hot ng.
Phng php tnh ton in hnh cho my nn pitong l:
Lun bt u vi y tham s dng vo, tc l cn phi khai
bo y cc thng tin p sut, nhit , lu lng v thnh
phn dng vo.
Cung cp cc d liu hnh hc ca my nn nh s xi lanh, loi
xilanh, ng knh, hnh trnh v ng knh ca thanh truyn
pitong. HYSYS cng cung cp cc gi tr mc nh.
Khai bo cc c tnh ca my nn nh hiu sut on nhit
hoc hiu sut a hng v hng s hiu sut tn tht th tch.
HYSYS s c tnh ton nng lng cn thit, nhit dng ra
nu p sut ra c.
ci t my nn, bm phm F12 v chn Compressor t the Unit
Ops View hoc chn biu tng Compressor trn Object Palette,
F4. chuyn t my nn ly tm sang my nn pistong, chn
Reciprocating trn Specs page ca Dynamics tab.
Mun b qua my nn pistong trong khi tnh ton, chn vo
Ignore. HYSYS s hon ton b qua cc hot ng cho n khi khi
phc tr li bng cch xa du chn trong Ignore.
17

www.thuvien247.net
5.2.1

Nguyn l

Trong my nn pistong mt cp, bao gm: pistong, xylanh, head,

thanh truyn, trc khuu, van np, van x. Nhng chi tit c
minh ha trong hnh di. HYSYS c kh nng m hnh ha a
xylanh trong mt my nn pisttong vi mt hoc hai pistong.
Mt my nn hot ng n c mt pistong l nn kh cha trong
xilanh bng cch ch s dng mt u ca pistong. My nn hot
ng kp c mt pistong l nn kh trong xilanh s dng c 2 u
ca pistong. u piston pha trc khuu gi l c gi l u trc
khuu, cn u kia gi l u ra.
Pistong

Van np
Xilanh

Thanh
truyn ng

Kh nn

Van x

Mt cp nn - Pistong hot ng n
Van np
Thanh
truyn ng

Van x

Kh nn

Pistong

Van np
Kh nn

Xilanh

Van x

Mt cp nn - Pistong hot ng kp

Cc tnh ton v nhit ng hc cho my nn pitong ging vi my

nn ly tm. V c bn c hai kiu nn c xt:
ng dn thay i chiu ng p hoc ng entropy (on
nhit), trong ton b qu trnh khng thm hoc bt u ni p
v entropy tr thnh hng s, PVk=constant.
ng dn thay i chiu a hng qu trnh trong xt
n nhng thay i c tnh ca kh trong sut qu trnh nn.
Chi tit v cc phng trnh xem trong mc 5.1.1-Theory. Ti liu
tham kho v cc hot ng ca my nn pistong cui chng.
18

www.thuvien247.net
Nng sut ca my nn pistong c tnh ton da vo hiu sut th
tch, khong h xilanh, sc hm v nhit nng.
Khong h xylanh, C c tnh theo biu thc
C = Tng tt c th tch trng trong ton b xilanh / PD
trong :
PD (positive displacement) l s thay i th tch.
Tng tt c th tch trng ca ton b xylanh bao gm c th tch c
nh v th tch bin i. C thng c biu din bng phn n v
hoc phn trm.
Pistong dch chuyn, PD bng din tch pistong nhn vi chiu di
ca pitong qut qua trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. S dch
chuyn y c th biu th bng cc biu thc sau:
Vi piston hot ng n ch nn bng mt u ra:
PD = ( . D2 . stroke ) / 4
Vi piston hot ng n ch nn bng mt u pha trc khuu:
PD = ( . ( D2 d2 ) . stroke ) / 4
Vi piston hot ng kp (khc loi dng thanh ph):
PD = ( . ( 2D2 d2 ) . stroke ) / 4
Vi piston hot ng kp (loi dng thanh ph):
PD = ( . ( 2D2 2d2 ) . stroke ) / 4
trong :
D l ng knh pistong.
d l ng knh thanh truyn pistong.
PD bao gm tt c cc xylanh v c 2 u ca my nn hot ng
kp. Nu xilanh khng hot ng th khng nh hng n h
thng.
Th tch hiu dng l mt trong nhng thng s quan trng c s
dng nh gi nng sut ca my nn pitong. Th tch tch hiu
dng, VE, c nh ngha l dung tch bm thc t ca xy lanh so
vi th tch dch chuyn ca pitong. VE c tnh bi cng thc sau
19

www.thuvien247.net

Z
VE = (1 L ) C s
Z

Pd

Ps

1
k

Trong :
Pd - l p sut u ra.
Ps - l p sut ht.
L- l nh hng ca bin nh s r r bn trong, ma
st kh, gim p qua cc van v sy s b kh vo.
K - l t l nhit dung, Cp/Cv.
Zd - l h s nn kh ra.
Zs - l h s nn kh ht vo.
C - l th tch khng gian cht.
Trong php tnh s mt mt ca van ht v van x th gi tr mt mt
VE khong 4% l chp nhn c, i vi my nn khng bi trn
thm 5% mt mt l cn thit tnh n s r r ca kh. Nu nn
propan hay kh nng tng t th thm 4%.
Nhng suy lun ny cho trng hp khng bi trn v propan l gn
ng cho c hai. Nh vy ni chung, gi tr ca L thay i (t 0.04
0.15 hoc ln hn).
Thanh truyn dn ng (Rod Loading)
Thanh truyn ti c s dng hn ch ti trng tnh v ng
qun tnh ti trn trc khuu, kt ni thanh truyn, khung, thanh
truyn pistong, bulong, cc b mt bc .
Pistong
Ar
Thanh
truyn ng

Ps

Van np
Ap

Xilanh

Kh nn
Pd
Van x

20

www.thuvien247.net
N c th c tnh nh sau:
Ti khi nn, Lc
Lc = PdAp Ps(Ap Ar)
Ti khi ko ra, Lt
Lt = Pd(Ap Ar) PsAp
p sut ti a (Maximum Pressure)
p sut ti a m my nn kh pistong c th t c l:
Pmax = Ps PRmax
Trong t s p sut x ti a, PRmax c tnh t biu thc sau
PRmax

= d (1 L VE + C )

Zs.C

5.2.2 Design tab

Connection Page
Connection page ging nh ca my nn ly tm. Cn khai bo tn
ca cc dng Inlet, Outlet, v Energy.

Parameters page
Ging nh my nn ly tm. Phi khai bo nhit nng ca dng nng
lng trn trang ny, hoc HYSYS tnh ton. Hiu sut on nhit
v a hng cng c hin th trn trang ny.
Lu bn phi khai bo ch mt trong hai hiu sut hoc l on
nhit hoc a hng. Nu khai bo hiu sut v hon tt vic tnh
ton, HYSYS s tnh ngc li gi tr hiu sut cn li, bng cch s
dng kt qu tnh ton nhit nng v cc iu kin dng. My nn
pistong c hiu sut on nhit cao hn so vi my nn ly tm,
thng thng trong khong 85 - 95%

Links page
Ging my nn ly tm.
21

www.thuvien247.net
Setting page
Setting page c s dng khai bo cc kch thc my nn
pistong, trang ny ch hin th khi bn kch hot my nn pistong
hoc t Parameters page trn Design tab hoc Specs page trn
Dynamics tab.

My nn pistong khng i hi ng cong c tuyn ca bm, tuy

nhin nhng thng tin hnh hc sau y bt buc phi khai bo.
Number of Cylinders (s lng xylanh)
Cylinder Type (loi xylanh)
Bore - diameter of the cylinder (ng knh l ca xylanh)
Stroke - distance head of piston travels
Piston Rod Diameter (ng knh thanh truyn ca pitong)
Constant Volumetric Efficiency Loss
Default Fixed Clearance Volume
Zero Speed Flow Resistance (k) - dynamics only
Typical Design Speed
Volume Efficiency
22

www.thuvien247.net
Ty thc vo loi xylanh c chn, c 4 tham s cn phi c
khai bo, nu kiu xylanh hot ng kp cn phi xc nh th tch
khng gian cht c hai pha ca pistong.
Fixed Clearance Volume
Variable Clearance Volume
Variable Volume Enabled
Cylinder is Unloaded - dynamics only
Nu bin th tch c s dng th bn cn khai bo bin Clearance
Volume. Bin volume c s dng khi b sung clearance volume
(pha bn ngoi), l c thm vo gim dung tch xylanh.
Phm Size k ch s dng cho m phng ng, tham kho ti liu
hng dn Dynamic Modelling bit thm thng tin.

User Variables page

S dng trang Variables cho php ngi dng to ra v thc hin
cc bin trong m phng HYSYS. bit thm thng tin xem
chng User Variables trong ti liu hng dn Customization
Guide.

Notes Page
C th ghi li bt k kin hay thng tin lin quan n my nn kh
hoc lin quan n m phng ni chung.

5.2.3 Rating tab

Tab ny gm Nozzles page v Inertia page

Nozzle Page
Nu bn ang lm vic trong m phng tnh th khng cn thay i
thng tin trn cc trang kt ni vi trang ny. bit thm thng tin
chi tit v thit b Compressor trong m phng ng th tham kho
phn hng dn Dynamic Modeling.

Inertia Page
23

www.thuvien247.net
(tng t nh Nozzle page)

5.2.4 Worksheet Tab

Worksheet tab l bng tm tt tt c cc thng tin c trong giao
din cc thuc tnh ca dng kt ni vi thit b. Cc trang
Conditions, Properties v Compositions cha cc thng tin tng
ng Worksheet tab. PF Specs page cha bng tm tt v thuc
tnh p sut v lu lng dng trong giao din ca Dynamics tab.

5.2.5 Performance Tab

Result Page
Giao din hin th bng cc gi tr tnh ton Compressor. l
Adiabatic Head (u on nhit )
Polytropic Head (u a hng)
Adiabatic Efficient (hiu sut on nhit)
Polytropic Efficiency (hiu sut a hng)
Duty (nhit nng)
Polytropic Head Factor (H s u on nhit)
Polytropic Exponent (s muc a hng)
Isentropic Exponent (s m entropi )
Speed (tc )
Duty Loss(tn tht nhit nng)
Total Effective Displacement Volume (tng th tch hiu
dng ca xylanh)
Total Effective Fractional Clearance Volume (Tng th tch
cht hiu dng)
Maximum Pressure Ratio (T l p sut ti a)
Load in Compression (Ti trng khi nn)
Load in Tension (Ti trng khi ko)

5.2.6. Dynamic Tab

Nu bn ang lm vic trong m phng tnh, khng cn thay i
thng tin trong cc trang kt ni vi trang ny. Tham kho Dynamic
24

www.thuvien247.net
Modelling c thm thng tin v Compressor trong m phng
ng.

5.2.7. RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR EXAMPLE

Cc d liu cho Reciprocating Compressor K-100 a ra trong bng sau
Speed(rpm)

340

Stroke(in)

15

Number of Cylinder

1(stage)

Specific Data Cyclinder No:

Bore(in)

18

18

Piston Rod diameter

Head load (full, none)

full

full

Crank load (full,none)

full

full

HEAD 230

230

P discharge, psia

630

630

Clearance(%)

12.7

12.7

CRANK 230

230

P discharge, psia

630

630

Clearance (%)

12.8

12.8

P suction, psia

P suction, psia

Flow, MMSCFD

100%
Load

43

Dng vo c cc thng s nh sau:

Conditions

Worksheet
(Composition)

Temperature

100oF

Pressure

230 psia

Molar flow

43.0000 MMSCFD (at 100%

compressor capacity/load)

H2 mole frac

0.890

C1 mole frac

0.062

C2 mole frac

0.031

C3 mole frac

0.015

n-C4 mole frac

0.002

Cn tng p sut dng kh nguyn liu ln 630 psia. Thc hin cc

bc sau ci Compressor
25

www.thuvien247.net
1. To h nhit ng, dng Peng Robinson (Property Package) v
nhp cc cu t H2, C1, C2, C3, n-C4
2. To lp dng nguyn liu vo vi cc thng s nh bng trn.
3. To lp Compressor vi cc thng tin sau:
Design tab
Inlet
(Connections) Outlet
Energy

Feed
Out
Comp Duty

4. chuyn my nn li tm thnh my nn pitong, kch hot

Reciprocating, trong Dynamic tab.
5. Trn Parameters page ca Design tab, chuyn my nn li tm
thnh my nn pistong lm tng t nh trn, chn
Reciprocating. Xa gi tr mc nh Adiabatic Efficiency v khai
bo gi tr Polytropic Efficiency l 90.
6. Chuyn sang Settings page v nhp cc thng tin cho K-100 nh
giao din sau

Ch rng gi tr
Default Fixed
Clearance Volume
12.7% l la chn
thit k hp l.

7. Trn Worksheet tab nhp p sut ca dng ra l 630 psia. Thit

b lm vic vi 100% load
26

www.thuvien247.net
5.3. My bm
My bm c s dng lm tng p lc ca dng cht lng i
vo. Ph thuc vo thng tin c cung cp, my bm s tnh ton
p sut, nhit cha bit hoc hiu sut bm.
Chn On Pump Switch kch hot hoc khng kch hot bm
hot ng. Nu nh ny c chn, my bm c bt ln v s
hot ng bnh thng. Nu khng HYSYS s khng thay i dng
cht lng i qua, c ngha l dng i ra s hon ton ging nh dng
i vo. Khi bn s dng hp chn On Pump Switch, bn nn cung
cp tng p hn l ch ra p sut ca dng i vo v dng i ra.
Nu nh bn cung cp P, gi tr ny n gin s b bc b khi bn
tt my bm. Mt khc, nu nh bn xc nh p sut ca dng i
vo v dng i ra, bn s gp li ng nht khi bn tt my, v
HYSYS c gng dng i ra c trng thi nh dng i vo.
c th ci t My bm, nhn F12 v chn Pump t Unit Ops
hoc chn biu tng Pump trong Object Palette. b qua My
bm trong qu trnh tnh ton, chn vo Ignore. HYSYS s hon
ton b qua s hot ng (v s khng tnh ton dng ra) cho n
khi bn khi phc li v kch hot n bng cch b du tick i.

5.3.1 Nguyn l
Cc tnh ton c da trn phng trnh chun cho cng sut, s
dng tng p, tc v cng dng chy:
Power Re quiredideal =

( Pout Pin ) Flow Rate

Liquid Density

Trong : Pout = p sut dng ra

Pin = p sut dng vo bm
Ch rng phng trnh trn xc nh cng sut cn thit theo l
thuyt tng p sut ca cht lng. Cng sut cn thit thc t ca
my bm c xc nh theo hiu sut bm:

27

www.thuvien247.net
Efficiency (%) =

Power Re quiredideal
100%
Power Re quired actual

Khi hiu sut nh hn 100%, nng lng d s c dng tng

nhit ca dng ra.
Kt hp nhng phng trnh trn, s c cng sut cn thit thc
t ca my bm:
Power Re quiredideal =

( Pout Pin ) Flow Rate 100%

Liquid Density Efficiency (%)

Cui cng, cng sut thc t tng ng vi s chnh lch nhit

gia dng ra v dng vo.
Power Re quired actual = ( Heat Flowoutlet Heat FLowinlet )
Nu nh dng nguyn liu c xc nh y , ch cn cung
cp hai trong nhng bin sau Pump c th tnh ton tt c cc
bin cha bit:
p sut dng ra hoc s gim p sut
Hiu sut
Nng lng bm
HYSYS cng c th tnh ngc li p sut i vo.
Ch rng i vi mt my bm, hiu sut 100% khng tng ng
vi s nn ng entropi ca cht lng. Cc tnh ton ca my bm
c th hin bi HYSYS vi s tha nhn rng cht lng l khng
nn c; c ngha t trng l gi tr khng i (th tch cht lng
khng ph thuc vo p sut). y l mt s tha nhn thng
thng cho cc cht lng xa khi im ti hn, v phng trnh
chun a ra trn c chp nhn rng ri cho vic tnh ton p
sut cn thit. Tuy nhin, nu nh bn mun thc hin php tnh v
bm cht lng c th nn c mt cch chnh xc hn (v d nh
cht lng gn im ti hn), bn nn thit lp my nn
(Compressor) thay cho my bm (Pump).
28

www.thuvien247.net
Nu nh bn chn cch th hin my bm bng cch thay th bng
my nn trong HYSYS, cng sut cn thit v tng nhit ca
my nn s lun ln hn ca my bm (i vi cng mt dng cht
lng), v my nn s coi nh l cht lng nn c. Khi p sut ca
cht lng nn c tng ln, nhit cng s tng, v th tch ring
s gim. Cng s ln hn vn chuyn cht lng so vi khi n
khng nn c, th hin s tng nhit mt cht, nh trng hp
vi mt my bm trong HYSYS.

5.3.2. Design Tab

Conections Page
Trong trang Conections, a ra tn ca dng vo, dng ra v dng
nng lng i km vi my bm.

Parameters Page
Nhng thng s thch hp cho my bm l hiu sut on nhit, P
v nng lng bm (cng sut). Ch rng bn c th cung cp c
p sut dng vo v dng ra, trong trng hp HYSYS s tnh ton
29

www.thuvien247.net
P. Hoc c th cung cp p sut ca mt dng v P, HYSYS s
tnh p sut ca dng cn li.

Trang Curves
Nu nh bn mun cung cp mt th, chn trang th v cung
cp cc h s cho phng trnh bm bc 2, cng nh n v cho p
sut v lu lng. Sau chn Activate Curves, v HYSYS s xc
nh tng p qua my bm cho tc dng chy bit. trnh
li ng nht, hy chc chn rng bn cha nh r tng p qua
my bm, c trong dng chy i km cng nh qu trnh hot ng.

30

www.thuvien247.net

User Variables Page

Trang User Variables cho php ngi dng to ra v b sung cc
bin trong case m phng HYSYS. c thm thng tin v trang
ny, xem chng User Variables trong Customization Guide.

Notes Page
Trang Notes cung cp on vn bn, bn c th ghi li bt c li
bnh lun no hoc thng tin no v My bm, hoc lin quan n
m phng ca bn ni chung.

5.3.3. Rating Tab

Nu nh bn ang lm vic trong ch m phng tnh, bn khng
cn phi thay i bt c thng tin no trong cc trang c th truy cp
t tab ny. c nhiu thng tin hn v vn hnh my bm trong
ch ng, xem ch dn Dynamic Modeling.

5.3.4. Worksheet Tab

Tab ny bao gm tm tt thng tin c trong hin th v thuc tnh
ca dng chy i vi tt c cc dng chy i km vi s vn hnh.
Cc trang Conditions, Properties, v Composition bao gm nhng
31

www.thuvien247.net
thng tin c chn lc t cc trang tng ng ca tab Worksheet
i vi hin th thuc tnh dng chy. Trang PF Specs cha tm tt
v hin th thuc tnh dng chy tab Dynamics.

5.3.5. Performance Tab

Results Page
Trang Results cha ng nhng thng tin p sut ca my bm. Cc
gi tr cho p sut, tc lc, P, ngoi tr p sut tnh u l nhng
gi tr c tnh ton.
p sut tng ch c dng cho m phng ng. c thm
thng tin, tham kho Chng 6 - Rotating Equipment ca ch dn
Dynamic Modeling.

5.3.6 Dynamics Tab

Tab ny ch c dung cho m phng ng. c thm thng tin
v tab ny, tham kho Chng 6 - Rotating Equipment ca ch dn
Dynamic Modeling.

5.3.7. V d my bm
minh ho cch dng Pump trong HYSYS, dng Feed s c
bm t 455 psia n 800 psia. Hiu sut bm l 75%.
1. To mt h nhit ng s dng Peng Robinson EOS v cc thnh
phn sau: C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6, n-C7, n-C8.

2. To mt dng t tn Feed v xc nh cc thng tin cho dng

nguyn liu nh sau:

32

www.thuvien247.net

3. Thit lp Pump (my bm) v cung cp nhng thng tin nh

trong bng sau:

Cc kt qu c th hin trong cc bng di y v c th c

xem trong giao din thuc tnh my bm. Dng nng lng c gi
tr enthanpy dng. Trong vn hnh my bm, iu ny biu th
lng nng lng c cung cp cho dng i vo nhn c
trng thi ca dng i ra.

33

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng nu nh bn khng chn On Pump Switch, trng thi

ca dng Feed s c chuyn thng sang Outlet.

34

www.thuvien247.net

6 - CC THIT B TCH
6.1 Separator / 3-Phase Separator / Tank

6.1.1 Theory
6.1.2 Design Tab
6.1.3 Reactions Tab
6.1.4 Rating Tab
6.1.5 Worksheet Tab
6.1.6 Dynamics Tab
6.1.7 3-Phase Separation Example

2
4
6
7
9
10
11

6.2 Shortcut Column

13

6.2.1 Design Tab

6.2.2 Rating Tab
6.2.3 Worksheet Tab
6.2.4 Performance Tab
6.2.5 Dynamics Tab
6.2.6 Shortcut Column Example

13
15
15
15
16
16

6.3 Component Splitter

18

6.3.1 Theory
6.3.2 Design Tab
6.3.3 Rating Tab
6.3.4 Worksheet
6.3.5 Dynamics Tab
6.3.6 Example

18
19
19
19
19
21

www.thuvien247.net
6.1 Separator / 3-Phase Separator / Tank
Tt c thng tin
trong chng ny p
dng cho Thit b
tch, Thit b tch 3
pha v Thng cha,
tr khi c k hiu
khc

Biu tng
thit b tch

Biu tng
thit b tch 3 pha

Biu tng
thng cha

Bi v hin th tnh cht ca Thit b tch, Thit b tch 3 pha v

Thng cha hu nh tng t nhau, do 3 thit b trn cng c
trnh by trong chng ny. C th d dng thay i chc nng
trong Parameters Page thuc Design Tab t thit b sang thit b
khc. V d bn mun chuyn t Thit b tch sang Thit b tch 3
pha, n gin bn ch cn chn biu tng tng ng khi s dng
phm chuyn i. Ch cn bn nhp cc thng tin cn thit cho dng
lng. Ton b cc c tnh ban u ca thit b (Cc thng s, Cc
phn ng,) s c gi nguyn. Khc nhau c bn trong cc thit
b ny l chdng nguyn liu cung cp vo thit b (lin quan
n yu cu tch):
Thit b
M t
Nhiu dng nguyn liu, mt dng sn
Thit b tch
phm hi v mt dng sn phm lng.
Trong m phng tnh, thit b tch phn
chia cc cht cha trong thng thnh pha
hi v pha lng
Nhiu dng nguyn liu, mt dng sn
Thit b tch 3 pha
phm hi v hai dng sn phm lng.
Thit b tch 3 pha phn chia cc cht
cha trong thng thnh pha hi, pha lng
nh v pha lng nng
Nhiu dng nguyn liu, v mt dng sn
Thng cha
phm lng. Thng cha ni chung c
m phng cc thng cha lng dng ln
6.1.1 Nguyn l
Cc thit b tch lng hi c s dng phn tch cc pha trong
nhng iu kin xc nh. p sut trong thng tch l p sut thp
nht ca dng nguyn liu tr i st p dc theo thng. Enthalpy
l t hp enthalpy ca nguyn liu cng hoc tr cng sut (khi t
nng cng sut l cng, khi lm lnh cng sut l tr).

Cc thng tin chi tit v

ng hc qu trnh tch
pha c th xem trong
chng 7- Cc thit b
tch trong phn m
phng ng

Vi cc ng dng tiu chun, Thit b tch v Thit b tch 3 pha c

kh nng tnh ton ngc li. Ngoi ra khi cc dng nguyn liu
hon ton xc dnhc phn tch ti p sut v enthalpy ca thng,
thit b tch cng c th s dng cc cu t sn phm bit xc

www.thuvien247.net
nh cc cu t ca cc dng sn phm khc, bng cch cn bng
cc cu t ca dng nguyn liu.
thc hin tnh ton ngc vi thit b tch cn cc thng in sau:
Mt cu t sn phm
Nhit hoc p sut ca dng sn phm
Hai dng sn phm (i vi thit b tch hai pha) hoc ba dng
sn phm (i vi thit b tch ba pha)
Ch rng nu bn dang s dng nhiu dng nguyn liu, ch
c mt dng c th c mt cu t cha bit c th thc hin
tnh ton ngc trong Hysys
ci t SEPARATOR (Thit b tch) hot ng, bm phm F12
v chn Separator t Unit Ops view hoc chn biu tng
Separator trn Object Palette. Ci t cho 3-PHASE SEPARATOR
(thit b tch 3 pha) v TANK (Thng cha) cng tng t s dng
cc biu tng tng ng. Nu bn mun s dng SEPARATOR
nh mt thit b phn ng, bn c th ci t hoc l SEPARATOR
hoc l chn GENERAL REACTOR t Unit Ops view

Nu bn chuyn t
SEPARATOR (Thit b
tch) sang TANK
(Thng cha), bn s
Hnh trn th hin giao din ca Parameters page ca
b mt lin kt vi
dng hi. Nu bn tr SEPARATOR (Thit b tch). C th d dng thay i gia thiit b
v SEPARATOR, bn
s li c lin kt vi
dng hi
3

www.thuvien247.net
tch, thit b tch 3 pha v thng cha bng cch chn phm tng
ng (v tr mi tn ch trn hnh)
i vi thit b TANK (thng cha), dng ra s lun lun l dng
lng. Nu dng ra khng th tnh c pha lng theo ng cc c
trng dng v st p dc theo thng, khi st p cn phi iu
chnh sao cho dng ra phi t c ti nhit im bt ca n.
6.1.2 Design Tab
i vi m phng tnh, cn phi xc nh thng tin trong trang
Connections page v Parameters page ca Design tab.

Connection page
Bt c mt thit b phn tch no u nhn nhiu ngun nguyn
liu, cng nh cc dng nng lng (nu cn). Bn cng cn phi
cung cp tn ca cc dng sn phm. Hnh di y cho thy s
khc bit v vic xc nh connection page cho 3 thit b ang xt.

Heat transfer (truyn nhit)

Bn cng cn phi xc nh cc thng s ca dng nng lng vo
thng bng cch cung cp tn ca dng nng lng trn Connection
Page. Trong m phng tnh thit b tch, cn bng nng lng c
xc nh nh sau:
4

www.thuvien247.net
Hfeed cht ti nhit = Hhi + Hphn nng + Hphn nh
Trong :
Hfeed = nhit do dng nguyn liu mang vo thit b.
Hphn hi = Nhit do hi mang i.
Hphn nng = Nhit do phn lng nng mang i.
Hphnnh = Nhit do phn lng nh mang i.

Parameters Page
Parameters Page cho php bn th hin st p dc theo thit b.
Cc thng s ca thit b c m t nh sau:
Thng s
Th tch thit b
Liquid level SP
Liquid volume

M t
y l tham s do ngi dng xc nh
Phn trm th tch thit b c cha y
lng. Do ngi dng xc nh
Khng do ngi dng thit lp. Th tch lng
c tnh ton bng lng sn phm i ra
khi th tch thit b v lng lng t cc
phn on.

Physical Parameters (cc thng s vt l).

Ch : Pfeed l tng
gi tr p sut thp
nht ca tt c cc
dng nguyn liu

Cc thng s vt l lin quan n thit b ny l gim p dc

theo thn thit b (P) v th tch thng thit b. gim p c
xc nh bng phng trnh sau:
P = Pv = P1 = Pfeed P
Trong :

Th tch thng thit

b cn thit trong m
phng tnh khi m
phng thit b phn
ng loi khuy l
tng (CSTR), bi v
l thng s cn
thit xc nh thi
gian lu

P = p sut trong thng thit b.

Pv = p sut ca pha hi (sn phm)
Pl = p sut ca pha lng (sn phm)
Pfeed = p sut dng nguyn liu
P = gim p trong thng thit b

Mc nh gim p trong thng bng khng.

Th tch thit b, cng vi vic t gi tr mc cht lng hoc dng
cht lng, xc nh mc cht lng trong thng thit b. Lng cht
lng, hoc mc cht lng trong thng thit b mt thi im no
c cho bi biu thc sau:
Mc cht lng = th tch thng thit b

PV (%)
100
5

www.thuvien247.net
Trong PV(%): l mc cht lng trong thng thit b thi im t.
Gi tr mc nh th tch thng thit b bng 2m3.

User Variables Page

Trang User Variables page cho php bn to ra v thc hin cc
bin c m phng trong HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic
trin khai thc hin: dng User Variables, xem User Variables
trong cc chng Customization Guide.

Notes Page (ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho dng vn bn trong ni
chung bn c th ghi li bt k cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan
n cc thao tc hoc gn lin vi m phng ca bn.
6.1.3 Reactions Tabs

Results Page
C th thit lp phn ng cho cc thit b SEPARATOR, 3-PHASE
SEPARATOR hoc TANK. Bn cng c th thit lp phn ng
trong h thng bng cch la chn t danh sch c ko th xung
(Reaction set). Thng bo trng thi s c hin th pha di
(ready or not ready) cho phn ng c la chn.

Phn ng v thng tin v cu t thnh phn phn ng c hin th

hp thoi Reaction Results. Chn Reaction Balance bit c
6

www.thuvien247.net
thng tin tng cc cu t trong dng vo, phn ng tng cng v
thng tin tng cc cu t trong dng ra.
Chn Reaction Extents xem phn trm chuyn ha, cc cu t
chnh, hng s cn bng, nh gi mc phn ng. Bn cng c
th xem thng tin m t cc phn ng bng cch chn View Global
Rxn.
6.1.4 Rating Tab (nh gi)
Bn s dng
thng tin Rating
Tab ch khi m
phng ng

Rating Tab bao gm Sizing page v Heat Loss Page. Thng tin v
cc trang ny khng cp n trong m phng tnh. bit thm
thng tin v cc trang ny xem trong hng dn m phng ng
(Dynamic Modeling Guide, section 7.1.1-Rating Tab)

Sizing page
Trong trang ny bn c th thit lp cc kch thc hnh hc ca
thit b.

Heat Loss Page

Trong trang ny bn c th thit lp Heat Loss Model vi cc
thng s cn thit ng vi mi model.
Vessel Geometry
7

www.thuvien247.net
Th tch v hnh dng ca thit b c xc nh trong nhm
geometry. Kch thc hnh hc ca thit b bao gm th tch v
hnh dng ca thit b, rt quan trng trong vic xc nh lng cht
lng c cha trong thit b, hay chiu cao mc cht lng, c hai
dng chnh ca thit b c m t bng sau:
Dng thit b
Dng hnh cu
Dng hnh tr

M t
Thit b c ch to theo dng cu, c th
xc nh th tch thit b bng ng knh
Xc nh th tch thit b bng ng knh
y v chiu cao tr. T l chiu cao v
ng knh mc nh l 3/2

Weir (vch chy trn ca thit b)

Cha cc thng tin v vch chy trn ca thit b, c thit lp

bng cch nhn nt weir trong th sizing.
Thit lp cho tt c cc dng ca separation operations
8

www.thuvien247.net
Boot Geometry

H thng thit b c th c thit lp vi 1 boot. Boot l thng s

c a vo khi c 2 pha lng tn ti trong thit b (phn tch 3
pha). Cht lng nng thot ra t u phun, cht lng nh thot ra t
1 u phun khc.

Trong hysys, boot ny c thm vo bng cch chn hp This

separator has a boot.
6.1.5 Worksheet Tab
Trong Worksheet Tab cha cc thng tin v cc tnh cht ha l
ca tt c cc dng vo thit b. Worksheet Tab c cc trang
Condition, Properties v Composition cha cc thng tin tng
ng ca cc dng. PF specs c cc ton b cc thng tin ca
Dynamics tab

www.thuvien247.net

6.1.6 Dynamics Tab

Specs Page
Cc thng tin lin quan c s dng trong m phng ng, bit
thm chi tit xem Dynamic Modeling Guide.
Cha cc thng tin k thut v thit b: hnh dng, thng s ha l,
chi tit v k thut ca thit b cng nh dng nguyn liu (p sut)

Holdup Page
Cha cc thng tin v mc cht lng, hi trong thit b, cng nh
phn mol tng cu t trong thit b.
10

www.thuvien247.net

Stripchart Page
Cho php ngi dng thit lp cc bin dng th lin h gia
cc bin vi nhau. Chn cc bin trong hp kim v nhn greate
stripchart page to th lin h gia cc bin.

6.1.7 V d v thit b tch 3-pha

Biu tng
New Case

V d ny minh ho v thit b tch 3-pha. Thit lp New Case vi

cc thng s sau y:
Property Package

Components

Peng Robinson

C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, H2O

Thit lp dng, t tn dng Feed vi cc thng s sau:

11

www.thuvien247.net
Dng nguyn liu Feed
Tab [Page]

Worksheet
[Conditions]

Thng s
Temperature [C]
Presure [kPa]
Molar Flow [kgmole/hr]
Methane Mole Fraction
Ethane Mole Fraction
Propane Mole Fraction
i-Butane Mole Fraction
n-Butane Mole Fraction
i-Pentane Mole Fraction
n-Pentane Mole Fraction
H2O Mole Fraction

Gi tr nhp
20.0000
200.0000
100.0000
0.1000
0.0300
0.0400
0.0800
0.1000
0.1200
0.1300
0.4000

Lu dng c 3 pha. Bn cn chc chn l dng c nhp y

cc thng s cn thit.
Biu tng thit
b tch 3-pha

Ci t thit b tch 3-pha. Trn trang Connections Page ca

Degine Tab, nhp cc thng tin trong bng sau:
3-PHASE SEPARATOR [3-Phase Separator]
Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]

Thng s
Feeds
Vapour
Light Liquid
Heavy Liquid

Gi tr nhp
Feed
Vapour
Light
Heavy

Giao din trn Worksheet Tab th hin cc thng s nhp vo:

12

www.thuvien247.net
6.2 Shortcut column

Biu tng
Shortcut Column

Shortcut column (shortcut distillation) thc hin tnh ton theo

Fenske-Underwood c s dng cho thp chng luyn c hi lu
n gin. S a nh nht Fenske v ch s hi lu nh nht
Underwood c tnh ton. Ch s hi lu c s dng tnh
ton lng hi v lng lng ti cc phn chng v phn luyn,
nhit ngng t, nhit un si y thp, s a l thuyt, v v tr
nhp liu ti u.
SHORTCUT DISTILLATION ch dng c tnh cc thng s
ca thp chng c hi lu. c kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi thc
t cn phi tnh ton bng COLUMN.
khi ng SHORTCUT COLUMN nhn phm F12 v chn
Shortcut Column t Unit Ops View hoc chn Shortcut Column
trong Object Palette (bng cc biu tng m phng thit b).
6.2.1 Design Tab

Connections Page
Giao din Conection Page ca Design Tab ca SHORTCUT
COLUMN nh trong hnh di. Dng nguyn liu, sn phm nh,
sn phm y, nhit ngng t, nhit un si y thp c xc nh.
Sn phm nh c th xc nh ti dng hi t nh hoc dng
chng ct tu thuc vo vic la chn trong bng chn Top
Product Phase. Tn ca thit b cng c xc nh ti y.
Bn c th xc nh
sn phm lng hoc
hi trn nh thp
bng cch chn trong
hp Top Product
Phase

13

www.thuvien247.net
Tng t, vi cc dng nguyn liu v sn phm, phi nhp cc
thng s cn thit v t tn cho cc dng , sau ta chn ln kt
vi thit b bng cch t tn dng, sau chuyn sang parameters
khai bo cc thng s cn thit.

Parameters Page
SHORTCUT COLUMN yu cu phi xc nh cu t kho (keys
components) nng v nh. Cu t kho nh l cu t d bay hi
hn trong s hai cu t chnh c tch ra. Cc cu t kho c s
dng xc nh cc sn phm ca qu trnh chng. Cu t kho
nh trong sn phm y v cu t kho nng trong sn phm nh
ch l cu t yu cu xc nh.
Trong hp Components chn cc cu t kho, la chn Light Key
v Heavy Key t danh sch v nhp phn mol tng ng. Nh vy
l c hai cu t kho cho sn phm nh v y. C th xc nh
trong khong rng cc gi tr cho php. Tuy nhin nu xy ra vn
th mt hoc c hai cu t kho phi thay i.

Xc nh bin thin p sut trong thp chng bng cch chn

Condenser Pressure v Reboiler Pressure trong hp chn Pressures.
Ch s hi lu ti thiu s c hin th khi cc tham s cn thit
c nhp y trong Conections Page v hai hp chn
Components v Pressures nu trn.
14

www.thuvien247.net
Tip theo bn cn nhp External Reflux Ratio c s dng trong
tnh ton vn hnh ca a chng, nhit lng ngng t v un si
y thp, s a l thuyt v v tr a nhp liu ti u.
6.2.2 Rating Tab
Khng th nhp v nh gi thng tin vi rating tab ca
SHORTCUT COLUMN.
6.2.3 Worksheet Tab
Worksheet Tab cung cp cc thng tin v cc dng vt liu ging
nh trong workbook. Tuy nhin, trang ny ch hin th cc dng c
lin quan n SHORTCUT COLUMN.
6.2.4 Performance tab
Kim tra kt qu tnh ca SHORTCUT COLUMN. Cc kt qu ph
hp vi gi tr External Reflux Ratio c nhp ban u ti
Parameters Page.

Giao din ny a ra thng tin ha l ca h thng sau khi c

tnh ton, khai bo y .

15

www.thuvien247.net
Cc kt qu nhn c l:
Kt qu tnh thp

M t

Minimum Number of Trays

S a ti thiu Fenske, i lng ny

khng b nh hng bi External
Reflux Ratio

Actual Number of Trays

c tnh ton bng phng php

Gilliland

Optimal Feed Stage

m bo t hiu sut tch ti u

Condenser and Reboiler

Temperature

Cc i lng ny khng b nh
hng bi External Reflux Ratio

Rectifying Section Vapour

and Liquid traffic flow rates

L gi tr trung bnh lu lng dng

pha trn a np liu

Stripping Section Vapour

and Liquid traffic flow rates

L gi tr trung bnh lu lng dng

bn di a np liu

Condenser and Reboiler

Duties

Cc gi tr nhit lng c tnh ton

bi Hysys

6.2.5 Dynamics Tab

SHORTCUT COLUMN hin ti tnh ton trong m phng tnh do
khng hin th cc gi tr trong Dynamics Tab.
6.2.6 Shortcut Column Example
V d sau y xy dng SHORTCUT COLUMN cho thp tch
propan in hnh c dng Feed l dng nguyn liu vo thp. Bt
u to case vi cc tnh cht sau:
Property Package

Components

Peng Robinson

C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6

16

www.thuvien247.net
To dng nguyn liu vi cc tham s sau:
MATERIAL STREAM [Feed]
Tab [Page]
V tr nhp s liu
Temperature [F]
Pressure [psia]
Molar Flow [lbmole/hr]
Ethane Mole Frac
Worksheet
Propane Mole Frac
[Conditions]
i-Butane Mole Frac
n-Butane Mole Frac
i-Pentane Mole Frac
n-Pentane Mole Frac
n-Hexane Mole Frac

Biu tng
Shortcut Column

Gi tr nhp vo
207.37
100.0000
1271.5190
0.0148
0.7315
0.0681
0.1462
0.0173
0.0150
0.0071

Khi ng SHORTCUT COLUMN trong case. Ti Connections

page ca Design tab, in cc thng tin vo cc v tr tng ng
SHORTCUT COLUMN [Depropanizer]
Tab [Page]
V tr nhp thng tin
Feed
Distillate
Bottoms
Design
[Connections]
Condenser Duty
Reboiler Duty
Top Product Phase

Thng tin nhp vo

Feed
Distillate
Bottoms
Cond Q
Reb Q
Liquid

Nhp cc thng tin sau trn Parameters page ca Design tab:

SHORTCUT COLUMN [Depropanizer]
Tab [Page]
V tr nhp thng tin
Light Key in Bottom

Design
[Parameters]

Heavy Key in
Distillate
Condenser Pressure
Reboiler Pressure
External Reflux Ratio

Thng tin nhp vo

Component - Propane
Mole Fraction - 0.025
Component - i-Butane
Mole Fraction -0.020
100 psia
103 psia
1.5

17

www.thuvien247.net
Hysys s t ng tnh ton gi tr Minimum Reflux Ratio l 0.979

Kt qu
Vi gi tr Reflux Ratio bng 1.5 kt qu tnh ton sau s hin th
trn Performance tab

6.3 Component Splitter

Biu tng
Component Splitter

Vi COMPONENT SPLITTER, dng nguyn liu c chia lm 2

dng ring bit da trn nhng thng s c khai bo ban u.
Bn cn nhp thng tin cn thit v thnh phn ca mi dng ra
khi thit b phn chia dng Component Splitter i vo dng sn
phm nh. y l cng c tnh ton cc qu trnh phn chia c
bit v khng tiu chun ch c trong Hysys.
ci t COMPONENT SPLITTER, bm phm F12 v chn
Component Splitter t Unit Ops view hoc chn biu tng
Component Splitter trn Object Palette (bng cc biu tng m
phng thit b)
6.3.1 Nguyn l
Component Splitter tho mn cn bng vt liu vi mi cu t:
fi= ai + bi
Trong :
fi l lng mol cu t i trong dng nguyn liu
ai l lng mol cu t i trong sn phm nh
bi l lng mol cu t i trong sn phm y.

18

www.thuvien247.net
Lng mol cu t trong dng sn phm nh v y c tnh ton
theo cc biu thc sau:
ai= xifi
bi= (1-xi)fi
Trong : xi l phn cu t i trong sn phm nh
Tng cu t, phn on hi v p sut dng ra khi thit b bit,
cn P-VF tch c tnh ton theo cc gi tr nhit v nhit
lng ca cc dng.
Cn bng nhit lng tng cng trong thit b c tnh ton theo
nhit lng ca dng:
hE = hF hO hB
Trong :
hE : Enthalpy ca dng nng lng cha bit gi tr
hF : Enthalpy ca dng nguyn liu
hO : Enthalpy ca sn phm nh
hB : Enthalpy ca sn phm y
6.3.2 Design Tab

Connections page
Trn Connections page, bn cn nhp y cc thng s ca mt
s khng gii hn cc dng nguyn liu vo Component Splitter.
Cc dng sn phm nh v sn phm y cng cn c nhp cc
thng s cn thit, v c mt s lng khng gii hn cc dng
nng lng cng phi c nhp y cc thng s.

19

www.thuvien247.net
Mt trong s cc dng nng lng cn phi c gi tr nng lng
cha xc nh c th tnh c cn bng nng lng.

Parameters Tab
Ti y hin th cc thng s dng c nhp vo, bao gm c
phn on hi v p sut ca cc dng sn phm nh v y.

Splits page
Cc phn on c phn tch (splits hoc separation fractions)
trong khong t 0 ti 1, phi c nhp cc gi tr thnh phn ca
mi cu t trong dng sn phm nh v sn phm y ra khi
Component Splitter. S lng sn phm y nhp mt ln phn
on nh bit.
C hai phm trong Splits page l All 1 v All 0 s dng nhp
phn on nh (Overhead Fractions) nhn gi tr 1 (100%) hoc 0
(0%), tng ng cho tt c cc cu t. Nhng phm ny c ch nu
c nhiu cu t c tch t dng nguyn liu vo sang cc dng
sn phm nh hoc y. V d nh phn ln cc cu t i ra
nh, n gin ch vic chn phm All 1, tin hn lp li nhiu ln
s 1. Sau hiu chnh li s phn chia cc cu t khng ra nh.

20

www.thuvien247.net
User Variables Page
Ti y bn c th thit lp cc phng n (User Variables) kt
hp vi COMPONENT SPLITTER lm tng kh nng tnh
ton trong case ca bn. bit thm thng tin c chng User
Variables ca ti liu hng dn Customization Guide.

Notes Page (ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho dng vn bn trong ni
chung bn c th ghi li bt k cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan
n cc thao tc hoc gn lin vi m phng COMPONENT
SPLITTER ca bn.
6.3.3 Rating Tab (nh gi)
Bn s dng
thng tin Rating
Tab ch khi m
phng ng

Rating Tab khng ra cc thng tin v Component Splitter trong

m phng tnh. bit thm thng tin v cc trang ny xem trong
hng dn m phng ng (Dynamic Modeling Guide)
6.3.4 Worksheet Tab
Trong Worksheet Tab cha cc thng tin ging nh trong
Material Streams page trong Workbook. Tuy nhin trn trang ny
ch hin th cc dng hin ti c lin quan n Component
Splitter.
6.3.5 Dynamics tab
Cha cc thng tin ch s dng trong m phng ng. bit thm
thng tin v m phng ng, c trong ti liu hng dn HYSYS
Dynamic Modeling Guide.
6.3.6 V d
V d sau minh ho chi tit s dng Component Splitter. Dng 1
l sng nguyn liu; dng 2 l dng sn phm nh, v dng 3 l
dng sn phm y. Dng nng lng l Q-100.
Thit lp case vi Fluid Package sau:
Property Package

Components

Peng-Robinson

Ethane, Propane, i-Butane, n-Butane,

i-Pentane, n-Pentane, n-Hexane
21

www.thuvien247.net
Dng 1 l dng nguyn liu c cc thng s sau:
MATERIAL STREAM [1]
Tab [Page]

Worksheet
[Conditions]

V tr nhp thng tin

Thng tin nhp vo

Temperature [F]

200.0000

Pressure [psia]

500.0000

Molar Flow [lbmole/hr]

1000.0000

Ethane Mole Frac

0.0148

Propane Mole Frac

0.7315

i-Butane Mole Frac

0.0681

n-Butane Mole Frac

0.1462

i-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0173

n-Pentane Mole Frac

0.0150

n-Hexane Mole Frac

0.0071

Khi ng Component Splitter. Connections page hin th nh

trong hnh sau:
Biu tng
Component Splitter

Nhp cc thng tin vo Parameters page:

Nhp thng s dng sn phm nh trong Splits page

22

www.thuvien247.net

Cc thng s ca cc dng c th xem trong Worksheet tab ca

Component Splitter . Conditions page nh trong hnh sau:

T cc thng tin trn Composition page, cc phn on sn phm

nh c th c kim tra bng cch so snh phn mol cc cu t
trong. dng sn phm. V d phn on propan nh l:
Propane Overhead Fraction = 716.87/731.50 = 0.98

23

www.thuvien247.net

7 - THP

7.1. Lu trnh con (Column Subflowsheet)

7.2. Nguyn l thp (Column Theory)

7.3. Thit lp thp (Column Installation)

13

7.4. Giao din thuc tnh thp (Column Property View)

22

7.5. Cc kiu thuc tnh thp (Column Specification Types)

73

7.6. Cc thit b ph tr (Column-Specific Operations)

84

7.7. Tnh ton thp (Running the Column)

98

7.8. Sa cha li (Column Troubleshooting)

100

7.9. Ti liu tham kho (References)

105

www.thuvien247.net

7.1. Column subflowsheet (lu trnh con ca thp)

Thng tin chi tit v
thao tc lu trnh
con, xem chapter
2-Flowseet
Acchitecture trong
ti liu hng dn
s dng Users
Guide

Thp l mt loi thit b c bit ca Subflowsheet (lu trnh con)

trong HYSYS. Subflowsheet gm thit b, dng v trao i thng tin
vi flowsheet (lu trnh chnh) thng qua nhng dng kt ni bn
trong v bn ngoi thit b. T mi trng m phng chnh, thp hot
ng vi mt hoc nhiu nguyn liu, mt hoc nhiu sn phm.
Trong nhiu trng hp c th x l thp chnh xc theo cc phng
thc .
C th lm vic bn trong Column subflowsheet. C th tp trung
s ch vo thp. Khi vo mi trng xy dng thp, m phng chnh
l b nh cache. Tt c cc hng ca mi trng chnh c tm
ngng cho n khi kt thc v ra khi mi trng xy dng thp. Khi
tr li mi trng chnh, trn mn hnh s xut hin li nh khi ri
khi trc .

Trong chng ny
s dng cc thuc
tnh v cc bn mu
ca thp. Section
7.6 Column-Specific
Operations, m t
cc hot ng c
c trong mi
trng xy dng
thp.

Cng c th vo mi trng xy dng thp khi mun thit lp mt cu

hnh thp ty . Bn cnh thit b nh cc loi my bm, cc thit b
phn tch, cc thit b chng ct c th c thm t Column property
view trong phn m phng chnh. Tuy nhin, nu mun thit lp nhiu
thp (s c minh ha trong v d thp) cn vo mi trng xy
dng thp. Mt mt c th truy cp vo cc thao tc c th ca thp
(tray section, heaters, coolers, condensers, reboilers...) v xy dng
thp nh mong mun mt lu trnh khc no .

Xem chapter
2flowsheet
architecture trong
users guide cho 1
v d thp mu.

Nu mun thit lp mt thp mu theo yu cu s dng trong m

phng khc, la chn file-new trn menu bar v chn column t menu
bn. T thp mu ny, truy cp vo cc mi trng xy dng thp trc
tip t Basis environment. Mt khi to ra cc bn mu c th lu
vo a. Trc khi ci t bn mu trong cc m phng khc nhau,
chc chn rng hp thoi Use Input Experts trong giao din Session
Preferences view l trng.
2

www.thuvien247.net

Column Subflowsheet cung cp mt s li th:

-

C lp ca cng c tnh ton thp

S dng ty cc gi thuc tnh khc nhau
Cu trc ca cc thp mu theo yu cu
Kh nng tnh ton ng thi nhiu thp.

Tnh c lp ca qu trnh tnh ton thp (Isolation of Column Solver)

Trong Column
subflowsheet, bn
c th xem
workbook hay PFD
cho lu trnh chnh
bng vic s dng
Workbook hay PFD
ti Tools trn thanh
Menu.

Mt u im ca mi trng xy dng thp l cho php hon thnh

nhng trao i v tp trung trn thp m khng i hi mt s tnh
ton li ton b lu trnh. Khi vo mi trng xy dng thp, HYSYS
s lm sch mn hnh bng vic quan st tt c b nh c sn c m
ra khi bt u lu trnh chnh. Cc ca s m trc lm vic trong
mi trng xy dng thp li c m ra.
Trong mi trng xy dng thp, c th truy cp nhng thuc tnh,
bng tm tt cc giai on v cc d liu khc cng nh l lm thay
i cc thuc tnh ca thp, cc thng s, thit b, cc h s hay cc
phn ng. Khi thc hin nhng thay i cn thit, cho thp hot
ng bng cch nhn phm run a ra mt gii php hi t mi.
Lu trnh chnh s khng c tnh ton li cho n khi tr v mi
trng xy dng chnh.
Khi ang lm vic trong mi trng xy dng thp, thc s ang lm
vic bn trong lu trnh con ca thp (Column subflowsheets). Do ,
khi kch vo Workbook hay PFD, s thy Workbook hoc PFD ca
thp ch khng phi ca lu trnh chnh.
Mi trng ca lu trnh con cho php d dng truy cp ti tt c cc
dng v cc thao tc c kt hp vi thp. Nu mun truy cp
thng tin v dng sn phm ca thp, xem Column workbook, hin th
cc thng tin v thp.
H nhit ng c lp (Independent Fluid Package)
HYSYS cho php xc nh Fluid Package duy nht cho Column
Subflowsheet. Mt s v d cho thy nhng tin ch khi s dng Fluid
Package c lp:
3

www.thuvien247.net

Nu mt thp khng s dng tt c cc cu t trong lu trnh

chnh, thng xc nh mt Fluid Package mi ch vi cc cu t
cn thit. N s tng tc tnh ton thp.
Trong mt s trng hp, mt Fluid Package khc c th ph hp
hn vi cc iu kin ca thp. V d, mong mun xc nh li cc
tham s tng tc trong khong hot ng ca thp.
Trong m phng ng, nhng thp khc nhau c th hot ng ti
nhit v p sut khc nhau. Vi mi Fluid Package, c th xc
nh mt m hnh ng khc vi thng s c th thay i trong
khong nhit v p sut thch hp, v th, nng cao c tnh
chnh xc v n nh ca m phng ng.
Kh nng thit lp cu hnh thp tu theo yu cu ca ngi s
dng (Ability to construct Custom Column Configurations)
Tp hp nhng thp
ty thch v nhiu
thp li c th c
m phng bn trong
mt subflowsheet
bng cch s dng
s kt ni cc thit b
trong subflowsheet.
S thp c thit
lp theo cch ging
nh xy dng trong
lu trnh chnh: truy
cp cc thao tc
khc nhau, kt ni
thch hp v nh
ngha cc thng s.

Cu hnh ca thp ty theo yu cu c th c lu tr nh cc thp

mu v c s dng li cho cc m phng khc. thit lp mt thp
mu ty theo yu cu chn New v sau chn Column t File trong
Menu Bar. Khi lu tr cc thp mu, file lu s c ui .col.
C nhiu cch khc nhau xc nh cu hnh thp v c th xc nh
thp vi nhiu mc t hp khc nhau. C th s dng mt tp hp
rng cc thao tc ca thp sao cho thp hot ng n gin v linh
hot.
S dng thut ton gii ng thi (Use of simultaneous solution
algorithm)
Column subflowsheet s dng thut ton gii ng thi nh tt c
thao tc trong phm vi ca subflowsheet c gii quyt ng thi. S

Thit b ph tr
(bm, thp
tch,...) c
thm vo t
Column
property view.

gii quyt ng thi cho php ngi s dng c th ci t nhiu n

v hot ng trong phm vi subflowsheet (v d cc thp c ni vi
nhau) khng cn cng c recycle.
Bng thuc tnh ca thp (The Column Property Vview)
4

www.thuvien247.net

Column Property View (biu din thuc tnh ca thp trong lu trnh
chnh) v bn cht cung cp cho truy cp ton din cc thuc tnh ca
thp. c th vo Column subflowsheet thm ph kin mi cho thit
b, v d nh b sung Tray Section hay Reboilers.

T Column Property View, c th thay i kt ni nguyn liu vo

v sn phm, cc thuc tnh, cc thng s, p sut, nh gi, hiu qu,
cc phn ng, cc thao tc, v xem profiles, worksheet, v Summary.
cng c th chy thp t main flowsheet (lu trnh chnh) nh t
Column subflowsheet (lu trnh con ca thp). iu ny c m t
trong Section 7.4-Column Prroperty View.
Nu thc hin
mt thay i cho
thp khi bt u
lm vic hay
ang xy dng
thp trong mi
trng chnh, c
thp v lu trnh
ban u s c
t ng tnh li.

Nu mun thc hin mt thay i nh cho mt hot ng ca thp

(v d, thay i kch thc bnh ngng) c th thc hin thao tc ny
bng cch s dng Object Navigator m khng cn vo Column
subflowsheet. Khi c thay i ln, v d nh thm mt b a th 2,
i hi vo Column subflowsheet. truy cp mi trng xy dng
thp, chn phm Column Environment ti pha di ca Column
Property view.
Quan h lu trnh chnh v lu trnh con (Main/column
subflowsheet relationship)
Khng ging hot ng ca cc thit b m phng khc, thp c lu
trnh con ca ring n, c t trong lu trnh chnh. Khi ang lm
5

www.thuvien247.net

vic trong lu trnh chnh, thp xut hin nh cc thit b m phng

khc, vi u vo v u ra ca cc dng v mt s cc thng s iu
chnh khc nhau. Nu c s thay i bt c mt thng s c bn no
ca thp, c thp v lu trnh chnh (parent flowsheets) s c tnh
ton li.
Khi thit lp thp, HYSYS to ra mt lu trnh con (subflowsheet)
bao gm tt c cc thit b v dng c kt hp vi thp mu
chn. Lu trnh con ny (subflowsheet) hot ng nh l mt thit b
trong lu trnh chnh (main flowsheet). Hnh di y m t Column
subflowsheet trong main flowsheet.

Khi nim Lu trnh chnh / Lu trnh con (Main Flowsheet /

Subflowsheet Concept)
Xt qu trnh hp th Hi Lng loi CO2 t dng kh s dng
dung mi l H2O. Mt phng php in hnh thit lp bi ton s
l nh sau:
1. To dng kh nguyn liu, FeedGas, v dng dung mi nc,
WaterIn, trong main flowsheet (lu trnh chnh).
6

www.thuvien247.net

2. Chn phm Absorber t Object Palette v cung cp cc tn dng,

s a, p sut v cc s liu c tnh. ng thi, phi cung cp tn
ca cc dng ra: kh sch, CleanGas v nc ra, WaterOut.
3. Bt u tnh ton: bm vo phm Run t lu trnh chnh c giao
din th hin cc thuc tnh ca thp (main flowsheet Column
property view).
Khi kt ni cc dng n thp, HYSYS to ra cc dng bn trong cng
tn. Cc im kt ni hoc nh du s kt ni cc dng trong lu
trnh chnh (main flowsheet) n cc dng trong lu trnh con
(subflowsheet) v to iu kin truyn thng tin gia hai lu trnh.
Chng hn, dng WaterIn trong lu trnh chnh c kt ni n
dng WaterIn trong lu trnh con.
Ch rng nhng dng c kt ni khng cn thit c cng cc
thng s - tt c gi tr c thit lp s ging nhau, nhng cc bin
dng c tnh ton c th khc nhau ph thuc vo Fluid Packages
v Transfer Basis.
Khi ang lm vic trong mi trng m phng chnh, s thy thp nh
cc thit b m phng khc, vi mt bng tnh cht c cc thng s
nh s bc v p sut y, nh. Nu thay i mt trong s cc
thng s ny lu trnh con s tnh ton li (ngay khi bm phm Run);
lu trnh chnh cng s tnh li mt ln na a ra mt gii php
Ch rng nu
xa bt c mt
dng c kt
ni vi thp
trong lu trnh
chnh nhng
dng ny cng
s b xa trong
lu trnh con.

mi cho thp.
Tuy nhin, nu ang trong mi trng xy dng lu trnh con ca
thp, c ngha l ang lm vic trong mt lu trnh khc hon ton.
thc hin mt thay i ln i vi thp nh thm mt reboiler, cn
phi vo Column subflowsheet build enviroment. Khi vo mi trng
ny, main flowsheet t ch ch cho n khi quay li.

www.thuvien247.net

7.2. Nguyn l thp (Column Theory)

Thp chng ct nhiu phn on, nh chng ct du th v chng ct
chn khng, thp tch metan, v thp chng ct chit tch l cc thit
b phc tp nht c m phng trong HYSYS. Ph thuc vo h
thng c m phng, mi thp ny gm mt lot cc trng thi phn
tch pha cn bng hoc khng cn bng.
Hi i ln pha trn qua cc a v lng i xung pha di thp qua
cc a. Mt a c th c mt hoc nhiu dng tip xc vi nhau ti
mi a , sn phm lng hoc hi c ly ra t y. V n c th
c un nng hay lm lnh vi thit b trao i nhit bn sn.
Hnh sau y m t mt a j tiu biu trong mt thp ang s dng s
nh s t trn xung di. a trn l j-1 v a di l j+1. Tn
dng c k hiu trong hnh v sau.

Trong : F = dng nguyn liu

L = dng lng di chuyn xung a pha di
V = dng hi di chuyn ln a pha trn
LSD = dng lng ly ra t a ny
VSD = dng hi ly ra t a ny
Q = dng nng lng vo a ny
C nhiu thp phc tp hn c th dng bm ly lng ra t mt a
ca thp v bm ln a cao hn ca thp. Nhng thp nh, c gi
l thp ct, c th s dng mt s thp h tr cho vic lm sch sn
8

www.thuvien247.net

phm lng. Ngoi tr cc thp chng ct du th, hu ht cc thp s

c tt c cc mc ny, nhng hu nh bt c thp no cng c th
c m phng vi s kt hp ca cc c im.
iu quan trng cn lu rng thp c kh nng thc hin tt c cc
ng dng chng ct khc nhau. HYSYS c kh nng chy cc thp
lm lnh su, h thng hp th TEG p sut cao, thp chng ct nc
chua, thp hp th du, thp chng ct du th, thp chng ct ng
ph khng l tng... Khng gii hn lp trnh cho s lng cc cu t
v s a chng ct. Kch thc thp m c th gii quyt s s ph
thuc vo cu hnh phn cng v dung lng b nh my tnh c.

7.2.1 L thuyt ba pha (Theree Phase Theory)

Vi h khng l tng c nhiu hn 2 cu t, cc ng bao pha c
th tn ti dng hn hp ng ph, m mt h thng chng ct n
gin khng th thc hin c. S to thnh hn hp ng ph trong
h ba pha ngn cn v mt nhit ng tch cc hn hp ha hc.
S chng ct cho h khng l tng thng kh hi t theo cc
gi nh ban u. h tr khi ng ca cc thp Three Phase
Input Expert (Cng c chuyn dng tnh ton ba pha) thit lp cc
nhit u, cc dng chy v nhng cu t. Thng tin chi tit v
Three Phase Distillation Template tnh ton ba pha trong HYSYS
xem trong section 7.3.2-Templates.

Hy xem dng
thng bo (
di cng ca
giao din) v
s hi t ca
thp.

Vi h nhiu cu t khng l tng, DISTIL l mt cng c tuyt vi

cho qu trnh xc nh kh nng x l. Chng trnh phn mm thit
k ny cng c ng dng xc nh v tr a np liu ti u v cho php
xem xt nhng c im k thut ca thp HYSYS s dng nh l
mt nh gi ban u. Nu cn, hy gp cc chuyn gia AEA
Technology khu vc c hng dn chi tit.

7.2.2 Xc nh 3 pha (Detection of Three Phases)

Bt c khi no thp hi t, HYSYS s t ng to Three Phase Flash
(thp tch ba pha) a pha trn. Nu mt pha lng th hai c xc

www.thuvien247.net

nh v khng pht hin dng nc, s c mt thng bo cnh bo

xut hin.
Nu c dng nc, HYSYS s kim tra a tip theo cho pha lng th
hai vi kt qu ging nh trn. iu ny s tip tc thc hin xung
pha di thp cho ti khi tm thy a c hai pha. Ch rng nu a
ba pha nm pha di a hai pha th n s khng c xc nh v
vic kim tra kt thc t trc.
HYSYS s lun lun pht hin s tn ti ca pha lng th hai. iu
ny s tip tc cho ti khi thp tr li cn bng lng hi (VLE
operation), hoc tt c cc a c nc trong .

7.2.3.

Cc khi to ban u (Initial Estimates)

Cc khi to ban u l gi tr tu chn, c cung cp gip thut

ton hi t HYSYS c li gii. Cc d tnh ca tt hn, HYSYS s
hi t nhanh hn. iu quan trng l nh rng cc specs tr thnh cc
gi tr d tnh khi to ban u, v th nu thay th mt trong
nhng specs (dng hi nh, dng cht lng ly ra bn cnh thp hoc
ch s hi lu) vi cc specs mi, gi tr mi tr thnh gi tr khi to
ban u. V vy nn nhp cc gi tr hp l ban u.
Gi tr khi to ban u c th cung cp nh Column Property view
hoc trn Monitor page ca Design tab, trong danh sch specs hoc
trn Estimates page ca Parameters tab. Mc d HYSYS khng yu
cu bt c gi tr c lng hi t, gi tr khi to ban u hp l
s gip cho qu trnh hi t nhanh hn.
Temperatures
Gi tr nhit d tnh c th cho mt a bt k trong thp, bao gm
c bnh ngng v reboiler s dng Estimates page trong Column
property view. Cc nhit trung gian s c tnh gn ng bng
php ni suy tuyn tnh. Khi c s thay i nhit ln xut hin ti
bnh ngng hoc reboiler y, n s gip tnh ton gn ng cc a
nh v y trong on cha cc a ca thp.

10

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng nu sn phm chng ct nh l mt cht lng

qu lnh, tt nht n s c dng cung cp nhit im
bt cho bnh ngng hn l nhit qu lnh.
Quy tc hn hp ti on nhp liu (Mixing rules at feed stages)
Khi dng nguyn liu c a vo on nhp liu ca thp, cc dng
sn phm bn trong c thit lp theo trnh t sau:
1- Dng cu t ca dng vt liu vo (pha lng v hi) c thm vo
cc dng cu t pha hi bn trong v cc pha lng i vo thp.
2- Tng entanpy (cc pha lng v pha hi) ca dng vt liu vo c
thm vo entanpy ca hi bn trong v cc dng lng i vo thp.
3- HYSYS phn tch hn hp trn c s entanpy tng ti p sut on
np liu. Kt qu ca qu trnh ny l a ra cc iu kin v hp
phn ca cc pha lng v hi ri khi on np liu (pha hi i ln
pha trn thp, cn cc pha lng chuyn xung pha di thp)
Trong hu ht cc trng thi vt l, pha hi ca ca dng vt liu
khng tip xc trc tip vi cht lng trn bc tip liu ca n. Tuy
nhin trong trng hp ny, cho php phn chia ton b dng vt liu
thnh cc pha thnh phn trc khi i vo thp. Hp thoi Split feeds
c th c hot ng ti mt trong hai tab sau y:
1. Connections page ca Design tab
2. Setup page ca Flowsheet tab
Cc thuc tnh c bn ca thp (Basic Column Parameters)
Khng ch ti kiu ca thp, Basis Column Parameters gi
nguyn ti gi tr nhp vo ban u trong sut qu trnh hi t.
Pressure
S bin i p sut trong on cha cc a ca thp c tnh ton
bng cch s dng cc thng s ban u nhp vo. c th hoc l
nhp r rng tt c p sut ca on thp ny hoc nhp vo p sut ti
a trn cng v a di cng ca thp (v p sut trung gian bt k)
nh vy HYSYS c th ni suy cc gi tr trung gian xc nh s
11

www.thuvien247.net

bin i p sut bn trong thp. Php ni suy tuyn tnh n gin c

s dng tnh ton p sut trn cc on cha c gi tr chnh xc.
c th nhp chnh xc gim p ti condenser v reboiler trn giao
din ca thit b tng ng. Mc nh gim p cho condenser v
reboiler bng 0, mt gi tr khc 0 l khng cn thit gii php hi t.
Nu p sut ca mt dng sn phm thp (gm c hi hoc lng ly
ra, dng tch t y ca thp, hoc dng bn trong) c thit lp
(hoc l bng cch xc nh ban u hoc bng tnh ton) u tin
chy thp, HYSYS s tr li gi tr ny cho thp v s dng gi tr
ny cho qu trnh hi t. Nu cung cp p sut ca dng cho php
HYSYS tnh ton bin i p sut trong thp, th khng cn thit cung
cp cc gi tr khc trong giao din cc thuc tnh ca thp. Nu sau
ny thay i p sut ca dng vo, thp s c chy li.
Nh li rng mi ln thc hin thay i trong mt dng, HYSYS
kim tra tt c cc hot ng c gn ti dng v tnh ton li
theo yu cu.
S a (The number of stages)
S cc on m xc nh cho a cha a khng bao gm condenser
(thit b ngng t trn nh thp) v reboiler (thit b un si y
thp), nu c. Nu thp tch bn sn c thm vo thp th cc
on ca chng cng khng bao gm trong s ny. Theo mc nh,
HYSYS nh s on t trn xung di. Nu mong mun, c th
thay i cch nh s t di ln trn bng cch la chn s ny
trn Connections page ca Design tab.
HYSYS x l bc u cc on trong thp coi nh l l tng. Nu
mun cc on trong thp c x l nh l cc on thc t, phi khai
bo li cc h s trn Efficiencies page ca Parameters tab. Mt khi
cung cp cc h s cho cc on, ngay c khi nu gi tr ghi r l 1,
HYSYS s x l cc on l thc.
Dng vo (Feed stream)
Cc v tr dng cp liu, cc iu kin v thnh phn c x l nh l
thuc tnh c bn ca thp trong sut qu trnh hi t.
12

www.thuvien247.net

7.3. Thit lp thp (Column Installation)

Bc u tin trong vic thit lp thp l quyt nh kiu thp nh s
dng. S la chn ph thuc vo loi thit b (v d, REBOILER v
CONDENSER) m cu hnh thp yu cu. HYSYS c mt s mu thp
c bn (xy dng trc cu hnh ca thp) c th c s dng cho
vic thit lp mt thp mi. Cc kiu thp c bn:
Basic column types
Absorber (Thp hp th)
Liquid- liquid extractor
(Thp chit lng lng)

M t
Ch c thp a
Ch c thp a

Reboiled absorber (thit b Thp a v mt thit b un si

hp th c un si y thp) y thp
Refluxed absorber (thit b Thp a v thit b ngng t
hp th hi lu)
nh thp
Distillation (Thp chng)
Thp a vi thit b un si y
thp v thit b ngng t.
Ngoi ra cn c nhng loi thp phc tp hn:
Complex Column types
3 Sidestripper Crude
Column

4 Sidestripper Crude
Column

FCCU Main Fractionator

M t
Gm thp a, reboiler, condenser,
3 thit b ti bay hi, 3 my bm
hi lu cnh sn tng ng.
Gm thp a, reboiler, condenser,
thit b ti bay hi c un si
bay hi ln trn, 3 thit b ti bay
hi dng hi nc p sut thp v
3 my bm hi lu cnh sn
tng ng.
Gm thp a, condenser, mt bm
hi lu ln trn v ng tho sn
phm, gia thp c hai dng sn
phm t thit b ti bay hi: mt
dng tho sn phm cn mt dng
hi lu li thp, mt bm hi lu
xung di v tho sn phm, v
mt bm sc hi lu y thp.
13

www.thuvien247.net

Three phase distillation

Wet Vacuum Tower

Gm thp a, condenser ba pha,

reboiler. Condenser c th xc lp
hoc l c trng ha hc hoc l
hydrocacbon.
Gm thp a, hai v tr tho sn
phm cnh sn vi bm hi lu
v a ra bng dng du lnh c
hi nc xc vo pha bn di
vng chng.

7.3.1 Input Experts

Hng dn chi
tit cch truy
cp Session
Preferences
view, xem
section 7.7.5
Preferences
trong Users
Guide references

Input Experts ch dn v cch thit lp thp. C 6 thp mu tiu

chun sau y:
1Thit b hp th
2Thit b Trch ly lng lng
3Thit b hp th c un si y thp
4Thit b hp th c hi lu
5Thit b chng ct
6Thit b chng ct 3 pha
Chi tit lin quan ti mi mu thp c tm tt trong Section 7.3.2Templates. Mi Input Expert c cc trang d liu trong phi cung
cp y cc thng tin yu cu trc khi sang trang khc. Khi
lm vic qua tt c cc trang, s phi cung cp cc thng tin c bn
c yu cu xy dng thp ca . Sau s t trong Column
property view (bng tnh cht ca thp) cho php truy cp hu ht cc
c tnh ca thp.
Ch rng khng cn thit s dng Input Experts thit lp thp.
c th disable v enable s dng Input Experts trn Simulation page
trong Section Preferences view. Nu khng s dng Input Experts,
c th chuyn ngay n Column Property view khi thit lp thp
mi.

7.3.2 Cc m hnh thp (Templates)

Trong HYSYS c mt s m hnh thp gip cho vic thit lp thp
c n gin thun tin.
14

www.thuvien247.net

Column Template l cu hnh c thit k chi tit cho cc kiu thp

ni chung, bao gm Absorber, Reboiled v Refluxed Absorbers,
Distillation Towers, v Crude Columns. Trong cu hnh ca
Column Template bao gm thp v cc dng cn thit cho cc loi
thp c th, cng nh cc tham s mc nh.

Bm phm F12 c giao din nh hnh trn, theo nhp thp mi

vo s thit k ca mnh. Tt c cc m hnh thp c th xem c
bng cch chn Prebuilt Columns (nh trong hnh).
Khi nhp thp mi vo s , HYSYS s a ra cc m hnh thp
la chn. Chn m hnh c cu hnh ph hp nht cho thit k ca
mnh, nhp cc thng tin cn thit ti giao din Input Expert view, v
HYSYS s khi to thp vi cc dng cho thp trong Column
Subflowsheet. Cc dng sn sng lin kt vi thp, ch cn thay i
nhng thng tin cn thit nh tn dng, tn thp,cho ph hp vi
yu cu.
Khi la chn phm Side Ops trn trang cui cng ca Column Input
Expert, giao din Side Operations Input Expert s c m ra, theo
thc hin qu trnh nhp cc thit b cnh sn cho thp.
Ngoi ra trn c s cc m hnh thp c bn ca HYSYS, c th a
thm vo cc m hnh thp c cu hnh ph hp hn vi thit k ca
mnh (Custom Column Template).
15

www.thuvien247.net

Cc quy c v Thp trong HYSYS

Column TRAY SECTIONS, Overhead CONDENSERS v Bottom
REBOILERS l cc b phn trong thnh phn ca thp. Condensers
v Reboilers khng phi l a c nh s th t, v c kt cu tch
ring khi thn thp chnh cha cc a (Tray Section). Bng sau a
ra mt vi quy c, nh ngha v m t ca thp c bn.
Column
Component

Description

Tray Section

C cha cc a cn bng trong thp. Cc

a c nh s t 1 n N

Stages

Cc a c nh s t trn xung hoc t

di ln ty theo la chn.

Overhead Vapor
Product

Sn phm hi nh thp l phn hi i ra t

a trn cng ca thp (vi thp hp th v
thp hp th c Reboiler). Trong thp hp
th c hi lu v thp chng, sn phm hi
nh thp l hi i ra t b phn ngng t
(Condenser)

Overhead Liquid
Product

Sn phm lng nh thp l phn ct

(Distillate) i ra t t b phn ngng t
(Condenser) trong thp hp th c hi lu
v thp chng. Trong thp hp th v thp
hp th c Reboiler khng c sn phm lng
nh thp.

Bottom Liquid
Product

Sn phm lng y thp l phn lng i ra

t a di cng ca thp hp th v thp
hp th c Reboiler. Trong thp hp th c
hi lu v thp chng, sn phm lng y
thp l phn lng i ra t Reboiler.

Overhead
Condenser

Ngng t nh thp bao gm b phn lm

lnh v thp tch, v khng nh s th t.

Bottom Reboiler

un si y thp bao gm b phn gia nhit

v thp tch, v cng khng nh s th t
16

www.thuvien247.net

Cc tham s mc nh c th thay th c
Cc tham s c th thay th c l cc gi tr m thut ton hi t c
gng t ti. Khi chn mt m hnh thp hoc khi thm vo thp
thit b bn cnh sn, HYSYS thit lp cc tham s mc nh. C th
s dng gi tr cc tham s m HYSYS mc nh, hoc thay th gi tr
khc ph hp hn theo yu cu.
Cc gi tr mc nh c th thay th ph thuc vo Basic Column type
(kiu thp) chn. Cc gi tr mc nh cho bn loi m hnh thp c
bn l:
p sut trn cc a,
condenser hoc
reboiler c th c
xc nh bt c lc
no trn Pressure
Page ca Column
Property view

Lu lng hi nh thp
Lu lng phn ct (Distillate)
Lu lng dng y
Ch s hi lu
Tc hi lu

Cc m hnh thp ch c tn cc dng bn ngoi (c dng nguyn liu

v dng sn phm). V d, dng hi lu c HYSYS t tn l sn
phm t Condenser v ti vo a trn cng ca thp.
Trong cc s sau y, xc nh cc dng nguyn liu v sn phm,
bao gm c dng nng lng.
M hnh Thp hp th
Trong m hnh thp hp th bao gm cc a, c cc dng sn phm
hi trn nh thp v sn phm lng y thp. S m t thp hp
th hnh bn tri.
Ban u khng c sn cc tham s cho thit b hp th. l cu hnh
c bn cho tt c cc loi thp. iu kin v thnh phn ca dng
nguyn liu vo thp, cng nh p sut lm vic, s xc nh gii php
cho kt qu hi t. Kt qu tnh ton hi t l iu kin v thnh phn
cu t ca cc dng sn phm hi v lng.
Cc m hnh khc ca thp c b sung thm cc thit b ph tr, khi
cn tng thm cc tham s k thut yu cu.
17

www.thuvien247.net

M hnh thp chit

xut lng - lng l
ng nht vi m hnh
thp hp th

M hnh Thp hp th c un si y thp

Thit b hp th c un si y thp gm thp a v mt thit b un
si y thp. C thm 2 dng t thit b un si y thp ti a cng
c b sung thm vo m hnh thp ny (xem hnh bn).
Khi ci t mt thp hp th c un si y thp (c ngha l ch thm
mt thit b un si y thp cho thp a), tng s tham s c
yu cu ln nhiu hn so vi trong trng hp thp c bn. Trong
trng hp ny khng c sn phm lng nh thp, tham s c mc
nh trong trng hp ny l lu lng sn phm hi nh thp.
M hnh thp hp th c ngng t hi lu
M hnh thp hp th c ngng t hi lu gm cc a v b phn
ngng t nh thp (ngng t mt phn hay ton b). Cc dng kt
hp vi b phn ngng t nh thp (Condenser) cng c thm vo
m hnh thp c bn. V d, hi vo Condenser t a trn cng c
t tn mc nh l to Condenser, v lng lng tr li a trn cng
l Reflux.
Khi ci t mt thp hp th hi lu tc l ch thm mt
CONDENSER vo thp c bn. Cn xc nh tham s ngng t mt
phn, iu lm tng s lng tham s cn xc nh so vi hai m
hnh thp nu trn. Cc tham s mc nh l lu lng sn phm hi
nh thp v lu lng sn phm lng ly ra y thp (Distillate).
Khi xc nh tham s ngng t ton phn, khi ch c sn phm lng
t y m khng c sn phm hi trn nh.
Hoc l lu lng sn phm hi trn nh hoc l lu lng sn phm
lng t nh c th c xc nh l 0, khi c th c 3 kh nng kt
hp cho 2 tham s ny. Mi s t hp s xc nh s khc nhau ca
cc iu kin cng ngh. Ba cu hnh c th ca thp c hi lu c
lit k nh sau:
1. Ngng t mt phn hi trn nh nhng khng ly sn phm
lng (Distillate).
18

www.thuvien247.net

2. Ngng t mt phn hi trn nh v ly sn phm lng.

3. Ngng t hon ton (vi sn phm lng nhng khng ly sn
phm hi trn nh).
M hnh Thp chng ct
Nu la chn m hnh thp chng ct, HYSYS s to ra mt thp vi
c thit b un si y thp v thit b ngng t. Thit b v cc dng
trong m hnh chng ct l kt hp thp c un si y thp v thp c
hi lu nh.
Ch s hi lu (Reflux Ratio)
Khi thm c REBOILER v CONDENSER (Distillation), cn phi
cung cp ba tham s cho thit b ngng t mt phn v hai tham s cho
thit b ngng t hon ton. Tham s k thut th ba c mc nh l
ch s hi lu (lu lng hi pha trn v lu lng ly sn phm
lng bn cnh c nhp vo).
Ch s hi lu c xc nh bng t s ca lng lng quay tr li
a chia cho tng lu lng sn phm (xem hnh v). Nu c s tho
nc ra, th lu lng nc s khng c trong t s ny.
Cng nh vi thp hp th c hi lu, m hnh thp chng ct c th
ngng t mt phn (partial condenser) hoc l ngng t ton phn
(total condenser). La chn partial condenser c ba tham s c th
thay th c, trong khi total condenser ch c hai tham s c th
thay th c.
V bn cht, p sut trong cc thp l mt tham s c th thay i
c, trong c th thay i p sut cho mt on no t giao
din Column Property view. Ch rng p sut khng i trong sut
qu trnh tnh ton thp.
Di y l bng ghi tm tt cc tham s c th thay i c ca thp
cho cc m hnh thp c bn.

19

www.thuvien247.net

Templates
Reboiled Absorber

Vapor Draw Distillate Draw

Reflux Ratio

Reflux Absorber
x

Total Condenser
Partial Condenser

Distilation
Total Condenser
Partial Condenser

M hnh chng ct ba pha

C quy nh mt s
tham s ban u cn
ci t, gi tr ban u
v gii quyt bi ton
chng ct 3 pha. Thm
vo m hnh ng
dng phn mm nh
DISTIL, s dng biu
ng cong phn
cn v biu min
chng ct c th
xc nh c cc
dng v c th h tr
rt nhiu trong cng
tc thit k ban u.

Nu chn m hnh chng ct ba pha, HYSYS s to mt thp trn c

s m hnh chng ct ba pha. Tng t nh cc loi thp chun, vi h
thng chng ct ba3 pha, cng c sn cc h hai pha (binary) c th
thit lp h thng.
S dng Three Phase Column Input Expert, giao din cho php
chn: Distillation, Reflux Absorber, Reboiled Absorber, v Absorber.
Mi la chn xy dng cc thp thch hp trn c s h thng m hnh
chun (hai pha) tng ng.

Nu Input Expert b tt, thit lp m hnh thp chng ct ba pha s

hin th giao din Column Property view mc nh cho kiu thp
chng ct Distillation c c Reboiler v Condenser.
20

www.thuvien247.net

S khc nhau c bn gia vic s dng cc m hnh thp tiu chun v

bn sao m hnh thp ba pha nm trong cc gii thut c s
dng. Mc nh cc gii thut cho cc thp ba pha l Sparse
Continuation, l cng c tin tin nghin cu h ba pha, khng
phi h ha hc l tng, m khng c gii thut khc.
Khi s dng Three Phase Column Input Expert mt vi tham s k
thut i hi phi c thm vo so vi khi thit lp thp chun (h
bc hai). Azeotropic Input Expert cng c ci t sn, c th s
dng bng cch chn phm Azeotropic Initialization t cui
Specification Page ca Input Expert.
La chn phm Side Ops trn trang cui ca Three Phase Column
Input Expert s m ra giao din Side Operations Input Expert s
ch dn qu trnh ci t cc tham s cho hot ng ca thp.
Thp chng ct ba pha yu cu phi c nhp y cc gi tr hp
l v nhit , lu lng v thnh phn cc cu t c th thc hin
c s hi t ca thp.

21

www.thuvien247.net

7.4 Column Property View

Giao din cc c tnh ca thp nh l mt quyn sch cha cc trang
vi cc thng tin gn lin vi thp, c th truy cp vo c c t
lu trnh chnh hoc lu trnh ph ca thp. Trong lu trnh ph ca
thp th cc giao din thuc tnh ca thp bit nh l Column
Runner v c th truy cp bng cch chn phm Column Runner.
Giao din cc thuc tnh ca thp c s dng xc nh cc tham
s, cung cp cc nh gi v s iu chnh s hi t, xem tng giai
on v tm tt cc dng sn phm, thm bm hi lu cnh sn v
thp chng bn cnh sn, xc nh cc tham s ng hc v cc tham
s khc ca thp, th d, sai s hi t v gn phn ng vo thp.
Giao din cc thuc tnh ca thp l nh nhau khi truy cp t lu trnh
chnh (main flowsheet) hoc t lu trnh ph (subflowsheet) ca thp.
Tuy nhin c ba s khc bit:
y l mt s s khc
nhau trong column
property view trong lu
trnh chnh v trong
lu trnh ph ca thp.
S khc nhau ny s
c ghi ch li.

Connections Page trong lu trnh chnh cho php thay i tt

c cc dng sn phm v nguyn liu vo. Thm vo c th
xc nh s a v kiu condenser.
Connections Page trong lu trnh ph cho php thay i cc
dng sn phm v nguyn liu, v linh hot hn khi cn xc
nh dng mi.
Trong lu trnh chnh ca thp, Flowsheet Variables v
Flowsheet Setup pages cho php xc nh nhng thay i c
bn cho dng, v cho php xem cc bin la chn cho thp.
Column Convergence
Phm Run c dng bt u thut ton hi t thc hin tnh ton
thp. Phm Reset kch hot cc gi tr thay i mi c a vo.
HYSYS trc ht thc hin cc vng lp trong v sau l cc vng
lp ngoi (Equilibrium v Heat/Spec Error), sau kim tra sai s
cho php ca cc tham s (xem trong Specification Tolerances for
Solver bit thm chi tit).
Monitor page hin th tm tt ton b qu trnh hi t cho Equilibrium
v Heat/Spec Error. V d tnh ton hi t cho trong hnh sau:
22

www.thuvien247.net

7.4.1 Design Tab

Column Runner
l tn gi khc cho
giao din thuc
tnh trong
subflowsheet.

Trong nhng mc tip theo l thng tin chi tit v giao din cc trang
thuc tnh ca thp chng. Tt c trang cha cc thuc tnh ca thp
chng v cc tham s tnh ton thp.
Connections page (Main Flowsheet)
Trang kt ni ca lu trnh chnh cho php khai bo tn v v tr ca
cc dng nguyn liu, s a trong thp chng, nh s th t cc a,
kiu ngng t nh thp, tn ca cc dng sn phm ca thp v dng
nhit cung cp cho thit b ngng t nh thp hoc un si y thp.
Ch rng cc dng ny lun c hin th trong giao din chnh ca
thp; khng bao gm cc dng trong lu trnh con (subflowsheet), v
d nh cc dng hi lu nh (Reflux) hoc hi lu y (Boilup). Ni
cch khc, ch c dng nguyn liu v cc dng sn phm (cc dng
vt cht v nng lng) l c hin th trn trang ny.

Ch rng nu thay
i mu thp chng
ca Hysys, th giao
din ca trang kt ni
s xut hin khc so
vi hnh bn cnh.

S xut hin ca giao din ny s ty theo mu thp ca HYSYS c

s dng m phng.
23

www.thuvien247.net

Connections page (Column Runner)

Trang Connections ca lu trnh con c hin th nh hnh di.
Nu thm 1 dng mi
trong bt k no, n
s c to ra trong
tthp chng. Dng
mi ny khng t
ng chuyn sang lu
trnh chnh.

C th kt ni hoc hy
kt ni vi cc dng
cng nh thay i v tr
cc dng t trang ny

Tt c cc dng vt liu v nng lng lin kt vi thp c hin th

bng bn tri ca giao din trang Conections. Dng lng, hi v cc
dng sn phm nc tho ra v v tr tng ng ca cc dng s c
hin th pha bn phi ca trang ny.
Monitor Page
Trang Monitor c s dng ch yu cho kim tra v sa i cc
tham s, theo di s hi t thp v xem cc th ca thp. Tm tt
gi tr nhp vo v xem nhng gi tr c lng ban u cng c
hin th trn trang ny.

Hysys s hin th cc bc lp,

kch thc cc bc v s cn
bng v cc sai s Heat/Spec
trong sut qu trnh lp.

Profiles l ni hin th nhng

th nhit , dng, p sut
trong sut qu trnh hi t

Hp kim tra Curent

hin th nhng Specs
c s dng trong
qu trnh tnh ton
thp. Ngi s dng
khng kim tra hp
ny

Nhng loi tham s, gi tr ca mi

tham s, gi tr tnh ton hin ti v
cc sai s c hin th y.

Cc phm lm vic
vi cc tham s

24

www.thuvien247.net

Optional Checks Group

Nhm Optional Checks trong giao din Monitor page (xem hnh
trn), c hai phm vi cc chc nng sau y:
c Section 5.4-Object
Status Window/Trace
Window trong ti liu
hng dn s dng
bit thm chi tit v
Trace Window

Phm

Chc nng

Input
Summary

Phm ny s cung cp tm tt cc gi tr c nhp

vo cho thp trong Trace Window. Danh sch
thng tin tm tt ca thp bao gm s a, h nhit
ng, cc dng v cc tham s.
C th bm phm Input Summary sau khi thay
i bt k tham s ca thp cp nht tm tt cc
gi tr u vo. Cu hnh mi ca thp s c
hin th.

View Initial
Estimates

Phm ny s m trang tm tt cc thuc tnh thp

v hin th nhit ban u v lu lng dng d
on ca thp. C th s dng gi tr HYSYS to
ra lm gi tr c lng nhp vo trang Est.
Cc gi tr c lng c to ra t php tnh lp
s dng cu hnh thp hin ti. Nu tham s lu
lng dng hoc nhit c cung cp, cng
s c hin th ti y.

Profile Group
Trong qu trnh tnh ton thp, s thay i nhit , p sut hoc lu
lng dng s c hin th v c cp nht l kt qu ca qu trnh
tnh ton. La chn phm thch hp hin th s thay i ca cc bin
s theo tng a.
Specifications Group
Nhng tham s mi
c thm vo
thng qua trang
Specs

Mi tham s, cc gi tr khai bo ban u, gi tr hin ti, sai s v

trng thi c th hin trong Specifications Group.
C th thay i gi tr khai bo ban u bng cch nhp gi tr mi vo
Specified Value. Nhng gi tr c khai bo cng c th c hin
th v thay i trn trang Specs v trang Specs Summary. Bt c s
thay i trong v tr bt k s nh hng n tt c cc v tr khc. Xem
trong ti liu Section 7.5 - Column Specification Types m t cc
loi tham s khai bo cho cu hnh ca thp.
25

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp p vo bn trong bng danh sch s hin th giao din thuc

tnh ca n. Trong giao din ny, s khai bo tt c thng tin vi cc
tham s c th. Mi giao din tham s c 3 trang: Parameters,
Summary v Spec Type. Giao din ny cng c th c truy cp t
hai trang Specs v Specs Summary. c trong mc Specification
Property View bit thm chi tit.
Spec Status Check Boxes
Cc chn trng thi
ca tham s.

Tham s Completely
Active c b qua
hon ton bng thut
ton hi t nhng c
th thc hin Active
hoc Estimate ti thi
gian sau .
Estimate c s
dng nh gi tr c
on ban u cho
thut ton hi t, v
coi nh tham s khng
kch hot.

Current l mt trong
cc tham s ang
c s dng trong
tnh ton thp.

Trng thi

M t

Active

Tham s c kch hot c thut ton hi t s dng

trong tnh ton. Ch rng tham s c kch hot
lun lun dng lm gi tr c tnh ban u (khi
Active c chn, HYSYS t ng chn cc
Estimate v Current). Tham s c kch hot lun
lun lm mt i mt bc t do ca thp.

Estimate

Gi tr c lng ca tham s lun lun l tham s

khng kch hot. Khi s dng tham s ch nh gi tr
c lng, b chn active. Gi tr s ch l nh
gi tr c lng ban u cho tnh ton hi t. Gi tr
c lng khng lm mt i mt bc t do.

Current

Kch hot ny c ngha l tham s hin ti ang c

s dng tnh ton thp. Khi chn Active th
Current s t ng c chn. Ngi s dng khng
th tc ng vo ny.
Khi cc tham s thay th c s dng v thay th cho
gi tr thay th khc, ny s c xa i, s dng
cc tham s hin thi tnh ton thp.

b qua gi tr ca mt tham s trong qu trnh hi

t, xa c hai Active v Estimate. B qua tham s
tt hn l xa b n, sau ny s c th s dng li nu
Completely
cn n. Gia tr hin thi ca cc tham s s c hin
Inactive
th, bt chp trng thi ca n. Mt tham s khng kch
hot l khi mun iu khin mt bin quan trng khc
khng bao gm tham s hoc gi tr c lng ny.
Trng thi ca cc tham s trong danh sch cho trong bng sau.
Gi tr ca bc t do c hin th trong trng Degrees of Freedom
trn Monitor page. Khi kch hot mt tham s th bc t do s gim i 1
26

www.thuvien247.net

n v, ngc li b kch hot mt tham s th bc t do s tng 1 n

v. C th bt u tnh ton thp khi bc t do bng 0.
Ch rng nhng bin nh nng lng ca dng reboiler c khai bo
trong Workbook, hoc cc dng vt liu cha bit y y cc tham
s s th hin trong gi tr hin ti ca bc t do. Nu s lng ca cc
bin c kch hot l ph hp cho cu hnh hin ti, tuy nhin bc t
do khng bng khng, hy kim tra nhng iu kin ca cc dng lin
kt vi thit b (dng vt liu v dng nng lng). Cn phi cung cp
cng nhiu tham s c th nh hng ti gi tr bc t do. Vi thp hp
th n gin khng c bc t do, bi vy khng yu cu khai bo thm.
Vi thp chng luyn c ngng t mt phn, c 3 bc t do.
Specification Group Buttons
C bn phm c t thnh mt dy pha di ca Specifications
Group cho php iu khin danh sch cc tham s.

Cng c th nhp
p vo tham s
m giao din hin
th thuc tnh.

Phm

Tc dng

View

Di chuyn ti mt trong nhng tham s v chn phm

View hin th giao din thuc tnh. C th lm bt k
s thay i cn thit vi cc tham s. c Specification
Property View bit thm chi tit.
thay i gi tr mt tham s, di chuyn n Specified
Value v nhp vo gi tr mi mun thay th.

Add
Spec

M danh sch Column Specifications, t c th chn

mt hoc nhiu (bng cch gi phm CTRL trong khi
chn) tham s v bm phm Add spec(s).
Giao din thuc tnh ca mi tham s mi s xut hin
v tn s c thm vo danh sch nhng tham s. Xem
mc 7.5.Column Specification Types sau y bit
thm chi tit.

Update
Inactive

Cp nht gi tr ca cc tham s khng kch hot vi gi

tr hin ti ca n.

Group
Active

Sp xp tt c cc tham s kch hot vi nhau u danh

sch cc tham s.

Specs page

27

www.thuvien247.net

Thm v thay i cc tham s ca thp kh n gin. Nu thit lp

thp da trn nhng mu c, HYSYS c cc tham s mc nh. Cc
gi tr mc nh ph thuc vo kiu mu thp chn (xem mc
Default Replaceable Specifications trong Section 7.3.2 Templates)
bit thm chi tit.
Colunm specifications Group
Phm

Tc dng

View

M giao din thuc tnh ca tham s c nh du.

Ngoi ra, c th kim tra tn ca tham s, v chn
View t danh sch. Xem Specification Property
View bit thm chi tit hn.

Add

M danh sch Column Specifications, t c th

chn mt hoc nhiu (bng cch gi phm CTRL
trong khi chn) tham s v bm phm add spec(s)
Giao din thuc tnh ca mi tham s s hin th v
tn s c thm vo trong danh sch nhng tham
s hin c. Xem trong mc Section 7.5 - Column
Specification Types m t cc loi tham s.

Delete

Xa b tham s nh du khi danh sch

Ch ch c th thm cc tham s dng lin kt vi thp thng qua

giao din hin th thuc tnh ca dng trong lu trnh con ca thp
Column subflowsheet.
Cc loi tham s

T danh sch Default Basis, c th chn n v o ca nhng tham s

mi l mol, khi lng hoc th tch.
Phm Update Specs from Dynamics s thay th cc gi tr khai bo
Specified Value ca mi tham s bng gi tr Current Value thu
c t m phng ng.
Specification Property View
y l giao din hin th thuc tnh tiu biu ca tham s. Trong giao
din ny, khai bo tt c nhng thng tin ca tham s. Mi tham s c
ba trang hin th: Parameters, Summary v Spec Type. V d a ra
y cho thy tham s thu hi cu t vi yu cu s a, gi tr tham
s, trng thi pha khi kiu bin l Stage c la chn.
28

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng thng tin ca cc tham s c lin quan gia cc giao din

thuc tnh v danh sch cc tham s hin th trong c hai trang
Monitor v Specs Summary. Thay i thng tin ti mt v tr s t
ng thay i theo tt c cc v tr khc.V d, c th nhp gi tr tham
s trong mt v tr v s thay i s phn nh ti tt c cc v tr khc.
Khai bo a s
dng tham s
Cung cp tn ca
cc cu t c tham
s c s dng.

Khai bo pha
lng hoc pha
hi cho tham s
ny

Bng Summary (bn tri) c s dng cung cp sai s v xc

nh tham s c kch hot hoc n gin l mt gi tr c lng.
Spec Type tab c th s dng xc nh nhng tham s nh Fixed/
Ranged v Primary/Alternate. Theo mc nh, tt c nhng tham s
c xc nh ban u l Fixed v Primary. Ty chn nng cao c
sn trong HYSYS cho php s dng c Alternate v Ranged Spec
Types.

Xc nh khong s dng xp xp
cc gi tr ca tham s
Xc nh gi tr tham s l Fixed hoc
Ranged Spec. Ranger Speccho php
tnh ton gi tr ca tham s trn mt
khong (xc nh theo gi tri thp hn
hoc cao hn ca tham s) .

Xc nh l Primary hoc Alternate spec.

Alternate spec c th c thay th gi tr khc
tnh ton trong cc tnh hung m thp
khng hi t

29

www.thuvien247.net

Tip theo s tip tc cp chi tit hn cc ty chn nng cao c sn

trong HYSYS.
Ranged and Alternate Specs
tin cy ca bt k phng php tnh ton ph thuc vo kh nng
Nu tnh ton thp bng gii quyt nhm nhng vn ln. Mt vi c tham s nh tinh
Alternate hoc Ranged
khit, thu hi, v im ct l rt kh gii quyt so vi lu lng
Spec, thanh trng thi s
dng hoc t s hi lu. S dng tham s Alternate v Ranged Specs
c "convergedAlternate Spec" nh
c th gip tnh ton cc thp gp tr ngi do c cc tham s kh gii.
du bng mu .

Khi tnh ton gp

Ranged Spec, Wt.Error
s bng 0 khi Current
Value nm bn trong
khong gi tr (nh ch
ra trong Monitor page)

Khi tham s c thay

bi gi tr thay th
trong qu trnh tnh
ton thp, Current
tr thnh khng kch
hot v gi tr thay th
s c kch hot.

Cu hnh ca nhng ty chn nng cao ny c to ra bng cch

chn phm Advanced Solving Options trn Solve page. Cc ty chn
ny ch c s dng vi hoc Hysim I/O hoc Modified I/O. Xem
Advanced Solving Options Button trong Section 7.4.2- Parameters
Tab bit thm chi tit.
Fixed/Ranged Specs
Fix Spec l mt trong cc gii php m HYSYS c gng tnh ton i
gi tr ca tham s. Ranged Spec, c gng tnh ton c c gi tr
ca tham s, nhng nu phn cn li ca tham s khng tnh c sau
mt s bc lp, tham s b thay i bn trong khong lp cho n
khi thp hi t. Tham s bt k ca thp c th c xc nh bn
ngoi khong. Ranged Spec yu cu nhp y c hai gi tr thp
hn (Lower) hoc cao hn (Upper). Ty chn ny (khi kch hot), c
th gip tnh ton thp khi m vi tham s c th thay i trong mt
khong gp c tham s cn li.
Primary/Alternate specs
Primary Spec l tham s phi c p ng cho cc gii php hi t
thp. Alternate Spec c th c s dng thay th tham s kh
trong qu trnh tnh ton thp. Bc tnh ton u tin c gng p
ng gi tr ca Altenate Spec, nhng nu cc tham s cn li khng
c tnh ton sau s bc lp ti thiu, gi tr ca Altenate Spec kch
hot s c thay th bng mt gi tr khng kch hot khc. Ty chn
ny (khi c kch hot), c th gip tnh ton thp, khi mt vi gi tr
30

www.thuvien247.net

S lng cc tham s
Alternate c kch
hot phi lun lun
bng s lng
Alternat khng kch
hot

c th c b qua (kch hot tham s khc) gp cc tham s khc

v hi t thp.
Lu rng c hai Ranged or Alternate Specs phi c kch hot v
s dng phm Advanced Solving Options trn Solver page ca
Parameters tab trc khi c p dng trong tnh ton thp.
Specification Tolerances for Solver
Solver Tolerances cho php xc nh sai s cho nhng tham s. Thm
vo , HYSYS hi t khi tnh ton vi sai s Heat/Spec v
Equilibrium, sai s ca cc tham s phi c tha mn. HYSYS trc
ht thc hin cc vng lp cho n khi cc sai s Heat/Spec (vng lp
trong) v Equilibrium (vng lp ngoi) nm bn trong khong sai s
khai bo ban u (m t chi tit trong Section 7.4.2 Parameter tab).
Cc tham s ca thp khng c sai s ring trong qu trnh tnh lp;
Cc sai s ca tham s c gp vo sai s Heat/Spec. Khi cc iu
kin Heat/Spec v Equilibrium c p ng, HYSYS thc hin so
snh vi sai s ca mi tham s. Nu cc sai s cha tha mn,
HYSYS tnh lp li thng qua cc vng lp Heat/Spec v Equilibrium
mt ln na cho n khi hi t. Cc gi tr sai s c so snh mt ln
na, v qu trnh tip din cho n khi cc vng lp bn ngoi hoc
bn trong v sai s cho php ban u ca tham s c p ng.
Specific Solver Tolerances c th c khai bo cho mi tham s.
HYSYS tnh ton hai loi sai s cho mi tham s: sai s tuyt i v
sai s tng i. Sai s tuyt i ch n gin l gi tr tuyt i ca s
khc nhau gia gi tr c tnh ton v gi tri khai bo:

Khi sai s tng i

v sai s tuyt i
nh hn nhng sai
s khai bo ban u
tng ng, gi tr
tham s c kch
hot s c hi t.

Sai s tuyt i = gi tr c tnh ton gi tr khai bo

Sai s tng i l hm ca loi tham s c th.
Khi tham s ang c kch hot, thut ton hi t ang c gng gp
sai s tng i (sai s tuyt i ch c s dng nu sai s tng i
khng c khai bo). Do , c sai s tng i v sai s tuyt i
phi nh hn gi tr sai s tng ng khai bo ban u cho tham s
c kch hot t n hi t. HYSYS cung cp nhng gi tr mc
31

www.thuvien247.net

nh cho tt c sai s ban u ca tham s, nhng cc gi tr ny c th

thay c i. V d, nu xa gi tr sai s vi mc ppm ca nhng
hp phn ch yu, gi tr sai s thnh phn c th c thit lp cht
ch hn so vi nhng gi tr khai bo ban u. Nu xa gi tr sai s,
HYSYS s khng p dng yu cu ca nhng tham s khc cho tham
s , v ignore s xut hin trong nhp gi tr sai s.
Sai s cho php ca tham s cho php lm vic vi nhng tham s
ring v thay i gi tr sai s ny nu cn thit.
Specification Details Group
C th chnh sa gi tr
ca tham s c mu xanh

i vi tham s c nh du trong nhm Column Specification

group, nhng thng tin sau s c hin th:
- Spec Name
- Convergence Condition Nu sai s tng i v sai s tuyt
i nm trong phm vi sai s cho php th tham s s c hi t
v thng bo Yes s c hin th.
- Status - c th thao tc vi nhng chn Active v Use As
Estimate. Xem Monitor page bit thm chi tit lin quan n
vic s dng cc chn ny.
- Spec Type c th la chn gia Fixed/Ranged v
Primary/Alternate specs. Xem trong mc Fixed/Ranged v
Primary/Alternate specs bit thm chi tit.
- Specified v Current Calculated Values.
- Weighted/Absolute Tolerance and Calculated Error.

Specs Summary Page

Specs Summary page lit k tt c cc tham s ca thp cng vi cc
thng tin lin quan. Thng tin ca tham s cng c xut hin trong
cc trang Monitor v Specs Summary. Thay i thng tin trong mt
v tr s t ng cp nht theo tt c cc v tr khc.
32

www.thuvien247.net

C th chnh sa gi tr
tham s c mu xanh
Cng c th nhp p
vo tham s m
bng tnh cht ca n.
Xem mc Specification
Property View bit
thm chi tit.

Subcooling Page
Subcooling page cho php khai bo dng lm lnh cho sn phm ra
khi thit b ngng t ca thp. Cn phi khai bo nhit ca sn
phm ngng t hoc mc lm lnh cn thit. i vi cc thp
khng c b phn ngng t nh thp, nh Thp hp th, khng yu
cu nhp thng tin vo trang ny.
Notes Page

La chn cc phm radio

Mass, molar,Volunm
hin th nhng dng gi
nh trn cc n v khc
nhau. t nht 1 bc lp
phi xut hin trong Hysys
chuyn i gia cc h
n v. Bng cch ny, s
c gi tr cho cc cu t
trn mi a.

Notes page son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt k kin no hoc

thng tin km theo thp hoc lin quan n m phng ni chung.

7.4.2 Parameters Tab

Ni dung trong Parameters tab l kt qu tnh ton thp v c s
dng khai bo mt s tham s c bn cho vic tnh ton thp.
Profiles Page
Profiles page c s dng hin th thng tin p sut thp v
cung cp cc gi tr c lng nhit , lu lng cht lng v hi cho
mi bc ca thp. C th nhp vo tng a cc gi tr d on nhit
, lng lng v lng hi hoc xem nhng gi tr tnh ton bng
HYSYS. S dng nhng phm rai trong nhm Flow Basis la
chn n v mun hin th lu lng lng v hi: Phn mol, khi
33

www.thuvien247.net

lng, th tch. th pha bn phi ca s miu t s thay i ca

p sut trong thp.
Column subflowsheet
hin th c 2 ct, gm
s thay i p sut,v
th biu din.

Cc phm pha di ca ca s c cc chc nng nh sau:

Cc phm

Chc nng

Chuyn nhng gi tr m HYSYS tnh ton cho

Update from
cc a vo cc thch hp. Nhng gi tr c tnh
Solution
b kha (mu xanh) s khng c cp nht.
Clear

Xa b nhng gi tr ca a la chn

Clear All

Xa b gi tr ca tt c cc a

Lock

Thay i tt c cc gi tr mu (gi tr c lng

khng kha, gi tr hin thi, gi tr ni suy) thnh
mu xanh (b kha), c ngha rng chng s khng
c ghi bng cc gi tr hin ti khi bm phm
Update from Solution.

UnLock

Thay i tt c gi tr mu xanh (b kha) thnh mu

(khng kha). Cc gi tr khng kha s c
ghi bi cc gi tr hin ti khi bm phm Update
from Solution.

Stream
Estimates

Hin th nhit , dng mol v Entanpi ca tt c cc

dng lin kt vi thp.
34

www.thuvien247.net

Estimates Page
xem cc gi tr c
tnh ban u ca
HYSYS, bm vo phm
View Initial Estimate
trong Monitor page.

Estimates page c s dng xem v cung cp cc gi tr c on

ban u v thnh phn. Estimates khng yu cu hi t.
Khi khai bo nhng gi tr c on ban u trn nhng a khng lin
tip nhau, HYSYS s khng chn thm gi tr cho nhng a trung
gian cho n khi bt u tnh ton.

Nhng gi tr c
lng l khng yu
cu cho hi t ct

Trong giao din ny, c th cung cp thnh phn c on ban u ca

cc cu t pha hi hoc pha lng trn a. Mi cu t c gi tr c
tnh thnh phn l Mole Fraction, v vy gi tr phi gia 0 v 1.

Trong qu trnh tnh ton, HYSYS s chn thm nhng gi tr thnh

phn ti cc a trung gian khi ban u nhp gi tr thnh phn vo cc
a khng lin tip nhau. Php ni suy l log ca phn mol. Khng
ging cc gi tr c lng nhit , php ni suy cho cc cu t
khng i thut ton bt u. La chn mt trong hai phm radio Vap
hoc Liq trong nhm Phase hin th bng cho pha hi hoc lng
tng ng.

35

www.thuvien247.net

Giao din Composition Estimates c cc phm sau:

Phm

Tc dng

Clear tray

Xa b tt c cc gi tr, bao gm cc gi tr
khai bo (mu xanh) v HYSYS to ra
(mu ) cho a c chn.

Clear All
trays

Xa b tt c cc gi tr cho tt c cc a

Update

Chuyn tt c cc gi tr hin thi m

HYSYS tnh ton thnh phn cu t trn
a vo trong thch hp. Nhng gi tr c
lng b kha (mu xanh) s khng c
cp nht.

Restore

Xa b tt c cc gi tr HYSYS cp nht
t bng v thay th bng cc gi tr c tnh
ban u v ni suy gi tr tng ng ca
chng. Bt k nhng no khng cha gi
tr c lng hoc gi tr ni suy s hin th
empty. Phm ny v c bn tc dng
ngc vi phm Update. Nhng gi tr c
lng khng kha (mu ) c thay th
sau khi bm phm Update s c khi phc
tr li gi tr ban u.

Normanlize
Trays

Phm ny s chun ha cc gi tr trn a

tng thnh phn cu t bng 1. HYSYS b
qua nhng < Empty> v s chun ha
thnh phn trn a sao cho mi c t nht
mt gi tr.

Lock
Estimates

Thay i tt c gi tr mu (gi tr c
lng khng kha, gi tr hin thi, gi tr
ni suy) thnh mu xanh (b kha), ngha l
chng s khng c ghi bi nhng gi tr
hin ti khi bm phm Update.

Unlock
Estimates

Thay i tt c gi tr mu xanh (b kha)

thnh (khng kha). Nhng gi tr khng
kha s c ghi bi gi tr hin ti khi
bm phm Update.

36

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng hiu sut

phn on c th khng
cho ngng t hoc un
si y thp, m cng
khng cn phi thit lp
cho dng nguyn liu
hoc dng ly sn phm.

Efficiencies Page
Efficiencies page cho php khai bo hiu sut a chung hoc ca cu
t c bn. Hiu sut cho mi a hoc ca ton b on thp c a c
th c khai bo d dng.
Chc nng ca trang ny l hi khc khi lm vic trong h Amines.
Xem phn cui ca mc ny bit thm chi tit.
HYSYS s dng hiu sut a Murphree c bin i. Tt c cc
gi tr ban u thit lp ti 1, ph hp vi cc gi thit cn bng l
tng hoc s a l thuyt. Nu trong trng hp gi thuyt ny
khng ph hp, c th ty chn khai bo s a thc t v thay i
hiu sut cho mt hoc nhiu a.

khai bo hiu sut

cho nhiu , nh du
cc mong mun,
nhp gi tr vo trong
trng EFF. MultiSpec field v bm vo
phm Specify.

Bng d liu trn Efficiencies page cho bit tm tt hiu sut tng a.
Ch rng hiu sut phn on, tc l hiu sut bng 1.0 tng ng
vi 100%.
Hiu sut chung ca a c th c cung cp bng cch chn phm
radio Overall trong nhm Efficiencies type v nhp gi tr vo trong
nhng thch hp.
Hiu sut ca cu t c th c th c cung cp bng cch chn phm
radio Component, v nhp gi tr vo cc thch hp.
Special Case - Amines Property Package

37

www.thuvien247.net

Khi tnh ton thp cho mt case s dng Amines Property Package,
HYSYS lun lun s dng hiu sut a cho tnh ton cc cu t CO2
v H2S. Nu khng khai bo c th trn Efficiencies page ca giao
din thuc tnh ca thp, HYSYS s tnh ton da trn cc kch thc
ca a. Kch thc a c th c khai bo trn Amines page ca
Parameters tab. Nu nhng kch thc ca thp khng c khai
bo, HYSYS s s dng nhng gi tr a mc nh xc nh cc gi
tr hiu sut a.
Phm Reset H2S, CO2
v chn Transpose
ch sn c nu
Efficiency Type thit
lp cho Component.

Nu khai bo nhng gi tr hiu sut cho CO2 v H2S, HYSYS s s

dng tnh ton thp. Nu tnh ton thp mt ln na s dng nhng
gi tr hiu sut c to ra bi HYSYS, la chn phm Reset H2S,
CO2 c sn trong trang ny. Tnh ton thp thm ln na v HYSYS
s tnh ton li v hin th nhng gi tr hiu sut a mi.
Kch hot chn Transpose thay i ma trn hiu sut cu t sao
cho cc dng l danh sch cc cu t v ct l danh sch cc a.
c thm thng tin trn Amines Property Package xem Appendix
C Amines Property Package ca ti liu hng dn s dng
Simulation Basis.
Solver Page
Solving Options
Khai bo cc thng tin tnh ton cc tnh cht trong nhm Solving
Options.

Maximum Number of Iterations

Qu trnh hi t thp s b hy b nu s bc lp ln nht c
thc hin. Gi tr mc nh l 10000, v p dng cho cc vng lp
38

www.thuvien247.net

ngoi. Nu s dng phng php Newton, v cc vng lp trong

khng hi t vi 50 ln lp, qu trnh hi t s b hy b.
Equilibrium and Heat/Spec Tolerances
Sai s cho php hi t c thit lp vi gi tr ht sc cht ch, v vy
phi m bo xem xt cc gi tr d on ban u (nu c khai bo)
cho nhit , lu lng dng, thnh phn cu t trong thp, HYSYS s
lun lun hi t vi nhng kt qu tng t. Tuy nhin, c la chn
thay i hai gi tr nu mun. Cc gi tr mc nh l:
Inner Loop - Heat and Spec Error: 5.000e-04
Outer Loop - Equilibrium Error: 1.000e-05
Bi v cc gi tr mc nh thng rt nh, c th dng nhng gi tr
nh hn. Khng nn to nhng gi tr ln hn cho cc thao tc s b
nhm rt ngn thi gian lm vic ca my tnh. Thi gian tnh ton ni
chung thng c rt b. ng thi nu thp c s dng vng
Recycle hoc Adjust, s c kh khn cho vng hi t.
Equilibrium Error
Gi tr ca Equilibrium Error c a ra trong qu trnh tnh lp i
din cho sqai s trong qu trnh tnh ton phn mol pha hi v pha
lng. Nhng sai s trn mi a c tnh ton bng 1 tr i tng
thnh phn phn mol ca pha hi. Gi tr ny sau c bnh
phng; tng nhng sai s cn bng l tng cng tt c nhng gi tr
bnh phng. Tng tt c nhng sai s cn bng phi nh hn 0.00001
th mi c coi l thp hi t.
Heat and Spec Error
Heat and Spec Error l tng ca tt c cc gi tr heat error v the
specification error, tng ca tt c tng a trong thp.
Gi tr tng c chia cho s vng lp trong. Nhng sai s nhit l
dng nhit khng cn bng trn mi a chia cho tng trung bnh dng
nhit i qua a.
Specification error contribution l tng ca mi Specification error
ring l chia cho h s chun ha thch hp.
Vi lu lng dng cc cu t, h s chun ha l lu lng dng cu
t hin thi; vi cc cu t, l phn mol hin ti; vi p sut pha hi
v nhit , gi tr ca n 5000. Tng tt c Heat and Spec Error
phi nh hn 0.00001 th mi c coi l thp hi t.
39

www.thuvien247.net

Equilibrium error v heat and spec error cho php l cc gi tr kh

cht hu ht cc chng trnh, nhng iu ny l cn thit trnh
cc gii php gi n nh v m bo cn bng nhit v cn bng
vt cht ca thp l tha ng.
Save Solution as Initial Estimate
Ty chn ny theo mc nh, lu li cc gii php hi t, l gi tr d
on cho cc gii php tip theo.
Super Critical Handling Model
Tnh cht pha siu ti hn xy ra khi mt hoc nhiu a trong thp
lm vic trn im ti hn ca mt hoc nhiu cu t. Trong sut qu
trnh hi t, tnh cht siu ti hn c th c bt gp trn mt hoc
nhiu a trong thp. Nu HYSYS bt gp tnh cht pha siu ti hn th
s c thng bo thch hp hin th trong Trace Window.
HYSYS khng th s dng phng trnh trng thi hoc activity model
trong phm vi siu ti hn, v vy phi s dng mt phng php thay
th. Cn phi khai bo phng php thay th HYSYS s dng m
hnh tnh cht pha. C ba la chn cho tnh ton siu ti hn:
Model

M t

Simple K

y l phng php mc nh. HYSYS tnh ton gi

tr K cho nhng cu t da trn s dng m hnh p
sut hi. S dng phng php ny, gi tr K c
tnh ton l gi tr K l tng.

Descrease
Pressure

Khi bt gp nhng iu kin siu ti hn, HYSYS

lm gim p sut trn tt c cc a bi h s ni ti,
c th xem trong Trace Window khi ty chn
Verbose c s dng. H s ny gim t t cho n
khi nhng iu kin ti hn khng tn ti trn a, ti
im p sut trong thp tng dn cho n gi tr p
sut khai bo ban u. Nu iu kin siu ti hn
c bt gp khi p sut tng th p sut mt ln na
c gim bt v qu trnh s c lp li.

Adjacent
Tray

Khi iu kin ti hn thc hin trong mt a,

HYSYS tm kim a gn nht khng c tnh cht
siu ti hn. Cc iu kin khng ti hn c thay
th trong tnh ton pha ca a siu ti hn.
40

www.thuvien247.net

Trace Level
Trace Level c nh ngha l mc chi tit ca thng tin hin th
trong Trace Window v c th c thit lp thp, trung bnh hoc
cao. Mc nh l Low.
Initialize from ideal Ks
Khi chn ny c kch hot, HYSYS tnh ton thp ban u s
dng hng s cn bng K l tng c tnh ton t tng quan p
sut hi. La chn gi tr K l tng cng c s dng trong
HYSIM, lm tng kh nng tng thch gia HYSIM v HYSYS.
Theo mc nh, chn Initialize from ideal Ks trng. HYSYS s
dng thnh phn cu t khai bo ban u hoc to ra cc gi tr c
lng tnh ton gi tr K.
Two Liquids Check Based on
La chn ny cho php xc nh kim tra hai pha lng trong thp. S
kim tra da trn mt trong s cc tiu chun sau y:
No. 2 Liq Check - v hiu ha vic kim tra hai cht lng
Tray Liquid Fluid - tnh ton da trn cc cu t c trong thnh
phn ca cht lng trong ct.
Tray Total Fluid - tnh ton da trn ton b thnh phn ca cht
lng trong ct
Solving Method
Trong danh sch Solving Method cho php la chn phng php
tnh ton thp.

Cc thng tin c hin th trong danh sch th xung, cung cp

nhng gii thch cho mi phng php v c m t chi tit trong
bng di y:
41

www.thuvien247.net

Ch c m hnh trao i
nhit n gin (c
tnh ton t thp) c
sn trong lu trnh con
ca thp. Cc m hnh
Simple Ratinh, EndPoint v Weighted
khng c sn.

Method

Gii thch

HYSIM
inside-Out

Phng php chung p dng tt cho hu ht cc

vn .

Modified
HYSIM
Inside-Out

Phng php chung ph hp cho tnh ton trn,

chia dng v trao i nhit bn trong lu trnh
con (subflowsheet) ca thp.

Newton
Raphson
Inside-Out

Phng php chung ph hp cho tnh ton ng

hc phn ng pha lng bn trong lu trnh con
(subflowsheet) ca thp.

Sparse
Continuation
Solver

y l phng trnh tnh ton c bn. H tr

tnh ton hai pha lng trn cc a v s dng
ch yu cho tnh ton h ha hc khng l
tng v thp phn ng chng ct.

Simultaneous
Correction

Phng php ny s dng phng php dogleg.

Ph hp tt cho cc h ha hc. Phng php
ny cng h tr cho thp chng ct phn ng.

Inside-Out
M Trace Window
bn di ca HYSYS
Desktop xem thng
tin lin quan n s
hi t ca thp.

Vi nhng thut ton c bn Inside-Out, cc m hnh cn bng n

gin v entanpi c s dng trong vng lp bn trong tnh ton tt
c cc cu t trong thnh phn v cn bng nhit cng nh cc tham s
khc. Cc vng lp bn ngoi c cp nht m hnh nhit ng lc
hc n gin, vi m hnh tnh ton chnh xc.
Acceleration

Theo mc nh, la
chn Accelerate K
value & H Model
Parameters khng
c kch hot.

Khi c kch hot, Accelerate K value & H Model Parameters hin

th hai nhp gi tr lin quan n chng trnh Dominant Eigenvalue
Method (DEM).

DEM l mt chng trnh li gii bng s s tng tc qu trnh hi t

ca cc m hnh cn bng K n gin, v cc thng s entanpi. Tng
t nh phng php tng tc Wegstein, vi s khc bit ch yu l
42

www.thuvien247.net

DEM xem xt tt c cc tng tc gia cc bin ang c tng tc.

DEM c p dng c lp cho tng mi a ca thp.
S dng ty chn Acceleration nu nhn thy rng Equilibrium error
gim t t trong qu trnh hi t. iu ny s gip tng tc hi t. Ch
rng chn Accelerate K value & H Model Parameters s khng
kch hot cho thp AZEOTROPIC v nhng xu hng hi t khc.
Cc thng s DEM c lit k bao gm:
Parameter

M t

Acceleration
Mode

La chn Conservative hoc Aggressive. Vi

Conservative cc bc nh hn s c thc hin
trong qu trnh tnh lp, do lm gim c hi ca
mt bc i xu.

Maximum
Iterations
Queued

Cho php chn s im d liu t cc vng lp

trc cho chng trnh tng tc s dng tnh ton
tip tc.

Damping
La chn cng thc Damping bng cch chn phm radio Fixed hoc
Adaptive.

Vi phng php Fixed, cn phi khai bo h s tt dn. H s tt dn

iu khin kch thc bc s dng trong vng lp pha ngoi khi cp
nht nhng m hnh nhit ng n gin c s dng trong vng lp
trong. i vi i a s cc thp chng ct hydrocacbon, gi tr mc
nh l 1.0 l ph hp cho php bc iu chnh y . Tuy nhin, c
th gp phi thp c Heat and Spec error tr nn kh nh, nhng
Equilibrium error b lch hoc dao ng v lm cho hi t rt chm,
trong trng hp ny th gim bt h s tt dn ti gi tr gia 0.3 v
0.9. Ngoi ra, c th kch hot Adaptive Damping, cho php HYSYS
t ng iu chnh h s ny.
43

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng thay i h s tt dn s khng nh hng n nhng vn

m heat and spec error khng hi t.
Ngoi nhng iu nhc nh trn, c nhng kiu thp nht nh m
xc nh yu cu khai bo h s tt dn c bit. S dng bng sau y
nh mt hng dn trong vic thit lp gi tr ban u.
Type of Colunm

Damping factor

Tt c cc thp hydrocacbon t demethanizers 1.0

n debutanizers n cm chng ct du th.
Nhng thp khng hydrocacbon bao gm thp 1.0
tch khng kh, loi b nit.
Hu ht thp ha du bao gm thp tch C2= 1.0
C3=, thp tch BTX
Thp hp th amin
chn azeotropic
trong ca s Solver
page - Parameters
tab phi c kch
hot thp chng
ng ph c th hi t

1.0

Thp ti sinh Amin, thp tch TEG, thp tch 0.25 n 0.50
nc chua
Cc thp ha hc khng l tng v khng 0.25 n 0.50
ng ph
Cc thp ha hc khng l tng v c ng 0.5 n -1.0
ph
Nh th hin trong bng trn, thp chng azeotropic yu cu c
kch hot. C hai cch ch ra cho HYSYS rng ang thc hin m
phng mt thp azeotropic:
1. Nhp vo h s tt dn c gi tr m v HYSYS s t ng
chn Azeotropic. Ch rng gi tr tuyt i ca h s tt dn
lun lun hin th.
2. Nhp mt gi tr dng cho h s tt dn v chn Azeotropic
Adaptive Damping
Nu la chn phm radio Adaptive, ma trn Damping s hin th ba
trng. HYSYS s cp nht h s tt dn khi tnh ton thp, ph thuc
vo Damping Period v hnh vi hi t.
44

www.thuvien247.net

Damping
Period

M t

Initial
Damping
Factor

Khai bo im bt u cho h s tt dn tng

ng

Adaptive
Damping
Period

Mc nh Adaptive Damping Period l 10. Trong

trng hp ny, sau ln lp th 10, HYSYS s
xem xt mi gi tr sai s trc kim tra c
bao nhiu ln sai s tng hn l gim. Nu sai s
tng nhiu hn so vi gi tr sai s cho php, y
l ch th cho thy s hi t theo kiu chu k v
h s tt dn hin ti c nhn vi 0.7. Mi 10
ln lp, phn tch tng t xem cc h s tt
dn c tip tc gim hay khng. Ngoi ra, nu sai
s ch tng mt ln trong chu k cui th h s tt
dn c tng ln cho php hi t nhanh hn.

Update Initial
Damping
Factor

Nu la chn ny c chn, th h s tt dn
hin ti s c s dng trong ln tnh ton thp
tip theo. Nu khng c chn th h s tt dn
trc khi h s tt dn ph hp s c s dng.

Initial Estimate Generator Parameters

C th kch hot tham s Initial Estimate Generator (IEG) bng cch
kch hot vo chn Dynamic Itergration for IEG (nh trong hnh
di y). IEG sau s thc hin cc php tnh lp (NRSolver, PV
and PH) cung cp cc gi tr c tnh ban u ca nhit v thnh
phn cc cu t. Khng s dng nhng gi tr c lng ban u khi
chn Dynamic Integration for IEG c kch hot.

Bm phm Dynamic Estimates Integrator v giao din nh trong

hnh sau c m ra, cho php tip tc xc nh nhng tham s d
on thay i.
45

www.thuvien247.net

T ca s ny c th thit lp cc tham s cho s ln tnh ton vi cc

gi tr c lng, cng nh thit lp gi tr sai s cho php. Chn
Active cho thy rng Dynamic Integration for IEG c chn.
Chn mt trong hai phm radio khc Adiabatic hoc Isothermal
thit lp kiu khi to cho qu trnh tch.
Nu mun to ra cc gi tr c lng ng m khng cn chy thp,
c th thc hin t ca s ny bng cch bm phm Start. Nu mun
dng cc tnh ton trc thi gian quy nh, bm phm Stop. Khng
cn phi chn phm Start bng tay to ra cc gi tr c tnh, nu
kch hot Dynamic Integration for IEG, HYSYS s t ng to ra
cc gi tr c tnh khi bt u thc hin tnh ton thp.
chn Shortcut Mode cho php b qua bc ny khi tp hp cc gi
tr c lng c to ra, l khi thp hi t. Nu ang chy m
phng vi qu trnh tnh lp trong thp phi c tnh ton mt vi
ln, l mt tng tt la chn ty chn ny tit kim thi
gian tnh ton.
Advanced Solving Options Button
Phm Advanced Solving Options truy nhp vo giao din hin th
thuc tnh Advanced Solving Options:

46

www.thuvien247.net

Nu thp hi t trn
tham s Alternate hoc
Ranged th thanh trng
thi s xut
hin"Converged Alternate Specs" c
nh du bng mu .

Th t cc la chn
gii quyt c u tin
thc hin.

chn s dng cho

php mt ty chn c
th.
Cc ch c kch
hot nu cc loi spec
tng ng tn ti
Tt c cc tham s c kch hotc th
thay th bng mt tham s c s hoc tt
c cc tham s cng mt lc. Tham s
kch hot vi sai s ln hn s thay th
bng mt tham s khng kch hot vi sai
s ti thiu.

Khi thp ang thc

hin tun hon, theo
mc nh, cc php
tnh ton s chuyn
i t cc gi tr
thit lp ban u ca
cc tham s sau mi
ln lp hoc cho ln
tip theo tnh ton
thp.

Trong giao din hin th thuc tnh Advanced Solving Options, mi

la chn tnh ton (Alternate, Ranged v Autoreset) c u tin thc
hin v cng c th c chn. s dng mt la chn c th, ngi
s dng phi kch hot vo tng ng. Ngi s dng cng phi xc
nh u tin ca phng php. y l th t m cc phng php
c chn s thc hin (hoc u tin, th hai hoc th ba).
Cc ty chn nng cao ny s khng c s dng cho n khi s ti
thiu ca cc php tnh lp c p ng. Nu thp khng c hi t
sau khi s ti thiu ca cc ln lp c thc hin, s t ng chuyn
sang ty chn nng cao tnh ton theo cc th t u tin gii quyt.
Qu trnh ny s c lp li cho n khi tt c cc ty chn c
gng thc hin hoc thp hi t.
2/3 Phase Page
2/3 Phase page ch lin quan khi ang lm vic vi thp chng ct ba
pha. Trn trang ny c th kim tra s hin din ca hai pha lng trn
mi a ca thp chng. Bng Liquid Phase Detection lit k lu
47

www.thuvien247.net

lng mol ca dng lng trn mi a ca thp, bao gm c reboiler v

Condenser.
HYSYS kim tra hai pha lng trn a bt k no , bng cch
nh du vo chn trong ct Check. Nu pha lng th hai c tnh
ton, n s c ch th trong ct Dectected v gi tr tnh ton lu
lng dng trong ct L2Rate. Cc phm pha bn phi ca giao din
h tr la chn v hy la chn nhng a cn thit.
Nhm 2nd Liquid Type cho php khai bo kiu tnh ton m HYSYS
thc hin khi kim tra pha lng th hai. Khi phm Pure c la chn,
HYSYS ch kim tra nc tinh khit nh pha th hai. iu ny gip
tit kim thi gian tnh ton khi lm vic vi cc h hydrocarbon phc
tp. Khi mun c mt tnh ton cht ch hn, chn phm Rigorous.
Lu rng vic kim tra cho cc pha lng trong thp chng ct ba pha
lm tng ng k thi gian tnh ton. Thng thng, kim tra mt vi
a trn nh thp, s cho kt qu ph hp.
Amines Page
Amines Property
Package l mt gi
thuc tnh phi mua
cho cc phin bn
c s ca HYSYS.

Amines page ch hin th khi lm vic vi Amines Property

Package.
Khi tnh ton thp s dng Amines Package, HYSYS lun lun tnh
n hiu sut a chng ct, c th do ngi dng khai bo, trn
Efficiencies page, hoc HYSYS tnh ton. Cc gi tr tnh ton hiu
sut a da trn kch thc a khai bo ban u. Amines page lit
k Tray Section Dimensions ca thp, ti y c th khai bo cc gi
tr s c s dng xc nh hiu sut a. Danh sch ny bao gm
Tray Section, Weir Height, Tray Volume, Tray Diameter. Nu cc
kch thc ca a khng c khai bo, HYSYS s s dng cc kch
thc mc nh xc nh gi tr hiu sut a.
bit thm chi tit v Amines Property Package, xem Amines
Property Package trong ti liu hng dn s dng Simulation
Basis.

48

www.thuvien247.net

7.4.3 Thit b ph tr bn sn thp chng (Side Ops Tab)

Thp tch bn sn (Side Stripper), Thp tinh ct bn sn (Side
Rectifier), Bm tun hon (Pump Around), v B x hi (Vapor
Bypass) c th thm vo cho Column t Tab ny. ci t thit b,
bm vo dng Side Ops Input Expert hoc di chuyn n dng cha
Side Ops tng ng v chn Add.
Trong Side Ops Input Expert s c phn hng dn cc bc
thm thit b ph tr bn sn Column.
Nu s dng Add thm thit b, chn nhng dng thit b cn thit,
sau chn Install. Ch rng khi thm mt thit b bn sn thp
chng, nhng tham s k thut cng s t ng add ln Monitor v
Specs. V d, khi thm Side Stripper, Product Draw v Boilup
Ratio, cc tham s k thut ca chng cng c t ng thm vo.
Tng t, tt c cc thit b tng ng cng s c t ng thm vo.
V d vi Side Stripper, b phn a v Reboiler cng c thm vo
trong Column Subflowsheet.
C th view hay delete bt c thit b bn no mt cch n gin bng
cch nh v con tr trn dng tng ng vi thit b, ri chn view
hay delete.
Nu ang xc nh cc thit b bn trong mi trng m phng chnh,
chc chn rng Solver ang hot ng, nu khng, HYSYS s khng
lu li s thay i va thc hin.
Side Strippers Page
C th t mt Side Stripper c Reboiler hay Steam-Stripper t
trang ny. Cn phi xc nh s a, a tho lng (t Main Column),
a tun hon hi (ti Main Column), v Product Stream v Flow Rate
(trn c s Molar, Mass hay Volume).
Vi cu hnh Reboiler, phi xc nh ch s hi lu y, y l t l
hi trn lng ri khi Reboiler. Vi cu hnh Steam-Stripper, cn
49

www.thuvien247.net

xc nh tham s hi nc cp (Steam Feed). Cc c tnh ca Side

Stripper c ch ra trong hnh di y

Lu rng thay i
Side Stripper Draw
(b tho sn phm bn
sn) v Return Stage
(b tun hon tr li
thp) t Colunm
Property view, trng
thi Solver phi ang
ch hot ng
trong mi trng m
phng chnh.

Khi chn Install, h a ca Side Stripper s c thit lp, cng vi

vi Reboiler nu chn cu hnh c Reboiler.
Mc nh, h a nn t tn l SS1, reboiler l SS1_Reb v dng nng
lng cho reboiler l SS1_Energy. Khi c nhiu Side Stripper, ch s
cc k hiu trn s tng ln (v d SS2, SS3,)

Thit b tinh luyn bn cnh sn (Side Rectifiers Page)

Ging nh Side Stripper, cn xc nh s a (number of stages), a
ly sn phm lng, v a tun hon hi.
T l sn phm lng v hi, ng thi ch s hi lu (reflux ratio)
cng cn xc nh. Nhng tham s ny c th thit lp t Monitor
page v Specs page ca Column property view.
50

www.thuvien247.net

Khi thit lp Side Rectifier, Side Rectifier Tray Section (on a

chng luyn) v Partial Condenser (b ngng t mt phn) cng
c thit lp ng thi. Mc nh, on a chng luyn s c t
tn SR_1, b ngng t SR_1_Cond, dng nng lng cho condenser
SR_1_Energy.

Bm hi lu cnh sn (Pump Arounds Page)

Khi thit lp bm hi lu cnh sn, thit b lm lnh cng s c
thit lp ng thi, cc tnh cht ca bm hi lu l tc bm v tn
tht nhit . Tt c cc b phn ny c nhp vo (add) trn
Monitor page v Specs page ca Column.
Sau khi chn Install, c tnh bm hi lu s thay i cho ph hp,
nh hnh di y, cho php thay i tnh cht bm, v xem cc
thng tin tnh ton bm.
51

www.thuvien247.net

Khi ci t mt bm hi
lu, cn xc nh Draw
stage, Return stage,
Molar Flow v Duty

ng hi (Vap Bypasses Page)

Ging bm hi lu cnh sn, trn giao din ny xc nh v tr hi
lu v v tr ly sn phm, cng nh Molar Flow v Duty cho dng
52

www.thuvien247.net

hi. Khi thit lp dng ly sn phm hi, nhit v lu lng dng

s c hin th trn giao din Vapor Bypass view.
Lu lng dng hi s c t ng hin th nh l mt tham s cn
c xc nh. Hnh sau y l giao din Vapor Bypass view sau khi
thit lp b ly sn phm hi cnh sn.

Ly sn phm cnh sn (Side Draws Page)

Trang ny cho php xem v sa i thng tin lin quan n cc dng
nhn sn phm cnh sn (side draw) t Column. Thng tin bao
gm: Draw Stream, Draw Stage, Type (Vapor, Liquid hay Water),
Mole Flow, Mas Flow v Volume Flow.

7.4.4 Rating Tab

Rating tab c bn trang: Tray Sections, Vesels, Equipment v
Pressure Drop
53

www.thuvien247.net

Trang

M t

Tray Sections Cung cp thng tin lin quan n kch thc a.

Trong phn ny, c th xc nh:
H a (tn)
ng knh a
cao ca trn
Chiu di ca trn
Khng gian a
Th tch a

Ch rng
Column
Environment
cng c
Workbook ring
ca n

Vesels

Cung cp thng tin v kch thc bnh cha:

Bnh cha (tn)
ng knh
Chiu di
Th tch
nh hng
Bnh cha c phu (Boot)
ng knh phu (Boot)
Chiu di phu (Boot)

Equipment

Cha mt danh sch cc thit b khc trong Column

flowsheet

Pressure
Drop

Cung cp thng tin v tn tht p sut dc theo thp

(Column):
Sai s p sut cho php
Si s cho php tn tht p sut
Damping Factor
Cc bc lp ln nht khi tnh ton p sut
p sut nh v y thp (Column)

7.4.5 Worksheet tab

Worksheet tab cha tm tt thng tin c trong giao din hin th dng
ca tt c cc dng lin kt vi thit b. Cc trang Conditions,
Properties, Compositions cha nhng thng tin chn lc t cc trang
tng ng ca Worksheet tab trong giao din hin th c tnh dng.
PF Specs cha tm tt ca Dynamic tab trong giao din hin th c
tnh dng.
54

www.thuvien247.net

7.4.6 Performance tab

Trn Performance tab, c th hin th kt qu ca mt Column trn
phn Summary, ng biu din th v bng ca Column trn
phn Results, v thng tin nn trong phn Pinch.
Summary Page
Trang Summary a ra bng tm tt cc tham s ca thp nh nhit
, p sut, lu lng v ti nhit nh hnh sau:

Ch rng cc
lu lng dng
lng v dng hi
l cho tng bc

Bn c th chia
mt dng nguyn
liu thnh cc
thnh phn pha
hoc trn trang
Connection ca
bng Design hoc
trn trang Setup
bng Summary

C th thay i nhng d liu hin th bng cch chn mc tng ng

trong nhm Flow Basis. Vi dng nguyn liu v cc dng ly sn
phm cnh sn, ct VF bn phi mi dng ch ra dng l hi (V)
hay lng (L). Nu nguyn liu u b chia, du * s i sau tn gi mi
pha. Nu c dng nhit, k hiu Q s xut hin trong ct Type bn phi
Feed Column. Ch rng hng dng nhit ph thuc k hiu ca ti
nhit, qua ct trong xut hin k hiu Q. Trong ct Type, F ch
dng nguyn liu v D ch dng sn phm.
Results page
Trong Result page, c th hin th kt qu tnh ton thp trong nh
dng th hoc dng bng nh hnh di y:
55

www.thuvien247.net

Hin th tnh cht bin i qua tng a (Tray by Tray

Properties group)
hin th ton b thp bin i qua tng a, lm cc bc sau:
1. Chn mt c tnh t bng lit k trong nhm Tray by Tray
Properties. Bao gm: nhit , p sut, lu lng, cng sut, t trng,
nht, thnh phn, hng s K v Light/Heavy Key.
2. Xc nh lu lng dng trn a bng cch chn phm ph hp:
Net hay Total. y, Net ch gm cc dng trung gian v Total bao
gm c dng bm hi lu v dng ly sn phm cnh sn.
3. Trong Column Tray Ranges, chn phm ph hp:
thay i th,
vo Inspect trong
vng th ri chn
Graph Control

Radio button

Action

All

Hin th chn c tnh cho tt c cc a lin kt

vi thp (tc l: h a chnh, thp tch cnh sn,
bnh ngng, reboiler)

Single

T danh sch ko th, chn h a. H a chnh

cng vi condenser hay reboiler c xem nh
mt h, cng nh thp tch cnh sn (side
stripper)

From/To

S dng danh sch ko th xc nh khong

c tnh ca thp. u tin s cha a ti v tr
cao nht ca thp (v d cho trng hp s a t
nh xung y, u tin l a 3 v tip theo
l a 6).
56

www.thuvien247.net

4. Sau khi chn khong a, bm vo View Graph hoc vo View

Table hin th biu hay bng tng ng.

Cc th v cc bng
c th hin th m
rng ton b mn
hnh, khng hin th
tnh cht ca thp.

Ty thuc vo loi tham s c chn hin th, s phi xc nh

thm cc thng tin khc. C phm Properties cho c bng v th.
Nhng thay i trn Properties s tc ng n c bng v th. Bng
sau m t cc thng s k thut cho mi cch hin th.
57

www.thuvien247.net

Profile Type M t
Temperature Hin th bin thin nhit cho khong a c
Profile
chn. Khng cn nhng tham s khc
Presure
Profile

Hin th p sut cho mi a trong khong chn.

Khng cn nhng tham s khc

Trong nhm Basis, chn Molar, Mass, hoc Liquid

Flow Profile Volume

Trong nhm Phase, kch hot hp chn ph hp cho

dng pha mun hin th, c th nhiu dng s cng
c a ra. Nu trong thp khng c ba pha, check
box Heavy Liquid s khng c, v do , hp chn
Light Liquid s i din cho pha lng.
Bng Properties
Profile hin th tt c
cc tnh cht cho cc
pha c chn

Chn dng mol, khi lng hay th tch lng:

Properties
Profile
(MW.Dens.,
Visc.,)

Lm tng t nh phn trn.

Trong nhm Axis Assignment, bng cch chn pha
di Left, s nhp cc gi tr c tnh thch hp
vo trc y bn tri. biu din c tnh th hai,
chn pha di Right. Trc y bn phi hin th c
tnh th hai. Nu ch mun biu din mt c tnh
trn biu , chn None di cng ca Right.

58

www.thuvien247.net

Profile Type M t
Trong nhm Basis, chn Molar, Mass, hay Liquid
Volume hin th thnh phn

Composition

Trong nhm Phase, kch hot hp chn cho dng

mi pha m mun hin th. Nu trong thp khng
c ba pha, hp chn Heavy Liquid s khng c, do
, hp chn Light Liquid s i din cho pha lng.
Chn hoc Fractions hay Flows trong Comp Basis.
Nhm Component hin th danh sch tt c cc cu
t i vo thp. C th hin th bt k cu t no
bng cch kch hot hp chn tng ng. th s
biu din tt c cc bin thin thnh phn trong thp
qua tng a.
Hng s K

Hin th bin thin gi tr K qua mi a. chn cu

t cn thit trong giao din hin th Properties.

59

www.thuvien247.net

Profile Type M t
Key
Hin th t l phn on ca mi on thp. Trong
Light/Heavy nhm Basis chn Molar, Mass hay Liquid Volume.

Trong nhm Phase, chn Vapor, Light Liquid hay

Heavy Liquid v trong Comp Basis, chn Fractions
hay Flows, chn key component trong Light Key
v Heavy Key.

Pinch Page

Trn giao din Pinch ch hin th v lit k nhng thng tin cho mi
a ca Tray Section, Condenser v Reboiler, cho php chn Flows
60

www.thuvien247.net

Basis, sau HYSYS lit k Flow v Enthalpy cho mi a, condenser

v reboiler c chn trong Flow Basis.

2/3 Phase Page

Cch tt nht, Hysys
s chn Pure cho tt
c hydrocarbon v
Rigorous cho tt c
ha cht trong chng
ct. Cch chn ny
ch yu da vo loi
Fluid Package s dng
nhng cng c th
c thay i bi
ngi s dng

2/3 Phase Page trong Performance tab v hin th thng tin v lu

lng dng lng khi chng ct ba pha. HYSYS s kim tra v tnh
ton lu lng ca pha lng th hai trn mt a no hoc trn tt
c cc a ca thp. Thng tin ny c hin th trn ct L2Rate.
Trang Summary hin th lu lng lng cho mi on ca thp. Phi
vo trang ny thy s ph v hai pha lng ca dng lng.
Lu rng nhm 2nd Liquid Type a ra hai la chn: Rigorous v
Pure. Phng php Rigorous tnh ton lu hn phng php Pure.
Khi tnh ton vi cc hydrocarbon th phng php Pure ph hp hn.
Phng php Rigorous thch hp khi tnh ton vi cc ha cht khc
(s dng active models) v cho kt qu tt hn. D
61

www.thuvien247.net

7.4.7 Flowsheet Tab

Setup Page
Giao din thc hin kt ni gia lu trnh bn trong (lu trnh con
subflowsheet) vi lu trnh chnh bn ngoi (parent flowsheet).
chia tt c cc
dng vt liu
thnh cc pha vi
cc cu t, trc
khi a vo thp,
chn Split Feeds.

Labels, nh gii thiu trc, lin kt cc dng trong lu trnh chnh

vi cc dng trong lu trnh con. Labels cng thc hin vic chuyn
cc thng tin ca dng t h nhit ng c s dng trong lu trnh
chnh sang h nhit ng s dng trong lu trnh con trong mi trng
thp (nu nh hai h nhit ng l khc nhau). Chuyn i c bn
c mc nh cho cc dng vt liu l P-H Flash
Transfer Basis ch c ngha khi cc h nhit ng ca lu trnh
chnh v lu trnh con l khc nhau.
Flash Type

Action

T-P Flash

p sut v nhit ca cc dng s c chuyn qua

gia cc lu trnh. Phn pha hi mi s c tnh ton

VF-T Flash

Phn pha hi (Vapor Fraction) v nhit ca cc

dng s c chuyn qua gia cc lu trnh. Gi tr p
sut mi s c tnh ton

VF-P Flash

Phn pha hi (Vapor Fraction) v nhit ca cc

dng s c chuyn qua gia cc lu trnh. Gi tr
nhit mi s c tnh ton

P-H Flash

p sut v Enthalpy ca cc dng s c chuyn qua

gia cc lu trnh. y l chuyn i c bn mc nh

User Specs

Ngi d dng khai bo chuyn i c bn cho dng

vt liu

None
Required

Khng cn tnh ton cho dng nng lng. Dng nng

lng s c chuyn qua gia cc lu trnh.

Khi chn Split cho cc dng vt cht c chn, dng s c

chia thnh pha hi v pha lng ca hn hp cc cu t a vo thp.
Dng lng sau c dn vo a np liu v dng hi dn vo a
ngay pha trn a np liu.
62

www.thuvien247.net

Nhm Flowsheet Topology cung cp cc thng tin ca cc sn phm

trong lu trnh (flowsheet) trn cc on a trong thp. Trong hnh
sau Nhm Flowsheet Topology cho thy s bc cho mi loi sn
phm: thp chnh (Main TS) c 29 a, thp con kerosen (Kero_SS) c
ba a, thp con diesen (Diesel_SS) c ba a, thp con AGO_SS c ba
a, Condenser tnh l mt a, Reboiler tnh l mt a.

Flowsheet Variables Page (Main)

Giao din ny cho php la chn v iu khin cc bin t mt v tr.
c th kim tra cc bin ca lu trnh con (subflowsheet) t giao din
bn ngoi thuc tnh ca thp m khng cn i vo bn trong mi
trng lu trnh con ca thp.
C th thm, sa hoc xa bt cc bin trong Selected Column
flowsheet Variables group (nhm Cc bin lu trnh chnh ca thp
chn).

63

www.thuvien247.net

Thm bin
1. Bm phm Add
2. T Variable Navigator, chn cc tham s cho bin.
3. Bm phm OK
4. Bin c thm Selected Column flowsheet Variables group
Sa bin
C th sa cc bin trong Selected Column flowsheet Variables group
nh sau:
1. nh du bin cn sa
2. Bm phm Edit
3. La chn thay i trong Variable Navigator
4. Bm phm OK
Xa bin
C th xa bin bng mt trong hai cch sau y:
nh du bin v bm phm Delete
nh du bin v bm phm Edit, sau bm phm Disconect t
Variable Navigator
Internal Streams Page
Trn giao din ny c th thit lp lu trnh dng, dng s th hin
trong pha bt k ri khi a bt k ca thp. Cc dng ca cc thit b
ph tr (tc l cc thp tch bn sn, condenser, reboiler,) cng c
th c coi l dng ch (target stream). Mi thay i xy ra vi thp,
cc thng tin mi s t ng chuyn ti dng c thit lp trong
lu trnh.

64

www.thuvien247.net

Hnh trn cho thy trong giao din Internal Stream c thm dng,
dng lng t a 7 ti a 8 ca thp chnh c thm vo. Trnh t
thc hin thm dng bn trong thp nh sau:
1. Bm phm Add
2. t con tr chut vo bn di ch Stream v nhp tn Liquid7.
Tn ca dng s xut hin trong thanh edit bar.
3. t con tr chut vo bn di ch Stage, c th m danh sch
ko th t edit bar v chn a 7 hoc ch cn g ch 7, ch v tr
la chn trong danh sch.
4. Di ch Type, c th chn pha lng (hoc hi, hoc ng ph) m
mun miu t. Trong trng hp ny chn Liquid.
5. a con tr chut vo bn di ch Net/Total, phi chn hoc
Net hoc Total. Net th hin dng vt liu t thp con m chn
ti thp con tip theo (bn trn cho pha hi, bn di cho pha lng
hoc ng ph) ca thp chnh. Bng cch chn Total, dng bn
trong thp s th hin ton b vt liu ri khi thp con (tc l bao
gm cc ng ly sn phm bn cnh sn, dng ca bm tun
hon,). Vi dng lng t a 7, chn Net.

7.4.8 Reactions Tab

Thp Chng ct-Phn ng c s dng nhiu nm tin hnh
cc phn ng ha hc, trong thc t l cc phn ng este ha. u im
ca vic s dng Thp Chng ct-Phn ng tin hnh cc phn ng
ha hc l:
C kh nng iu khin phn ng xy ra hon ton (ph v gii
hn nhit ng i vi phn ng thun nghch) v tch cc sn
phm phn ng ch trong mt thit b, nh vy bt c chi ph
tun hon v thit b phn ng.
Hn ch kh nng xy ra phn ng ph bng cch lin tc ly sn
phm khi pha lng.
65

www.thuvien247.net

Thc hin nhit cao (dung dch si) nh vy lm tng tc

phn ng ca nhng phn ng thu nhit.
Tn dng nhit ca phn ng ta nhit cho cc phn ng thu
nhit, nh thay th gn nh tng ng nhit cung cp t bn
ngoi un si hn hp phn ng.
Reaction tab cho php gn nhiu phn ng vo thp. Tab c hai page:
Stage page v Result page. Stage page cho php la chn phn ng s
xy ra trong thp. Result page hin th cc kt qu phn ng ln lt
tng a.
Trc khi thm phn ng vo thp, phi chc chn rng s dng
chnh xc phng php tnh ton thp. HYSYS c ba phng php
tnh ton thp cho Thp Chng ct-Phn ng.
Phng php tnh

Loi phn ng

Pha xy ra phn ng

Sparse Continuation
Solver

Kinetic Rate
Simple Rate
Equilibrium Reaction

Vapor, Liquid

Newton Raphson
Inside-Out

Kinetic Rate
Simple Rate

Liquid

Simultaneous
Correction

Kinetic Rate
Simple Rate
Equilibrium Reaction

Vapor, Liquid,
Combined Phase

Cng cn lu rng phng php Sparse Continuation Solver cho

php gn mt nhm phn ng (reaction set) bao gm mt tp hp cc
phn ng vo thp chng ca .
Stages Page
Trong giao din ca Stages Page c nhm cc phn ng trong thp
chng (Column Reaction Stages), v c ba phm New, Edit v
Delete.
Column Reaction Stages Matrix
Column Reaction Stages Matrix bao gm bn ct nh trong hnh
di y.
66

www.thuvien247.net

Ct Column Reaction Name l tn m tp hp cc phn ng vi

Thp chng-Phn ng. Ch rng y khng phi l tn ca
reaction set m thit lp ban u trong Fluid Package.
Ct First Stage l on thp trn cng ti xy ra phn ng.
Ct Last Stage l on thp di cng ti xy ra phn ng.
Ct Active l tp hp cc phn ng xy ra bn trong thp.
Trong giao din c ba phm c th thm, sa hoc xa bt cc phn
ng trong thp:
Phm New cho php thm reaction set vo thp thng qua giao
din Column Reaction. c thm thng tin chi tit xem trong mc
Column Reaction view tip theo di y.
Phm Edit cho php sa reaction set trong thp c chn trong
Column Reaction Stages Matrix. Giao din Column Reaction s
xut hin. Thng tin chi tit xem trong mc Column Reaction
View di y.
Phm Delete cho php xa bt nhm phn ng trong thp chn.
Thng tin chi tit xem trong mc Column Reaction View di
y.
67

www.thuvien247.net

Column Reaction View

Vic thm v xem li cc phn ng xy ra trong thp chng c thc

hin trong giao din Column Reaction View. Giao din ny bao gm
hai nhm:
Reaction Set Information: cho php la chn reation set v phm
vi ng dng ca chng. Trong nhm ny c su i tng:
i tng

M t

Name

Tn c t ti y s xut hin trong ct Column

Reaction Name ca Column Reaction Stages Matrix

Reaction Set

Cho php la chn reaction set t danh sch cc

reaction sets thit lp trong Fluid Package

First Stage

Gii hn trn ca phn ng cho bit phn ng s xy

ra trong on thp pha trn

Last Stage

Gii hn di ca phn ng cho bit phn ng s xy

ra trong on thp ny

Delete

Xa phn ng trong thp chng

Active

Kch hot hoc khng kch hot phn ng tp hp

phn ng trong thp.
68

www.thuvien247.net

Reaction Information: cha cc thng tin nhit ng hc v h s

t lng ca cc phng trnh phn ng ang s dng trong on
thp chng chn. Trong nhm ny c Reation field cho php
la chn phn ng t reaction set chn. c th xem phn ng
bng cch bm vo phm Reaction View. Trong nhm ny cn c
ba nhm con cho php xem hoc khai bo cc thuc tnh ca phn
ng:

Nhm con (subgroup) M t

Bn c th thay i
ni dung trong cc
nhm con ny.
Nhng thay i
ny s nh hng
n ton b qu
trnh. Bm phm
View Reactions
xem thm cc
thng tin lin quan
n cc phn ng.

Stoichiometry

Cho php xem v sa cng thc t lng ca

phn ng ang chn trong danh sch ko th.
C ba ct:
Components - hin th cc cu t trong
phn ng.
Mole Wt. - hin th khi lng phn t ca
mi cu t trong phn ng
Stoich Coeff - cc h s t lng trong
phng trnh phn ng

Basis

C hai trng:
Base Component - hin th cu t phn ng
chnh c s dng tnh ton lng tiu
th hoc sn phm ca phn ng, thng l
cht c khi lng gii hn.
Reation phase - hin th pha trong
phng trnh ng hc phn ng cho cc
pha khc nhau c th c m hnh ha
trong cng mt thit b phn ng. Xem cc
phn ng c th xy ra bng cch bm phm
View Reaction, chn Reaction Information.

Heat and Balance

Error

C hai trng:
Reaction Heat - hin th nhit phn ng
Balance Error - hin th sai s trong tnh ton
cn bng vt liu lin quan n phn ng.

69

www.thuvien247.net

Results Page
Trn giao din ny hin th kt qu tnh ton thp hi t, bao gm
bn ct s liu:
Ct th nht l cc a trong thp
Ct Rxn Name tn ca phn ng xy ra ti a tng ng
Ct Base Comp tn ca cu t phn ng s dng tnh ton
lng tiu th hoc sn phm ca phn ng
Ct Rxn Extent lng tiu th hoc sn phm ca cu t chn
trong phn ng

Lu rng nu nh c nhiu phn ng xy ra ti a bt k ca thp,

mi phn ng s xut hin ng thi.
Lu rng kt qu Rxn Extent s hin th ch khi chn phng php
tnh Sparse Continuation Solver
Design Tips for Reactive Distilation
Mc d c th thc hin nhiu thp chng luyn - phn ng v c mt
vi cu hnh thp, ni chung cu hnh ca thp c th chia thnh ba
70

www.thuvien247.net

on: on luyn, on phn ng v on chng. Trong khi on

luyn v on chng ging nh thp chng, trong thp chng - phn
ng cn c thm on phn ng. on phn ng ca thp l ni xy ra
phn ng. Khng c yu cu ring c bit no cho on ny.

Rectifying
Section
Reactive
Section

Stripping
Section

Mt vi vn cn ch xem xt khi thit k thp chng-phn ng:

p sut lm vic phi c xem xt nh hng trc tip ca p sut
n cn bng phn ng.
V tr a nhp liu ti u cho thp chng-phn ng phi ngay st
pha di on phn ng (nh m t trong hnh v trn). a dng
nguyn liu vo qu xa pha di on phn ng s lm gin hiu
sut tch ca on chng v kt qu l lm tng nng lng cn
cung cp.
Hi lu trong thp chng-phn ng c hai mc ch. Khi tng tc
hi lu gia tng s tch v tun hon cht phn ng cha tham
gia phn ng vo vng phn ng do lm tng chuyn ha.
Reboiler Duty l bao gm ton b nhit cho thp chng-phn ng
v cn phi thc hin tun hon cht cha tham gia phn ng, cht
71

www.thuvien247.net

phn ng nng ln vng phn ng, bao gm cu t nh t vng

phn ng, nu Reboiler Duty qu cao hoc qu thp, chuyn ha
v tinh khit c th b nh hng.

7.4.9 Dynamics Tab

Dynamics Tab c ba trang: Vessel, Equipment v Holdup. Trong m
phng tnh khng cn thay i thng tin trong ny. c thm thng
tin chi tit, xem trong ti liu hng dn m phng ng.

72

www.thuvien247.net

7.5 Cc thuc tnh ca thp

Trong phn ny tm tt km theo nhng chi tit cn thit v cc kiu
thuc tnh (spec) khc nhau ca thp. Cc thuc tnh c a vo v
bin i trong Specs Page hoc Monitor Page ca Degisn Tab.
Vic b sung v thay i thuc tnh ca thp kh n gin. Nu to
mt thp da trn mt trong nhng thp mu (templates), HYSYS s
mc nh nhng thuc tnh ny theo thp mu. Cc loi thuc tnh mc
nh ny ph thuc vo thp mu m chn (xem thm Default
Replaceable Specifications hay Section 7.3.2-Temp).

7.5.1 Thuc tnh lnh (Cold Property Specification)

Cold Property

M t

Flash Point

Nhit chp chy cc kn (ASTM

D93 flast point temperature closed cup)
ca dng lng hay hi ly ra t bt k
on no trong thp.

Pour Point

Nhit im c theo ASTM cho

dng lng hay hi ly ra t bt k on
no trong thp.

RON

Ch s Octan nghin cu cho dng lng

hay hi ly ra t bt k on no trong
thp.

7.5.2 Lu lng cu t
Lu lng dng (mol, khi lng hay th tch) ca cu t hay lu
lng dng tng cho nhm cc cu t, c th c xc nh cho dng
73

www.thuvien247.net

ra t on bt k ca thp. Nu dng sn phm lng hay hi ly ra t

bn cnh sn ca on thp c chn th s bao gm c dng lng
v kh bn trong thp.

7.5.3 Phn mol cc cu t (Component Fractions)

C th xc nh mole, khi lng, th tch ca pha lng hay hi ti
on bt k trong thp hoc xc nh cc gi tr ca mi cu t hoc
tng phn mole nhiu cu t.

7.5.4 T l cc cu t (Component Ratio)

T l (mol, khi lng hay phn th tch) cng c xc nh cho pha
lng hay hi ti on bt k trong thp.

74

www.thuvien247.net

7.5.5 Mc thu hi cc cu t (Component Recovery)

Phn mol, khi lng hay th tch ca cu t (hay nhm cu t) bn
trong thp hay dng sn phm ly ra chia cho dng cu t (hoc
nhm) trong dng hn hp nguyn liu vo thp. Mc thu hi cc
cu t l t l gia hai dng, v vy cn xc nh gi tr ca phn on.
Khng cn xc nh Flow Basis khi t s ca cng cu t gia dng
xc nh v dng nguyn liu vo thp.

7.5.6 im ct (Cut Point)

Lu rng khi im
ct ban u v im
ct cui cng
c chp nhn,
thng s dng 5 v
95 phn trm im
ct xc nh sai s
ti thiu biu din
im u mt ca
ng cong im si.

Vic la chn nhit im ct c xc nh cho dng lng hay hi

ly ra t thp theo cc tiu chun TBP, ASTM D86, D1160 Vac,
D1160 ATM, ASTM D2887. Vi D86, s s dng ASTM Cracking
Factor. Vi D1160, s s dng Atmospheric Pressure. im ct c th
l phn mol, khi lng hay th tch phn on c bn v nhn gi tr
t 0 n 100%. Figure 7.45

7.5.7 Lu lng dng sn phm (Draw Rate)

75

www.thuvien247.net

Lu lng mol, khi lng, th tch ca dng sn phm phi c xc

nh.

7.5.8 Chnh lch nhit Delta T (Heater/Cooler)

S chnh lch nhit trong b phn un nng hoc lm lnh phi
c xc nh. Cc thit b ny c thit lp trong quy trnh cng
ngh ca thp v Modified HYSYM Inside-Out (s bin i d liu
vo-ra) ca phng php tnh phi c la chn trn the Solver page
ca Parameters tab. F
igure 7.43

7.5.9 Chnh lch nhit cc dng Delta T (Streams)

Hiu nhit gia dng vo 2 thp cng phi c xc nh.

7.5.10 Nhit nng (Duty)

cn phi khai bo nhit nng ca dng nng lng

7.5.11 T s nhit nng (Duty Ratio)

76

www.thuvien247.net

Cn khai bo t s nhit nng ca 2 dng nng lng. Khi nhp dng

nng lng cho thp, la chn dng nng lng bao gm c nng
lng ca bm hi lu (nu c).

7.5.12 T s cp liu (Feed Ratio)

Cho php thit lp t s gia lu lng trn hoc t bt k on no
ca thp vi dng nguyn liu ngoi vo. Cn phi nhp lu lng
dng (hi, lng,) trong thp v nguyn liu vo thp.

7.5.13 Chnh lch im ct (Gap Cut Point)

Chnh lch im ct c nh ngha l chnh lch nhit gia 2
im ct (Cut Point A) cho dng lng hay hi ri khi thp v im
ct (Cut Point B) trn on khc. Cn phi nh r ng cong chng
ct c s dng: TBP, ASTM D86, D1160 Vac, D1160 ATM hoc
ASTM D2887. cn phi xc nh r im ct A v B, tng ca chng
phi l 100%. im ct c th l phn mol, khi lng hay th tch.
Thuc tnh ny c s
dng tt nht khi c
kt hp vi t nht mt
thuc tnh ca dng;
khi s dng thuc tnh
ny vi tham s nhit
c th dn n
nghim khng duy nht.
77

www.thuvien247.net

7.5.14 Lu lng dng lng (Liquid Flow)

Phn mol, khi lng hay th tch dng lng (nng hay nh) c th
c xc nh cho tng on thp.`

7.5.15 Cc thuc tnh vt l (Physical Property Spec.)

Khi lng ring ca dng lng hay kh c th c xc nh cho tng
on thp.

7.5.16 Cc thuc tnh bm hi lu cnh sn

78

www.thuvien247.net

Thuc tnh
Lu lng dng
gim nhit
Lu rng Pump
Around Rate cng
nh Pump Around
Temperature Drop
l cc thuc tnh
c mc nh
trong HYSYS

Tun hon nhit

Nng sut bm

M t
C th c xc nh bng cc i
lng mol, khi lng hoc th tch
lng.
C th xc nh gim nhit ti
trao i nhit ca bm hi lu cnh
sn, cng ging nh khi bt u cho
nhit dng tun hon tr li bm.
Cn xc nh nhit lng tun hon ca
dng vo bm. phi m bo l ch
r lu lng v nng sut bm tun
hon. Nh vy th 3 bin lin quan (lu
lng, nhit nng trao i, nhit )
c xc nh. HYSYS s khng thay
i bin tm gii php hi t.
Cn phi xc nh nng sut ca bm

Phn hi tun hon Cn ch r phn hi tun hon li bm

Xc nh h s nng sut bm hi lu
H s nng sut
cho thuc tnh thp, nhp gi tr thay th
h s nng sut thp v nh r dng
nng lng cho bm hi lu. Xem thm
Section 7.5.11

7.5.17 Ch s hi lu y (Reboil Ratio)

T l phn mol, khi lng hoc th tch ca dng hi v dng lng ra
khi on thp xc nh.

7.5.18 Ch s hi lu nh (Reflux Ratio)

79

www.thuvien247.net

T s gia phn mol, khi lng hay th tch dng lng (nng hoc
nh) ra khi on thp vi tng dng hi v dng lng ly ra cnh
sn ca thp.
Ch s hi lu nh
thng c s
dng cho a trn
nh thp, nhng
n cng c th xc
nh cho on thp
bt k.

7.5.19 Phn chia dng (Tee Split Fraction)

Phn chia dng ti TEE c th c xc nh. TEE phi c thit lp
Xem phn 4.3 Tee
thm chi tit v
hot ng ca
TEE.

cng vi quy trnh cng ngh ca thp v c kt ni trc tip vi

thp tc l vi dng sn phm ly ra cnh sn, vi dng vo bm
tun hon,v.v Phng php tnh phi c la chn trn Params
page.
Cc thuc tnh ca b chia dng TEE ny c t ng thit lp khi
to lp TEE trong s cng ngh ca thp; tuy nhin, nn la chn
kch hot cc thuc tnh trn Monitor hoc Specs Page. Thay i gi
tr cc thuc tnh ca cc dng sau khi phn chia dng ti TEE c
thc hin Splits Page ca TEE.

7.5.20 Nhit ca a (Tray Temperature)

Nhit ca tng on thp cn phi xc nh c th.

80

www.thuvien247.net

7.5.21 Thuc tnh vn chuyn (Transport Property Spec.)

Cc i lng nh nht, sc cng b mt hoc dn nhit c th
c xc nh cho dng lng ra khi on thp no . nht hoc
dn nhit cng c th xc nh khi dng hi ra khi on thp bt
k. Nhit tng ng cng c th c cung cp.
Lu l khi s tip xc ca dng hi vi dng lng, thi gian tnh
ton nht dng hi cn phi ln hn thi gian cn thit tnh
nht dng lng tip xc vi dng hi.

7.5.22 Cc tnh cht do ngi s dng thit lp

Cc tnh cht do ngi s dng yu cu c th c thit lp thm cho
dng ra khi on thp bt k. C th la chn thuc tnh trong lu
trnh v xc nh gi tr ca n. Nhng tnh cht c thit lp ny
cng s c s dng trong qu trnh tnh ton cc thuc tnh khc.

7.5.23 Lu lng dng hi (Vapor Flow)

Lu lng phn mol, khi lng hoc th tch dng hi c th xc
nh cho on thp bt k. Cc dng nguyn liu cp vo a v cc
dng sn phm ly ra khi a c tnh ton.
81

www.thuvien247.net

7.5.24 Thnh phn hi (Vapor Fraction)

Thnh phn ca dng hi ri on thp bt k cng cn xc nh.

7.5.25

p sut hi (Vapor Pressure Spec.)

C hai loi p sut hi: p sut tht ca hi 100oF (@100 oF) v p

sut hi Reid.
Loi hi

M t

p sut hi

p sut tht ca hi 100oF,c th c xc

nh khi dng lng hay kh ri khi on thp
bt k.

p sut hi p sut hi Reid c th c xc nh khi

dng lng hay hi ri khi on thp bt k.
Reid
Cc gi tr p sut phi c a ra theo n
v o p sut

82

www.thuvien247.net

7.5.26 Cc thuc tnh dng ca thp

Ch c mt thuc
tnh phi c thit
lp cho mi dng
sn phm ly ra
cnh sn.

Cc thuc tnh thnh phn dng ca thp c to lp trong lu trnh

con (subflowsheet) ca thp. Khng ging nh cc thuc tnh khc,
thuc tnh dng c to lp thng qua giao din thuc tnh ca dng
v khng c trong giao din thuc tnh ca thp (Column Runner
Specs page). C th thm cc thuc tnh cho dng:
Phi la chn phng php The Modified HYSIM Inside-Out
thc hin gii bi ton.
Phi l dng sn phm ly ra cnh sn.
Phm Create Column Stream Spec trn Conditions page ca
Worksheet tab ch c c trong giao din Stream Property Views
trong lu trnh con ca thp. Bm vo phm ny vo giao din thuc
tnh ca dng Stream Spec view.

Figure 7.60

Khi to hoc kch hot

c tnh dng mi cho
mi bc s t ng b
kch hot cho cc dng
sn phm khc t bc .

Vi dng sn phm ly ra t bc phn tch (on a, ngng t nh

thp hoc un si y thp), ch c nhit ca dng c th khai bo
c. Vi dng t bc khng phn tch (t bm, b phn gia nhit, v.v
) c th khai bo nhit hoc thuc tnh phn on hi. Vi mt
bc bt k, ch c th kch hot thuc tnh ca mt dng sn phm ti
thi im cho.
Khi thm thuc tnh cho dng, bm vo phm trn Conditions page
ca Worksheet tab thay i t Create Column Stream Spec sang
View Column Stream Spec v c th la chn giao din Stream
Specification view.

83

www.thuvien247.net

7.6 Cc thit b ph tr thp

(Column-Specific Operations)
Qu trnh thit lp cc thit b ph tr trong lu trnh con
(subflowsheet) ca thp tng t nh trong s chnh (main
flowsheet). c thm thng tin chi tit, xem mc 1.2.1 Installing
Operation. Giao din UnitOps ca thp c kch hot bng cch la
chn Add Operation t Flowsheet trn Menu Bar, hoc bm phm
F12.

Lu : ch nhng
thit b c kh nng
kt ni vi thp
mi c hin th
trong lu trnh con
ca thp

Nhng thit b c th hin th trong lu trnh con ca thp c ghi

trong bng di y. Hu ht nhng thit b ny u c HYSYS
nhn dng v hin th cng vi cc thit b khc trong lu trnh chnh
phc v cho vic tnh ton, hin th tnh cht...
Cc loi thng cha
(Vessels)

Cc thit b truyn nhit

Thit b quay
Thit b trn ng ng dn
Cc cng c Logical

Thit b ngng t ba pha, thit b

ngng t mt phn, thit b un si
y thp, thit b ngng t ton phn,
cc a chng.
Gia nhit, Lm lnh, trao i nhit
Bm
Van
Cn bng, Digital Pt, iu khin PID,
Selector Block, Transfer Function
Block
84

www.thuvien247.net

7.6.1 Thit b ngng t (Condenser)

CONDENSER l thit b dng ngng t hi thnh lng bng cch
lm lnh ly bt nhit ca dng hi. Trong HYSYS, CONDENSER
ch c s dng trong mi trng ca thp v ni chung lin kt vi
on thp c cha cc a chng (TRAY SECTION).
C bn loi thit b ngng t:
Lu : thit b
ngng t tng phn
c th tr thnh
thit b ngng t
ton phn bng
cch t lu lng
dng hi ra bng 0

Partial Condenser Button

Total Condenser Button

Mt phn

Nguyn liu vo c ngng t mt phn, c

dng sn phm hi v lng. Lu rng thit b
ngng t tng phn c th tr thnh thit b
ngng t ton phn bng cch t lu lng
dng hi ra bng 0

Ton phn

Nguyn liu vo c ngng t hon ton, ch

c sn phm lng

Ba pha - ha hc

C hai dng sn phm lng, v mt dng sn

phm hi

Ba pha hydrocacbon

C mt dng sn phm lng, mt dng sn

phm nc, v mt dng sn phm hi

Giao din Condenser Property s dng kiu danh sch ko th, c th

chuyn i qua li gia cc loi thit b ngng t, khng phi xa v khi
to thit b mi. ng thi vi vic chuyn i qua li, giao din cng s
thay i cho ph hp vi loi thit b c la chn.

Three-Phase Condenser
Button

Khi lm vic steady

state mode, khng
cn thit phi khai
bo trong cc tab
Rating v Dynamics

85

www.thuvien247.net

Khi thm thp vo s s dng cc template c sn ca HYSYS, c

th c mt thit b ngng t c km theo thp. thm thit b
ngng t, bm phm F12 la chn t giao din UnitOps hoc la chn
trong Column Pallet.
Giao din hin th thuc tnh ca thit b ngng t cng ging ht nh
cc thit b khc, bao gm 5 tab nh hnh v trn.
Cn thit phi cung cp thng tin Connections v Parameters cho
Condenser. Cc thng tin trn Rating v Dynamics tabs khng cn
thit trong m phng tnh.

Design Tab
Connections Page
Trong giao din ca Connections page hin th tn ca thit b, cng
nh tn ca cc dng vt cht vo v ra thit b. Tuy nhin cng ty
vo loi thit b ngng t c chn m mt vi dng vt cht s
khng c (v d vi thit b ngng t ton phn, s khng c dng hi)
V mc nh, ng hi vo thit b s c ly t nh thp, v dng
hi lu s quay tr li a trn cng thp.
Parameters Page

Tt hn ht hy s
dng tham s v
cng sut, hn l
thit lp dng nng
lng.

Cc thng s c thit lp trang ny s l:

86

www.thuvien247.net

gim p (Delta P)
Nhit nng (Duty)
Subcooling Data
gim p
Gi tr mc nh ban u ca gim p (Delta P) bng 0.
gim p c th hin trong biu thc sau:
P = Pv = Pl = Pngliu P
Trong : P

: p sut trong thp

Pv

: p sut sn phm hi ra

Pl

: p sut sn phm lng ra

Pngliu : p sut ca dng nguyn liu vo thp

P : gim p ca thp
Khi thit lp mt thp, ni chung s cung cp p sut ca thit b
ngng t. Do , p sut nh thp l kt qu c HYSYS t ng
tnh ton.
Nhit nng (Duty)
C th khai bo nhit nng cho dng nng lng ti y, nhng tt
hn khi thit lp trong giao din ca thp (Monitor hoc Specs page).
Nh vy s linh hot hn khi cn iu chnh cc tham s cng nh
thit lp khong sai s.
Nhit nng khi c gi tr dng th hin dng nng lng c ly ra
t dng vo condenser. Nu dng nng lng c t tn trong
Connections page, th tn ca dng s c hin th ti y.
Cn bng nng lng trong thit b ngng t (m phng tnh)
Hfeed - Duty = Hvapor + Hliquid
Trong : Hfeed = Nng lng dng nguyn liu vo thit b
Hvapor = Nhit lng dng sn phm hi ra
Hliquid = Nhit lng dng sn phm lng ra
87

www.thuvien247.net

H nhit xung di nhit si (SubCooling)

Trong mt vi trng hp, c th cn lm lnh cht lng xung di
im si (ngng t). Mc lm lnh hoc nhit lm lnh s
ckhai bo. Khi bit mt trong cc tham s, tham s cn li s t
ng c tnh ton.
Estimate Page
Trn giao din ny, c th khai bo gi tr c lng lu lng v
thnh phn pha ca cc dng ra khi thit b ngng t.

Worksheet Tab

Trong M phng tnh,

tt c cc th s
c hin th nm
ngang. Ch c trong
m phng ng cc
th s hin th cc
bin dc theo chiu
cao thp.

Hin th cc thng tin ging nh trong Workbook. Tuy nhin, y

ch hin th tham s ca nhng dng c lin kt trc tip vi thit b
ngng t
Performance Tab
Performance gm hai trang: Plots v Tables. Ti y hin th nhng
gi tr c tnh ton hon chnh, c th xem cc b thng s
c tnh ton: nhit , p sut, dng nhit, enthalpy, hoc thnh
phn hi. Cui mi trang, l khong (intervals) ca cc gi tr c
tnh ton v cc th.
88

www.thuvien247.net

7.6.2 Reboiler (thit b un si y thp)

Reboiler Button

Khi la chn thp hp th hoc chng ct, s lun km theo thit b

un nng y thp (Reboiler) kt ni vi a di cng ca thp gm
cc dng ti Reboiler v dng hi lu y Boilup.
Reboiler c dng ha hi mt phn hoc ton b dng lng.
Reboiler phi c thit lp trong mi trng subflowsheet ca thp.
Trong mi trng subflowsheet ca thp, bm phm F12 v chn
Reboiler. Ngoi ra c th chn t giao din UnitsOps hoc chn
Reboiler trong Column Palette.
Giao din c tnh Reboiler cng c 5 tab chnh ging nh cc thit b
khc: Design, Rating, Worksheet, Performance v Dynamics.
Trong m phng tnh, ch phi khai bo cc thng tin trong
Connections v Parametters cho Reboiler.

Design Tab
Connections Page
Ti Connections page, ngi dng phi t tn cho Reboiler, khai bo
cc dng vo, dng ra v dng nng lng.
Reboiler c s dng cng vi thp, un si cht lng t y thp (l
dng nguyn liu vo Reboiler) v dng Boilup t Reboiler quay tr
v y thp.

89

www.thuvien247.net

Parameters Page
gim p ti Reboiler mc nh bng 0.
Nhit nng ca thit b c thit lp trang ny. Nhit nng c
thit lp phi l mt s dng, c ngha l cung cp nhit cho cht
lng. Nu t tn cho dng nng lng trong Connections page th
tn cng s c hin th ti y. Lu rng nu khai bo Duty
trn Monitor hoc Specs page trong giao din chnh ca thp th
khng cn khai bo ti y na.

90

www.thuvien247.net

Cn bng nng lng ca Reboiler trong m phng tnh c tnh

bng biu thc sau:
Hfeed + Duty = Hvapor + Hbottom + Hboilup
trong :
Hfeed = Nhit dng cht lng vo Reboiler
Hvapor = Nhit dng hi ra khi thit b
Hbottom = Nhit dng sn phm y thp
Hboilup = Nhit dng hi quay v y thp
Worksheet Tab
Cung cp cc thng tin v cc dng ging nh trong giao din
Materials Streams page ca Workbook. Tuy nhin, y ch hin th
thng s ca nhng dng c lin kt trc tip vi Reboiler.
Performance Tab
Performance tab gm Plots v Tables page. Cui mi giao din, khai
bo khong cch (intervals) ca cc gi tr tnh ton c hin th
trong bng hoc th.

7.6.3. a
Mt thp c m phng, ti thiu phi c on thp c cc a
(TRAY SECTION). Ti mi a s c dng kh i t di ln v dng
lng i t trn xung, v dng cp liu no , hoc dng sn phm
ly ra cnh sn, gp nhau ti a v xy ra qu trnh trao i nhit v
trao i cht gia cc dng ti a .

91

www.thuvien247.net

Giao din thuc tnh ca cc a c 5 tab ging nh cc thit b khc:

Design, Rating, Worksheet, Performance v Dynamics. Trong m
phng tnh, khng cn phi khai bo trong Rating v Dynamics tab.
Design Tab
Connections Page
Ti y phi khai bo tn, v tr dng hi v dng lng vo v ra, cc
dng nguyn liu, v tr a tip liu, s a. Khi thp c thit lp t
mu c sn, HYSYS t ng thm vo tn mc nh ca cc dng. V
d, trong thp chng, dng hi i ra t thp chng c gi l To
Condenser v dng lng hi lu v thp gi l Reflux.
Th t cc a trong thp v v tr cc dng trong thp:
Khi la chn TRAY SECTION, HYSYS s mc nh a tip liu
l a gia thp. (V d: thp c 20 a, a tip liu s t ng l
a s 10). V tr a tip liu thay i c thng qua danh sch
ko th hoc in vo tng ng trong giao din.
Cc dng vo v ra khi nh v y thp c t tn trong cc
Liquid hoc Vapor Inlet/Outlet.
92

www.thuvien247.net

Khai bo v tr dng nguyn liu vo thp hoc vo nh thp (a 1

hoc a N ty thuc vo cch bn nh s th t t trn xung hay t
di ln) hay y thp (N hoc 1) s t ng tr thnh Liquid Inlet
hoc Vapor Inlet tng ng. Nu c sn cc dng vt cht , th
mi khi ngi dng thit lp thm dng cht khc, n s tn ti c lp
vi cc dng cn li v v tr c quy nh. Tng t vi dng ra t
nh hay y thp.
Side draws Page (a ly sn phm bn cnh thn thp):
Trang Side draws dng thit lp mt hoc nhiu a cn rt sn
phm thn ca thp. C 3 la chn: Hi (Vapor), Lng (Liquid),
Nc (Water)
Parameters Page
Cho php khai bo s a ca thp. Cc a s hot ng trng thi
gn l tng vi hiu sut a bng 1. Nu hiu sut ca mt a nh
hn 1, chng s c tnh ton theo m hnh Murphree Efficiency.

C th thm hoc bt i mt s a ca thp, bng ch bm vo phm

Customize s hin th giao din nh hnh di, nhp thng tin thay i
vo tng ng ca Custom Modify Number of Trays. Chc nng
ny cho php thm hoc bt i s a mt cch n gin m khng lm
mt i cc dng vt cht v nng lng kt ni vi thp, c bit khi
lm vic vi mt thp rt phc tp.
93

www.thuvien247.net

Thay i s a:
Bm vo phm Customize, giao din hin th nh hnh trn. Khai bo
s a vo Current Number of Trays. Cch lm ny tng t vi
cch thay i s a l thuyt (Theoretical trays) ti Connections page.
Tt c cc dng vo v dng ra s c thay i tng ng. V d, nu
thay i s a t 10 thnh 20, th dng ban u ni vi a 10 by gi
s ni vi a 20.
Thm a vo thp:
Khi thm hoc b
i 1 s a, cc
dng cht i vo
thp vn gi
nguyn v tr k
ni ca chng

1. in s a cn thm vo Number of trays to Add/Delete

2. Khai bo v tr (th t) mun thm a vo thp vo Tray to add
after or delete first
3. Bm phm Add Trays, s a c yu cu s thm vo sau a c
s th t nh. HYSYS cng s t ng iu chnh cc dng vt
cht v nng lng c lin kt vi thp trc .
loi bt a t thp:
1. in s a mun b bt i vo Number of trays to Add/delete
2. Khai bo v tr (th t) mun b a khi thp vo Tray to add
after or delete first
3. Bm phm Remove Trays, tt c cc a c la chn s b loi
b. Nu nh s t trn xung di, cc a tnh t a chn
xung di c xa i. Nu nh s t di ln trn, cc a tnh
t a c chn tr ln c xa i
4. Cc dng ni vi cc a cao hn (theo th t) s khng b nh
hng v cc lin kt dng. V d: nu b 3 a t a s 6, dng
Side Draws ban u ti a 5 s gi nguyn, cn dng Side Draw
94

www.thuvien247.net

ban u ti a s 10 s lin kt vi a s 7. Bt c dng no lin

kt vi cc a 6, 7 hoc 8 s b xa khi c s xc nhn ng ca .
Pha di ca s c 3 nt chn loi thp ph bn cnh sn thp
chnh: Standard, Side Stripper v Side Rectifier. Khi la chn loi
Side Stripper hoc Side Rectifier s nh hng n s thay i p
sut trong thp chnh. p sut ti a t dng cht lng i ra s
c s dng l p sut ca Side Stripper (thp tch ph bn sn
thp chng chnh), v s khng i trong ton thp ph ny. p sut
ti a t dng hi i ra s c s dng l p sut ca Side
Rectifier (thp luyn ph bn sn thp chng chnh), v s khng i
trong ton thp ph ny.
Pressures Page
Hin th p sut trn mi a. Ch cn bit p sut ca hai a trong
ton b thp, HYSYS s t ng tnh ton. V d, nu khai bo p sut
ca Condenser v Reboiler, HYSYS s tnh c p sut a trn cng
v di cng ca thp da vo gim p, sau p sut ca cc a
cn li s c t ng tnh ton theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.

Rating Tab
Ch dng trong m phng ng. c thm thng tin v Rating tab
phn 8.4 (Tray Section in the Dynamics Modelling)
Worksheet Tab
95

www.thuvien247.net

Hin th thng tin ging ht nh giao din Material Streams ca

Workbook. Tuy nhin, y ch c cc thng s ca cc dng kt ni
trc tip vi cc a.
Performance Tab
C Plots v Tables Page. Cui mi trang, l khong (intervals) gi tr
c tnh ton
Dynamics Tab
Ch dng trong m phng ng. c thm thng tin v Dynamics tab
phn 8.4 (Tray Section in the Dynamics Modelling)

7.6.4. Tee
Xem li chng 4
Thit b ng ng
dn (Piping
equipment) phn TEE

TEE ch c khi s dng Modified HYSIM I/O. Giao din hin th cc

thng s hot ng ca TEE trong lu trnh con ca thp v c bn
ging ht trong lu trnh chnh, c thm Estimates page

Modified HYSIM
Inside Out Solving
Method phi c la
chn trang Solving
mode ca bng
parameters trong giao
din hin th thng s
hot ng ca thp khi
TEE c s dng

Estimates page, khai bo thng tin v lu lng cc dng sn phm

ca TEE nhm gip HYSYS tnh ton hi t trong mi trng con ca
thp:
1.

Chn mt trong ba n v tnh ton: Molar (Mol); Mass (Khi

lng); Volume (Th tch)

2.

Khai bo cc gi tr lu lng ca cc dng sn phm vo

tng ng trong bng, sau khi t tn cc dng.

Chc nng bn phm trang Estimates:

96

www.thuvien247.net

Update

Thay th cc s liu tnh ton mi (tr nhng

s liu ngi dng cung cp c mu xanh) nhn
c t qu trnh tnh ton thp

Clear
Selected

Xa nhng gi tr c la chn

Clear
Calculated

Xa tt c nhng gi tr c tnh ton

Clear all

Xa tt c mi gi tr trong bng

Khi c TEE c kt ni vi thp hoc, tc l vi dng sn phm ly

ra bn sn thp, th trong giao din hin th thng s hot ng ca
thp s c thm cc tham s lin quan n TEE, dng khai bo t l
chia dng khi qua tee. Sau khi ngi dng nhp vo t l chia dng ca
Tee, cc dng mi s xut hin.
Cc thit b khc vn hnh kt hp vi thp tng t vi loi thit b
ngoi lu trnh chnh. bit thm thng tin ca bt k loi thit b
no khc, hy c trong cc chng tng ng vi loi thit b . Ch
c duy nht mt iu phi nhn mnh khi lm vic vi cc thit b
trong lu trnh con ca thp: tt c cc thit b m phng trong mi
trng con ca thp c tnh ton ng thi.

97

www.thuvien247.net

7.7 Tnh ton thp (Running the Column)

Phm Run & Reset trn

Column proprety view

Phm Stop trn

Column Property view

Phm Run v Stop

trn Button Bar, l
hai phm ring bit

Mt khi hon thnh xy dng cu hnh ca thp v khai bo y

tt c cc d liu cn thit, bc tip theo l vn hnh thut ton
tnh ton thp.
Qu trnh tnh lp c bt u khi chn Run t giao din thuc tnh
thp Column Property. Lu rng c th bm phm Run/Reset t
trang bt k ca giao din thuc tnh thp Column Property. Khi
ang trong mi trng xy dng cu hnh thp, phm Run xut hin
trn Button Bar cng c chc nng ging nh phm Run trn giao din
thuc tnh thp Column Property.
Khi phm Run c chn, th cc phm Run/Reset s c thay bng
Stop, khi chn s dng qu trnh tnh ton. Phm Run c chn li
khi mun tip tc tnh ton. Tng t trn Button Bar, phm Stop cng
s c thay th Run sau khi chn Run.
Khi thao tc trong mi trng xy dng cu hnh thp, thp s c
tnh ton khi chn phm Run trn Column Property View, hoc trn
Button Bar. Khi lm vic vi giao din Column Proprety trong mi
trng chnh, thp s t ng tnh ton khi:
Thay i gi tr thuc tnh sau khi nhn c kt qu hi t.
Thay i thuc tnh c kch hot, sao cho bc t do tr v 0.

7.7.1 Tnh ton (Running)

Chn phm Run bt u nhng tnh ton vng lp cn thit m
phng thp theo cc d liu u vo. Trn Monitor Page ca giao
din Column Property, hin th bn tm tt v s vng lp, sai s cn
bng, nhit v cc sai s ca cc tham s. Thng tin chi tit v tnh
trng hi t s hin th trn Trace Windown (xem mc 7.4.1-Design
Tab).
Mc nh c bn cho tnh ton l thay i thut ton Inside-out.
Trong cch tnh ton ny, cc m hnh cn bng n gin v enthalpy
c s dng trong vng lp trong, thc hin tnh ton thnh phn
tng, cn bng nhit, cn bng lng-hi v cc thng s khc. Vng
lp ngoi c cung cp lin tc cc s liu tnh ton theo cc m hnh
nhit ng n gin vi nhng tnh ton cht ch.
98

www.thuvien247.net

Khi tnh ton m phng, dng trng thi pha di ca mn hnh th

hin qu trnh tnh ton nhng thuc tnh ban u s dng cho nhng
m hnh tnh ton tip theo. Ma trn Jacobian c hin th, c s
dng trong tnh ton vng lp trong. Tip , dng trng thi s thng
bo cc sai s vng lp trong v kch thc ca cc bc tnh ton
c thc hin ti vng lp trong. Cui cng h nhit ng s c
tnh ton li cht ch v cho ra cc kt qu cn bng, nhit v sai s.
Vic tnh ton vng lp trong v ngoi s c tip tc n khi t
c hi t hoc nhn thy thp khng th hi t v bm phm Stop
kt thc tnh ton.
Nu gp kh khn khi tnh ton hi t vng lp trong, chng trnh
s tnh li ma trn Jacobian. Nu khng c s iu chnh v cho ra
nhng cn bng, nhit v sai s, bm phm Stop dng vic tnh ton
v kim tra li cc thng tin.
Cc thng tin hin th trn Column Profile & Estimates Pages s
c s dng d on ban u cho thut ton hi t. Nu khng
hin th nh gi hin ti, HYSYS s bt u phng thc hi t bng
cch khi ng li nh gi ban u (xem thm Section 7.4.2Parameters tab Estimates page)

7.7.2 Thit lp li (Reset)

Lnh ny s xa cc gii php tnh ton thp hin ti v cc d liu
c tnh xut hin trn Estimates Page ca giao din chnh ca thp
(Column view). Nu tin hnh nhng thay i chnh sau khi thp
hi t, s l mt tng tt Reset xa ht nhng gii php trc .
Nh th s cho php thp bt u tnh ton li t u. Nu ch c
nhng thay i nh trong thp, th chn li Run trc khi Resetting.
Khi tnh ton thp bt u v s tip tc cho n khi t c hi t,
v phi dng li khi iu kin tnh ton l khng th (v d nh khng
hon v c ma trn Jacobian) hoc khi s vng lp qu gii hn
cho php c t ra ban u. Khc vi ba trng hp trn, vic tnh
ton s thc hin cho n khi bm phm Stop. Kt qu khng hi t
ca thp c th c phn tch, tho lun tip tc trong mc tip theo
7.8 Column Troubleshooting.
99

www.thuvien247.net

7.8 X l s c thp
Mc d HYSYS khng i hi nhng d on ban u cho qu trnh
hi t, nhng d on tt v nhit nh v y thp v mt sn
phm s lm nhanh qu trnh hi t. S bin i chi tit v lu lng
dng lng hay kh khng cn thit.
Tuy nhin, thp c th gp kh khn, nhng d on u ra c a
ra trong sut qu trnh lp s cung cp nhng s tr gip lm th no
hon thnh vic tnh ton thp. Nu sai s cn bng tim cn 0,
nhng nhit v nhng sai s ca cc tham s khc c quan h hng s,
nhng thuc tnh ny dng nh b sai. Nu c hai sai s cn bng v
sai s nhit v tham s khng thy xut hin, cn phi kim tra li tt
c cc d liu u vo ca (v d nh cc gi tr c on ban u,
cc tham s v cu hnh ca thp).
Trong qu trnh tnh ton thp, gi c nh khng thay i nhng tham
s c bn ca thp. Bng cch ny, p sut trong thp, s a, v tr a
tip liu v cc thit b ph tr khc nh b trao i bn sn v bm
hi lu s c gi nguyn. t c nhng tham s k thut
thit k cho thp s ch hiu chnh nhng bin s, trong s dng cc
gi tr c on ban u, nh l ch s hi lu, nhit nng trao i, hay
lu lng cc dng sn phm. Bao gm cc gi tr c khai bo ban
u nhng c thay th tr thnh d liu c on ban u. phi
bo m d liu a vo (d on ban u) v thuc tnh (cc tham s
c s ca thp) l hp l. Hin nhin l c nhng t hp cu hnh ca
thp vi nhng tham s rt kh hi t hoc khng th hi t. Mc d
tt c nhng vn kh khn khng th cp ht y, mt s
vn thng gp s c tho lun nhng phn tip theo.

7.8.1 Heat and Spec Errors Fail to converge 7Xem d on ban

u trn View
Initial Estimates
trn mn hnh ca
Column Property
view.

y l tnh hung thng xy ra nht l khi thp khng p ng c

sai s cho php. Trong phn ny s a ra nhng li hay gp v cch
sa cha.
D on ban u ngho nn
D on ban u rt quan trng ch khi u cho thut ton tnh
ton thp. Ni chung, vic d on ngho nn trong trng hp n
100

www.thuvien247.net

gin s lm cho vic hi t thp s b chm hn. Tuy nhin, i khi

cn gy ra nhng nh hng nghim trng hn. Xem xt nhng trng
hp sau:
Kim tra d on sn phm ca bng cch chia gn ng. Mt d
on tt v lu lng phn hi trn nh thp l ton b cc cu
t trong nguyn liu u vo c a ln trn nh thp, vi mt
lng nh cu t kha nng. Nu thp bt u tnh ton vi sai s
ln, kim tra thy cc d on ca v phn ct nh thp nh
hn lu lng tng cng ca cc dng vo.
D on ngho nn v ch s hi lu thng khng l nguyn
nhn ca vn , tr khi khong cch gia cc im si rt hp.
D on tt hn l tc dng lng vo thp tng i cao so
vi lu lng dng hi, hoc ngc li.
Thp cha nhng thng s quan trng ca kh tr nh H2, N2,
v.v., i hi d on tt hn v lu lng nh thp cn phi
trnh xa cc vn im bt ban u. Thp loi b N2 l v d tt
v vn ny.
Cc sai s u vo (Input Errors)
Bm phm Input
Summary trn
Monitor page ca
Column Proprety
view hin th d
liu vo thp trong
Trace Window

Qu trnh thc hnh tt khi kim tra ton b d liu nhp vo, trc
khi cho tnh ton thp, m bo chc chn rng tt c cc d liu vo,
nh nhit a, lu lng dng sn phm l hp l:
Kim tra chc chn cc s liu khai bo l ng gi tr v n v.
Li in hnh l lu lng dng sn phm moler/hr khi nhp
barrels/day hoc nhit nng ca dng BTU/hr thay cho e+6
BTU/hr.
Khi khai bo lu lng phn ct lng, phi chc chn l xc nh
phn ct t Condenser ch khng phi lu lng t Reflux.
Nu thay i s a ca thp, phi chc chn rng cp nht li
cc v tr a nhp liu, xc nh li p sut v v tr cc thit b
ph tr khc nh b trao i bn sn thp.

101

www.thuvien247.net

Nu thp b sai ngay lp tc, kim tra li tt c nhng dng cp

liu bit, nu dng c a vo a khng c thc, hoc thnh
phn cu t khai bo b sai.
Cu hnh sai (Incorrect Configuration)
Vi cu hnh thp phc tp hn, nh cc thp chng du th, iu
quan trng nht l lun lun phi xem li nhng d liu khai bo
mt cch cn thn trc khi bm phm Run bt u tnh ton thp.
D dng kim tra cc dng tch bn sn, dng tho nc, bm hi
lu hay b trao i bn sn. Bt k ch no b qua c th nh hng
rt ln n qun trnh tnh ton thp. V kt qu l vn s khng
hin th ngay lp tc cho n khi xem li mt cch cn thn d liu
vo hoc c gng thay i thuc tnh ca thp.
Kim tra li a khng c s trao i ngc dng lng-hi. V d
nh khi c dng cp liu vo a khng phi bn di a trn
cng ca thp khng c thit b ngng hi lu hoc thp khng c
dng du ti sinh ti vo, hoc v tr dng cp liu li pha trn
a di di cng ca thp khng c reboiler hoctch dng bn
di. Trong c hai trng hp, a trn cng hoc di cng s
ch c mt pha duy nht. Do , khng m t c cn bng
chuyn khi m phi hy b hoc thay i v tr cp liu dng.
Thp khng th hi t vi cu hnh nh trn.
Ch l thp s b bo li ngay nu thp tch bn sng
(sidestriper) khng c dng cp liu vo hoc reboiler. Nu iu
ny xy ra, s c thng bo rng reboiler hoc dng cp liu
khng th tm thy trong thp tch bn sn.
Phi chc chn l thit lp dng tho nc ra bn sn nc
nu c thp tch hydrocacbon bng hi nc vi hi nc c
trn nh thp.
Khng quan tm n trc gii quyt thp chng ct du
th nh th no, c gng thit lp dng vo thp chng ct du
th cho ln chy u tin vi y tt c cc thit b bn sn
thp nh cc thp tch, trao i nhit, cc b nhn sn phm, v
bm hi lu. Nhng kh khn s tng ln khi c gng thit lp
102

www.thuvien247.net

nhiu thp n gianr m khng c nhng thit b ph tr bn cnh

sn thp chng chnh, sau gn gi tr ca cc tham s sn
phm xut hin t cu hnh cui cng.
Nhng thuc tnh khng th c (Impossible Specifications)
Nhng thuc tnh khng th c thng c biu hin bi s khng
cung cp nhit v sai s trong vng lp cho d sai s cn bng gn
bng khng. gii quyt vn ny phi hoc l thay i cu hnh
thp hoc p sut hoc l thay i mt trong cc tham s ca sn
phm.
Khng th xc nh nhit cho condenser nu cng ang s
dng nhit qu lnh.
Nu dng lng trn nh thp bng 0, hoc l nhit nh thp
qu cao, hoc l nhit nng ca Condenser qu thp, hoc l ch
s hi lu qu thp
Nu lu lng cc dng lng qu ln, hoc l tham s v tinh
khit qu kht khe vi s a chn, hoc l nhit nng lm lnh
qu ln.
a kh gn nh th hin vn v cn bng nhit. Kim tra li
nhit v nhit nng cung cp. Mt s gii php c th: c nh
a tip xc lng-hi v thay i nhit nng; tng tc dng vo;
gim lu lng ly sn phm; kim tra li nhit v thnh phn
dng nguyn liu; kim tra li v tr cp liu.
Nguyn nhn khng c sn phm c th l do cc tham s ca
dng sn phm khng ng, nhit qu tha trong thp dn n
khng c hi lu, hoc thiu nhit cung cp pha di i ly sn
phm dn n gim lng hi cn thit.
Thuc tnh mu thun (Conflicting Specifications)
Vn ny l in hnh kh pht hin v sa cha. Khi gp phi
nhng vn sau y c lin quan, cn ch xem xt.
Khng th c nh tt c lu lng sn phm trong thp.

103

www.thuvien247.net

Trnh khng nn c nh nhit nh thp, lu lng dng lng

v hi bi v tp hp cc tham s ny ch a ra hi t trong
khong rt hp.
Khng th lm qu lnh vi ngng t mt phn
im ct tng t lu lng dng, khng th khai bo tt c lu
lng cc dng v tr mt dng khng khai bo v sau khai
bo im ct trn dng ny.
Ch c hai trong s ba tham s khai bo thuc tnh bm hi lu c
th c nh, tc l nhit nng v nhit dng tr v thp, nhit
nng v lu lng bm tun hon.
C nh lu lng dng lng v hi bn trong thp cng nh
nhit nng c th dn ti mu thun khi chng nh hng trc
tip ln nhau.
Nhit y thp khng c reboiler phi nh hn nhit a cp
liu y thp.
Nhit nh thp hp th c reboiler phi ln hn nhit a
cp liu nh thp, tr khi nguyn liu vo qua van.
Tc hi nh thp hp th c reboiler phi ln hn phn hi
ca nguyn liu nh thp.
Sai s dao ng (Heat and Spec Error Oscillates)
Mc d khng ph bin, nhng nhng tnh hung ny vn thng xut
hin, do nhng c on ban u qu ngho nn. Kim tra li nhng
vn sau:
Nc ngng t hoc trng thi nc ln lt ngng t v bc hi.
Tp hp cc thuc tnh khai bo khng cho php cu t ri khi
thp, mc d trn thc t cu t ny tun hon trong thp.
S tch trong khong im si rt hp c th rt kh xc nh khi
bc thay i nh c th dn ti bay hi hon ton. Trc ht,
thay i cc thuc tnh sao cho sn phm khng phi l cc cu t
tinh khit. Sau khi hi t, thit lp li (reset) li thuc tnh v
khi ng li qu trnh tnh ton (resart).
104

www.thuvien247.net

7.8.2 Li sai s cn bng cho hi t

Hu nh lun lun l vn v cn bng vt liu. Kim tra li cc cn
bng tng:
Kim tra li thuc tnh thp. Nu phn ngng t trn nh thp
qu lnh i vi thp hydrocacbon-hi nc, cn ly nc ra.
Thng thng th thm b ly nc ra bn sn cho bc bt k
di 200 oF.
Nu thp hu nh khng hi t, phi c nhiu b ly nc ra bn
sn ca thp.

7.8.3 Sai s cn bng dao ng

Vn ny xut hin cng vi thp khng l tng, nh l chng ct
vi hn hp ng ph. Gim damping factor hoc s dng adaptive
damping gii quyt vn ny. (xem thm mc 7.4.2-Parameters).

7.9 Ti liu tham kho

Sneesby, Martin G., Simulation and Control of Reactive Distillation.
Curtin University of Technology, School of Engineering, March 1998.

105

www.thuvien247.net

8-CC THIT B TCH CHT RN

8.1 Tch cht rn (b lc n)

8.1.1 Design Tab

8.1.2 Ratings Tab

8.1.3 Worksheet Tab

8.1.4 Dynamics Tab

8.2 Thit b tch cyclone

8.2.1 Design Tab

8.2.2 Ratings Tab

8.2.3 Worksheet Tab

8.2.4 Performance Tab

8.2.5 Dynamics Tab

8.3 Hydrocyclone

8.3.1 Design Tab

8.3.2 Ratings Tab

8.3.3 Worksheet Tab

10

8.3.4 Performance Tab

10

8.3.5 Dynamics Tab

10

8.4 B lc ht chn khng quay

10

8.4.1 Design Tab

10

8.4.2 Ratings Tab

12

8.4.3 Worksheet Tab

13

8.4.4 Dynamics Tab

13

8.5 B lc ti

13

8.5.1 Design Tab

13

8.5.2 Rating Tab

14

8.5.3 Worksheet Tab

15

8.5.4 Performance Tab

15

8.5.5 Dynamics Tab

15

www.thuvien247.net
8.1 Tch cht rn (b lc n):
Cc thit b tch Simple Solid Separator thc hin qu trnh khng
cn bng, nhm tch cht rn khi dng lng hi, dng lng hoc
dng lng cha trong sn phm rn. Thit b ny s c s dng
khi cn tch ring tng pha trong hn hp pha c trong dng vo.

Biu tng
Simple Solid
Separation

Cc cht rn c tch phi c xc nh trc v c nhp

vo nh cc thnh phn trong dng vo thit b ny.
ci t SIMPLE SOLID SEPARATOR hot ng, bm phm
F12 v chn Simple Solid Separator t Unit ops view hoc la chn
biu tng Simple Solid separator trong Object Palette (u tin
phi bm vo biu tng Solid Handling radio).
b qua cc SIMPLE SOLID SEPARATOR trong thi gian tnh
ton, chn Ignored. HYSYS s hon ton b qua cc hot ng cho
n khi khi phc li hot ng n nh bng cch xo la chn
va ri.
8.1.1 Design Tab (thit k):

Connections Page (kt ni)

Trn trang Connections phi t tn cho cc thao tc, cc dng
nguyn liu v cc dng sn phm (hi, lng, rn).

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters page (trang cc tham s)
C th xc nh chnh p trn trang Parameters

Splits Page (kiu phn tch):

Trn trang Splits Page cn phi chn phng php phn tch bng
cch xc nh cc phn on Type of Fraction
Ni dung

Xc nh

Cc phn on c
phn tch

c trng thnh phn phn b ca cht

rn t nguyn liu u vo trong hi
nc v dng sn phm lng. Phn on
rn tch ra trong phn y s c tnh
ton bi Hysys. Phi ghi r thnh phn
ca cht lng trong sn phm y (trong
sn phm rn)
Nhp vo phn mol, khi lng hoc
thnh phn th tch lng, ghi r cc c
trng sau y:
Ton b sn phm hi phn on rn
trn mi c s .
Ton b sn phm lng phn on
rn trn mi c s .
Phn on lng trong sn phm y.

Cc phn on dng

Trong lu trnh, cc dng s khng c bo co nh l mt giai

on, do c cha cht rn trong dng hi v dng lng, v c cht
lng trong dng sn phm rn.

User Variables Page

Trang User Variables page cho php to ra v thc hin cc bin
c m phng trong HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic trin
khai thc hin: dng User Variables, xem User Variables trong
cc chng Customization Guide.

Notes Page (ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho dng vn bn trong ni
chung bn c th ghi li bt k cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan
n cc thao tc hoc gn lin vi m phng.
8.1.2 Rating Tab (nh gi)
Trong m phng tnh khng s dng trang ny.
3

www.thuvien247.net
8.1.3 Worksheet Tab (bng tnh):
Worksheet Tab cha tm tt cc thng tin v tnh cht ca tt c
cc dng km theo n v trong Stream property view. Cc trang
Conditions, Properties, v Composition cha cc thng tin chn
lc t cc trang tng ng ca Worksheet Tab xem tnh cht
ca dng.

8.1.4 Dynamics Tab

Chc nng ny hin ti khng sn c, c s dng trong m
phng ng.

8.2 Cyclone
Thit b CYCLONE c s dng tch ring nhng cht rn t
ndng kh v c khuyn co ch s dng tch nhng ht c
kch thc ln hn 5. CYCLONE bao gm mt hnh tr thng
ng c y hnh cn, mt u vo tip tuyn vi thn hnh tr
gn u thit b, v mt u ra cho cc cht rn di cng ca
y hnh cn. Di tc dng ca lc ly tm xut hin trong dng
kh chuyn ng xoy lm cc ht rn b vng v pha thnh thng
cyclone. Cc ht rn va p vo thnh thit b, ri xung y hnh
cn, v do b tch ra khi cc dng kh. Cc cht rn c tch
ra phi c xc nh trc v ci t nh cc thnh phn trong
dng kh km theo hot ng ny.

Bi u t
Cyclon

ng

ci t CYCLONE hot ng, bm phm F12 v chn Cyclone

t Unit Ops xem hoc chn biu tng Cyclone trong Object
Palette (trc tin cn phi bm vo biu tng Solids Handling).
b qua Cyclone trong qu trnh tnh ton, chn Ignored.
HYSYS s hon ton b qua nhng thao tc lin quan n cyclone
cho n khi khi phc li bng cch b la chn Ignored.
8.2.1 Design Tab (thit k):

Connections Page
Trn Connections page, c th cung cp tn ca thao tc,
cng nh cc ngun nguyn liu u vo, cc dng sn phm hi v
sn phm rn.

Parameters Page
4

www.thuvien247.net

Cn xc nh cc thng s:
Thng s
Configuration
(t cu hnh)
Efficiency Method
(phng php tc
ng hiu qu)

M t
chn mt trong hai gi tr High Efficiency
hoc High Output
chn mt trong hai phng php Lapple
hay Leith/Licht. Phng php th hai l
mt tnh ton kht khe hn, xem xt hn
hp hai hiu ng
Particle Efficiency phn trm hiu qu thu hi cc cht rn
quy nh c trong dng sn phm y

ng knh thit b cho, hoc l t cu t c chn hay c

tnh ca ht rn, c s dng trong cc tnh ton hiu sut qu
trnh phn tch. V d nh nu chn hiu qu 85%, c ngha l 85%
nhng ht rn c ng knh cho s c thu hi trong dng sn
phm y. Phn cht rn cn li trong dng vo b loi tu thuc
vo ng knh ca ht.

Solids Page
Trn trang ny nhng thng tin sau y v cht rn c xc nh:
Thng s
Solid Name

Particle Diameter
v Particle Density

M t
Phi cung cp hoc l tn ca cht rn
ci t ban u (c truy cp thng qua Edit
Bar), hoc cung cp ng knh v mt ca ht
Nu khng chn thnh phn rn, cn cung cp
ng knh ht v mt ht
5

www.thuvien247.net
User Variables Page
Trang ny cho php ci t v cung cp cc bin trong m phng
ca HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic trin khai thc hin
xem chng User Variables trong Customization Guide.

Notes page (ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt k
cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan n cc thao tc hoc lin quan
n qu trnh m phng .
8.2.2 Ratings Tab (nh gi)

Sizing Page
Xc nh cc thng s sau:
Thng s
M t
La chn High Output, High Efficiency,
Configuration
hoc User Defined. iu ny cng c
xc nh trn Parameters page
Inlet Width Ratio T l rng u vo vi ng knh thit
b (phi l gia 0 v 1). Gi tr cn phi nh
hn t s tng chiu cao
Inlet Height Ratio T l cao u vo vi ng knh thit b
T l chiu cao ca phn y hnh cn so
Cyclone Height
vi ng knh thn thit b.
Ratio
Gas Outlet Length T l chiu di ca ng dn kh ra so vi
ng knh thn thit b
Ratio
T l ng knh ca ng dn kh ra so vi
Gas Outlet
ng knh thn thit b (phi gia 0 v 1)
Diameter Ratio
T l ca chiu cao tng ca thit b so vi
Total Height
ng knh thn thit b
Ratio
T l ng knh ng dn cht rn ra y
Solid Outlet
so vi ng knh thn thit b
Diameter Ratio
Nu ang ch Design Mode, ng
Body Diameter
knh thn thit b s c t ng tnh ton.
Nu ang tt Design Mode, bn phi cung
cp gi tr ny

Constraints Page
C th xc nh ng knh ti thiu v ti a cho CYCLONE, ch
p dng khi ch Design Mode ang bt.
Maximum Pressure Drop v Maximum Number of Cyclones:
tt p ti a v s lng cc CYCLONE ti a c thit lp trn
6

www.thuvien247.net
PAGE ny. N cng c s dng trong cc tnh ton xc nh
s lng CYCLONES ti thiu cn thit thc hin vic phn
tch t hiu qu yu cu.

8.2.3 Worksheet Tab (bng tnh):

Worksheet Tab cung cp cng mt thng tin mc nh v cc dng
vt liu ca Workbook. Tuy nhin, ti y ch hin th cc dng
hin thi ang c gn lin vi cc thao tc.

8.2.4 Performance Tab (thc hin):

Results Page (trang kt qu): Cc kt qu tnh ton tt p
(Pressure Drop), hiu sut chung (Overall Efficiency), v s
lng cc cyclone mc song song c hin th.

8.2.5 Dynamics Tab

Tnh nng ny hin ti khng c, c s dng cho m phng ng.

8.3 Hydrocyclone
Cc HYDROCYCLONE c nguyn l hot ng ging nh cc
Cyclone, s khc bit chnh l HydroCyclone thc hin tch cc
cht rn t pha lng, ch khng phi t pha kh. Cc cht rn c
tch phi c xc nh trc v ci t nh cc thnh phn
trong cc dng km theo hot ng ny.

Bi u t
ng
Hydrocyclon

ci t HYDROCYCLONE, chn Add Operation t

Flowsheet Menu, v chn HYDROCYCLONE. Ngoi ra, chn
biu tng Hydrocyclone t Object Palette (trc ht phi bm
vo biu tng Solids Handling).
b qua cc HYDROCYCLONE trong qu trnh tnh ton, chn
Ignored. HYSYS s b qua hon ton nhng thao tc tnh ton cho
n khi khi phc li bng cch xo b la chn Ignored.
8.3.1 Design Tab

Connections Page
Trn trang ny, cn cung cp tn ca thao tc, cng nh cc dng
nguyn liu, dng sn phm lng v dng sn phm rn.

www.thuvien247.net

Parameters Page (trang tham s):

Phi xc nh cc thng s sau y:
Thng s
Configuration
Particle Efficiency

M t
La chn cu hnh hoc Mode1, Mode2,
hoc User Defined
Hiu sut phn trm thu hi cht rn
xc nh trong dng sn phm y

ng knh cho, hoc l t cc cu t c la chn hay t cc

c trng ca ht rn, c s dng trong tnh ton hiu sut tch.
V d nh nu chn hiu sut tch l 85%, c ngha l 85% cht rn
c ng knh xc nh s c thu hi. Phn cht rn cn li trong
dng vo c loi b tu thuc vo cc thng s ci t ban
u.

Solids Page (trang nhng cht rn):

Di y l nhng thng tin cht rn c th c xc nh:
Thng s
Solid Name

Particle Diameter
v Particle Density

M t
Phi cung cp hoc l tn ca mt rn
ci t ban u (c truy cp t vic ko
th trnh n trong Edit Bar, hoc cho
trc ng knh v t trong ht
Nu khng bit tn cht rn, th cn a ra
ng knh v t trong ht

User Variables Page

8

www.thuvien247.net
Trang ny cho php to ra v thao tc vi cc bin trong mi trng
m phng HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic trin khai thc
hin la chn User Variables, xem trong Customization Guide

Notes Page (trang ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt k
cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan n cc thao tc, hoc lin quan
n m phng.
8.3.2 Ratings Tab (nh gi)

Sizing page (trang kch thc)

Xc nh cc thng s sau y:
Thng s

M t

Configuration

Chn Mode 1, Mode 2 hoc User Defined.

iu ny cng c xc nh ti trang
tham s (Parameters page)

Inlet Diameter
Ratio

T l ng knh ng dn vo vi ng
knh thn thit b

Included Angle
(Degrees)

Gc nghing ca Cyclone so vi phng

thng ng

Overflow Length
Ratio

T l di ng chy trn so vi ng
knh thn thit b

Overflow
Diameter Ratio

T l ng knh ng chy trn so vi

ng knh thn thit b

Total Height
Ratio

T l tng chiu cao ca thit b so vi

dng knh thn thit b

Underflow
Diameter Ratio

T l ng knh ng dn trong so vi
ng knh thn thit b

Body Diameter

Nu Design Mode ang bt th ng knh

thn s c tnh t ng khi nhp
cc thng s. Nu Design Mode ang tt th
phi nhp s liu ny.

Constraints Page (trang cc rng buc):

C th xc nh ng knh ti thiu v ti a cho Cyclone, ch p
dng khi Design Mode ch bt.

www.thuvien247.net
Maximum Pressure Drop ( tt p ti thiu) v Maximum
Number of Cyclones (s lng ti a ca cc Cyclone) cng c th
thao tc ti trang ny.
8.3.3 Worksheet Tab:
Cc Worksheet (bng tnh) cung cp cng thng tin mc nh nh
Material Streams trong Workbook. Tuy nhin, trang ny ch hin
th cc dng hin ang gn lin vi thao tc trong trang ny.
8.3.4 Performance Tab
Results Page (trang kt qu )
Cc kt qu tnh ton Pressure Drop ( tt p), Overall
Efficiency (hiu sut tng) v s lng Cyclones ng thi c
hin th trn trang ny.
8.3.5 Dynamics Tab
Tnh nng ny hin ti cha sn c, ch c s dng trong m
phng ng.

8.4 Rotary Vacuum Filter (Thit b lc ht

chn khng quay)
Cc thit b lc ht chn khng quay gi nh c th loi b 100%
cc cht rn t dng dung mi. Thao tc ny s loi b cc ht rn
trong dung dch di dang cc mng bn, da trn ng knh ht
v dng hnh cu ca cht rn c xc nh. Cc ng knh v
ng knh cu s xc nh trong khng gian di dng mng bn
nh vy dung mi duy tr. Cc cht rn c tch phi c xc
Biu tng Thit b nh trc v ci t nh cc thnh phn trong dng km theo
lc ht chn khng hot ng ny.
quay

ci t ROTARY VACUUM FILTER hot ng, bm phm

F12 v chn Rotary Vacuum Filter t Unit Ops hoc chn biu
tng Rotary Vacuum Filter trong Object Palette (trc tin cn
phi bm vo biu tng Solids Handling).
b qua cc thao tc trong qu trnh tnh ton, chn Ignored.
HYSYS s hon ton b qua thao tc ny cho n khi khi phc li
bng cch khng chn Ignored.

10

www.thuvien247.net
8.4.1 Design Tab (thit k)

Connections Page (trang kt ni)

Trn trang ny, xc nh tn ca thao tc, cng nh ngun nguyn
liu, cc dng sn phm lng v dng sn phm rn.

Parameters Page ( trang tham s)

Rotary Vacuum Filter c cc thng s l:
Thng s

M t

Pressure Drop

tt p qua b lc

Cycle Time

Thi gian tun hon l ton b thi gian

cho mt chu k

Dewatering

Loi nc: y l mt phn ca chu k,

gia cc ln mang b bn ra khi lng vi
thi im co bn, c biu din bng
phn trm ca ton chu k

Submergence

T l phn trm ca ton chu k cho mng

bn chm

User Variables Page (trang bin s dng):

Trang User Variables cho php to ra v thc hin cc bin
trong m phng HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic trin khai
11

www.thuvien247.net
thc hin User Variables,
Customization Guide.

xem

User

Variables

trong

Notes Page (trang ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt k
cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan n cc thao tc, hoc lin quan
n m phng ni chung.

8.4.2 Ratings Tab (nh gi):

Sizing Page (trang kch thc)

Cn phi xc nh thng s sau y cho thit b lc:
Thng s

M t

Filter Radius

Bn knh ca thit b lc. T xc

nh chu vi ca trng lc

Filter Width

Kch thc theo chiu ngang ca b lc

Filter Area

Din tch ca b lc

Cake Page (b)

c tnh b c xc nh ti trang ny:
12

www.thuvien247.net
Thng s

M t

Mass Fraction of
Cake

y l phn cui cng ca khi cht

rn

Thickness

dy ca b

Porosity

tng khng gian rng trong b

Irreducible
Saturation

Lng dung mi cn li ti tt p v
hn

Permeability

Nu khng cung cp mt gi tr,

HYSYS s tnh ton t dng hnh cu
v ng knh ca ht rn

C th xc nh sc cn hoc s dng phng trnh sc cn, t

HYSYS s thc hin tnh ton gi tr ny.
Phng trnh sc cn lc l nh sau: Resistance = a(dP)s
trong : a v s l hng s.
dP l tt p.
8.4.3 Worksheet Tab (bng tnh)
Worksheet (bng tnh) cung cp cc thng tin mc nh ca cc
dng vt liu trong Workbook. Tuy nhin, bng ny ch hin th
cc dng ang gn lin vi thao tc hin ti.
8.4.4 Dynamics Tab
Tnh nng ny hin ti cha sn c. Ch dng trong m phng ng.

8.5 Baghouse Filter (thit b lc ti):

M hnh BAGHOUSE FILTER ny da trn cc phng trnh
thc nghim. Trong c ng cong quan h gia hiu sut tch
v kch thc ht rn.
Da trn c s ng knh ht ca bn cung cp, hiu sut tch
cc cht rn ca bn s c xc nh t ng cong ny. Cc cht
rn c tch phi c xc nh trc v nhp vo nh cc cu
t c trong dng vt liu ban u.
Bi u t
Thi t b

ng
l c ti

ci t BAGHOUSE FILTER hot ng, bm phm F12 v

chn BAGHOUSE FILTER t cc Unit Ops hoc chn biu
tng BAGHOUSE FILTER trong Object Palette (trc tin bn
cn phi bm vo biu tng Solids Handling).
13

www.thuvien247.net
b qua BAGHOUSE FILTER trong qu trnh tnh ton, chn
Ignored. HYSYS s hon ton b qua thao tc ny cho n khi
khi phc li bng cch khng chn Ignored.
8.5.1 Design Tab

Connections Page
Trn trang ny, cung cp tn ca hot ng, cng nh cc ngun
nguyn liu, cc dng sn phm hi v dng sn phm rn.

Parameters Page:
Trn trang ny, phi cung cp cc thng tin sau:
Thng s
Configuration

Clean Bag
Pressure Drop
Dirty Bag
Pressure Drop

M t
Khi thc hin mt thay i no ca cc
tham s, cu hnh s thay i do ngi s
dng (User Defined). Chn Mc nh tr
li gi tr mc nh ca HYSYS
tt p qua ti sch
tt p qua ti bn, c gi tr ln hn
tt p qua ti sch

User Variables Page

14

www.thuvien247.net
Trang ny cho php to ra v thc hin cc bin trong m phng
HYSYS. bit thm thng tin v vic trin khai thc hin
User Variables, xem User Variables trong Customization Guide.

Notes Page (trang ghi ch):

Trong trang ny thc hin son tho vn bn, c th ghi li bt k
cc kin hoc thng tin lin quan n cc thao tc, hoc lin quan
n m phng ni chung.
8.5.2 Rating Tab (nh gi):

Sizing Page
Di y l nhng thng s c th c xc nh:
Thng s
M t
Vn tc ti a ca kh trong b lc ti
Maximum Gas
Velocity
Din tch cho mi ti lc
Bag Filter Area
ng knh ti lc
Bag Diameter
S ti lc cho mi bung lc
Bags per Cell
Khong cch gia cc ti lc
Bag Spacing
8.5.3 Worksheet Tab (bng tnh)
Worksheet (bng tnh) cung cp cc thng tin mc nh ca cc
dng vt liu trong Workbook. Tuy nhin, bng ny ch hin th
cc dng ang gn lin vi thao tc hin ti.
8.5.4 Performance Tab

Results page
Nhng kt qu tnh ton qu trnh lc c hin th trn trang ny:
Thi gian lc
S lng cc bung lc Cell
Din tch / Cell
Tng din tch bung lc Cell
ng knh ht.
8.5.5 Dynamics Tab
Tnh nng ny hin ti cha sn c. Ch dng trong m phng ng.

15

www.thuvien247.net

9 THIT B PHN NG

9.1 Thit b phn ng

9.2 CSTR / General Reactor Design Tab

9.2.1 Connections Page

9.2.2 Parameters Page

4
5

9.3 CSTR / General Reactor Reactions Tab

9.3.1 Conversion Reactor Reactions Tab

9.3.2 CSTR Reactions Tab
9.3.3 Equilibrium Reactor - Reaction Tab
9.3.4 Gibbs Reactor Reactions Tab

8
12
16
19

9.4 CSTR / General Reactor Rating Tab

23

9.5 CSTR / General Reactor Work Sheet Tab

26

9.6 CSTR / General Reactor Dynamics Tab

26

9.7 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Property View

27

9.7.1 PFR Design Tab

9.7.2 Reactions Tab
9.7.3 Ratings Tab
9.7.4 Work Sheet Tab
9.7.5 Performance Tab
9.7.6 Dynamics Tab
9.7.7 PFR Example Problem

28
35
40
42
42
44
45

www.thuvien247.net
9.1 Thit b phn ng
Ngoi tr thit b phn ng PLUG FLOW REACTOR (PFR) cn
li tt c cc thit b phn ng khc c hnh dng tng i ging
nhau, c cng kiu m phng. Khc nhau trc ht l mi loi thit
b phn ng c mt chc nng ring bit (chuyn ha, ng hc,
cn bng, xc tc d th hoc n gin). Tri vi Seperator hay
General Reactor, cc Specific Reactor ch chp nhn mt loi phn
ng c th. V d Conversion Reactor c trng vi cc phn ng
chuyn ha, nu gn n vi loi phn ng cn bng hay ng hc
th s nhn c thng bo li. Ch c Gibbs Reactor l ngoi l v
n c th c hoc khng c chc nng thit lp phn ng.
C th c nhiu cch linh hot thit lp v nhm phn ng:
Xem Chapter 4Reaction ca
Simulation Basis
manual hoc Section
7.4.1-Reaction
Package ca Users
Guide bit thm
chi tit v vic ci
t phn ng v loi
phn ng.

Xc nh phn ng trong Basis Manager, nhm chng li v

gn vo Reactor.
To phn ng trong Reaction Package trong Main Flowsheet,
nhm chng li v gn vo Reactor.
To v ci t phn ng trong Basis Environment, thay i
phn ng trong Reaction Package ca mi trng m phng
chnh.
D c thit lp theo cch no trn, phn ng xc nh s hin
th cho ton b Flowsheet, tc l mt phn ng c th gn vi
nhiu Reactor.
Tuy nhin c mt vi iu cn phi lu . Khi iu chnh phn ng
thng qua Reactor, s thay i ch c xem nh cc b trong
Reactor . S iu chnh trong Basis Environment hoc trong
Reaction Package c tin hnh t ng trong mi reactor khi
thc hin t li cc tham s cho phn ng, khng phi lm nhng
thay i cc b. Nhng thay i cc b lun c gi li. hy
b cc thay i cc b v quay v cc thng s chung ca phn
ng, bn bm phm Delete khi con tr trong khung cha bin i
cc b.
C bn loi Reactor c lin kt chung cc tnh cht:
CSTR (Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor)
2

www.thuvien247.net
g b cc thay
i cc b, di
chuyn ti
appropriate v
bm phm
DELETE.

General

Convertion

GIBBS REACTOR
EQUILIBRIUM REACTOR
CONVERSION REACTOR
Ba Reactor cui c th c dn ra t General Reactor. V c s
tng ng nn cc Reactor ny s c ni chung. Trong giao
din property view khi c s khc nhau v d phn Reaction Tab
s khc bit s c ghi ch r rng.
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) hon ton khc so vi cc reactor trn.
V vy s c tho lun ring trong mc 9.7 - Plug Flow Reactor
(PFR) Property View.
ci t mt Reactor c th thao tc nh sau

Equilibrium

Gibbs Reactors

Bm phm F12 v chn Reactor trong UnitOps.

Bm phm F4, trong Object Palette chn General Reactor, sau
s chn reactor tng ng GIBBS, CONVERSION hoc
EQUILIBRIUM.

CSTR

www.thuvien247.net
9.2 CSTR / General Reactor Design Tab
CSTR v GENERAL Reactor bao gm 5 Tab, tab u tin l
Design Tab, trong c bn Page sau:
Page

M t

Connections

Nhp tn cc dng dng nguyn liu, sn

phm v dng nng lng cho reactor

Parameters

Ci t cc thng s trao i nhit v

gim p sut cho reactor.

User Variables

Cho php ci t v x l cc bin do ngi

s dng thit lp

Notes

Cho php ghi ch cc thng tin lin quan

n thit b.

9.2.1 Connections Page

C bn Reactor u c Conection Page ging nhau. Page ny bao
gm 5 Objects:
Object

Cn nhp cc thng tin sau

Name

Cha tn ca Reactor. C th sa li tn bt
c lc no bng cch nhp p vo cha
tn v thay tn mi vo .

Inlets

C th c mt hoc nhiu dng vo Reactor.

Hoc l chn dng c thit lp trc t
danh sch ko th trong Edit Bar, hoc chn
trng trong Inlets v nhp tn dng mi
vo Edit Bar.

Vapour Oulet

Kt ni dng sn phm hi vi Reactor.

Cng nh vi dng nguyn liu, c th chn
dng ra t danh sch ko th hoc nhp tn
dng sn phm mi trong Edit Bar

Liquid Oulet

Kt ni dng sn phm lng ra t Reactor,

cch lm cng tng t nh trn.

Energy
(Optional)

Kt ni hoc to mt dng nng lng nu

cn thit cho thit b hot ng.

www.thuvien247.net

9.2.2 Parameters Page

Ch rng Pfeed
c gi nh
bng gi tr thp
nht dng
nguyn liu vo.

Parameter Page cho php thit lp cc thng s Pressure Drop (

gim p sut), Vessel Volume (th tch thng cha), Duty (nng
sut), Solving Behaviour (phng thc tnh ton).

www.thuvien247.net
Object

M t

gim p dc theo thng cha, c xc nh

bng biu thc sau:
P = P - Pv = Pfeed P1
Trong : P : p sut trong thng cha
Pv : p sut dng sn phm hi ra
P1 : p sut dng sn phm lng ra
Pfeed : p sut dng nguyn liu vo
P: gim p trong thng cha (Delta P)
Gi tr mc nh gim p sut ti thng cha l 0

Duty
Lu rng enthalpy s
dng trong HYSYS l bng
enthalpy ca kh l tng
c to thnh 25 C v 1
atm. Do nhit ca phn
ng c tnh ton t s
/
khc nhau ca enthalpy Heating
to
thnh ca sn phm phn
Cooling
ng v cht tham gia phn
ng.

Volume

Nu gn mt dng nng lng, phi xc nh xem

n dng un nng hay lm lnh la chn phm
tng ng trong Object Palette. cng c th chn
thuc tnh Duty hoc HYSYS tnh Duty.
Phng trnh cn bng nng lng ca Reactor c
xc nh nh sau:
Duty = Hvapour + Hliquid Hfeed
Trong : Duty=nhit nng un nng hoc lm lnh
Hvapour Nhit ca dng sn phm hi
Hliquid Nhit ca dng sn phm lng
Hfeed Nhit ca dng nguyn liu
Nu thay i t Heating sang Cooling (hoc ngc
li), ln ca dng nng lng khng thay i
nhng thay i du dng nng lng. Heating l
cng, cn Cooling l tr.
Do ngi s dng xc nh, l tng th tch ca
thng cha. Gi tr ny khng cn thit i vi cc
thit b phn ng CONVERSION, GIBBS,
EQUILIBRIUM trong m phng tnh, nhng phi
thit lp cho CSTR.
Th tch thng cha cng vi vic thit lp mc cht
lng trong thng, xc nh gi tr mc cht lng cn
c duy tr trong thit b phn ng. Gi tr th tch
cht lng hoc mc cht lng cn c duy tr trong
thng cha ti thi im bt k c xc nh bi
biu thc sau:
Holdup = Vessel Volume * PV(%Full)/100
Trong : PV(%Full) l mc cht lng trong thng
cha.

www.thuvien247.net
Object

Description

Liquid Level

Hin th mc cht lng trong reactor c biu

din l t l phn trm ca th tch thng cha.

Liquid Volume

Khng c t bi ngi s dng, gi tr ny

c tnh ton da vo th tch thng cha v mc
cht lng, khi gi tr th tch thng cha c
nhp vo.

Act as a
Separator
When Cannot
Solve

Ch hin th vi CONVERSION v
EQUILIBRIUM Reactor, cho php thit b hot
ng nh mt thit b tch 2 pha n gin khi
reactor khng gii quyt c

Single Phase

Ch nh phn ng ch gm mt pha. Nu khng,

HYSYS s coi l phn ng lng-hi.

Type

Ch hin th vi Gibbs reactors. Cho php la chn

loi thit b ph hp vi phn ng:
Separator: p dng khi cc cht phn ng Gibbs
ti thiu c 2 pha .
Three Phase: p dng khi cc cht phn ng
Gibbs ti thiu c 3 pha.

www.thuvien247.net
9.3 CSTR / General Reactor Reactions Tab
9.3.1 Conversion Reactor Reactions Tab
Conversion Reactor

Conversion Reactor l mt thng cha trong thc hin phn ng

chuyn ha. Trong Conversion Reactor ch c th ci t Reaction
Set. Phn ng c ci t s chuyn ha hon ton hoc mt phn
cht phn ng.
Reactions Tab gm hai page: Details v Results
Details Page

Xem Section 4.4.2Conversion

Reaction ca
Simulation Basis
guide xem ch
dn chi tit v vic
ci t phn ng
chuyn ha.

Trang Conversion Reaction cha phn ci t phn ng (Reaction

Set). Reaction Set ch nh hot ng v chuyn ha cho mi
phn ng. Trang ny c chia lm 4 Objects:
Object

Description

Reaction Set

Gip la chn nhm phn ng chuyn ho

ph hp

Reaction

Phi chn phn ng chuyn ho ph hp t

Reaction Set chn

View
Reaction

M xem cc tham s ca phn ng va thit

lp, gip sa i nhng tham s cn thit

[Radio
Buttons]

C ba phm chuyn i ln nhau:

Stoichiometry, Basis v Conversion (s
c m t c th sau y)
8

www.thuvien247.net
Stoichiometry Radio Button

Stoichiometry hin th cc tham s nh thnh phn cu t tham gia

phn ng chn, khi lng phn t cc cu t cng nh h s t
lng ca cc cu t tham gia phn ng. Ngoi ra cn c hai tham
s na l: Balance Error v Reaction Heat ca phn ng ny.
Basis Radio Button

Giao din ny cha cc tham s nh: Base Component (cu t c

bn), Conversion ( chuyn ha) v Reaction Phase cho mi
phn ng trong Reaction Set. Ti y, c th thay i chuyn
ha cc b cho phn ng.
Conversion Radio Button

Ch rng trong
Fractional Conversion
Equation group, cc
hin mu hoc xanh
ch ra rng cc bin c
th c thay i.
9

www.thuvien247.net
Trong ca s Fraction Conversion Equation hin th chuyn
ha ca phn ng. Cc tham s v chuyn ha c gn cho
phn ng chuyn ho v ngi dng c th thay i li bng cch
chn Use Default box hoc nhp li gi tr mi trong Fractional
Conversion Equation.
View Reaction Button

Bm phm View Reaction m xem cc tham s ca phn ng

Conversion Reaction la chn trong hp ko th. Lu rng bt c
s thay i no ca phn ng trn Conversion Reaction property
view s lm thay i ton b phn ng chn v bt c Reaction
Sets c cha phn ng chn. V d, nu lm thay i no cho
phn ng trong hnh trn, s thay i s c thc hin ti bt c
ni no c s dng phn ng ny. V vy khi thay i nhng tham
s ca Reactor (tc l nhng thay i ch c tc dng i vi mt
Reactor) th nn thc hin bn trong Reactions tab.
Results Page
C th thay i
chuyn ha
cho mt phn
ng trong
trang ny.

Results Page hin th kt qu ca phn ng tnh ton hi t.

Trang ny cha Reactor Results Summary group gm hai phm:
Reaction Extents v Reaction Balance.
Reaction Extents Radio Button

10

www.thuvien247.net

Khi la chn ny, Reaction Extions hin th kt qu chuyn ha

ca phn ng hi t nh sau:
Result Field

Description

Rank

Hin th bc ca phn ng. Vi nhiu phn

ng, phn ng c bc thp hn s xy ra
u tin.

Specified%
Conversion

Hin th phn trm chuyn ha ca phn

ng

Actual %
Conversion

Hin th phn trm chuyn ho ca cu t

c bn trong dng nguyn liu tham gia
phn ng.

Base Component Cht phn ng c bn tnh ton

chuyn ho
Rxn Extent

nh gi s mol ca cht phn ng tiu

th trong phn ng

Khi c nhiu phn ng trong Reaction Set, HYSYS s t ng tnh

bc cc phn ng. Mt phn ng c bc thp hn s u tin phn
ng trc. Mi nhm cc phn ng c bc tng ng nhau c
th c chuyn ha tng cng gia 0-100%.
Vic thay i
phn ng s nh
hng n tt c
Reaction Sets ca
cc phn ng
c nh km,
vic thay i cc
b khng c
thit lp.

Ch rng cc gi tr chuyn i thc t khng ph hp vi cc gi

tr chuyn i quy nh. Phn ng Rxn-3 tin hnh u tin v dng
li khi c mt cht phn ng b ht. Tng cc chuyn ha quy
nh ca Rxn-1 v Rxn-2 l 100%, do , tt c cc cht phn ng
c bn cn li u c th b tiu th ht. Tt c cc thnh phn c
bn b tiu th ht phn nh chuyn ha thc t tng cng l
100%.
11

www.thuvien247.net
Reaction Balance Radio Button
Khi chn phm ny, Reaction Balance s cung cp ton b cc
tham s ca cc cht phn ng c trong Conversion Reactor. Tt
c cc cu t c mt trong Fluid Package cng s xut hin ti y.

bit thm chi

tit v phn ng
ng hc, xc tc
d th v phn ng
n gin, xem
Chapter 4Reaction ca
Simulation Basis
guide.

Cc gi tr ny xut hin sau khi tt c cc phn ng hon thnh.

Bao gm tng dng vo, dng ra v phn phn ng ca mi cht.
Gi tr m th hin cht phn ng, gi tr dng hin th cho sn
phm phn ng.
9.3.2 CSTR Reactions Tab
CSTR l mt thng cha trong xy ra cc loi phn ng nh
ng hc, xc tc d th hay phn ng n gin. chuyn ha
trong thit b ph thuc vo t l dng ca phn ng gn vi tng
loi phn ng. Dng vo c coi nh khuy trn hon ton v
ngay lp tc, v th thnh phn dng ra khi thit b phn ng l
ng nht nh trong thit b phn ng. Cho th tch ca thit b, t l
cc thnh phn thch hp cho mi phn ng v h s t lng ca
phn ng, CSTR s tnh ton chuyn ha ca mi cu t i vo
thit b phn ng.
Trong Reaction Tab, c th chn Reaction Set cho tng thit b.
cng c th xem kt qu tnh ton thit b bao gm chuyn ha
thc t ca thnh phn cht phn ng c bn. chuyn ha thc
t c t ng tnh ton v bng t l phn trm thnh phn cht c
bn tham gia phn ng.
X = (NAin NAout)/NAin . 100%

(9.4)
12

www.thuvien247.net
Trong :
X: chuyn ha
NAin: thnh phn cht phn ng c bn vo thit b
NAout: thnh phn cht c bn ra khi thit b
Reaction Tab bao gm hai trang: Details v Results.
Details Page

Trong trang ny c th la chn cc phn ng trong phn Reaction

Set gn cho thit b v ch nh chuyn ha cho tng phn ng
c ci t. Trong phn Reaction Set ch c th la chn cc loi
phn ng: phn ng ng hc, xc tc d th v phn ng n gin.
Trang ny chia thnh bn Objects:
Objects

M t

Reaction Set

Cho php la chn nhm phn ng ph hp

Reaction

T danh sch phn ng, c th chn mt trong

cc phn ng t Reaction Set chn.

View
Reaction

M Reaction property view ca phn ng

la chn. V c th sa li cc thng s chung
ca phn ng.

Specifics

Gm hai hp chn l Stoichiometry v Basis

(s c xem xt chi tit di y)
13

www.thuvien247.net
Stoichiometry Radio Button

Stoichiometry cho php kim tra cc thnh phn tham gia vo phn
ng chn, khi lng phn t v h s t lng ca phn ng.
Ngoi ra cn hai thng s l Balance Error v Reaction Heat.
Basis Radio Button

Trong Basis group, c th xem cc thnh phn c bn, thng s v

t l ca phn ng ( v d: A, E, , A, E v ) v Reaction Phase
(pha ca phn ng) cho mi phn ng c phn ci t. n gin
ch cn la chn trong danh sch ko th v cc s liu s xut hin
trong Basic group.
S thay i c th c thc hin da trn vic thay i cc thng
s ca phn ng (frequency factor h s phn ng A, nng lng
hot ho E v ). Nhng thay i ny ch phn nh trong hot ng
thit b ch khng nh hng n ton b cc phn ng.
C th thay i gi tr phn ng chung bng cch bm phm Use
Default. Nu thay i nng lng hot ho ca phn ng (E), gi tr
Use Default E s trng. Chn ny s tr v gi tr E chung ban
u.
14

www.thuvien247.net
Results Page
Results Page hin th kt qu ca reactor tnh ton hi t. Trang
ny cha group Reactor Results Summary gm hai : Reaction
Extents v Reaction Balance.
Reaction Extents Radio Button

Khi chn ny, Reaction Extions hin th kt qu tnh ton reactor

hi t:
Result Field

M t

Actual %
Conversion

Hin th t l phn trm cu t c bn

trong dng nguyn liu tham gia phn
ng.

Base Component

Cu t c bn

Rxn Extent

T l mol cu t c bn tiu th trong

phn ng.

Reaction Balance Radio Button

15

www.thuvien247.net
Khi chn phm ny, Reaction Balance s cung cp ton b cc
tham s ca cc cht phn ng c trong CSTR. Tt c cc cu t c
trong Fluid Package s xut hin ti y.
Cc gi tr c hin th khi cc phn ng hon thnh. Bao gm
tng dng vo, dng ra v phn phn ng ca mi cu t. Gi tr
m vi cht tham gia phn ng, gi tr dng vi sn phm phn ng.
to v ci t
phn ng cn
bng xem
Section 4.4.3Equilibrium
Reaction ca
Simualtion Basis
guide.

Bt k thay i
no cng u
gy nh hng
ln ton b cc
phn ng m bn
ci t, thay
i cc b khng
c chp nhn.

9.3.3 Equilibrium Reactor - Reaction Tab

Equilibrium Reactor l thit b dng thng cha m trong thc
hin cc phn ng cn bng. Cc dng ra khi thit b dng cn
bng ha hc v l hc. Cc phn ng cn bng c ci t vo
EQUILIBRIUM REACTOR vi s lng khng gii hn v c
tin hnh song song hoc ni tip. Thnh phn cht phn ng v
qu trnh ha trn c coi l l tng, t HYSYS tnh ton hot
tnh ha hc ca mi cu t trong hn hp da trn c s hot
ca hn hp v cc cu t tinh khit.
C th kim tra chuyn ho ca phn ng, cu t c bn, hng
s cn bng v mc phn ng vi tng phn ng trong Reaction
Set chn. chuyn ho, hng s cn bng v mc phn ng
c t ng tnh ton da vo nhng thng tin v phn ng cn
bng c thit lp trong Reaction Set.
Details Page

Ch : Thay i
ton b phn
ng gy nh
hng ln tt c
Reaction Sets c
cha phn ng
v nh vy n
tt c cc thit b
c lin quan n
Reaction Sets.

Details page gm bn chn c bn: Stoichiometry, Basis, Ln[K]

v Table. c th xem cc thng tin ch tit v phn ng khi chn
vo mi .
Stoichiometry Radio Button

Chn vo Stoichiometry c th xem v thc hin cc thay i

cc tham s cc b ca phn ng nh h s t lng ca phn ng.
Balance Error v Reaction Heat ca phn ng cng c hin th.
16

www.thuvien247.net
Basis Radio Button

Xem Section
4.4.3Equilibrium
Reaction ca
Simulation Basis
guide bit
thng tin chi tit
v Equilibrium
Constant source.

Trong Basis c th xem hoc sa i cc thng tin ca mi phn

ng trong Reaction Set nh: Basis (tham s c bn) cho cc tnh
ton cn bng, Phase trong thc hin phn ng, nhit
Approach (gn ng) ca cu t cn bng v khong nhit min
v max i vi hng s cn bng. Cc d liu ngun cho cc tnh
ton hng s cn bng cng c hin th ti y.
Keq Radio Button
Trong Keq c th bit cc thng tin v hng s cn bng K, s ph
thuc ca K vo cc tham s khc, cch tnh LnK cho tng phn
ng (chn v xem Basis).

C bn la chn trong cch tnh gi tr ca K. Bao gm:

Ln(Keq) equation: Phng trnh tnh K
LnK = a + b
a = A + B/T + Cln(T) + D.T
b = E.T2 + F.T3 + H.T4 + G.T5
trong : A, B, C, D, E, F, H, G l cc hng s thc nghim cn T
l nhit Kelvin.
Gibbs Free energy: phng trnh nng lng t do Gibbs
Ln(K) = - G/RT
Fixed K: Gi tr K c nh, l cc gi tr thc nghim bit
ca phn ng
17

www.thuvien247.net
K v T table: bng gi tr thc nghim cc gi tr K v T cc
nhit khc nhau, t tnh ton gn ng gi tr K nhit
yu cu.
Approach Radio Button

i vi mi phn ng trong Reaction Set, a ra mt phng trnh

gn ng dng phn s, l mt hm ca nhit . Mi thng s
trong phng trnh Approach % c th c thay i trong trang
ny. S thay i cc thng s ch c gn cho cc la chn phn
ng trong cc dng ca thit b. Sau khi thay i c thc hin,
c th cho HYSYS tr v gi tr ban u bng cch chn Use
Default box.
bit thm thng tin
v phn ng
equilibrium, xem
Chapter4-Reaction
ca Simulation Basis
guide.

C th thay i mt phn ng bng cch n View Reaction. Cc

tham s chi tit ca phn ng s hin th.
Results Page
Cho bit cc thng s chuyn ha ca phn ng. bao gm hai :
Reaction Extents v Reaction Balance.
Reaction Extents

Bn c th ch nh
chuyn ha cho
mt phn ng
trong trang ny.

18

www.thuvien247.net
Cho bit chuyn ha ca phn ng hi t
Result Field

Description

Actual %
conversion

Hin th t l phn trm cu t c bn

ca dng nguyn liu phn ng
X = {( NAin NAout ) / NAin}. 100%
Trong X l chuyn ho, %
NAin lu lng dng vo reactor
Naout lu lng dng ra khi reactor

Base Component

Cu t phn ng tnh chuyn ho

Eqm Const

Gi tr ca hng s cn bng c tnh

ton nhit phn ng, theo biu thc:
B
ln K = A + + C ln T + DT
T
Trong : T l nhit phn ng, K
A,B,C,D l cc h s t l

Rxn Extent

Thng s v lu lng mol tiu th ca

cht tham gia phn ng

Reaction Balance

Cho bit cc thng s chi tit ca dng vo, phn ng v dng ra.
9.3.4 Gibbs Reactor Reactions Tab
Gibbs Reactor tnh ton cc thnh phn sao cho dng ra t c
cn bng pha v cn bng ha hc. Tuy nhin, GIBBS REACTOR
khng cn thit khai bo h s t lng ca phn ng tnh thnh
phn cc cu t trong dng ra. Nng lng t do Gibbs ca h phn
19

www.thuvien247.net
ng s t gi tr ti thiu trng thi cn bng, c s dng
tnh ton thnh phn hn hp sau phn ng. Cng nh Equilibrium
Reactor, cc cu t tinh khit v hn hp phn ng c gi s
trng thi l tng.

S linh hot ca GIBBS REACTOR cho php hot ng nh mt

thp tch, hoc nh mt reactor vi mc nng lng t do Gibbs ti
thiu m khng cn ci t phn ng hoc mt reactor thc hin
phn ng cn bng. Khi Reaction Set c gn vo, h s t lng
km theo phn ng c s dng tnh ton trong Gibbs
Reactor.
Overall Page
Trong Overall Page, trc ht phi chn Reaction Type. C ba
la chn: Gibbs Reaction Only, Equilibrium Reactions v No
Reaction. Sau c th gn Reaction Set vo nu cn thit v ch
nh cc thng s trong Rating Tab.
Reactor Type Group
Trong Reactor Type, chn Radio Button xc nh phng php
HYSYS s s dng tnh ton trong GIBBS REACTOR:
20

www.thuvien247.net
Radio Button

M t

Gibbs
Reactions
Only

Khng yu cu thit lp phn ng, v HYSYS

tnh ton h phn ng bng cch ti thiu nng
lng t do Gibbs trong iu kin cn bng
pha v cn bng ho hc. Ngi s dng c th
ty chnh s vng lp ti a v sai s khi tnh
cn bng trong Solving Option group.

Specify
Equilibrium
Reacitons

Hin th Equilibrium Reaction Set group.

Khi mt phn ng thit lp c gn vo,
Gibbs Reactor s c tnh ton bng cch s
dng cc h s t lng km theo phn ng.
Chc nng ti thiu ho nng lng t do
Gibbs c thc hin, ng thi gn gi tr 0
cho cc tham s cha bit.

NO Reactions GIBBS REACTOR c tnh ton nh mt

(= Seperator) thp tch, ch quan tm n cn bng pha trong
cc dng ra.
Details Page
Trang ny c mt nhm, Gibbs Reaction Details group. Trong
nhm ny c hai l Flow Specs v Atom Matrix. Cc thng tin
tng ng s hin ra khi bm vo mt trong hai tng ng.
Flow Specs Option
Khi chn Flow Specs, c th thy thnh phn phn mol dng
nguyn liu v sn phm (nh hnh trn). C th ch nh cu t no
l cht tr hoc thay i t l sn phm cho mt cu t no .
Cu t no c ch nh l cht tr s b loi tr, khng tham gia
vo qu trnh tnh ton. Ngha l khi kch hot Inert ca mt cu
t no , gi tr 1 v 0 tng ng s xut hin trong cc Frac
Spec v Fixed Spec, iu cho thy thnh phn cu t trong
dng nguyn liu bng trong dng sn phm.
21

www.thuvien247.net

C th xc nh t l sn phm ca cu t no trong reactor

trng thi cn bng. Cc cu t trong dng sn phm s c tnh
ton da trn cc gi tr Frac Spec v Fixed Spec:
Total Prod = FracSpec * Total Feed + FixedSpec
Gibbs Reactor s t ng tnh ton thnh phn dng ra. Nu c
nhng thay i khng hp l, mt tin nhn s hin th cnh bo cho
bit.
Atom Matrix Option (Ma trn nguyn t)

Khi kch hot Atom Matrix (nh hnh trn), c th nhp nguyn
t thnh phn ca loi hp cht no cha bit cng thc hoc
cha khai bo lc trc.
Trong giao din Atom Matrix hin th tt c cc cu t trong case
c cc nguyn t m HYSYS hiu c. Ti y c th nhp thm
vo thnh phn cc cu t cha khai bo hoc chnh sa li nguyn
t ca cc cu t bt k c trong thnh phn dng.
22

www.thuvien247.net
9.4 CSTR / General Reactor Rating Tab
Cn cung cp
thm thng tin
trong Rating Tab
khi lm vic vi
m phng ng.

Rating Tab bao gm Sizing, Nozzles v Heat Loss Pages. Mc d

phn ln thng tin ba trang ny khng cn thit khi m phng
tnh, xc nh kch thc reactor ng vai tr quan trng trong vic
tnh ton thi gian dng ca phn ng. bit thm thng tin tm
hiu thm Dynamics Modelling.
Sizing Page
Trong trang ny, c th xc nh dng hnh hc ca thit b. Cng
nh cho php hoc khng mt phng thc khi ng h thng gn
lin vi n. Nu c, cn xc nh cc tham s cn thit cho khi
ng h thng

C ba Objects chnh:
Object

M t

Geometry

Xc nh cc tham s hnh hc ca thit b

This Reactor
has a Boot

Khi kch hot, s thc hin Boot Dimesions

group

Boot
Dimensions

Cho php xc nh kch thc hnh hc

ca thit b khi ng

Geometry Group
Nhm ny cha nm Objects gip xc nh th tch thit b:
23

www.thuvien247.net
Object

Description

Cylinder/Sphere Chnh s khc nhau v hnh dng ca Cylinder

v Sphere (hnh tr v hnh cu) lm thay i
mt s thng s v phng php tnh th tch.
Nu chn Cylinder cc thng s nh ng
knh, chiu cao c xc nh, th tch c
tnh ton da vo phng trnh sau:
Vreactor = { Ddiameter2/4..Hheight} + Vboot
Nu chn Sphere, bit ng knh hoc chiu
cao, th tnh c tnh da trn phng trnh
sau:
Vreactor = {{Hheight or Ddiameter}3.}/6 + Vboot
Trong :
Vreactor: th tch reactor
Vboot: th tch thit b khi ng
Hheight, chiu cao reactor
Ddiameter : ng knh reactor.

Orientation

C th chn nh hng ca thit b:

Horizontal: hng nm ngang
Vertical: hng thng ng

Volume

Cha tng th tch ca thit b

C 3 trng hp c th xy ra:
Nu nhp chiu cao v ng knh vo th
th tch c tnh ton da trn mt trong
hai phng trnh trn. Nu thit b dng hnh
cu th ch cn mt hoc 2 thng s trn
Nu nhp mt gi tr hoc ng knh, hoc
chiu cao, thng s cn li l th tch th
HYSYS s t ng tnh ton cc gi tr cn
li da vo cc phng trnh trn
Nu ch nhp thng s ca th tch th chiu
cao v ng knh c tnh ton theo t l
3/2

Diameter

ng knh ca thit b. Nu thit b dng hnh

cu th gi tr ng knh nh chiu di

Hieght/Length

Chiu cao hoc chiu di ca thit b. Nu thit

b c dng hnh cu th y l gi tr ng
knh ca thit b.

Nhm Geometry c 3 tham s: th tch, ng knh v chiu cao

(hoc chiu di nu thit b nm ngang). Nu nhp gi tr Th tch
th khng cn nhp hai tham s cn li bi v HYSYS s tnh ton
24

www.thuvien247.net
chiu cao (hoc chiu di) v ng knh theo t l
Height/Diameter l 3/2. Tuy nhin c th nhp mt trong hai tham
s (hoc chiu cao hoc ng knh) v tham s th ba s c t
ng tnh ton theo mt trong hai biu thc trn.
Boot Dimensions
Nu reactor ang tnh ton c Boot, cn nhp cc thng s th tch
ca thit b bng cch kch hot This Reactor has a Boot. Khi ny
s hin th giao din Boot Dimensions group. Boot Dimension
gm hai fields:

Field

M t

Boot Diameter

ng knh ca Boot. Gi tr mc nh
thng l 1/3 ng knh reactor.

Boot Height

Gi tr mc nh chiu cao ca Boot thng

bng mt na ng knh reactor.

Th tch ca Boot c tnh ton da trn th tch mt hnh tr:

Vboot = .{Dboot/2}.Hboot
v gi tr mc nh ca reactor l:
Vboot =

.{Dreactor/6}2 . Dreactor/2

. Dreactor3 /72

Heat Loss Page

Trang ny cho php la chn Heat Loss Model tnh ton v
nhp cc tham s cn thit cho tng model. bit thm thng tin
v heat loss, xem Dynamic Modelling guide.

25

www.thuvien247.net
9.5 CSTR / General Reactor Work Sheet Tab
Work Sheet tab cha mt bng tm tt nhng thng tin ca dng
nh: tnh cht, thnh phn, cc tham s chi tit ca dng. PF Specs
page cha cc tm tt tnh cht ca dng t Dynamics tab

9.6 CSTR / General Reactor Dynamics Tab

Nu lm vic ch mt phng tnh khng cn thay i bt k
thng tin no trong trang ny. bit thm thng tin v CSTR v
General Reactor trong m phng ng, xem HYSYS Dynamic
Modelling guide.

26

www.thuvien247.net
9.7 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Property View

PFR ((Plug Flow Reactor, hoc Tubular Reactor) c dng ng hnh

tr. Dng cht phn ng theo m hnh dng y l tng, khng c
s khuy trn, cc dng i xuyn tm ng hng (khng c chnh
lch khi lng hoc nhit ). S xo trn quanh trc khng ng
k c th b qua.
Bi v dng cht phn ng chuyn ng lin tc dc theo chiu di
ng phn ng, nn nng xung quanh trc l cao hn. Tc
phn ng li ph thuc vo nng cht phn ng, v vy tc
phn ng s bin thin dc theo trc (coi phn ng l bc khng).
Xem xt cch gii bi ton vi thit b PFR (c chnh lch dc theo
trc ca nng cc cu t, nhit phn ng,). Th tch thit b
phn ng c chia thnh nhng phn nh. Trong mi phn t th
tch ny, phn ng xy ra vi tc c coi nh l nh nhau. Cn
bng mol tnh ton cho mi phn t th tch j nh sau:

F j 0 F j + r j dV =
V

dN j
dt

Bi v tc phn ng coi nh l nh nhau trong mi phn t th

tch, nn s hng th ba ca biu thc trn l rjV. Trong m phng
tnh, v phi ca biu thc trn bng khng, v biu thc trn s
c rt gn thnh:
Fj = Fj0 + rjV
C hai cch thit lp thit b phn ng PFR:
Bm phm F12 v chn Plug Flow Reactor t Unit Ops view
27

www.thuvien247.net
Hoc chn Plug Flow Reactor trong Object Palette.
9.7.1 PFR Design Tab
PFR Design Tab gm 5 trang:

Page

Input Required

Conections Nhp dng nguyn liu v sn phm

Parameters Cung cp c im ca gim p sut v
dng nng lng
Heat
transfer

Cho php xc nh cc thng s truyn nhit

User
Variable

To cc bin s s dng trong hot ng ca

thit b

Notes

Thm cc ch vo thit b

Connections Page

Trong Connection Page c th t tn thit b cng nh cung cp

tn dng nguyn liu, sn phm v nng lng. Ch rng, nu
28

www.thuvien247.net
khng cung cp dng nng lng th thit b c coi l hot ng
ch on nhit.
Object

Input Required

Inlets

Cung cp tn ca dng nguyn liu vo

Outlets

Cung cp tn dng sn phm ra khi thit b

Energy
Trong field name, khng bt buc phi khai
(Optional) bo dng nng lng, tuy nhin trong trng
hp ny HYSYS s gi nh thit b hot ng
ch on nhit

Parameters Page

b qua PFR
trong qu trnh
tnh ton, nhn
vo Ignore check
box. Hysys s b
qua thit b cho
n khi kch hot
li bng cch xa
khng chn check
box.

Parameters Page chia thnh 3 phn, t c th ch th cho

HYSYS tnh ton gim p sut, trao i nhit v quyt nh hot
ng ca thit b

Delta P
Trong group ny, c th chn mt trong nhng phm c sn tnh
ton gim p sut qua thit b
29

www.thuvien247.net

Khi bn chn
Ergun Equation,
gim p sut
i mu t xanh
sang en. Ngha
l gi tr ny
c tnh bi
Hysys.

Radio
button

Description

User
Specified

phi ch nh gim p sut trong Pressure

Drop
HYSYS s dng phng trnh Ergun tnh
ton gim p sut qua PFR. Phng trnh
ny bao gm cc gi tr kch thc, dng m
cung cp cho PFR

Ergun
Equation
Nu bn chon
Ergun
Equation v
khng c xc
tc trong phn
ng, Hysys s
t ng ci t
P = 0.

Trong : P : gim p sut

gc : trng lc Newton
L : chiu di thit b
s : ht hnh cu
D : ng knh ht xc tc
: t trng cht lng
V: vn tc cht lng trn b mt
ngoi hoc trong thp rng
: t l hc
: nht cht lng

Duty
Trong tnh ton trao i nhit, c th chn cc radio button sau:
Radio
Button

Description

Formula

Sau khi cung cp cc thng tin v h s

truyn nhit, HYSYS s t ng tnh ton
dng nng lng

Direct Q
Value

c th trc tip cung cp gi tr dng nng

lng

C th xanh dng nng lng l Heating hoc Colling. Nu l

Heating gi tr ca dng mang du cng, Colling - mang du tr.
La chn trong SS
Duty Calculation
Option Group
c chuyn sang
Heat Transfer
group trong
Parameters Page.

Heat Transfer Page

Cc dng ca Heat Transfer Page ty thuc vo vic chn trong
giao din SS Duty Calculation Option, hoc Formula hoc Direct Q
Value (xem hnh di y).
30

www.thuvien247.net
Direct Q Value Option

Nu chn Direct Q Value, giao din Heat Transfer gm c ba

Object nh hnh trn.
Objects

M t

Energy Stream

Tn dng nng lng

Duty

Nng sut ca dng nng lng

Heating/ Colling La chn mt trong hai ch ca dng nng

lng, nu l Heating gi tr dng mang du
cng, Colling mang du tr.
Formula Option
Vi Formula
Option, phi khai
bo mt dng nng
lng gn vo
PFR. Khng th s
dng ty chn ny
trong cc iu kin
on nhit.

B qua s trao
i nhit ca
thnh ng.

31

www.thuvien247.net
Vi Fomula Option, ch nh HYSYS tnh ton chnh xc hiu
sut ca mi phn t th tch ca PFR, s dng h s trao i nhit
cc b trong v ngoi mi ng PFR vi cc phng trnh sau:

Qj = UjA(Tbulkj Toutj)
Trong : Qj= Nhit trao i cho phn t th tch j
Uj=H s trao i nhit ton phn ca phn t th tch j
Gi tr cui cng
trong phng
A= Din tch b mt ng PFR
trnh i din cho
Tbulkj= nhit trong th tch cht lng
dy thnh ng
v dn nhit
ca vt liu lm
ng c coi l
khng ng k v
b qua trong tnh
ton PFR.

Toutj= nhit bn ngoi ng PFR (dng lng ngoi ng)

1/U = 1/hout + 1/hw + xw/km
Trong :

U= H s trao i nhit ton phn

hout= h s trao i nhit cc b bn ngoi ng
hw= h s trao i nhit cc b trong ng PFR

Nu xc nh
Heat Flow trong
Energy Stream
property view v
chn phm
Formula trn
Heat Transfer
page, vic gii
bi ton s gp
tr ngi. Bn
khng nn chn
duty v nn
HYSYS tnh ton.

xw/km= gii hn trao i nhit ca thnh ng (b qua

trong tnh ton)
Trong mi phn t th tch, nhit c trao i gia dng lng bn
trong ng PFR v dng lng bn ngoi ng (utility fluid). C 2
nhm trong Heat Transfer Page cho php cung cp cc thng s
s c s dng.
Heat Medium Side Heat Transfer Infos Group

Trong nhm ny c th thay i cc thng s s dng tnh ton

nhit lng Qj cho dng ra ca mi phn t th tch ca PFR.
32

www.thuvien247.net
Parameter

Formula Input Required

Variable

Wall Heat Transfer hout

Coefficient

Xc nh gi tr h s truyn
nhit cc b. T gi tr UA,
trong trng hp ny U l h
s truyn nhit cc b, bng
hng s, thay i theo chiu
di, ng knh hoc s ng
(thc hin trong Dimensions
page) s nh hng n hout

Mole Flow

Lu lng mol ca dng lng

trao i nhit

Heat Capacity

Nhit dung ca dng lng trao

i nhit

Inlet Temperature

Nhit ca dng lng vo

PFR

Calculated Duty

Qj

Duty c tnh ton cho mi

phn t th tch ca PFR

Phng trnh s dng tnh ton nhit ca dng lng bn ngoi

ng (utility fluid) i vo mi phn t th tch j l:
Qj = mC(Tj Tj+1)

Tube Side Heat Transfer Info Group

Trong group ny c th chn cch thc tnh h s trao i nhit cc
b (hw) bng cch chn mt trong ba hp chn User, Epirical v
Standar, sau in cc thng s yu cu nh trong bng di y:

33

www.thuvien247.net

Hysys mc nh :
A = 1.6
B = 0.51
C = 0.33

Radio
Button

Description

User

Xc nh gi tr
ca h s trao
i nhit cc b
trong User
Specified

Epirical

S dng phng
trnh kinh
nghim xc
nh h s trao
i nhit
hw = A * FlowB
C th chn i
lng c bn
cho phng trnh
tnh ton l
Molar, Mass,
hoc Volume

Standar

Tnh ton hw da
vo ch s
Nusselt:
Nu = A*ReB*PrC
hw = Nu*kg/D

view

User Variable Page

User Variable Page cho php thit lp v xc nh cc bin trong
HYSYS. Xem thng tin chi tit trong User Variables option,
Chapter 5 - User Variables ca ti liu Customization Guide.
Notes Page
Ghi chp cc thng tin, ch thch cn thit lin quan n PFR hoc
qu trnh m phng ni chung.
34

www.thuvien247.net
9.7.2 Reactions Tab
Chn Reaction Set trong Reaction Tab. Ch rng PFR Reaction
ch thc hin ba loi phn ng l Kinetic, Heterogeneous
Catalytic, Simple Rate. Tab ny gm ba trang: Overall, Details v
Results.
Overall Page

Page ny chia lm ba group: Reaction Info, Integration

Information, v Catalyst Data.
Reaction Info Group

Phn ny phi cung cp hai thng tin: Reaction Set s dng

tnh ton v la chn phng php Initialize segment. Chn phn
ng t danh sch ko th phn ng gn vo Fluid Pakage m
s dng trong environment.
35

www.thuvien247.net
Nh m t trc y, PFR c phn chia thnh cc phn t
bng thut ton gii reactor: HYSYS s tnh ton cho mi phn t
ca reactor. Cc phn ng trong cc phn t c tnh ton bng
cc phng php sau:
t gi tr
khi u

M t

Current (hin
thi)

t gi tr khi u t cc phn t hin thi

(current segment)

Previous

t gi tr khi u t cc phn t trc

(previous segment)

Re-init

t gi tr khi u li tnh ton phn ng

t phn t hin thi.

Integration Information

Chiu di ca mi
phn on l hng
s trong sut qu
trnh tnh ton. Tuy
nhin, nu mt gii
php khng t c
trong mt phn on
ring l, n s c
chia thnh cc phn
nh hn n khi t
c kt qu. iu

Nhm ny gm ba fields:
Field

M t

Number of segment

S cc phn on mun chia PFR

thnh

Minimum Step Fraction

S bc ti thiu thc hin tnh

ton trong phn on

Minimum Step Length

Chiu di ti thiu ca phn on

PFR reactor

Trong qu trnh tnh ton trong mi phn on, HYSYS s thc

hin tnh ton trn ton b chiu di ca phn on. Nu khng c
kt qu, phn on hin thi s c chia i, v HYSYS s li
thc hin tnh ton trn na u ca phn on. Phn on s tip
tc c chia i cho n khi php tnh c li gii ng. Phn on
c chia n khi chiu di ca n nh hn chiu di ti thiu
(Minimum Step Length) th qu trnh tnh ton s dng li.
36

www.thuvien247.net
Catalyst Data

Nu trong Ratings Tab t rng (Void Fraction) ca phn on

nh hn 1 tc l trong Reactor c xc tc, hp thoi Catalyst Data
s hin th, cc thng s sau ca xc tc cn c cung cp:
Field

Description

Particle Diameter ng knh cc ht xc tc, gi tr mc nh

l 0.001m
Particle
Sphericity
( cu ca ht
xc tc)

Solid density
(t trng biu
kin)

Bulk Density
(t trng )

c nh ngha l bng din tch b mt hnh

cu c cng th tch vi ht xc tc chia cho
din tch b mt ca ht. Ht c dng hnh cu
s c Sphericity bng 1. Diameter v
Sphericity c s dng tnh ton gim
p (trong biu thc tnh gim p Ergun)
nu ht khng phi hnh cu.
Cho bit mt phn rn ca ht xc tc, bao
gm c khng gian ca cc mao qun bn
trong ht xc tc, bng khi lng chia cho
ton b th tch ca ht, ngha l bao gm c
th tch mao qun. Gi tr mc nh l
2500kg/m3
Bng Solid density nhn vi mt tr i th
tch mao qun
b = s*(1-ma)

(kg/m3)

Trong : b: t trng ca xc tc
s: t trng biu kin ca xc tc
ma: th tch mao qun ca xc tc
Solid Heat
Capacity

Nhit dung ca vt rn, c s dng tnh

enthalpy trong m phng ng. T trng
cng c s dng trong tnh ton ny.

37

www.thuvien247.net
Details Page

Ti y c th iu khin cc phn ng gn vo Reaction Set

chn. Hp thoi ny chia lm 3 Objects:
Object

Description

Reaction Bng danh sch ko th chn phn ng t Reaction

Set chn Overall Page
View
M ra cc thng s chi tit ca phn ng v cho php
Reaction iu chnh. Cc iu chnh c thc hin s nh
hng n ton b cc phn khc ca phn ng
Specifics C 2 la chn l Stoichiometry v Basis.
Stoichiometry Group

Group ny cho php kim tra cht phn ng, trng lng phn t
v h s phn ng.
38

www.thuvien247.net
Basis Group

Trong Group ny c th xem cu t chnh (Base Component), cc

tham s khc. c th thay i cc tham s ny, tuy nhin nhng
thay i ny s ch nh hng n nhng gi tr ci t hin thi
ca phn ng v s khng b nh hng bi cc reactor khc khi s
dng Reaction Set hoc Reaction.
View Reaction Button
Bm phm ny m ra xem Reaction property view ca phn
ng chn trong hp thoi ko th. Lu rng bt c s thay i
trong Conversion Reaction property view s lm thay i ton b
phn ng chn v tt c Reaction Sets c cha phn ng ny.
Results Page
Bn c th thay i
tham s chuyn
ha cho phn ng
trong trang ny.

Results Page hin th kt qu tnh ton thit b phn ng hi t.

Giao din ca trang ny gm c 2 hp thoi: Reaction Extents (cho
bit t l chuyn ha ca phn ng) v Reaction Balance (cho bit
cn bng ca phn ng)
Reaction Extents

39

www.thuvien247.net
Khi chn Reaction Extents, s hin th cc kt qu sau:
Trng kt qu

M t

Actual %
Conversion

Hin th chuyn ha hin thi, %

cu t chnh trong dng nguyn liu
tham gia phn ng

Base Component

Cu t chnh, c s dng tnh

chuyn ha

Rxn Extent

Phn mol cu t chnh phn ng

Reaction Balance

Bt k mt thay
i no s nh
hng n ton
b cc phn ng
c gn vo.
Thay i cc b
khng c thc
hin.

Khi chn Reaction Balance s hin th ton b cc cu t trong

PFR. Tt c cc cu t trong fluid package c a ra y.
Trn giao din hin th ton b cc thng tin ca tt c cc phn
ng. Total Inflow rate (lu lng tng dng vo), Total Reacted
rate (tc phn ng tng cng) v Total Outflow (lu lng tng
dng ra) cho mi cu t c biu din bng phn mol. Gi tr m
th hin cho cc cht tham gia phn ng, gi tr dng th hin cho
sn phm phn ng.
9.7.3 Ratings Tab
Ratings Tab cha mt trang Sizing
Sizing Page

40

www.thuvien247.net

Trong Sizing Page, c th ch nh thng tin cho Tube Dimesions

v Tube Packing.
Tube Dimesions
cn phi xc nh ba trong s bn tham s sau y:
Tube Dimesion

Description

Total Volume

Tng th tch ca PFR

Length

Tng chiu di ca ng

Diameter

ng knh ng

Number of Tube

Tng s ng yu cu, lun

lun l s nguyn.

Khi bit ba thng s ca Tube Dimension, thng s th t s t

ng c tnh ton. Lu rng Total Volume l tng cng th
tch ca tt c cc ng.
Gi tr mc nh s ng t l 1. Mc d s ng ni chung c xc
nh t u, cn t tham s ny nh l gi tr c tnh ton bng
cch la chn Number of Tubes v bm phm DELETE. S ng s
lun lun c tnh ton l s nguyn. S ng cng c th nhn gi
tr gn vi 0 ty thuc vo xc nh kch thc ng. Trong trng
hp ny, phai rxacs nh li cc kch thc ca ng phn ng.
Tube Wall Thickness (chiu dy thnh ng) cng c xc nh t
u.
41

www.thuvien247.net
Tube Packing
Th tch xp
c s dng
tnh ton
vn tc, N tc
ng n tc
phn ng.

C 2 trng l Voids Fraction v Void Volume. Gi tr mc nh

Void Fraction l 1, trng hp ny c ngha l khng c cht xc
tc trong thit b phn ng v Void Volume bng Total Volume.
Nu gi tr Void Fraction nh hn 1, ngha l trong thit b c cht
xc tc v cn cung cp thng tin trong Overall page ca
Reaction Tab. Cc thng tin ny c s dng tnh ton
gim p, nhit dung ca reactor v lu lng khng gian ca cht
lng trong ng phn ng khi c xc tc.
9.7.4 Work Sheet Tab
Worksheet tab cha tm tt ton b cc thng tin trong Stream
property view cho tt c cc dng km theo thit b phn ng.
Conditions, Properties, v Compositions pages c cc thng tin
chn lc t cc trang tng ng ca Worksheet tab cho Stream
property view. Cn PF Specs page bao gm tm tt cc tnh cht
ca dng cho m phng ng.
9.7.5 Performance Tab

42

www.thuvien247.net
Biu din s bin thin ca cc tham s dc theo trc ca PFR.
Performance tab c 5 trang, mi trang c cc ng cong bin thin
ca cc tham s: Conditions, Flows, Reaction Rates (Rxn Rates),
Transport v Compositions.
Mi trang bao gm bng s liu lin quan v th biu din. Lu
rng trc honh lun lun biu din Reactor Length (chiu di ng
phn ng).
Cc s liu trong bng l gi tr trung bnh ca mi phn on ng
phn ng v tng ng vi s phn on c xc nh ban u.
Conditions Page
Physical Parameters
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Entropy
Duty
Vapour Fraction

Ti trang ny c th xem bng cc tham s vt l: nhit , p sut,

phn mol hi, Hiu sut, Ernthalpy, Entropy, nh l hm ca
chiu di ng phn ng.
Nu chn phm Plot, cc th s c hin th nh trn hnh.

Flows Page
C bn dng c hin th dng bng hoc dng th hm ca
chiu di ng phn ng:
Dng vt liu: Molar, Mass hoc Volume
Dng nng lng: Heat

43

www.thuvien247.net
Nu chn phm Plot, s liu t bng s chuyn sang dng th
hm s ca chiu di ng phn ng.
Mc d ch c
mt Reaction Set
c th c nh
km vi PFR, n
bao gm nhiu
phn ng.

Reaction Rates Page

c th xem s liu Reaction Rate hoc Component Production
Rate l hm ca Reactor Length ti Rxn Rates page, bng cch
la chn phm tng ng.
C th xem biu din dng th bng cch chn phm Plot.
Transport Page

Transport
Properties
Viscosity
Molar Weight
Mass Density
Heat Capacity
Surface Tension
Z Factor

Cc tnh cht vn chuyn (truyn nhit v chuyn khi) cng c

biu din l hm ca chiu di ng phn ng trong trang ny.
C th la chn phm Plot xem th biu din. Chn phm
tng ng hin th th ca tham s cn xem.
Compositions Page
C th xem bin i ca tng cu t ring bit bng cch s dng
mt trong su tham s c bn sau:

Molar Flow
Mass Flow
Liquid Volume Flow
Fraction:
o Mole Fraction
o Mass Fraction
o Liquid Volume Fraction

C th hin th s liu dng th bng cch chn phm Plot.

9.7.6 Dynamics Tab
Nu lm vic trong mi trng m phng tnh, khng cn phi
thay i bt k thng tin no trong cc trang c lin quan. Thng tin
chi tit v chy PFR trong m phng ng, xem trong ti liu
Dynamic Modelling.

44

www.thuvien247.net
9.7.7 PFR Example Problem
Trong v d ny, nghin cu phn ng cracking on nhit aceton
thnh ketene v metan trong PFR:
CH3COCH3

CH2CO + CH4

Jeffreys a ra biu thc hn s tc phn ng nh sau:

34222
k = 8.2 1014 exp

trong : k l hng s tc phn ng, sec-1

T l nhit , K
Fluid Package and Reaction Setup
1. Thit lp Fluid Package s dng PRSV
2. T Reaction Manager (Reactions tab ca Simulation Basis
Manager view), bm phm Add Comps.
3. Chn phm Library trong nhm Add Comps.
4. Chn Acetone, Methane v Ketene
5. ng giao din Reaction Component Selection
6. M Reaction Manager, bm phm Add Reaction.
7. nh du Kinetic trong giao din Reactions v bm phm
Add Reaction. Giao din Kinetic Reaction s xut hin.
8. in y thng tin trong Stoichiometry, Basis v
Parameters tab nh trong hnh di y:

45

www.thuvien247.net

Gi tr A ly trc tip t
biu thc tnh hng s
tc phn ng, nhng
khi tnh ton cn gi tr
E. C th thy
E/R=34222 (n v K).
Do E=34222R v gi
tr hng s kh l tng
ty h n v,
R=8.31kJ/kmol.K, t
c E=2.85*105kJ/kmol

Ch c mt phn ng c s dng tnh ton, s s dng Global

Rxn Set. Phn ng s t ng c gn vo.
By gi phi gn cc cu t phn ng vo Fluid Package v thit
lp phn ng trong Main Flowsheet, thc hin trong giao din
Reaction Manager:
1. nh du Global Rxn Set trong Reaction Sets group.
2. Bm phm Add to FP
3. nh du Fluid Package, thit lp nh trn, trong giao din
Add Global Rxn Set
4. Bm phm Add Set to Fluid Package
5. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment
46

www.thuvien247.net
Feed Stream and Connections
Khi to dng nguyn liu Acetone v Plug Flow reactor nh sau:
MATERIAL STREAM [Acetone]
Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]

Worksheet
[Composition]

Input Area

Entry

Temperature

761.8500 C

Pressure

162.0000 kPa

Molar Flow

137.9000 kgmole/hr

Acetone Mole Frac

1.0000

Ketene Mole Frac

0.0000

Methane Mole Frac

0.0000

Trn Parameters page ca Design tab, chn phm User Specified

v t gim p (Pressure Drop) bng 0 kPa.
Trn Heat Transfer page ca Design tab, chn phm Direct Q
Value. Trong Heat Transfer group, t gi tr Duty l 0 kJ/hr, v
y l thit b on nhit.

47

www.thuvien247.net
Rating Tab
Nhp cc thng tin cho Tube Dimensions and Tube Packing nh
trong hnh di. Ch xc nh Tube Volume, Length, Number of
Tubes, Wall Thickness v Void Fraction (Total Volume s c
tnh ton). Diameter ca cc ng s c tnh ton.

Xt reactor c tp hp mt ngn ng (1-in. schedule) trong 40 ng,

2.28 m chiu di. ng knh trong ca ng nm trong (1-in.
schedule) l 1.049 (0,0266 m) v chiu dy thnh ng l 0.133
(0.0034 m). S dng rng (void fraction) bng 1.
Reactions Tab
Trn Overall page ca Reactions tab, gn Global Rxn Set vo
PFR. Khng cn thit phi thay i cc thng tin mc nh. Reactor
s thc hin tnh ton ngay lp tc.
V void fraction t bng 1, khng cn thit phi nhp thng tin v
xc tc. Nh vy l thit b phn ng khng c xc tc.
Steady State Solution and Profiles
HYSYS tnh ton v hi t trong iu kin m phng tnh. Quan st
ng pha di ca giao din, php tnh s hi t khi nhit
khong 664oC. Dng sn phm (PFR Product) c cc tham s sau:
48

www.thuvien247.net
Name

PFR Product

Vapour Frac

1.0000

Temperature [C]

649.0101

Pressure [kPa]

162.0000

Molar Flow [kgmole/hr]

167.9292

Mass Flow [kg/hr]

8009.2488

Liq Vol Flow [m3/day]

11.3991

Heat Flow [kJ/hr]

-1.7157e+07

Comp Mole Frac [Methane]

0.6424

Comp Mole Frac [Acetone]

0.1788

Comp Mole Frac [Ketene]

0.1788

C th xem bin thin ca cc tham s theo chiu di ng phn ng

bng cch vo Performance tab v bm phm Plot. V d trong
hnh di biu din trc tung l nhit . C th la chn cc tham
s khc trong Performance tab bng cch chn phm khc trong
Type group.

Chn mt trong nm trang trong xem cc s liu khc ca

PFR, hoc dng bng hoc dng th.

49

www.thuvien247.net

10-CC CNG C LOGIC

10.1 Adjust................................................................................. 2
10.1.1 Connections Tab..........................................................2
10.1.2 Parameters Tab............................................................5
10.1.3 Monitor Tab.................................................................10
10.1.4 Starting the Adjust.......................................................11
10.1.5 Individual ADJUST.....................................................12
10.1.6 Multiple ADJUST....................................................... 15
10.2 Balance................................................................................17
10.2.1 Connections Tab......................................................... 18
10.2.2 Parameters Tab............................................................18
10.2.3 Mole and Heat Balance...............................................19
10.2.4 Mole Balance...............................................................22
10.2.5 Mass Balance...............................................................24
10.2.6 Heat Balance............................................................... 26
10.2.7 General Balance.......................................................... 28
10.3 Parametric Unit Operation...............................................33
10.3.1 Design Tab.................................................................. 33
10.3.2 Parameters Tab............................................................38
10.3.3 Worksheet Tab.............................................................39
10.4 Recycle................................................................................40
10.4.1 Connections Tab......................................................... 40
10.4.2 Parameters Tab............................................................41
10.4.3 Worksheet Tab............................................................ 47
10.4.4 Monitor Tab................................................................ 47
10.4.5 Calculations.................................................................48
10.4.6 Reducing Convergence Time......................................48
10.4.7 Single Recycle Example............................................. 49
10.4.8 Multiple Recycle Example..........................................52
10.4.9 Multiple Recycle Example Revisited..........................57
10.5 Set........................................................................................61
10.5.1 Connections Tab..........................................................61
10.5.2 Parameters Tab............................................................62
10.5.3 Set Example.................................................................63
10.6 Spreadsheet.........................................................................66
10.6.1 Spreadsheet Functions ............................................... 67
10.6.2 Spreadsheet Interface.................................................. 71
10.6.3 Spreadsheet Tabs ....................................................... 74
10.6.4 Spreadsheet Example...................................................79
1

www.thuvien247.net
10.1 Adjust
Cng c Adjust s thay i gi tr ca mt bin dng (bin c lp)
ph hp vi gi tr c yu cu hoc xc nh (bin ph thuc)
trong mt dng khc hoc mt cng c khc.
Adjust l cng c
ch thc hin
trong m phng
tnh. Trong m
phng ng,
Hysys s b qua.

Trong mt lu trnh (Flowsheet), c th c s kt hp chc chn

ca cc tham s m khng th gii trc tip c. Cc vn nh
th ny s c gii bng k thut trial-and-error (th v sai s php tnh lp). Nhm gii nhanh chng cc vn thuc dng ny,
cng c Adjust s t ng thc hin cc vng lp trail-and-error
cho bn.

Bin c lp
khng c gi tr
tnh ton m gi
tr phi c xc
nh t ban u

Adjust cc k linh hot. N cho php bn lin kt cc bin dng

trong lu trnh trn cc ng dn m khng phi s dng cc cng
c vt l thng thng. N c th dng gii cho gi tr mong
mun ca ch mt bin c lp, hoc nhiu Adjust c th c thit
lp gii cho nhiu gi tr mong mun ca mt vi bin ng thi.
Adjust c th thc hin cc chc nng:
Hiu chnh bin c lp cho n khi bin ph thuc tha mn
gi tr mc tiu.
Hiu chnh bin c lp cho n khi bin ph thuc bng gi
tr ca mt bin tng t cho i tng khc, cng thm
lch cho php.

Phm Adjust

thit lp cng c Adjust, chn Add Operation t Flowsheet

Menu, v chn Adjust. Cch khc, chn phm Adjust trong Object
Palette.

10.1.1 Connections Tab

Tab u tin trong giao din ca Adjust hin th cc c tnh, cng
nh cc vi cng c logical khc, l Connections tab. Trong
giao din ca tab gm c 3 nhm: Adjusted Variable (bin c
hiu chnh), Target Variable (bin mc tiu), v Target Value (gi
tr mc tiu), nh hnh sau.

www.thuvien247.net

Nhm Adjusted/Target Variable

Nhm Adjusted v Target Variable hin th tng t nhau, trong
mi nhm cha mt trng i tng (Object field), mt trng
bin (Variable field) v mt phm la chn bin (Select Var).
Adjusted Object l la chn ca bin c lp, c thc hin
t c gi tr xc nh ca bin Target. Target Object l bin
ph thuc, gi tr c xc nh ban u m bn ang c gng t
c. Target Object c th l mt Thit b (Unit Operation), mt
dng (Stream), hay mt tin ch (Utility).
La chn cc bin khi s dng bin iu hng (Variable Navigator)
Bn chn i tng (Object) v bin ca n (Variable) ng thi
bng cch s dng bin iu hng (Variable Navigator), truy cp
bng cch s dng phm Select Var. Bm vo phm ny s xut
hin giao din nh hnh sau.

www.thuvien247.net
Variable Navigator xut hin bao gm 4 hp danh sch tr gip
la chn cc bin nh mt b lc. Cc hp danh sch lm vic lin
tc, ngha l hp danh sch ch c th s dng c nu mt la
chn c to ra t hp danh sch trc . Bng di y l 4 hp
danh sch c phn cp theo th t:
List Box

Miu t

Flowsheet

Hp ny s hin th cc lu trnh v cc lu
trnh con c trong case. Ch rng cc thp
cng c cc lu trnh con v bi vy tn thp
phi c la chn trong hp ny chn cc
bin ca thp.

Object

i khi lu trnh c la chn, danh sch

trong hp Object s xut hin tt c cc i
tng trong lu trnh. Nu danh sch cha qu
nhiu i tng, n c th c chn lc ra mt
trong s cc kiu i tng, la chn trong hp
nhm Object Filter

Variable

Khi mt i tng c la chn (c nh

du trong hp danh sch), tt c cc bin khc
s b m i.

Variable
Specifics

S dng hp danh sch ny yu cu phi ch r

mt vi chi tit ca bin th d nh cc tham s
k thut ca thit b.

Khi bin hiu chnh/mc tiu (adjust/target variable) ph hp c

chn, bm phm OK v chn i tng (Object) v bin (Variable)
ph hp s xut hin trong trng ca tab.
Gi tr mc tiu (Target Value)
Khi Target Object v Variable c xc nh, c 2 la chn
cho Target s c thc hin nh sau:
Nu bin mc tiu (Target Variable) l mt s bit, th
chn User Supplied (nh hnh trn), v nhp gi tr tng
ng vo Specified Target Value.
Nu bin mc tiu (Target Variable) l mt gi tr (hoc gi
tr cng vi sai lch) ca cng mt bin trong mt dng
khc hoc thao tc khc, th chn Another Object (nh hnh
4

www.thuvien247.net
bn di), v la chn dng hoc thao tc lin quan trong
Matching Value Object. Nu p dng, th nhp sai lch
(offset) vo trong tng ng.

10.1.2 Parameters Tab

Khi chn cc bin c lp v ph thuc, tiu chun hi t phi c

xc nh. iu ny thng c thc hin trong Parameters tab.
Solving Parameter

Miu t

Simultaneous
Solution

Gii quyt nhiu vng Adjust cng lc. Ch

c 1 phng php gii quyt ng thi, do
khi ty chn c kch hot th s khng xut
hin Method.

Method

Khai bo phng php gii quyt (khng

ng thi): Secant hoc Broydent

Tolerance

Khai bo sai s tuyt i, tc l gi tr khc

nhau ln nht gia bin mc tiu (Target
Variable) v gi tr mc tiu (Target Value)
5

www.thuvien247.net
Step Size

Kch thc bc ban u lm vic cho n

khi kt qu c ng li.

Maximum /
Minimum

Gii hn ln hn v thp hn cho bin c

lp (khng bt buc) c thit lp trong
trng ny

Maximum
Iterations

S cc ln lp trc khi Hysys ngng tnh

ton, gi s gii php khng thu c kt qu

Sim Adj Manager

M phn qun l hiu chnh ng b cho

php bn gim st v thay i tt c cc hiu
chnh la chn ng thi.

Optimizer
Controlled

B qua 1 bin v 1 hng s ti u ha.

Khi kch hot hiu qu ca hiu chnh ng
thi s tng ln. La chn ny yu cu RTO.

La chn phng php tnh

Cc vng hiu chnh c th c gii quyt ring l hoc ng thi.
Nu vng c gii quyt ring l, th bn c la chn mt thut
ton tm kim Secant (chm v chc chn) hoc Broyden (nhanh
nhng khng m bo). Gii php ng thi s dng mt thut ton
tm kim a bin Broyden. Mt vng hiu chnh n c th c
gii quyt ng thi (Simultaneous mode), tuy nhin, phng php
ny thng c dnh ring cho cc vng lin kt phc tp.
Khi chn Simultaneous Solution th trng phng php (Method
field) s khng xut hin na.

www.thuvien247.net
Adjust trong tt
c cc case c t
ng c a
vo SAM

SAM yu cu 2
hoc nhiu phm
c kch hot
(tc l khng b
qua) adj tnh
ton. Nu ch s
dng 1 adj th nn
s dng Secant
hoc Broyden

Qun l hiu chnh ng b (Simultaneous Adjust Manager SAM)

Qun l hiu chnh ng b (SAM) cho php gim st v thay i
tt c cc hiu chnh chn ng thi. iu ny cho php truy cp
phng php tnh ton c hiu qu hn v iu khin nhiu hn
cc qu trnh tnh ton.
SAM c khi ng bng cch bm vo phm Sim Adj Manager
hoc bng cch chn Simultaneous Adjust Manager t
Simulation menu.
SAM bao gm 3 tab: Configuration, Parameters v History, cng
vi phm Stop v Start. nh du chn vo Ignored chuyn
tt qua SAM cng nh tt c cc hiu chnh chn ng thi.

Configuration Tab
Configuration Tab hin th thng tin v cc hiu chnh c
chn ng thi. C th xem cc hiu chnh ring l bng cch nhn
p ln tn ca hiu chnh. Bn cn c th thay i gi tr mc tiu
(target value) hoc gi tr so snh (matching value object), gi tr v
sai lch. Tab ny cng cho php b qua cc Adjust ring.
Parameters Tab
Parameters Tab cho php bin i sai lch, kch thc bc tnh
(step size), cc gi tr ln nht v nh nht cho mi Adjust cng
nh hin th s d, s ln lp SAM thc hin v trng thi lp.
Tab ny cn cho php bn xc nh mt vi thng s tnh ton.
7

www.thuvien247.net
Parameter

M t

Type of Jacobian
Calculation

Cho php bn la chon 1 trong 3 kiu tnh

ton Jacobian
ResetJac Jacobian c tnh ton y
v cc gi tr thit lp li n gi tr ban
u sau mi bc tnh ton Jacobian. Tn
nhiu thi gian nht nhng chnh xc nht.
Continuous cc gi tr khng c tnh
ton li gia cc bc tnh ton Jacobian.
Nhanh nht, nhng cho php sai lch
trong nh thc Jacobian do khng
chnh xc.
Hybrid - kt hp c 2 phng php.

Type of
Convergence

Cho php bn la chn 1 trong 3 kiu hi t.

Specified SAM s c hi t khi tt c
cc adjust trong khong sai s cho php.
Norm SAM s c hi t khi quy nh
cc s d (tng bnh phng) nh hn gi
tr c ngi dng xc nh.
Either SAM s hi t vi bt k dng
no k trn xut hin trc.

Max Step Fraction

S ny x kch thc bc = gi tr ln nht

m gii php c cho php chuyn qua
trong mt bc gii.

Perturbation Factor S ny x khong (max min) hoc s ny x

100 x kch thc bc (nu khng c gi tr
ca khong). l gi tr ln nht m gii
php c cho php chuyn qua trong mt
bc Jacobian.
Max # of Iterations S ln lp ln nht cho SAM
History Tab
History Tab hin th gi tr mc tiu, gi tr hiu chnh, v gi tr
s d cho mi ln lp ca cc Adjust c chn. Mt hoc nhiu
Adjust c th c hin th bng cch nhn ln check-box bn cnh
tn Adjust. Cc Adjust lun c xem theo th t ngang t tri qua
phi trang. V d nh nu bn xem adjust 2 v thm adjust 1 xem
8

www.thuvien247.net
th adjust 1 s tr thnh u tin ca cc s v adjust 2 s di chuyn
sang bn phi.
Tolerance
Adjust hi t, li (error) trong bin c lp phi nh hn sai s.
Error = |Gi tr bin ph thuc Gi tr mc tiu|

(10.1)

i khi c mt tng hay: s dng mt sai s tng i ln khi

th ban u gii vng Adjutst. Khi bn xc nh c rng tt c
lm vic thc s, Bn c th t li sai s n gi tr cn thit. Ch
rng sai s v cc gi tr li l gi tr tuyt i (vi cng n v
nh bin ph thuc) khng phi l tng i hoc phn trm.
Kch thc bc tnh (Step Size)
Kch thc bc tnh bn a vo c thut ton tm kim s
dng thit lp kch thc bc iu chnh ln nht p dng cho
bin c lp. Gi tr ny s c s dng cho n khi gii php
hon thnh, ti mt thut ton hi t khc c p dng. Gi tr
c cung cp s ln cho php phm vi gii php nhanh
chng t c, nhng khng qu ln lm kt qu v l trong mt
khong khng th c. Kch thc bc c gi tr dng lc u s
lm tng bin c lp, ngc li kch thc bc m lc u s lm
gim bin c lp. Nu cc bc hiu chnh xa khi gii php, th
hng ca cc bc s t ng c o chiu.
Trc khi thit lp Adjust, thng hot ng tt khi to bin
c lp, v s dng mt hiu chnh bng tay. Khi gii lu trnh
ch gi tr cho bin ph thuc, sau t hiu chnh bin c lp
v gii li lu trnh. iu ny m bo rng bn c mt bin khc
thc s hiu qu, v cng cho bn mt cm nhn v kch thc
bc bn cn phi t ra.

Bin c lp cn
phi c khi
to (c gi tr ban
u) cho
Adjust lm vic

Maximum/Minimum
Hai ch tiu ty chn ny l gii gin ln hn v nh hn cho php
cho bin c lp. Nu mt trong gii hn gp nhau, th Adjust s
dng tm kim ti im .
9

www.thuvien247.net
Maximum Iterations
Mc nh s ln lp ln nht l 10. Nu hiu chnh hon thnh
nhng ln lp ny trc khi hi t, cc tnh ton s dng li, v bn
s c hi nu bn mun tip tc vi nhiu ln lp hn. Bn phi
a thm gi tr cho s ln lp nhiu nht.

10.1.3 Monitor Tab

Tables Page
Vi mi ln lp ca Adjust, tr s (Number), gi tr hiu chnh
(Adjust Value), gi tr mc tiu (Target Value) c hin th. Nu
cn thit, s dng thanh cun xem cc gi tr khc khng nhn
thy.

Plots Page
Trong trang cc th (Plots page) hin th cc bin mc tiu v
bin hiu chnh nh trong Tables page, cc thng tin c hin th
dng th.
10

www.thuvien247.net

10.1.4 Thit lp Adjust

C 2 cch Thit lp Adjust:
1. Nu bn cung cp cc gi tr cho tt c cc trng ca
Parameters tab, th Adjust s t ng bt u tnh ton.
2. Nu bn b qua mt hoc c hai gi tr trong trng
Minimum/Maximum (ca Parameters tab) cho bin c
lp (m l tham s khng bt buc) v Adjust bt u
tnh ton, ch cn nhn vo nt Start.
Nt Start sau s chuyn thnh mt hp mu , ch th chu trnh
tnh ton ang thc hin. Ban u hp thng bo rng cc tnh ton
Not Solved; Khi li nh hn sai s, trng thi hp s hin thi
thng bo OK mu xanh. Nu Adjust hon thnh s vng lp ln
nht m cha hi t, th mt tin nhn mu Reached iteration
Limit without converging c hin th.
Nu bn bm phm Start khi tt c cc thng tin cn thit ca
Parameters cha c xc nh, th mt hp trng thi mu vng
s hin th thng bo Incomplete v cc tnh ton s khng bt
u thc hin.
Khi qu trnh tnh ton ang tin hnh, bn c th xem tin trnh
ca qu trnh hi t bng cch chuyn sang Iterations tab.

11

www.thuvien247.net
Nt Start ch xut hin trong bc khi to ca cng c Adjust.
N bin mt lc xem thuc tnh ngay khi c nhn vo. Bt c
thay i g ca Adjust hoc mt phn khc ca lu trnh s t
ng khi ng qu trnh tnh ton Adjust.
dng hoc khng hin th Adjust, kch hot hp thoi Ignored

10.1.5 Individual ADJUST

Thut ton hiu chnh ring l, hoc Secant hoc Broyden, s dng
phng php bc chn lp trial-and-error v hin th gi tr cho
bin ph thuc v c lp trong mi ln th. Kch thc bc cung
cp cho Parameters tab c s dng lm tng hoc gim bin
c lp t bc ban u. Thut ton s tip tc s dng cc bc
vi kch thc ny cho n khi hon thnh. Ti im ny, thut
ton s dng hoc tm kim Secant (v cc kch thc bc ring
ca n) hoc tm kim Broyden, ty thuc vo la chn ca bn,
hi t nhanh n gi tr mong mun. Nu mt nghim khng t
c trong s ln lp ln nht, th tc s dng v hi c cn phi
th li cc dy th khc hay khng. N s nhc li cho n khi hoc
nghim t c hoc bn t b tm kim. Thut ton tm kim
Secant thng thng cho kt qu hi t tt khi hon thnh.

V d (Example)
Mt ng dng n gin ca ADJUST s dng thut ton Secant.
Dng nguyn liu Feed vo thp tch (V-100), hai dng sn phm
ra l SepLiq v SepVap. ADJUST s c s dng bin i
nhit ca dng nguyn liu Feed cho n khi lu lng ca
SepLiq l 100 lbmoles/hr.
Bt u, m Case mi vi Peng Robinson v cc cu t: Methane,
Ethane, Propane, i-Butane, n-Butane, i-Pentane, n-Pentane, nHexane, n-Heptane v n-Octane.
Thit lp dng nguyn liu Feed, vi cc tham s nh trong bng
di y.
12

www.thuvien247.net

To lp thit b tch V-100, giao din Connections page ca

Design tab nh hnh di y. B qua cc tab cn li v s khng
cn n trong v d ny.

By gi khi to ADJUST bng cch chn Add Operation t

Flowsheet menu, tip theo chn ADJUST. Nhp cc thng tin cho
Connections page v Parameters page ca Design tab nh bng
di:

13

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca bin c lp khng c

ci t. Khi bn baams phm Start, HYSYS ngay lp tc bt u
qu trnh hi t. Monitor tab s hin th cc gi tr ca bin c lp
v bin ph thuc. Trong v d ny qu trnh lp c th hin nh
hnh di y.

ADJUST hi t n lu lng dng yu cu trong 7 ln lp. iu

kin dng mi s c hin thi trong bng sau:

14

www.thuvien247.net

Ch rng nhit ca nguyn liu Feed hin th gi tr hi t

l -16.68oF c in m (tc l nh gi tr xc nh). D gi tr
lc u xc nh l 60oF. ADJUST tnh ton nghim hi t cho
bin c lp tr thnh gi tr xc nh. Nu bn xa ADJUST th
cc gi tr mi vn cn li trong Flowsheet.

10.1.6 Multiple ADJUST

Thut ng Multiple ADJUST s dng khi tt c cc ADJUST c
gii ng thi. Trong trng hp ny, khi kt qu ca mt ADJUST
nh hng trc tip n cc ADJUST khc, bn s phi s dng la
chn ng thi s ln lp l ti thiu.
Nhng v d cho thy c tnh ny rt c gi tr nh tnh ton lu
lng dng ca h thng ng ng phn phi vng, hoc gii
quyt h thng t hp ca UA- trao i nhit cng bc. Trong cc
v d ny, Bn phi chn cc thng s dng m Hysys iu khin
gp ch s k thut yu cu. i vi vn ng ng vng, bi
ton c gii quyt bng cch hiu chnh lu lng cc dng
nhnh cho n khi t c p sut chnh xc trong cc ng ng
h lu. Trong mt vi trng hp khc, s tng la chn cc bin
Adjust gii quyt cc vn trong Flowsheet ca bn.
Adjust s dng mt thut ton tm kim Broyden ng thi bin
i tt c cc thng s hiu chnh c xc nh trong Adjust cho
n khi cc ch s k thut yu cu t c. Vai tr ca kch thc
bc vi phng php ny l hon ton khc. Vi thut ton hiu
chnh n, kch thc bc l mt gi tr c bin i dng
hiu chnh lin tc bin c lp cho n hon thnh qu trnh tnh
15

www.thuvien247.net
ton. Vi thut ton ng thi, kch thc bc cho mi bin p
ng nh mt gii hn cao hn vic hiu chnh ca bin y.
Gii quyt nhiu trao i nhit UA, im bt u s khng phi l
mt m bao gm nhit l giao mt trong cc trao i nhit. Nu
iu ny xut hin, mt thng tin cnh bo s hin th cho bn rng
tn ti mt nhit giao nhau (xem phn 3.3 - Heat Exchanger), v
mt gi tr UA rt ln c tnh cho trao i nhit. Gi tr ny
khng nhy vi bt k thay i ban u no trong gi tr ca bin
hiu chnh, v do vy ma trn khng c gii.
To lp tt c Adjust s dng la chn ng thi Simutaneous
trong Parameters tab, sau bm phm Start bt u tnh ton

16

www.thuvien247.net
10.2 Balance
Cng c BALANCE cung cp mt phng tin nhiu cng dng
cho tnh ton cn bng nhit lng v cn bng vt liu. Thng tin
cn cung cp cho BALANCE ch l tn ca dng vo v dng
ra .Vi cn bng chung (General BALANCE), t l cc cu t cng
phi c xc nh.
Khi Hysys cho php cc dng vo hoc ra nhiu hn mt thit b,
Balance c th s dng ng thi vi nhiu thit b khc nhau cho
ton b cc cn bng vt liu v nng lng. Cng c Balance s
gii quyt c bi ton thun v nghch. Chng hn nh, n s thay
i lu lng ca mt dng nguyn liu cha bit, vi iu kin l
bc t do bng khng.
C 5 dng cn bng:
Balance Types

Definition

Mole

Ton b cn bng c thc hin ch c dng

mole ca mi cu t c bo ton. N c th s
dng tnh ng cn bng vt liu trong
Flowsheet hoc chuyn i lu lng v thnh
phn ca mt dng thnh mt dng th hai.

Mass

Ton b cn bng c thc hin ch c dng khi

lng c bo ton. Mt ng dng thng thng
cho cc thit b phn ng khng bit h s t
lng, nhng s liu phn tch tt c cc dng
nguyn liu v cc dng sn phm bit.

Heat

Ton b cn bng c thc hin ch c dng

nhit c hi t. ng dng c th cung cp
chnh lch nng lng thun ty trong v bc cn
bng nhit.

Mole and Heat

Ton b cn bng c thc hin vi dng mole

v nhit c hi t. Mt ng dng thng dng
nht ca cng c ny l thc hin tnh ton cn
bng vt liu (c bn l mole) v nhit ca qu
trnh c chn hoc l kim tra cc cn bng
hoc Hysys tnh ton mt bin cha bit, nh
lu lng. a phn cc cng c trong Hysys u
thc hin ng lng ca cn bng mole v nhit
bn cnh nhiu tnh ton ring ca chng.

General

Hysys s gii mt tp hp n n trong n phng

trnh c thit lp t cc dng c lin kt vi
17

www.thuvien247.net
cng c.T l cu t c th c xc nh trn c
s mole, khi lng hoc th tch lng.
thit lp cng c Balace, chn Add Operation t Flowsheet
menu v chn Balance. Ngoi ra, bn c th chn Balance trn
Object Palette.

10.2.1 Connections Tab

Connections Tab ging nhau vi tt c cc dng Balance.

Trong Connections tab, bn phi cung cp cc thng tin nh sau:

Required Input Description
Name

a vo tn cng c cn bng.

Inlet Streams

Kt ni cc dng vo n Balance.

Outlet Streams

a dng ra khi cng c Balance. Bn c th c

v hn cc i lng ca dng vo v dng ra. S
dng thanh cun thy cc dng cha hin th.

10.2.2 Parameters Tab

Parameter tab cha 2 nhm: Balance Type v Ratio List. Trong
Balance Type cha mt lot cc nt la chn cho php bn chn
kiu cn bng m bn mun s dng: Mole, Mass, Heat, Mole and
Heat, v General. Ch rng nhm Ratio List ch p dng vi
General Balance (s c tho lun trong phn General Balance).

18

www.thuvien247.net

10.2.3 Mole and Heat Balance

ng dng thng gp nht ca cn bng ny l thc hin tnh ton
cn bng vt liu (c s molar) v nhit ca ton b cc dng ca
qu trnh c chn hoc kim tra cc cn bng hoc Hysys tnh
ton cc bin cha bit, nh lu lng dng chng hn.
Mole and Heat Balance s tnh c lp cn bng nng lng
v cn bng vt liu.
Mole and Heat Balance s tnh ton MT bin cha bit da
trn cn bng nng lng ton b v MT bin cha bit da
trn cn bng vt liu ton b.
Cng c khng ph thuc trc tip vi cc tnh ton ca n.
Cc thng tin c th c xc nh hoc dng nguyn liu
hoc dng sn phm.
Balance chnh l mt phn ca Flowsheet v cn phi khai bo
cc thng tin cn thit. Mi khi c bt k thay i no, cc
dng lin kt vi Balance s lun c cn bng vt liu v
cn bng nng lng. Nh vy s gim bi mt bin cn phi
nhp gi tr ban u.
Khi Mole and Heat Balance tnh ton trn c s molar, s
khng c s dng vi mt thit b phn ng trong c s
thay i thnh phn ha hc.

19

www.thuvien247.net
V d
V d ny minh ha cch s dng Mole and Heat Balance tnh ton
ngc li xc nh lu lng dng v nhit trung gian ca hai
thit b lm lnh ni tip nhau. Cng sut ca cc thit b lm lnh
bit.

Tn cc dng v tham s cng ngh ca cc dng v cc thit b

lm lnh nh trong bn bng sau (s dng Peng- Robinson):

20

www.thuvien247.net

Trong trang ny, thng tin cho cn bng vt liu v cn bng nng
lng cn thiu. Cn bng nng lng ch thc hin c nu bit
lu lng dng qua Cooler. Tuy nhin khi tnh ngc tr li, cn
bng vt liu v cn bng nng lng s thc hin c vi cc
thng tin Streem E1 Inlet, E2 Outlet, E1 Duty v E2 Duty.
To lp cng c BALANCE, in cc thng tin cn thit vo
Connections v Parameters tab nh trong cc giao din sau:

21

www.thuvien247.net

HYSYS s thc hin tnh ton ngay. Kt qu nh trong bng sau:

Nu trong v d ny khng c Mole and Heat Balance, th cn phi

nhp gi tr lu lng dng th mi tnh ton c. Khi c Mole
and Heat Balance, bc t do c s dng v Hysys s tnh ton
lu lng dng.

10.2.4 Mole Balance

Thc hin tnh ton cn bng mol chung ca cc dng chn,
khng tnh cn bng nng lng. ng dng tnh ton cn bng
pha trn ng bao pha hoc chuyn lu lng dng v thnh phn
cu t ca dng ny sang dng khc.
Khng cn khai bo thnh phn cu t cho tt c cc dng
Hng ca dng khng quan trng, Hysys s tnh ton lu
lng dng mol nguyn liu t dng sn phm bit hoc
ngc li.

Khng tnh ton p sut v nhit gia cc dng.

22

www.thuvien247.net
V d
Tnh ton dng c cng thnh phn phn mol vi mt dng bit
nhng c nhit v p sut khc (v d iu kin im sng).
Trong trng hp ny c th s dng Mol Balance, v p sut v
nhit khng lin quan gia cc dng. Trong v d ny, thnh
phn phn mol cc cu t v lu lng dng Sales Gas c
chuyn sang dng HC DewPt.
iu kin ban u ca dng Sales Gas a ra trong bng sau (s
dng Peng-Robinson)

Tip theo, thit lp dng vt liu t tn l HC DewPt nhng khng

cn khai bo thng tin cho dng ny.
By gi thit lp Balance, nh ch dn trong hnh di y :

23

www.thuvien247.net
Khi ny trn thanh trng thi pha di giao din hin th thng bo
Not Solved. Dng HC DewPt c cc thng tin v lu lng mol v
thnh phn cc cu t, l tt c cc thng tin m chng ta yu
cu Balance tnh ton. Dng vt liu ny khng c cc thng tin
tnh ton cn bng lng hi bn trong ng bao pha nh p sut,
nhit , hoc phn mol pha hi.
Khai bo phn mol pha hi v p sut ca dng, s tnh c nhit
im sng ca dng HC DewPt ti p sut , nh hin th
trong giao din bn tri hnh di.

10.2.5 Mass Balance

Mass Balance tnh ton cn bng chung trong ch quan tm n
lu lng khi lng ca dng. Cng c tnh ton ny s dng m
phng thit b phn ng trong nhng trng hp khng bit h s t
lng m ch c s liu phn tch tt c cc dng nguyn liu v sn
phm phn ng. Nu khai bo thnh phn cu t ca tt c cc dng,
v lu lng ca cc dng trong c mt dng cha bit lu
lng, cng c Mass Balance s xc nh lu lng ca dng cha
bit. Cng c tnh ton ny thng c p dng cho cc thit b
phn ng ankyl ha, hydrotreating v cc thit b phn ng khng
t lng khc.
Phi khai bo Thnh phn cu t cho tt c cc dng
Tr 1 dng, cn tt c cc dng cn li phi bit lu lng,
HYSYS s tnh ton lu lng dng cha bit

24

www.thuvien247.net
Cc thuc tnh nng lng, mole v ha hc khng c bo
ton. Mass Balance tnh ton cn bng khi lng ca cc
cu t khai bo ban u cho dng vo v dng ra.
Khng tnh ton nhit v p sut gia cc dng.
V d
V d n gin v Mass Balance: chuyn ha tt c cc cu t
trong dng kh nguyn liu RX Inlet thnh Propan trong dng kh
sn phm ra RX Outlet. S dng phng trnh Peng-Robinson.
Thnh phn cu t trong dng kh nguyn liu nh trong bng di
y. Dng ra RX Outlet 100% Propan. Cc tham s dng RX Inlet
v RX Outlet nh sau.

25

www.thuvien247.net
Khi to MASS BALANCE. Trn Connections tab ca giao din
thuc tnh ca BALANCE khai bo trong cc tng ng Inlet
Stream l RX Inlet, Outlet Stream l RX Outlet. Trn Parameters
tab chn Mass trong nhm Balance Type. Kt qu tnh ton hin
th nh trong bng.
Lu lng khi lng ca RX Inlet c chuyn sang cho RX
Outlet. Lu lng mol v lu lng th tch lng c tnh ton
trn c s thnh phn cu t khai bo cho dng ra RX Outlet.

10.2.6 Heat Balance

Thc hin cn bng nhit tng cho cc dng c chn, c th
chuyn entanpi ca dng ny sang dng khc.
Phi khai bo thnh phn cu t v lu lng cho tt c cc
dng vt liu. Cc dng nhit s khng c a vo dng khi
cha khai bo thnh phn v lu lng, ngay c khi ch c mt
dng nhit cha bit.
Hng ca dng cng khng quan trng. HYSYS s tnh ton
dng nhit ca nguyn liu trn c s cc dng sn phm
bit v ngc li
Khng tnh ton nhit v p sut gia cc dng.
Khng th a cn bng nhit vo dng vt liu
V d
Tnh ton thit b trao i nhit Multi-Pass Heat Exchanger c hai
dng nng v hai dng lnh. Cn phi khai bo dng nhit ton
phn ca nguyn liu vo h thng. S dng Peng-Robinson PF.
Cc iu kin ca dng a ra trong bng. Khng nhp bt c gi
tr no vo dng c mu xm v nhng gi tr s c tnh ton
bi HYSYS.
26

www.thuvien247.net
Thit lp dng nng lng, t tn l QTOTAL. Khng cn cung
cp thng tin g cho dng ny.
S dng Heat Balance nh trong hnh di y, trong QTOTAL
l dng dng nng lng cn tnh ton.
Kt qu tnh ton dng nng lng tng QTOTAL l -3.034e+07 kJ/h.

27

www.thuvien247.net
10.2.7 General Balance
General Balance c kh nng gii cc bi ton vi phm vi ln hn,
gii n phng trnh vi n n s, khng nhng tm ra lu lng v
thnh phn cha bit ca dng m cn thit lp t l gia cc cu t
trong cc dng, t l ny s c duy tr.
General Balance s gii cn bng vt liu v cn bng nng
lng mt cch c lp. Dng nng lng l dng vo hoc
dng ra.
General Balance tnh ton lu lng hoc thnh phn cha
bit ca cc dng, v c th xc nh t l thnh phn gia cc
cu t trong mt dng.
T l c th xc nh t l mol, t l khi lng hay th tch.
T l (Ratios)
T l ch s dng trong General Balance, c xc nh gia hai
cu t ca mt trong s cc dng. Nhiu t l cu t trong dng (v
d 1 : 2 : 1 : 1.5) c th c thit lp theo t l mol, khi lng
hoc th tch lng. Mi t l ring bit (1 : 2, 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5) s dng
mt bc t do.

t t l (Setting a Ratio)

Vo tab Parameter chn General Balance,s hin hp cha nhm

Ratio list, bm phm Add Ratio xc nh t l thnh phn, xem
t l chn View Ratio, mun xa th bm phm Delete.

28

www.thuvien247.net
Xem t l (View Ratio)

Cn nhp y cc thng tin vo cc trng sau :

Cc trng

M t

Name

t tn cho ratio

Stream

Tn dng

Ratio type

Xc nh loi t l: mol, khi lng hay

th tch

Component ratio

T l cc cu t , cc thnh phn trong

dng s c tnh ton thch hp, gi tr
ny phi l s dng

S n s (Number of Unknowns)
Xc nh s phng trnh ti a
Mt phng trnh cn bng dng molar tng
nc (number of components) phng trnh cn bng dng molar
ring
ns (number of streams) phng trnh dng
Tng s cc phng trnh (1 + nc + ns) c cha (1 + nc + ns) n
s s c tnh ton. Khi thit lp t s mol cc cu t s gim
c s n s. i vi mi t l, s n s c s dng t hn s
lng cc thnh phn trong t l. V d, i vi ba thnh phn t l,
th c hai n s c s dng.
29

www.thuvien247.net
V d 1
Nguyn liu vo thit b chuyn ha yu cu c t l mol ca hai
cu t l c nh (Metan v Nc). FEED 1 v FEED 2 l cc dng
nguyn liu c thnh phn nh trong bng, hai dng ny s to
thnh dng REACFEED. S dng Peng-Robinson EOS.

To lp BALANCE, vo Connections tab v khai bo nh trong

hnh di

Chuyn sang Parameter tab, chn General Balance trong nhm

Balance Type. Vo giao din Ratio chn Add Ratio v nhp cc
thng tin nh trong hnh sau.

30

www.thuvien247.net

Kt qu tnh ton nh trong bng sau

V d 2
Trong thp tch ng ph hn hp Benzen v Cyclohexan, s dng
Aceton lm cht tch ng ph. Benzen nhn c ti y thp. Sn
phm nh thp l hn hp ng ph ca Aceton v Cyclohexan.
Xc nh lu lng khi lng Aceton khi lu lng khi lng
hn hp nguyn liu u khng i, l 85 kg/h. Trong bi ton ny
c th s dng General Balance.

31

www.thuvien247.net
Sn phm nh thp l hn hp ng ph ca Aceton v Cyclohexan,
trong phn khi lng ca Aceton l 0.6876. Lu lng v
thnh phn cc dng nh trong bng. S dng UNIQUAC.

General Balance s tnh ton cn bng vt liu ca tng cu t,

trong khi Mole Balance v Mass Balance tnh ton cn bng cc
dng tng v khng gii quyt bi ton ny.
To lp General Balance vi cc dng vo l Azeofeed v
Acetone, cc dng ra l Azeo Liquid v Benzene. Bi ton ny
khng c gii quyt hon ton, tuy nhin lu lng khi lng
ca cc dng Acetone Azeo Liquid v Benzene c tnh ton.

Lu lng khi lng dng Acetone tnh c l 90.18 kg/h.

Lu l trong trng hp ny ch s dng General Balance
tnh ton m khng s dng thp.

32

www.thuvien247.net
10.3 Parametric Unit Operation
PARAMETRIC cho php chn cc thit b, cc dng v cc bin
tnh ton bng m hnh Parametric Model. Chc nng chnh ca m
hnh ny l lm gn ng m hnh c trong Hysys. xy dng
Parametric Model yu cu phi c cng c tin ch Parametric, tin
ch ny hp nht cng ngh Neural Network vo trong khun kh
ca n, cc thng tin thm v tin ch ny tham kho chng 8Utilities of Users Guide. Mt tp d liu vi cc d liu thch hp
c th c t trong cc tin ch Parametric.
S dng Parametric Model vi kh nng ca Neural Network gn
ng vi m hnh HYSYS s ci thin ng k cng dng ca m
hnh, gim thi gian tnh ton ca n, v lm tt hn kh nng tng
th. Tnh chnh xc ca m hnh ph thuc vo s liu c v kiu
m hnh c s dng.
Trong flowsheet, cc Parametric unit operation "ko ra" mt tp
hp cc unit operation ca HYSYS v thay th chng. Do , unit
operation ny c th c dng nh mt hp en vi cc u vo
v cc u ra. Khi tnh ton flowsheet, m hnh Parametric c t
ti v tr ca m hnh unit operation ring l ca HYSYS.
ci t PARAMETRIC unit operation, chn Flowsheet - Add
Operation t menu, v chn Parametric Unit Operation. b
qua, chn vo hp Ignore phi di giao din thuc tnh ca n

10.3.1 Design Tab

Connections Page
Connections Page cho php cc thit b m phng trong
PARAMETRIC c kt ni vi thng tin m m hnh Parametric
yu cu. Thng tin ny c tm thy trong Parametric Utility hoc
trong mt tp d liu.
Tab ny bao gm 2 nhm: Name v Input Data.
Name: khai bo tn duy nht cho thit b m phng
Input Data: Khai bo d liu vo m hnh Parametric. Ty vo
vic chn cc phm trong giao din s hin th cc khung thuc tnh
33

www.thuvien247.net
cn li. C hai la chn: Use Utility Data v Inputs from a Data
File (nh trong hnh sau)

S dng phm chn Use Utility Data

Khi chn phm ny th giao din thuc tnh hin th nh hnh trn
bn tri, gm c nhm Parametric Utility Selection v c th c
hai la chn.
Parametric Utility Selection
Bn c th chn Parametric Utility trong danh sch bng cch bm
phm Browse, s hin th giao din nh trong hnh di. nh du
Parametric Utility s s dng, ri bm OK

Create Utility Buton

34

www.thuvien247.net
Nu Parametric Utility cha c trong bng chn hoc ngi s
dng mun to Utility mi, bn c th to Utility mi bng cch
bm vo phm ny.
View Utility Buton
Hin th Utility uc chn

S dng phm chn Inputs from a Data File

Khi chn phm ny Parametric unit operation khng c cc tham s
ca m hnh t mt utility, thay vo c th nhp d liu t bn
ngoi.
Data File Selection group
Thng tin trong file
*.dat c dng sau:
Bm vo phm Browse cho php bn xc nh v tr file cha cc
input1, input2,input3,
thng tin cn thit cho m hnh Parametric Model. Thng tin ny
output1,output2,
input1, input2,input3, c phn cch bng du phy v lu tr trong file *.dat
output1,output2,

Inputs Units from Data group

C th xc nh t cc file d liu trong hp ko th xung.
Modeled Stream for Input and Output
Cc dng vo dng ra c m hnh ha c th c chn t
danh sch cc dng c trong hp ko th xung. mt dng mi c
th c to ra v c dng trong Parametric unit operation bng
cch nhp tn vo thch hp.

Setup Page
Tng t nh Connections page, ph thuc vo nt c chn
trong nhm Input Data trong trang Connections. Khi chn Use
Utility Data th giao din nh hnh di bn tri, cn chn Inputs
from a Data file c giao din nh hnh bn phi.

35

www.thuvien247.net

Use Utility Data Radio Buton

Available Unit Op models from Utility
Khi chn Use Utility Data trong trang Connections, th ch c mt
nhm trong trang Setup. Trong bng ny hin th tt c cc unit
operations c Parametric Model trong Parametric Utility chn.
Tn ca unit operation, tnh trng hot ng ca unit operation v
ca m hnh c hin th. Model Activity c th c kch hot
hoc khng bng cch bm vo chn. Khi m hnh khng c
kch hot, ch c n c loi ra khi Parametric Utility.
Inputs from a data file Radio Buton
Khi chn phm Inputs from a data file trong trang Connections,
s xut hin hai nhm Data Mapping v Training Pair Status
trong trang Setup.

Training Pair c
nh ngha l mt b s
liu vo v mt cp s
liu ra:
input1, input2,input3,
output1,output2.
input1, input2,input3,

Training Pair Status Group

Hin th cc training pairs ring l, v ch ra cp cha d liu
xu hay khng, nu hin th X tc l khng c d liu xu. Khi
hin th nh du l c d liu xu trong b d liu.
Data Mapping Group
36

www.thuvien247.net
Hai phm c trong nhm ny l Inputs v Outputs, cc thuc tnh
s hin th c m t nh trong bng sau

Thuc tnh

M t

Number of Training
Pairs

S cc b d liu c c t cc tp d
liu

Data point

Cc im d liu ring bit trong tp d

liu

Mapped Variable

Loi bin ca im d liu, c th c

chn t hp ko th xung

Variable type

Khng thc hin cc chc nng i vi ct

thuc tnh ny

Identifier

Cho php ngi dng nhp tn duy nht

nhn dng im d liu

Low and High Value

Gi tr ln nht v b nht trong b d liu

Bad Variable Status

D liu tt nu k t X c hin th,

nu hin th check mark tc l c d liu
xu trong b d liu

Current value

Gi tr c s dng trong worksheet

Notes Page
S dng trang ny thm vo bt c ch no thch hp vi unit
operation hoc m phng ni chung.

37

www.thuvien247.net
10.3.2 Parameters Tab
Tab ny hin th cc training variables. C bn i tng chnh
trong giao din ny:

Connected Unit Operations

S lng cc unit operations kt ni vi Parametric unit operation
s c hin th trong ny.
Manipulated Variables (cc bin iu khin)
Cc bin iu khin trong Parametric Model s c hin th khi
chn phm Manipulated. Cc bin iu khin l cc bin s c
bin i trong Parametric Utility v s c quan st t m hnh m
phng HYSYS PFD. Tn bin c hin th,ng thi ca cc bin
chn cng c ch ra. C th chn hoc loi b bin dng trong
m hnh bng cch bm vo chn ph hp. Cc gi tr s dng
cao hn hoc thp hn cng c hin th.
Targeted Variables (cc bin mc tiu)
Chn phm Targeted, cc bin mc tiu s c hin th, cc bin
ny cng ging nh cc bin quan st (Observable variable) trong
Parametric Utility. Bin mc tiu l cc bin trong HYSYS c gi
tr bit v c s dng nh training data khi tnh ton
Parametric Utility. Tn bin c hin th v trng thi chn
cng c ch ra. C th chn hoc loi b bng cch nhp chut
38

www.thuvien247.net
vo chn ph hp. Cc gi tr s dng cao hn hoc thp hn
cng c hin th.
Train Button
Bm vo phm Train s a gi tr ban u vo Parametric Utility
xc nh cc tham s cho Parametric Model.
Parametric Model cng gn ging vi m hnh HYSYS, cc gi tr
ca bin u vo v u ra ca m hnh tham s phi gn vi cc
gi tr t m hnh HYSYS.
iu quan trng cn ch khi thc hin Train cho mng tr tu l
cc s liu phi c trong c s d liu Training Data.

10.3.3 Worksheet Tab

Bng ny hin th cc Conditions, Properties, Compositions ca
cc thit b, ca cc dng, v cc bin dng trong Parametric Model.
T y bn c th s dng neural network thay cho flowsheet, v
training pairs s dng t cc file, xem xt neural network m phng
cc thao tc hc c t cc training pairs. Hin th ca cc i
lng ny khc vi cc page trong cc tab tng ng. bit thm
chi tit, xem trong ti liu hng dn Chapter 4 Workbook
trong Users Guide.

39

www.thuvien247.net
10.4 Recycle
Kh nng Flowsheet m phng tnh ton cc vng tun hon mt
cch tin cy v hiu qu l rt quan trng. Trong vn ny
HYSYS u th hn cc m phng khc. N c kh nng tnh ton
ngc thng qua nhiu hot ng khng tun t, cho php gii
quyt nhiu vn trong vng tun hon. V d, hu ht bi ton
tun hon nhit c th c tnh ton khng cn s dng cng c
RECYCLE. Nhng vi bi ton tun hon vt liu, trong dng
vt liu i ra c tun hon tr v trn ln vi dng nguyn liu
ban u, cn phi s dng cng c RECYCLE tnh ton.
RECYCLE l mt khi l thuyt trong qu trnh tnh ton. Dng
nguyn liu vo RECYCLE c gi l dng tun hon tnh ton,
v dng sn phm l dng tun hon gi nh. Cc bc sau y s
din ra trong qu trnh hi t:
1. HYSYS s dng cc iu kin ca dng gi nh v tnh ton
ton b lu trnh (Flowsheet) cho dng tnh ton.
2. HYSYS sau so snh cc gi tr ca cc dng tnh ton vi cc
gi tr trong dng gi nh.
3. Da trn s sai khc gia cc gi tr, HYSYS s thay i cc gi
tr trong dng tnh ton v a cc gi tr c thay i cho dng
gi nh.
4. Qu trnh tnh ton s lp li cho n khi cc gi tr dng tnh
ton ph hp vi gi tr dng gi nh trong phm vi sai s cho
php c thit lp ban u.

Biu tng
Rycycle

ci t RECYCLE vo trong Flowsheet, chn Add Operation

t Flowsheet menu, v chn RECYCLE. Ngoi ra, c th chn
phm biu tng Recycle trong bng chn (Object Palette).

10.4.1 Connections Tab

Trong Tab ny c ba khai bo:
Name: tn ca vng tun hon
Feed: tn ca dng nguyn liu vo (dng tnh ton), s lun
lun l sn phm t thit b m phng.
40

www.thuvien247.net
Product: dng sn phm ra khi vng tun hon (dng gi
nh), s lun lun l dng tun hon vo thit b m phng.

10.4.2 Parameters Tab

Gm c 2 trang: Tolerance v Numerical.
Tolerance Page

HYSYS cho php bn thit lp cc yu t tiu chun hi t cho mi

bin c lit k. Cc gi tr sai s bn nhp vo thc s nh mt
h s nhn cho nhng sai s trong HYSYS. Trong cc sai s tuyt
i, ngoi tr lu lng l sai s tng i, c th hin trong
bng di y :
41

www.thuvien247.net

V d, sai s i vi nhit l 0,01 v h s nhn mc nh l 10,

do , sai s tuyt i c s dng bi cc thut ton hi t
RECYCLE l 0,01 * 10 = 0,1. V vy, nu bn ang lm vic trong
h n v SI, nhit gi nh v tnh ton trong dng tun hon
phi sai khc nhau trong khong 0.1oC.
Mt bi s ca 10 (c mc nh) l bnh thng v c p dng
cho hu ht cc php tnh ton. Gi tr nh hn 10 l rt nghim
b qua Recycle
trong qu trnh
tnh ton, chn
Ignore. HYSYS s
hon ton khng
thc hin recycle
cho n khi b du
chn ny.

ngt; ngha l c h s nhn nh hn, cht ch hn trong cc

khong hi t.
Khng yu cu cc h s nhn ging ht nhau. V d, nu bn ang
thc hin vi thnh phn cu t mc ppm, bn c th thit lp h
s nhn cho Thnh phn nh hn rt nhiu so vi nhng ngi khc.
Numerical Page

Trang Numerical cha cc ty chn lin quan n Phng php

Wegstein Acceleration. Phng php ny c RECYCLE s dng
42

www.thuvien247.net
bin i cc gi tr dng vo chuyn n dng ra, thay v s
dng thay th trc tip.
Maximum Iterations: y l s vng lp trc khi HYSYS dng
li (c mc dnh l 10). Bn c th tip tc tinh ton bng cch
chn phm Continue trong trang Numerical.
Wegstein Count: S khong tnh ton trc khi thc hin tng tc
cho giai on sau (mc nh l 3).
Flash Type : phng php Flash c thc hin bi RECYCLE.
Q maximum/Q minimum: cc h s suy gim cho bc tng tc
(mc nh l 0 v 20)
Acceleration Delay: lm chm s tng tc cho n khi t c gi
tr khai bo ban u.
Type: La chn Nested hoc Simutaneous (mc nh l Nested)
Acceleration Options
C 2 la chn phng php tng tc.
Wegstein
B qua s tng tc gia cc bin c tng tc.
Dominant Eigenvalue
Bao gm cc tng tc gia cc bin c tng tc. Hn na, gi
tr ring tri nht l tt hn khi tnh ton vi h khng l tng
hoc h c tng tc mnh gia cc cu t.
Maximum Number of Iterations
Khi HYSYS t n s vng lp ti a, mt thng bo cnh bo
s xut hin ch ra rng vng tun hon b li vi s ln lp khai
bo ban u. Sau bn c th chn tip tc hoc khng tip tc
tnh ton.
Nu bn ang bt u mt Flowsheet mi, s dng mt khong
Maximum Iterations nh, chng hn nh 3. Khi cc tnh ton c
tin hnh tt, s ny c th c tng ln. Cc yu cu lp s khng
43

www.thuvien247.net
ch ph thuc vo s phc tp ca Flowsheet ca bn, m cn ph
thuc vo gi nh ban u ca bn v sai s m bn thit lp.
Damping Factors - Qmax and Qmin
Phng php tng tc Wegstein s dng cc kt qu ca vng lp
trc trong vic d on cho cc bin dng tun hon. Gi tr gi
nh c tnh ton nh sau:
Xn + 1 = QXn + (1 - Q) Yn
trong : X = gi tr gi nh
Y = gi tr Tnh ton
n = s vng lp
Q = H s Gia tc
HYSYS xc nh Q hin thi p dng trn c s thay i gia
cc khong tnh ton hiu qu. Cc gi tr Qmax v Qmin t trong
khong tng tc p dng. Lu rng t biu thc trn khi Q = 0,
gi tr c thay th trc tip. Khi Q nhn gi tr m, s tng tc
c s dng. Khi Q nhn gi tr dng v nh hn 1 th xy ra s
suy gim.
Wegstein Count
Wegstein Count l s vng lp ca RECYCLE trc mt bc
tng tc c p dng khi tnh ti gi tr tun hon gi nh tip
theo. S m mc nh l 3; sau ba vng lp (gi s Acceleration
Delay nh hn 3), cc gi tr gi nh v cc gi tr tun hon tnh
ton s c so snh v h s gia tc Wegstein s c xc nh v
p dng cho gi tr gi nh tip theo. Khi h s gia tc khng c
s dng (trong tt c cc vng lp n Wegstein Count), gi tr gi
nh tip theo c xc nh bng cch thay th trc tip.
Lu rng Acceleration Delay c u tin trong Wegstein
Count. iu ny c ngha l vi mt gi tr Acceleration Delay
ca x, s vng lp x ban u s s dng thay th trc tip, ngay c
khi Wegstein Count c thit lp nh hn x. S vng lp x +1 s
gia tc sau khi Wegstein Count c p dng.
44

www.thuvien247.net

Mc d gia tc thng hot ng tt cho hu ht cc vn , nhng

trong mt s trng hp, n c th dn n hiu chnh qu, dao
ng v c th khng hi t c. V d ca kiu vn ny bao
gm nhy cao ca s tun hon v nhiu vng tun hon ng
thi vi cc tng tc mnh gia cc vng tun hon. Trong nhng
trng hp nh vy, s thay th trc tip c th l phng php tt
nht cho ton khong tnh ton. loi tr vic s dng gia tc,
n gin ch cn t Wegstein Count (hoc Acceleration Delay) gi
tr rt ln (v d l 100) s khng bao gi t ti c. Him khi
ngay c s thay th trc tip cng b hiu chnh qu, th cn c s
gim bt (damping). S dng cc tham s s tho lun sau y
iu khin vic tnh ton ph hp.
Acceleration Delay
Cc thng s Acceleration Delay lm chm tr s gia tc cho n
bc xc nh. S chm tr ny p dng cho cc thit lp ban
u ca mt vng lp v khi t n bc xc nh th Wegstein
Count c p dng. iu c ngha l khng c s gia tc no
c thc hin cho n khi t gi tr Acceleration Delay v sau
vng lp tng tc c thc hin theo Wegstein Count.
V d nu delay c thit lp l 5 v Wegstein Count l 3 th sau
5 ln lp u tin s s dng thay th trc tip v ln th su s s
dng gia tc sau mi ln lp th ba bc gia tc s c p dng.
Type of Recycle
C hai la chn kiu RECYCLE: Nested v Simultaneous. Ty
chn Nested s thc hin RECYCLE bt c khi no gp phi trong
qu trnh tnh ton. Ngc li, Simultaneous s thc hin tt c
RECYCLES ng thi tnh ton tt c cc dng tun hon. Nu
45

www.thuvien247.net
Flowsheet ca bn c hot ng RECYCLE n, hoc nu bn c
nhiu RECYCLES m khng c kt ni, s dng ty chn
Nested (mc nh). Nu Flowsheet ca bn c nhiu vng tun
hon c kt ni, s dng ty chn Simultanous.
C mt s im ng ch v RECYCLE:
Khi RECYCLE khng th c gii quyt trong s vng lp
bn ch nh, HYSYS s ngng. Nu bn mun thc hin tip
vi s ln lp nhiu hn th chn phm Continue trong
Numerical tab. Cc RECYCLE s khi ng li vng lp v
tip tc cho n khi mt gii php c tm thy hoc l chy
ra khi vng lp.
Nu nh bi ton ca bn khng hi t trong phm vi s vng
lp hp l, iu c th l trong Flowsheet ca bn c li
khng th tnh ton c. Trn thc t, nu kch thc ca
dng tun hon tng ln, dng nh l Flowsheet khng cho
php tt c cc dng vt liu vo Flowsheet i ra ngoi. V d
nh nh my kh khi bn c gng ly sn phm lng vi p sut
dng kh thp v sn phm kh khng cha lng ngay c nhit
thp. Thng thng, cc cu t trung gian nh propan v
butan c mt v i vo trong dng tun hon. Cng c kh nng
sai s thit lp qu kht khe i vi mt hoc mt vi bin tun
hon v khng th thc hin c. iu ny c th c gii
quyt bng cch rt kinh nghim, so snh vi nhng bin
hi t v so snh nhng gi tr sai s thit lp hp l.
Cc cng c logic (nh RYCYCLE, ADJUST v CONTROLLER)
l rt khc nhautrong cch thc bin i cc bin dng. Kt qu
l nu bn dch chuyn mt cng c no , dng ra cn phi
thit lp li. Nh vy khng c qun s tn ti ca nhng
cng c tnh ton logic trong Flowsheet. Bn c th xa hoc
b qua RECYCLE khi mun c s thay i trong Flowsheet
nhng khng mun thc hin cc vng lp.
Gi tr sai s thit lp l rt quan trng t kt qu tt trong
tnh ton RECYCLE. c bit khi c nhiu RECYCLE. Nu
khng c s tng tc gia cc recycle, hoc nu chng c
lin kt vi nhau v c gii ng thi, gi tr sai sooscos th
46

www.thuvien247.net
nh hng n tt c cc recycle. Tuy nhin nu recycle l
ring bit, sai s s tng ln mnh khi bn i t vng ngoi
cng n vng tun hon trong cng. Khng ch phng,
recycle bn ngoi c th khng hi t.

10.4.3 Worksheet tab

Worksheet tab hin th Conditions, Properties, v Compositions
ca cc dng nguyn liu v sn phm. Workbook c cha nhiu
thng tin hn.

10.4.4 Monitor tab

Setup page cho php bn khai bo cc bin bn mun xem hoc

biu din trn th hoc bng. xem cc bin chn View tng
ng vi bin cn xem.
Tables v Plot hin th thng tin tnh ton sau khi hi t dng
bng hoc th. Cc gi tr nhp vo hoc a ra v cc bin c
biu din vi cc khong gi tr xc nh.
47

www.thuvien247.net
10.4.5 Calculations (Tnh ton)
HYSYS cung cp cc cng c rt n gin gii bi ton tun
hon, v tng tc gia chng thc hin iu khin v tr v mc
cao trong qu trnh tnh ton. RECYCLE c th thit lp mt
hoc nhiu vng tun hon trong Flowsheet, c th nhiu vng tun
hon n lin kt vi nhau hoc t hp. Tng t nh Adjust,
Recycle s tnh ton ng thi nhiu vng tun hon nu nh cn
thit lm nh vy.
Trnh t thc hin nh sau:
1. a ra gi tr gi nh cho dng tun hon (nhit , p sut, lu
lng dng, thnh phn). Ni chung lu lng dng c th bng
khng, nhng tt nht nn a ra mt gi tr ph hp nhanh
chng t hi t. Ch rng nu dng tun hon l dng nguyn
liu vo thp, gi tr gi nh thc t cn m bo chc chn
rng thp s hi t ngay khi ln u cho tnh ton.
2. Xy dng Flowsheet cho n khi dng tun hon tnh ton c
th c xc nh bi HYSYS (ch rng dng tun hon gi
nh v tnh ton phi c tn khc nhau)
3. Thit lp RECYCLE

10.4.6 Gim thi gian hi t

La chn v tr ct t Recycle l v cng quan trng nh hng
ti thi gian tnh ton ca my tnh t c s hi t ca
Recycle. Mc d v mt vt l thng chn ct dng tun hon,
Flowsheet c th ct ti v tr bt k.
Chn v tr ct ti thiu s Recycle
Gim s v tr ti qu trnh lp li s gim c thi gian tnh
ton tng cng. Chn v tr t Recycle ph thuc vo cu trc lin
kt ca Flowsheet. Lu chn v tr nh l dng gi nh khai
bo s xc nh cng nhiu dng sn phm pha sau cng tt. Ni
chung xut hin dng h ngun ti cc im tp hp li v dng
thng ngun ti im phn chia. Cc v d bao gm dng h
ngun ca cc b trn (thng trn ti nhng im m ti tun
hon vt l trn vi dng chnh), v dng thng ngun ca cc b
chia dng, cc thp tch v cc thp chng ct, hp th.
48

www.thuvien247.net
Chn v tr ct ti thiu s bin tun hon
Cc bin bao gm vapour fraction, temperature, pressure, flow,
enthalpy, v composition. Chn v tr ct sao cho cng nhiu bin
c nh cng tt, nh vy loi tr nh hng ca cc bin v
tng tnh hi t n nh. Cc v tr tt la chn l cc u vo
thp tch, cc u ra my nn sau khi lm lnh, v cc u ra sau
gia nhit.
Chn v tr ct n nh
V tr ct c th chn sao cho nhng bin thin dng tun hon c
nh hng ti thiu. V d, bng cch t v tr ct ti dng chnh,
thay cho dng tun hon vt l, nh hng ca nhng bin thin s
c gim i. Tm quan trng ca nhng yu t ny ph thuc vo
thut ton hi t. iu ny c ngha hn khi s dng thut ton
thay th lin tip. Chn v tr ct n nh cng quan trng khi khi s
dng gii php ng thi cho nhiu recycle

10.4.7 Single Recycle Example

Trong v d ny, dng nguyn liu hai pha (FEED) c trn vi
dng tun hon (RECYCLE) v i vo thp tch V-100. Hi t
thp tch V-100 c gin n trong E-100 v sau li a vo
thp tch V-101. Mt na cht lng t thp tch V-101 i vo bm
P-100 tun hon li v trn vi dng nguyn liu mi ti u vo.

49

www.thuvien247.net
Cc iu kin v thnh phn ca dng FEED c a ra trong cc
bng sau (s dng Peng-Robinson):

Ln lt to lp cc thit b sau:

50

www.thuvien247.net

Dng RECYCLE
Khai bo dng RECYCLE l dng P-100 OUT. Trc ht, khi to
dng RECYCLE; chn phm Define from other Stream bn di
ca giao din tnh cht dng, v sau chn dng P-100 OUT t
hp danh sch Available Streams trn giao din Spec Stream As.
Lin kt dng ny l dng vo thp tch V-100. Ton b lu trnh
chnh hon thnh. By gi s to lp RECYCLE.
Recycle RCY-1

nguyn tt c cc gi tr mc nh ca cc thng s.
Flowsheet s thc hin tnh ton, v RECYCLE s hi t mt cch
nhanh chng.
Cc vng tun hon gi nh v tnh ton s hu nh ging ht nhau,
khi c t gii php.

51

www.thuvien247.net

10.4.8 Multiple Recycle Example

M phng qu trnh nn kh nhiu cp, nh trong hnh di y.

Lu rng trong bi ton ny cc dng tun hon c chn lm

cc dng ct khi thc hin gim thi gian hi t.
Dng nguyn liu Feed i vo 50oF v 80 psia, c nn ti
1000 psia bng my nn ba cp. Sau mi cp nn, pha lng c
ly ra t thp tch trung gian v tun hon tr v cp nn trc .
iu kin nhit v p sut sau cp nn th nht l 120oF v 200
psia, sau cp nn th hai l 120oF v 500 psia, sau cp nn th ba
l 120oF v 1000 psia.
52

www.thuvien247.net
To lp dng Feed vi cc tham s nh trong bng di (s dng
Peng-Robinson).

To lp cc thit b m phng trong s PFD ln lt nh trong

cc bng sau. Cc dng tun hon s c thit lp sau khi to lp
xong cc thit b trong s .
Gi nguyn cc gi tr mc nh, khng thay i.

Dng tun hon ca Recycle 1 s c a vo thit b trn ny sau

khi to lp tt c cc thit b trong s .

53

www.thuvien247.net

Khai bo nhit v p sut ca dng sau thit b lm lnh trung

gian E-100 Out l 120oF v 200 psia.

Dng tun hon ca Recycle 2 s c a vo thit b trn ny sau

khi to lp tt c cc thit b trong s .

54

www.thuvien247.net

Khai bo nhit v p sut ca dng sau thit b lm lnh trung

gian E-101 Out l 120oF v 500 psia.

Dng tun hon ca Recycle 3 s c a vo thit b trn ny sau

khi to lp tt c cc thit b trong s .

55

www.thuvien247.net

Khai bo nhit v p sut ca dng sau thit b lm lnh trung

gian E-102 Out l 120oF v 1000 psia.

Cui cng to lp cc dng tun hon, bng cch chn phm Define
from other Stream t pha di ca giao din Material Property
v khai bo trong giao din Spec Stream As
Cc dng tun hon
Dng Recycle 1 l dng V-101 Liq v ni vo MIX-100
Dng Recycle 2 l dng V-102 Liq v ni vo MIX-101
Dng Recycle 3 l dng V-103 Liq v ni vo MIX-102
Cc tnh cht ca cc dng V-101 Liq, V-102 Liq v V-103 Liq l
cc dng gi nh ban u ca cc dng tun hon. Trc khi a
cc Recycle vo Flowsheet cn phi chuyn sang ch gi (bm
vo biu tng n trn thanh cng c chnh pha trn mn hnh).
RECYCLE Operations
RCY-1 - Feed: Stream V-101 Liq; Product: Stream Recycle 1
RCY-2 - Feed: Stream V-102 Liq; Product: Stream Recycle 2
RCY-3 - Feed: Stream V-103 Liq; Product: Stream Recycle 3

56

www.thuvien247.net
Kt qu tnh ton xem trong Worksheet, giao din nh trong hnh
sau y.

10.4.9 Gim thi gian hi t ca s nhiu vng

tun hon
La chn chnh xc v tr ct cc dng gim thi gian hi t, cn
phi xen xt cu trc lin kt ca Flowsheet v cc iu kin
khai bo trong qu trnh. Trong ba hnh sau y th hin ba cp nn
c ct ri ring bit khi qu trnh chung.

57

www.thuvien247.net

Bng cch tch ring mi cp nn, cc dng V-101 Feed v V-102

Feed l b phn ca nhiu hn mt vng tun hon. Chn cc dng
V-101 Feed v V-102 Feed thay th cho cc dng tun hon vt l
(V-101 Liq, V-102 Liq, V-103 Liq) nh trong hnh v. Lm nh
vy khng nhng gim s dng b ct t ba dng nay ch cn hai
dng, m nhng dng ny cng n inh hn.
S dng v d Multy-Recycle trn, trnh t thc hin nh sau:
1. Chuyn Flowsheet sang ch dng
2. Xa RCY-1, RCY-2, RCY-3
3. Xa cc dng Recycle 1, Recycle 2, Recycle 3
4. Ni dng V-101 Liq l nguyn liu vo MIX-100
58

www.thuvien247.net
5. Ni dng V-102 Liq l nguyn liu vo MIX-101. Ngt dng sn
phm V-101 Feed v ni dng sn phm mi MIX-101 OUT.
6. Ni dng V-103 Liq l nguyn liu vo MIX-102. Ngt dng sn
phm V-102 Feed v ni dng sn phm mi MIX-102 OUT.
7. Add RCY-1, nguyn liu l dng MIX-101 OUT, sn phm l
dng V-101 Feed.
8. Add RCY-2, nguyn liu l dng MIX-102 OUT, sn phm l
dng V-102 Feed.
Trong trng hp ny, yu cu t gi tr gi nh cho c hai dng
(V-101 Feed v V-102 Feed) thc hin tnh ton. Phng php
n gin v thch hp l khai bo cho c hai dng ny l dng Feed,
bng cch chn phm Define from other Sream v vo giao din
Spec Stream As.
Gi nh nh vy l y v Flowsheet hi t sau 8 bc lp.

S PFD mi nh sau.

Kt qu tnh ton c trong Workbook nh trong hnh di y.

59

www.thuvien247.net

60

www.thuvien247.net
10.5 Set
y l cng c tnh ton c s dng thit lp gi tr cho mt
bin qu trnh (Process Variable PV) trong mi lin quan n mt
bin khc. Quan h gia hai bin ging nhau, v d, nhit ca hai
dng, hoc UA ca hai thit b trao i nhit. Cng c ny c s
dng trong c m phng ng v m phng tnh.
Bin ph thuc, cn gi l bin ch (target), c xc nh theo
bin c lp, cn gi l bin ngun (source), theo biu thc tuyn
tnh sau:
Y = MX + B
trong Y = Bin ph thuc (target)
X = Bin c lp (source)
M = H s nhn (h s gc - slope)
B = lch (im chn - intercept)
thit lp Set, chn Add Operation t Flowsheet menu, v chn
Set. Ngoi ra, c th chn phm Set trong Object Palette.

10.5.1 Connections Tab

Trong Connections tab khai bo cc thng tin sau :

61

www.thuvien247.net
Yu cu nhp

M t

Target Object

Dng hoc thit b c bin ph thuc. S

dng phm Select Var chn. Mt danh
sch cc bin c m ra (xem trong 5.2.2.
Variable Navigator ca ti liu hng dn
s dng Uses Guide c thm thng tin)

Target Variable

Kiu bin cn Set, nhit , p sut, lu

lng. C th chn bin ph thuc trong
Object type. Sau khi chn, bin s t ng
c a vo c hai Target v Source
Object.

Source Object

Dng hoc thit b c bin c lp.

Ch rng khi chn object cho Target th cng chnh l object

cho Source. V d, nu chn Stream l Target, ch Stream mi c
th l Source.
HYSYS s tnh ton hoc l bin Target hoc l bin Source, ph
thc vo bin no bit trc (kh nng tnh ton theo c hai hng).

10.5.2. Parameters Tab

Trn Parameters tab, khai bo Slope (gi tr Multiplier, M) v

Intercept (gi tr Offset, B, trong biu thc trn). Gi tr mc nh
l M = 1, B = 0.
b qua Set trong qu trnh tnh ton, kch hot Ignored,
HYSYS s hon ton b qua cho n khi b kch hot.
62

www.thuvien247.net
10.5.3 V d Set
Trong v d ny, dng nguyn liu n Reactor s c khai bo t
l h s t lng hp thc bng cch s dng Set.
Trc ht, chn Peng-Robinson, v nhp bn cu t l CO, Hydro,
H2O v Metan.
Phn ng sau y s c m phng:
CO + 3 H2 CH4 + H2O
To phn ng Conversion v in cc h s t lng ca phn ng
nh trong giao din di y. Trong Basis tab ca giao din
Conversion Reaction nhp Base Component l CO, v Conversion
l 80%.

63

www.thuvien247.net
Thit lp Reaction Set, v gn Conversion Reaction vo Reaction
Set. iu ny khng cn thit v phn ng c t ng gn vo
Global Rxn Set. Tip theo gn Global Rxn Set vo Fluid Package
bng cch bm vo phm Add to PF. Vo mi trng m phng.
S c hai dng nguyn liu vo Reator, mt dng l CO tinh khit,
mt dng l H2 tinh khit. Cc dng nguyn liu c hieernt h
trong bng di y. Lu lng dng mol ca CO bit bng 100
kmol/h.

Thit lp Separator vi cc thng tin sau:

Trn Reaction tab ca giao din thuc tnh thp tch nhp
Reaction Set c Conversion Reaction thit lp.
By gi thit lp Set sao cho lu lng dng H2 c t l theo h s
t lng vi vi dng CO.

64

www.thuvien247.net

Flowsheet s c tnh ton ngay, cho kt qu nh sau:

Trong tnh hung

dng khng tinh
khit, ni ring khi c
tun hon, General
Balance l gii php
hon ho.

Qua v d ny thy rng, cng c Set rt c ch khi ng dng cho

nhng vn ln. V d, trong Flowsheet c cc dng n reactor
c tun hon, Set c th m bo chc chn rng t l gia lu
lng cc dng lun lun theo ng h s t lng theo phng
trnh phn ng.

65

www.thuvien247.net
10.6 Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet ng dng cc chng trnh hm s ca Spreadsheet

m hnh ha Flowsheet. Vi kh nng truy cp vo tt c cc bin
qu trnh, Spreadsheet l cng c rt mnh v c rt nhiu ng dng
trong HYSYS.
Spreadsheet c th s dng iu khin hoc thc hin nhng
tnh ton a dng trn cc bin ca Flowsheet. Bi v y l cng c
tnh ton, vic tnh ton c thc hin t ng; cc ca
Spreadsheet s c cp nht s liu khi cc bin ca Flowsheet
thay i.
Mt ng dng quan trng ca Spreadsheet l tnh ton gim p
trong qu trnh m phng ng ca thit b trao i nhit. Trong
thit b trao i nhit ca HYSYS, gim p c coi l khng
i theo c hai pha m khng xem xt n lu lng dng. Tuy
nhin, s dng Spreadsheet, gim p hin thi trn mt hoc c
hai pha ca thit b trao i nhit c th c tnh ton nh l hm
s ca lu lng dng.
Cc cng thc ton hc phc tp c th c thit lp, s dng c
php tng t nh quy nh ca Spreadsheets. Cc hm i s,
66

www.thuvien247.net
logarit, lng gic l nhng v d v cc hm c th s dng trong
Spreadsheet. Spreadsheet cng cho php thc hin tnh ton cc
chng trnh logical. Boolean logic c h tr cho php thc hin
php so snh gi tr ca hai hay nhiu bin s dng ton t logic, v
sau thc hin thao tc thch hp ph thuc vo kt qu nhn
c.
C th nhp bt c d liu trong m phng vo cc ca
Spreadsheet, v c th xut d liu t cc ca Spreadsheet vo
cc trng khai bo tham s cho m phng.
C hai cch xut v nhp d liu t v ti Spreadsheet:
Phng php
xut/nhp

M t

S dng Variable
Navigator

Trn Connection tab, chn phm Add Import

hoc Add Export. Sau s dungjVariable
Navigator, chn bin cn nhp hoc xut.

Dragging
Variables

S dng chut bm vo gi tr bin cn

nhp, ko vo v tr xc nh trong
Spreadsheet. Nu cn xut th dng chut
ko gi tr ca bin t ca Spreadsheet ti
v tr tng ng.

Khi ang s dng Spreadsheet chuyn kt qu tr li vo

Flowsheet, cn phi xem xt tc ng n qu trnh tnh ton chung,
c bit khi c Recycle. Nu Spreadsheet thc hin tnh ton v gi
tr kt qu v s nh hng n ton b kt qu tnh ton trc
m Recycle thc hin, kt qu khng nht qun s khng c
truyn i trong Flowsheet. S dng la chn tnh ton tun t
Calculation Sequencing (xen mc Section 7.3.1. Main Properties
ca ti liu hng dn Users Guide) c th gim ti mc ti thiu
nh hng ca cng c ny n qu trnh tnh ton.
Thit lp Spreadsheet bng cch chn Add Operation t Flowsheet
menu, sau chn Spreadsheet. Ngoi ra c th chn biu tng
Spreadsheet t Object Palette.

10.6.1. Chc nng ca Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet trong HYSYS bao gm cc hm ton hc v logic ph
bin. xem cc hm v cc biu thc c trong Spreadsheet, chn
phm Function Help. Ch rng ca s ny c ba tab:
67

www.thuvien247.net
Mathematical Expressions, Logical Expressions v Mathematical
Functions.
Tt c cc hm phi c bt u bng + (vi hm ton hc) hoc
@ (vi cc hm c bit hm logarit, hm lng gic, hm
logic,). V d nh +A4/B5 v @ABS(A4-B5).
Cc hm ton hc thng thng
Spreadsheet c cc hm ton hc sau:
General
Operation

Method of Application

Php cng
(Addition)

Dng du +

Php tr
(Substraction)

Dng du -

Php nhn
(Multiplication)

Dng du *

Php chia
(Division)

Dng du / (ch
khng dng du \)

Gi tr tuyt i
(Absolute Value)

@Abs

View

C mt s hm ton hc khc na:

Advanced
Operation

Method of Application

Hm ly tha
(Power)

Dng du ^
V d: +3^3=27
V d: +27^(1/3)=3. Ch
du ngoc n l bt buc
trong trng hp ny

Cn bc hai
(Square Root)

@SQRT hoc @RT

V d: @sqrt(16)=4. Ch
khng phn bit ch
thng hay ch in.

Pi

+pi

Giai tha
(Factorial)

!
V d +5!-120=0

View

68

www.thuvien247.net
Trnh t tnh ton
Th t thc hin cc php tnh nh thng thng (trong ngoc, hm
m, chia v nhn, cng v tr). V d:
+6+4/2 = 8 (ch khng phi l 5)
Php chia thc hin trc php cng. Nhng nu nh c ngoc n:
+(6+4)/2 = 5
Th php tnh trong ngoc thc hin trc ri mi n php chia.
Cc hm Logarit
Log Function

Method of Application

logarit t nhin
(ln)

@ln
V d: @ln(2.73) = 1.004

logarit c s 10
(log)

@log
V d: @log(1000) = 3

Hm m
(Exponential)

@exp
V d: @exp(3) = 20.09

Hm Hyperbol
(Hypebolic)

@sinh, @cosh, @tanh

V d: @tanh(2) = 0.964

View

Cc hm lng gic
Tt c cc hm lng gic u c thc hin trong Spreadsheet,
bao gm c hm lng gic ngc v hm hyperbol
Trig Function Method of Application
Hm chun
(Standard)

@sin, @cos, @tan

V d: @cos(pi) = -1

Hm ngc
(Inverse)

@asin, @acos, @atan

V d: @asin(1) = 1.571

View

Hm lng gic c th tnh ton bng n v Radian, Degree hoc

Grad, bng cch chn n v ph hp t danh sch Angle in th
xung trong nhm Current Cell.
Ch l du ngoc n l bt buc vi tt c cc hm logarit v
hm lng gic. Khng phn bit ch in hay ch thng. HYSYS
s tnh ton hm m khng quan tm c vit bng ch in hay ch
thng.
69

www.thuvien247.net
Cc ton t Logic (Logical Operations)
Spreadsheet h tr Boolean logic. V d, gi s A1 c gi tr 5,
A2 c gi tr 10. Cn A3 nhp cng thc (+A1<A2)
Spreadsheet s tr v gi tr l 1 cho A3, khi trng thi l ng
(A1 nh hn A2). Nu gi tr hoc l A1 hoc l A2 thay i
sao cho trng thi l sai, A3 s nhn gi tr 0.
C th s dng cc ton t sau:
Boolean

Method of
Application

Bng (Equal to)

==

Khng bng (Not Equal to)

!=

Ln hn (Greater than)

>

Nh hn (Less than)

<

Ln hn hoc bng (Greater than or Equal to)

>=

Nh hn hoc bng (Less than or Equal to)

<=

Cc cu lnh IF/THEN/ELSE
Cu trc chung ca cu lnh ny l:
@if (iu kin) then (if true) else (if false)
iu kin l cc biu thc logical, nh B1==15.
V d, gi s A3 c s 6. Cu lnh:
@if (A3>10) then (10) else (A3/2)
Kt qu gi tr l s 3 s hin th trong tng ng:

70

www.thuvien247.net
Lun lun phi c ELSE trong cu lnh. Du ngoc n l bt buc
cho cu lnh ny.

10.6.2. Cc giao din ca Spreadsheet

Ca s non-modal c
cc phm Minimizing
v Maximizing gc
trn bn phi, c
ng vin kp. C
th a cc bin ra
bn ngoi giao din
non-modal.
Ca s Modal c
cht gc trn bn
phi, v c ng
vin n. Khng th
a bin ra bn
ngoi ca s. Bm
vo phm cht
chuyn t modal sang
non-modal.

Nhp v xut bin bng cch dragging

C th a ni dung c trong no trong m phng vo
Spreadsheet bng cch a con tr chut n v tr cn thit, bm
phm phi v gi chut vi giy, v di ti bt k ca Spreadsheet.
Ch rng ca s thc hin dragging phi c m cht (nonmodal). Ca s Spreadsheet mc nh l m.
Khi di chuyn gi tr vo ca Spreadsheet, s nhn thy con tr
chut c dng bulls-eye. Nh phm phi chut v gi tr s c
t trong . Trong trng Imported From trong nhm Current
Cell (xut hin khi con tr chut ang imported), s c Object
cho . Object Variable c hin th trong Variable field. Mi
ln c s thay i (do ngi s dng hoc do HYSYS tnh ton li)
gi tr ca bin th s liu s c cp nht ngay tng ng.

71

www.thuvien247.net
C th b gi tr a vo bt c khi no cn, bng cch di con tr
chut n tng ng, bm phm phi chut v chn Disconnect
Import/Export.

Nhp bin bng cch duyt qua (Browsing)

Cng c th nhp bin bng cch a con tr chut vo trng ca
Spreadsheet v bm phm phi chut. Khi s nhn thy menu
nh trong hnh sau:

Chn Import Variable, v s dng Variable Navigator (xem trong

mc 5.2 Navigation trong ti liu hng dn s dng Users
Guide) chn Flowsheet Variable cn nhp vo Spreadsheet.
Phng php ny tng t nh cch nhp bin t Connections tab,
trnh by sau y.
Xut cc kt qu tnh ton
Cc bin c xut bng cch s dng Variable Navigator, hoc
bng cch dragging (nh trnh by trn, tng t khi nhp bin).
Ch c th xut kt qu tnh ton, tc l cc gi tr c mu . C ba
cch xut kt qu:
Bm v gi phm phi chut, v a ti v tr cn xut kt
qu tnh ton. Nhn con tr chut bull-eye bit v tr
xut s liu. Ch rng ch di chuyn s liu t ca s
khng b kha.
Bm phm phi chut v chn Export Formula Result
(nh hnh sau). S dng Variable Navigator, chn v tr cn
xut kt qu tnh ton.

72

www.thuvien247.net
Xc nh bin cn xut trn Connections tab bng cch
chn phm Add Export v chn i tng v bin xut s
dng Variable Navigator.
Ch rng khng th s dng cng mt Spreadsheet cho c hai
bin ngun v bin ch trong tnh ton. Tng t, cng mt ca
Spreadsheet khng th tc dng nh l ngun cho nhiu hn mt
ch. thc hin vic xut bin cn phi t tn cho vi bin
cn xut cho mt v tr mi trong Spreadsheet, v xut bin mi

Bi v ni dung ca A1 khng th thc hin c xut v nhp,

cng thc +A1 c in vo B1. B1 sau c xut cho
RECYCLE 1 pressure.

Ch rng khi thc hin xut bin t Spreadsheet, bin phi

c cng n v o vi v tr nhn bin.
V d, gi s cn gn gi tr p sut ca dng nguyn liu cho mt
dng khc. Trong B1, in cng thc +A1 v sau xut ni
dung ca B1 ti p sut ca dng tng ng, s dng mt trong
cc phng php nu trn.
Vi v d n gin ny c th s dng cng c SET. Vi nhng
trng hp phc tp hn, phi s dng Spreadsheet.
Giao din Associated Object
C th m giao din Associated Object vi cc c trng bng
cch bm phm phi chut v chn View Associated Object (nh
hnh di).

73

www.thuvien247.net
V d nu a (drag) gi tr nhit ca dng t Worksheet sang
Spreadsheet, Associated Object phi l dng (stream). Khi chn
View Associated Object, s m ra giao din thuc tnh ca dng
. Ch rng c th m giao din Associated Object ca c
nhp bng cch nhp p vo . Nu khng c Object
Associated vi , menu la chn s khng xut hin.

10.6.3. Spreadsheet Tabs

Connections Tab
Trn Connections Tab c th thm, sa v xa cc d liu xut v
nhp. Nh n trn, cng c th xut v nhp cc bin bng
cch dragging n hoc t Spreadsheet.
nhp thm, bm phm Add Import, chn bin cn nhp t
Variable Navigator (xem mc 5.2 Navigation trong ti liu
hng dn s dng Users Guide). Trong ct Cell, g vo hoc
chn t danh sch th xung, bin chn s hin th trong
xc nh.

C th sa cha hoc xa bin nhp (Import) vo bng cch di

chuyn con tr chut n v tr tng ng, chn phm Edit Import
hoc Delete Import. Vi bin xut (Export) cng lm tng t.
C th i tn Spreadsheet trong tab ny.
74

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters tab

Trn tab ny ca giao din thuc tnh ca Spreadsheet, c th t

kch thc ca Spreadsheet v chn n v:
Number of Column hoc Number of Row: cn phi xc
nh s dng v s ct cho Spreadsheet. Lu rng nu
xc nh kch thc ca Spreadsheet nh hn s b xa mt
s liu. V d xc nh s dng l 3 th ni dung ca A4
s b xa mt.
Units: Chn n v cho Spreadsheet. Tt c cc gi tr
trong cc ca Spreadsheet s hin th theo h n v
chn (xem mc 7.7.5-Preference)
Cc ct Visible
Name v Variable
Name hin th cc
bin c th xut.
Thc t cc bin
trong danh sch ny
khng c ngha l
bin c xut.

Exportable Cell
Trc ht cn phi gii thch Exportable Cell c thit lp nh th
no, s khc nhau gia xut bin t Spreadsheet (gn gi tr t
Spreadsheet cho bin qu trnh) v nhp bin vo Spreadsheet (gn
gi tr cho Spreadsheet t mt ni khc) cng cn phi c gii
thch r rng. Gi tr xut t Spreadsheet cho mt bin qu trnh xc
nh ch c thc hin mt ln, tc l cng mt khng th lin
kt vi hai bin qu trnh.
Tuy nhin, cc v tr trong chng trnh c th nhp t Spreadsheet
(tc l PID CONTROLER Cascade Source, ADJUST Target
75

www.thuvien247.net
Variable hoc Databook Variable) cn phi truy cp vo no ,
bao gm nhng c nhp t bin qu trnh ca Flowsheet.
Exportable Cells list cn phi c thit lp cho php cc i
tng s dng Variable Navigator truy cp cc bin c lin
kt vi Spreadsheet.
Khi truy cp
Spreadsheet nh l
mt Object (tc l
thng qua Variable
Navigator), ni
dung ca Visible
Name s xut hin
trong danh sch
bin.

Nhm Exportable Cells s hin th tt c cc c th xut c

(bao gm c cc c xut). Trong cc Visible Name,
Variable Name v Variable Type s hin th hoc l cc thng tin
khai bo cho lin kt trong Spreadsheet, hoc s cha cc
thng tin tng ng cho bin qu trnh m ny xut ra. Ni
chung, cc thng tin ny c th bin i c, c th thay i ti
y hoc trong Spreadsheet. Sau ny, khng th bin i cc thng
tin na v n c thit lp bi bin qu trnh thuc c
xut. V d, nu xut gi tr t Spreadsheet ti m van ca
thp tch (Separator Valve Opening Cell), Visible Name s l
m van v Variable Type s l phn trm.
C th hiu chnh Variable Name v Variable Type cho tt c cc
bin khng c xut c trong danh sch (ch l cc bin ca
Spreadsheet c lin kt vi Coltroler, Adjust v Databook khng
xut c, nhng c th c nhp t Object ).

C bn bin trong
danh sch ca
SPRDSHT-1
tng ng vi cc
B1, B4, B7 v
D1. Lu l tn
bin c g vo
bng tay.

Khi s dng
Variable
Navigator v
chn Object l
SPRDSHT-1,
s nhn thy
cc B1, B2,
B7 v D1 trong
danh sch bin.

76

www.thuvien247.net
Formulas Tab
Trong Formulas Tab hin th tm tt tt c cc cng thc c trong
Spreadsheet. Trong bng lit k tn ca cc c cng thc, cc
cng thc v kt qu tnh ton ca cng thc.

Spreadsheet Tab
Spreadsheet tab vi cc tn ca dng v ct, tng t nh quy nh
trong Spreadsheet. T tab ny, c th nhp v xut cc bin, b lin
kt nhp/xut, xem giao din ca cc bin lin kt, xc nh cc
cng thc v biu thc, bin i tn bin.

Spreadsheet
Function

c thm thng tin chi tit

Importing and
Exporting

xem mc: Importing and Exporting

Variables by dragging, v Importing
Variables by Browsing.

Associated Object xem mc: View Associated Object

View
Formula
Expressions

xem mc: Spreadsheet Functions

Variable Names

xem mc: Exportable Cells

77

www.thuvien247.net
Nhm Curent Cell
Trong nhm Current Cell hin th thng tin quy nh ni dung ca
c nh u. Vi tt c cc trng hp, v tr ca Current Cell
c hin th.
c cha cng thc hoc gi tr khng c nhp

Hin th Variable Name v Variable Type. C th chn kiu bin

mi t danh sch, c th sa cha tn bin. Cc cha cng thc
hoc gi tr khng c nhp s t ng c thm vo danh sch
bin trn Parameters tab, v chn Exportable s c kch hot.
cha gi tr xut

Ni dung ca hin ti xut hin th Object v Variable. Trong

trng hp ny chn Exportable c kch hot. Khng th thay
i tn bin m HYSYS mc nh
cha gi tr nhp

Ni dung ca hin ti nhp hin th Object v Variable. Khng

th thay i tn bin m HYSYS mc nh.
Th t tnh ton (Calculation Order Tab)
Trong giao din ca tab ny cho php thit lp mc cho mi
trong Spreadsheet. Bm phm Calculation Order Help xem quy
nh v thit lp th t tnh ton.

78

www.thuvien247.net
Cc bin do ngi s dng to ra (User Variable Tab)
Tab ny cho php ngi s dng to ra v iu khin cc bin trong
bi m phng. c Chapter 5- User Variable trong ti liu hng
dn s dng Customization Guide bit thm chi tit.
Cc phm Function Help v Spreadsheet Only
Bm phm Function Help cho php xem cc chc nng ca cc
hm v cc biu thc ca Spreadsheet. Lu rng ca s Help c
ba tab: Mathematical Expressions, Logical Expressions v
Mathematical Functions. Xem Section 10.6.1 - Spreadsheet
Functions c thm thng tin chi tit.
Bm phm Spreadsheet Only xem cc Spreadsheet trong ca
s ring bit. Kh nng ny rt thun tin khi hon thnh vic thit
lp Spreadsheet v cn xem ch nhng kt qu tnh ton.

10.4.6. V d Spreadsheet
Trong v d ny, s dng Spreadsheet tnh ton ch s Reynold
cho dng nc chy trong ng.
Khai bo cc tham s ca dng nh trong bng sau, s dng PR.
MATERIAL STREAM [Feed]
Tab [page]

Input Area

Entry

Worksheet
[Conditions]

Temperarure

30 oC

Pressure

101.325 kPa

Mass Flow

400 kg/h

H2O Mol Frac

Worksheet
[Compositions]

Ch s Reynold c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Re =

du

trong : d = ng knh ng
u = vn tc dng lu th trong ng
= t trng ca cht lng
= nht ca cht lng
79

www.thuvien247.net
Khi to Spreadsheet, m Spreadsheet tab. Cc bc thit lp cc
cng thc tnh ton trong Spreadsheet nh sau:
ng knh ng dn
ng knh ng dn l 2 cm. Trong B1, g gi tr 0.02. Hin ti
ch s ny khng c n v g. Mc d trong v d ny khng cn
n v, nhng c th t n v bng cch a con tr chut vo
B1, chn Length t danh sch Variable Type th xung. HYSYS
s cho n v mc nh, ty thuc vo h n v chn trong
Parameters tab. Trong trng hp ny h n v l SI, do n
v mc nh ca chiu di l met.

Din tch

ng knh hin th
ch s mu xanh c
ngha l gi tr c
khai bo. Din tch
hin th mu ,
ngha l gi tr tnh
t cng thc.

c th tnh c vn tc dng lu th u cn phi bit thit din

ca ng A:
d 2
A=
4
Nhp cng thc sau vo D1:
+0.25*pi*b1^2
Kt qu tnh ton ca cng thc ny (0.000314159 m2) s hin th
trong D1. Lm tng t nh trn hin th n v tnh din tch.
80

www.thuvien247.net
Mass Flow hin th
ch s mu xanh c
ngha l gi tr c
khai bo. Nu thay
i gi tr Mass
Flow trong
Spreadshee th cng
s lm thay i gi
tr ca dng c
nhp vo y.

Lu lng dng
Thc hin nhp gi tr ny dng Feed. Nhc li, c hai cch Import:
Drag t giao din dng vt liu vo Spreadsheet.
Import s dng Navigator. Bm phm Add Import trn
Connections tab, hoc bm phm phi chut vo B2 v
chn Import Variable.
Khi nhp xong lu lng dng, gi tr s hin th trong B2.
Trong nhm Curent Cell, HYSYS s ch r bin ny l Mass Flow
v c Imported t dng Feed.
T trng
Import Density vo B3 tng t nh Import Mass Flow. T trng
ph thuc vo cc tham s ca dng (nhit v p sut) v do
khng phi l gi tr c khai bo ban u. Gi tr ny s c
hin th bng cc ch s mu en, chng t rng n s khng c
thay i.
Vn tc dng lu th
By gi c th tnh vn tc dng lu th chy trong ng theo cng
thc sau:
u = m / (A)
trong m = lu lng dng theo khi lng
= t trng
A = din tch thit din ng
Nhp cng thc tnh sau y vo B4:
+(B2/3600)/(B3*D1)
Cn phi chia lu lng dng cho 3600 i n v o thi gian
t gi sang giy.
nht
Import gi tr Viscosity t Feed vo B5. Viscosity l gi tr tnh
ton (c mu en) khng th thay i c.
Ch s Reynold
81

www.thuvien247.net
Nhp cng thc tnh Ch s Reynold vo B7:
+(B1*B4*B3)/(B5/1000)
Trong trng hp ny phi chia cho 1000 chuyn i n v tnh
cho ph hp.

Ch s Reynold bng 8873, c hin th trong B7. Kt qu tnh

ton cho thy rng ch dng chy trong ng l chy ri.

82

www.thuvien247.net

11-CNG C TI U HA
11.1 Optimizer................................................................. 2
11.2 Optimizer View.......................................................... 3
11.2.1 Variables Tab..................................... 4
11.2.2 Functions Tab.................................................................. 4
11.2.3 Parameters Tab............................................................... 5
11.2.4 Monitor Tab................................................................... 7
11.3 Optimization Schemes............................................. 8
11.3.1 Function Setup ............................................................... 8
11.3.2 BOX Method.................................................................. 9
11.3.3 SQP Method................................................................... 10
11.3.4 Mixed Method................................................................ 10
11.3.5 Fletcher Reeves Method ................................................. 11
11.3.6 Quasi-Newton Method................................................... 11
11.4 Optimizer Tips...................................................... 12
11.5 Optimizer Examples ................................................. 12
11.5.1 Part I: Solving Multiple UA Exchangers...................... 12
11.5.2 Part II: Optimizing Overall UA ................................ 17
11.6 References .............................................................. 20

www.thuvien247.net

11.1 Ti u ha
HYSYS c cng c ti u ha a bin trong m phng tnh. Khi s
cng ngh c xy dng v hi t nhn c gii php, bn
c th s dng cng c ti u ha xc nh cc iu kin vn
hnh cho php ti thiu (hoc ti a) mt hm mc tiu. Thit k
hng i tng ca HYSYS to ra b ti u ha cc k mnh, bi
v n c kh nng truy cp vo mt khong rng cc bin qu trnh
thc hin nghin cu ti u ha.
Bn thn cng c ti u ha c bng tnh ring cho vic xc nh
cc hm mc tiu, cng nh bt k cc biu thc ng thc c s
dng. S linh hot ca phng php tip cn ny cho php bn xy
dng cc hm mc tiu m ti a li nhun, ti thiu cc h thng
ph tr hay ti thiu h s trao i nhit UA. Cc thut ng sau
c dng miu t cc i tng trong Optimizer.
Cc thut ng

nh ngha

Cc bin c s (Primary y l cc bin c nhp t bng tnh

Variables)
m gi tr ca chng c iu khin
nhm mc ch ti thiu (hoc ti a
hm mc tiu). Bn t cc cn trn v
cn di cho tt c cc bin c s,
c s dng thit lp khong tm
kim, cng nh cho s chun ha.
Hm mc tiu (Objective y l hm s c ti thiu hay ti a.
Function)
l mt s linh ng ln trong vic
miu t hm mc tiu; cc bin c s c
th c nhp vo v cc hm c xc
nh trong bng tnh Optimizer, ti c
y cc tnh nng ca bng tnh s
cng ngh chnh.

www.thuvien247.net
Cc thut ng

nh ngha

Cc hm lin kt
(Constraint Functions)

Cc hm ng thc v bt ng thc c
th c xc nh trong bng tnh
Optimizer. V d c mt ng thc
c to ra t 2 bin tho mn bt
phng trnh (v d -A*B<K).
Cc phng php lp trnh bc 2 BOX,
lin tip v hn hp (SQP) thch hp
cho s ti thiu cc biu thc bt ng
thc. Ch c phng php SQP c th
x l cc biu thc ng thc.
Cc phng php Fletcher-Reeves v
Quasi-Newton thch hp cho cc vn
ti u ha bt ng thc.

Optimizer ch thc hin vi cc tnh ton trong m phng tnh; n

s khng hot ng trong m phng ng.
Bn c th xc nh khng nhng cch thit lp chc nng
Optimizer, m cn lm th no Optimizer t ti mt gii php.
Bn c th t cc thng s nh biu ti u ha c s dng,
v s ti a cc vng lp v sai s cho php.
gi ra Optimizer, la chn Optimizer di Simulation trong
Menu Bar, hoc bm phm F5.

11.2 Hin th Optimizer:

Bm phm F5, s c giao din nh sau:

www.thuvien247.net
Hin th Optimizer bao gm 4 tabs, mi tab s uc chi tit trong
cc phn sau.
11.2.1 Variables tab
Khi bn gi ra Optimizer ln u tin, Variables tab trn giao din
ca Optimizer xut hin, nh hnh trn. Trn Variables tab, bn
nhp cc bin c s ti thiu hay ti a hm mc tiu. Bt k
bin qu trnh no c th thay i (do ngi thit k thit lp) th c
th c s dng nh l 1 bin c s. Cc bin mi c thm vo
thng qua Variable Navigator. Tt c cc bin phi c cho cn
trn v cn di, c s dng chun ha bin c s:

Cn trn v cn di cho mi bin c s nn c chn sao cho

mt gii php cng ngh hp l thu c trong khong . V d,
gi thit rng bin c s l dng mol ca mt dng vt liu ang
c np vo cc ng bn trong ca mt thit b trao i nhit. Nu
dng mol ny qu chm, th hin tng chng cho nhit c th
xy ra trong thit b trao i nhit, m s lm dng cc tnh ton ca
Optimizer. Trong trng hp ny cn di nn c chn sao cho
hin tng chng cho nhit khng xy ra.
11.2.2 Functions Tab

www.thuvien247.net
Functions tab bao gm 2 nhm, c t tn l Objective
Function v Constraints Functions.
Ch rng Optimizer c mt bng tnh ring c s dng pht
trin Objective Function, cng nh bt k Constraints Functions
no c s dng. Bng tnh ca Optimizer ng nht vi bng tnh
vn hnh; cc bin qu trnh c th c nh km bng cch ko
v th, hoc s dng Variable Navigator. Khi cc bin qa trnh cn
thit c kt ni ti bng tnh, bn c th xy dng Objective
Function v bt k biu thc quan h no bng cch s dng c
php chun.
Trong nhm Objective Function, ch r Objective Function trong
trng Objective Function Cell. Gi tr hin ti ca Objective
Function c cung cp. Thm vo , nhm Objective Function l
vng m bn c th nh r (thng qua cc nt radio) ti thiu
hay ti a Objective Function.
Nhm Constraints Functions l ni m bn c th nh r v bn
tri v v bn phi ca cc biu thc quan h (trong cc ct LHS
Cell v RHS Cell). nh r mi quan h gia cc bn tri v bn
phi (LHS > RHS, LHS < RHS, LHS = RHS) trong ct Cond.
Constraint Function c nhn vi Penalty Value trong cc tnh
ton ti u ha. Nu bn nhn thy mt biu thc quan h khng
tha mn, th tng Penalty Value; Penalty Value cng cao, th biu
thc quan h cho c gi tr cng ln. Penalty Value c mc
nh bng 1.
Cc gi tr hin ti ca Objective Function v v bn tri v v bn
phi ca cc Constraints Functions cell c hin th trong cc
trng tng ng ca chng.
11.2.3 Parameters Tab

www.thuvien247.net
Parameters Tab c s dng cho vic la chn s ti u ha v
xc nh cc tham s lin quan.
Cc tham s

Miu t

Scheme

Xem mc 11.3 cc s ti u ha

Maximum
Function
Evaluations

Trng ny thit lp s ln nht ca cc php

tnh hm (khng c nhm ln vi s ti a
cc bc lp). Trong sut mi php lp, t l
thch hp ca s cng ngh c gii
quyt vi ln, ph thuc vo cc yu t nh
s ti u ha, v s cc bin c s.

Tolerance (sai s HYSYS s xc nh s thay i trong

cho php)
objective function gia cc bc lp, cng
nh nhng thay i trong cc bin c s
c chun ha. Bng vic s dng thng tin
ny, HYSYS s xc nh nu sai s cho php
xc nh c tha mn.
Maximum
Iterations

S ti a cc bc lp.
Cc tnh ton s dng li nu t n s ti
a cc bc lp.

Maximum Change S thay i ti a cho php trong cc bin c

/ Iteration
s c chun ha gia cc bc lp. V d,
gi thit rng s thay i ti a trn mt bc
lp l 0.3 (y l gi tr mc nh). Nu bn
nh r dng mol l mt bin c s vi
khong t 0 n 200 kmol/h, th s thay i
ti a trong mt bc lp s l 200*0.3 = 60
kmol/h.
Shift A / Shift B

Ly o hm ca hm mc tiu v/hoc cc
hm lin kt theo theo cc bin c s c
yu cu chung v c tnh ton bng cch
ly vi phn i s.
o hm i s c tnh ton t mi quan
h sau:
xshift = ShiftA*x + ShiftB
Trong : x = bin b nhiu ( chun ha)
xShift = khong dch chuyn (
chun ha)
6

www.thuvien247.net
Cc o hm c tnh ton bng cch:

Trong : y2 = gi tr ca bin b nh hng

tng ng vi x + xShift
y1 = gi tr ca bin b nh hng
tng ng vi x
Trc mi bc, Optimizer cn xc nh
chnh lch ca b mt ti u ha ti vng
hin ti. Optimizer di chuyn mi bin c s
bng mt gi tr ca xShift (m lm cho kch
c ca Shift A v Shift B s l mt bc rt
nh). o hm sau c tnh cho mi hm
(Objective v Constraint) s dng cc gi tr
ca y ti 2 v tr ca x. T thng tin ny v
lch s ca Optimizer, kch thc v nh
hng bc tip theo c chn.
11.2.4 Monitor Tab:

Monitor Tab hin th cc gi tr ca Objective Function, cc bin c

s v cc hm quan h trong sut cc tnh ton ca Optimizer.
Thng tin mi ch c cp nht khi c s thay i trong gi tr ca
Objective Function. Cc gi tr lin kt l dng nu cc hm quan
h bt ng thc c tho mn v l m nu khng tho mn.
C 3 phm c th nhn thy trong bng Optimizer d cho trang no
ang c hin th, gm c:
7

www.thuvien247.net
Cc phm

Miu t

Delete

Xa tt c thng tin hin ti khi Optimizer v

bng tnh ca n

Spreadsheet Truy cp vo bng tnh ring ca Optimizer.

Start / Stop

Khi ng hoc kt thc cc tnh ton ca

Optimizer. Mt hm mc tiu phi c xc nh
trc khi bt u cc qu trnh tnh ton

11.3. Ti u ha cc s cng ngh:

11.3.1. Thit lp hm:
Optimizer iu khin cc gi tr ca mt b cc bin c s nhm
mc nh ti thiu (hoc ti a) mt Objective Function do ngi
dng thit lp, c xy dng t s bt k cc bin qu trnh.
min f(x1, x2, x3, ..., xn)
trong : x1, x2, x3, , xn l cc bin qu trnh
Mi bin c s x0, s c iu khin trong mt khong xc nh:
x0i cn di < x0i < x0i cn trn

vi i = 1, , j

Cc lin kt ng thc v bt ng thc chung l:

ci(y1, y2, y3, ..., yn)= 0,
ci(y1, y2, y3, ..., yn 0,
ci(y1, y2, y3, ..., yn 0,

i = 1, ..., m1
vi

i = m1 + 1, ..., m2
i = m2 + 1, ..., m

Cc hm lin kt ni chung khng nn s dng cc bin c s.

Tt c cc bin c s c chun ha t cn di n cn trn. Do
, phi cung cp gi tr cc cn di v cn trn hp l. Nn trnh
thay i qu thp hoc qu cao gi tr cc cn, v chng c th gy
ra mt s vn khi chia t l. Phi cung cp mt im khi u,
v phi nm trong khong chp nhn c. Cc lin kt l ty chn
v khng c cung cp bi tt c Optimazation cc s .

www.thuvien247.net
Nu HYSYS ngng tnh ton hm mc tiu hay bt k hm lin kt
no, Optimizer s lm gim bc gia tng ca bin c s cui cng
xung mt na. S cng ngh sau c tnh ton li. Nu
vic tnh ton hm vn khng thnh cng, s ti u ha s b dng.
Theo mc inh, Optimizer thit lp nh nht hm mc tiu. Mt
phm Maximize radio c cung cp trn Functions tab nu bn
mun cc i hm mc tiu. Bn trong Optimizer o chiu du
mt cch n gin.
11.3.2. Phng php BOX
Qu trnh da khng cht ch trn phng php Complex ca
Box1; thut ton Downhill Simplex (nghing mt chiu) ca Press
v cc ng tc gi.2 v thut ton BOX ca Kuester v Mize3.
Phng php ny l k thut tm kim lin tc gii quyt cc vn
vi cc hm mc tiu phi tuyn tnh, ph thuc vo cc quan h
bt ng thc phi tuyn tnh. Khng i hi o hm. N gii quyt
cc lin kt bt phng trnh m khng gii quyt lin kt phng
trnh. Phng php ny rt khng hiu qu trong cc giai on i
hi cc tnh ton hm. N yu cu chung mt s ln cc bc lp
ng quy nghim. Tuy nhin nu p dng c, phng php
ny c th rt thit thc.
Qu trnh tnh ton:
1. Cho mt im bt u hp l, chng trnh to ra mt
complex gc ca n+1 im xung quanh trung tm ca vng
kh thi (ni m n l s cc bin).
2. Hm mc tiu c tnh ton ti mi im. im c gi tr
hm cao nht c thay th bi mt im thu c bng
phng php ngoi suy qua mt ca t hp ngang qua im
c gi tr cao (s phn x).
3. Nu im mi thnh cng trong vic gim hm mc tiu, th
HYSYS s th mt php ngoi suy b xung. Mt khc, nu
im mi km hn im cao th 2, th HYSYS s lm php
rt ngn mt chiu

www.thuvien247.net
4. Nu mt im tip tc cho cc gi tr cao, th tt c cc im
s c rt ngn li xung quanh im thp nht.
5. im mi phi tho mn c cc cn thay i v cc biu thc
bt ng thc. Nu n tri vi cc cn, n s b a tr li
cc cn. Nu n tri vi cc lin kt, im s b dch chuyn
ly tin v pha trng tm ca cc im cn li cho ti khi
cc biu thc quan h c tho mn.
6. Bc 2 n bc 5 c lp li cho n khi hi t.
11.3.3. Phng php SQP
Phng php lp trnh bc 2 ni tip (SQP) gii quyt cc lin kt
ng thc v bt ng thc.
SQP c xem xt nhiu v l phng php hiu qa nht cho s
ti thiu ha vi cc lin kt tuyn tinh v phi tuyn tnh chung,
c cung cp mt im khi u hp l c s dng v s cc
bin c s nh.
Chong trnh c thc hin da hon ton vo cc chng trnh
con VF13 v VE174 ca Harwell. Chng trnh rt gn vi thut
ton ca Powell5.
N ti thiu mt tim cn bc 2 ca hm Lagrangian l thuc vo
cc tim cn tuyn tnh ca cc lin kt. Ma trn o hm cp 2 ca
hm Lagrangian c c tnh mt cch t ng. Mt dng lnh
tm kim s dng k thut watchdog (Chamberlain and Powell6)
c s dng bt buc ng quy.
11.3.4. Phng php hn hp
Phng php ny bao gm u im ca cc c tuyn hi t ton
cu ca phng php BOX v hiu qu ca phng php SQP. N
bt u ti thiu vi phng php BOX s dng sai s hi t rt ri
rc (gp 50 ln sai s cho php). Sau khi hi t, phng php SQP
c s dng xc nh nghim cui cng s dng sai s cho
php.

10

www.thuvien247.net
11.3.5 Phng php Fletcher Reeves
Chng trnh c thc hin l s bin i Polak Ribiere ca s
gradient lin hp Fletcher - Reeves. Cch tip cn gn vi ca
cc tc gi Press et al.2, vi nhng bin i cho php cc bin c
cc cn thay i cao hn v thp hn. Phng php ny hiu qu
i vi s ti thiu ho ni chung khng gii hn. Phng php
c s dng cho tm kim mt chiu c th tm thy trong ti liu
tham kho 2.
Trnh t tnh ton:
1. Cho mt im bt u tnh cc o hm ca hm mc tiu
theo cc bin c s.
2. Tnh ton hng tm kim mi khi lin hp vi gradient c.
3. Thc hin tm kim mt chiu theo hng mi cho n khi
t c cc tiu trong vng.
4. Nu c bt k bin no vt qu cn ca n, th a n tr li
cn.
5. Lp li cc bc t 1 n bc 4 cho n khi hi t.
11.3.6 Phng php Quasi Newton
Phng php Quasi Newton ca Broyden-Fletcher-GoldfarbShanno (BFGS) c thc hin theo Press et al.2. Trong phm vi
ng dng v cc gii hn, phng php ny tng t vi phng
php Fletcher Reeves. N tnh ton cc hng tm kim mi t
cc tim cn ca nghch o ca ma trn Hessian.

11

www.thuvien247.net
11.4 Cc im chnh ca Optimizer
1. Cc cn thay i thp hn v cao hn hp l l cc k quan
trng. iu ny cn thit khng nhng ngn chn cc iu kin
xu cho s cng ngh (v d chng cho nhit trong thit b trao
i nhit) m cn bi v cc bin c chia t l gia 0 v 1 trong
cc thut ton ti u ha s dng cc cn ny.
2. i vi cc phng php BOX v hn hp, Maximum change /
Iteration ca cc bin c s (thit lp trn Parameters page) phi
c gim. Mt gi tr khong 0.05 hoc 0.1 l ph hp hn.
3. Phng php hn hp yu cu ni chung t nht s cc php tnh
hm (tc l hiu qu nht).
4. Nu cc phng php BOX, SQP, hoc hn hp khng thc hin
tnh ton cc hm quan h ca bn thit lp, th tng Penalty Value
trn trang Functions bng 3 hay 6 bc ca ln (ln ti mt gi tr
tng t vi gi tr mong mun ca hm mc tiu). Mt khc, n
cng hu ch trong vic c gng t c ln ca hm mc tiu
v penalty tng t n mc c th (c bit khi phng php Box
c s dng).
5. Theo mc nh Optimizer ti thiu hm mc tiu. Bn c th ti
a hm mc tiu bng cch chn nt Maximize radio trn
Functions Page. Ch , Optimizer nhn vi hm mc tiu bng m
1 cho s ti a ha.

11.5. Cc v d Optimizer
11.5.1. Phn 1: Tnh ton cc thit b trao i a UA
Phn u tin ca vn ny bao gm thc hin cc tnh ton UA
trn 3 thit b trao i nhit c lp. Dng vo c np vo vng
lm lnh s b, n c chia thnh 2 dng. Vic lm lnh ca
dng nguyn liu phn chia c hon thnh bng cch trao i
nhit vi cc thit b trao i nhit t song song. Mt dng c
lm lnh bng thit b tch methan (demethanizer) trn nh thp tr
li dng (E-100 Cool In) v dng kia c lm lnh bi mt thit b
lm lnh bng propane (Valve In) v bng cch trao i nhit vi
mt thit b un si y thp t bn cnh (E-102 Cool In) trong
mt thp demethanizer.
12

www.thuvien247.net
X l cc thit b trao i nhit n hoc a UA l mt tnh hung
thng gp, c cc thit b trao i nhit (exchanger) c s
dng di cc iu kin vn hnh khc nhau khng nhiu hay cc
ng dng khc nhau. Trong nhng trng hp ny, ngi k s
phi xc nh c iu kin trao i nhit no l thch hp t cc
thit b trao i nhit ang c m nng sut vn hnh b gi hn bi
cc nh thit k.

Cc dng vo qu trnh, cc c tnh k thut v cc vn hnh yu

cu c hin th trn trang k tip. S dng phng php PR.
Cc dng vo qu trnh

13

www.thuvien247.net
Cc thit b vn hnh ca qu trnh
Trong s cng ngh ca qu trnh ny bao gm: mt khp ni
ch T, van, b phi trn v 3 thit b trao i nhit. Cc tham s
u vo c cho nh trong cc hnh sau.

14

www.thuvien247.net

Thit b trao i nhit E-100

15

www.thuvien247.net
Thit b trao i nhit E-101

Thit b trao i nhit E-102

16

www.thuvien247.net

Cc tham s k thut ca dng:

-

Nhit ca dng E-102 Out -40oF

Phn hi ca dng E-101 Cool Out 1.00
Nhit ca dng E-100 Out -65oF
p sut ca E-101 Cool Out 20 psia
Khng kim tra im bt/im sng i vi E-101 Cool In
hoc E-102 Cool In

Kt qu
Cc dng tnh ton cho bng di:

11.5.2. Phn II: Ti u ha ton b UA

Trong phn ny ca v d, Optimizer s c s dng ti u ho
t s dng qua T sao cho ti thiu UA tng cng.
17

www.thuvien247.net
Do cn thit xo i cc tham s k thut UA ca cc thit b trao
i nhit ring l, v thay th chng bng 3 tham s mi:
- Nhit ca E 102 Cool In : -85oF
- Tc dng ca Valve In: 495 lbmole/h
- Tc dng ca E 101 Feed y l bin s thc hin ti
u. Ban u n c thit lp gi tr s b tc dng (1670
lbmole/h).
Sau khi nhp nhng tham s ny vo, Flowsheet s x l, v nhn
c kt qu tnh ton cc tham s ca UA rt gn vi nhng g
c thit lp trong phn u ca v d ny.
M Optimizer, v thit lp Primary Variable s dng cn trn v
cn di nh sau:

Nhp cc gi tr UA
ca trao i nhit
bng cch hoc l s
dng phm ko th
hoc dng Variable
Navigator. t gi
tr UA ca Heat
Exchange E-100, E101 v E-102 vo
cc A1, A2 v A3
tng ng. Nhp
cng thc
+A1+A2+A3 vo
A4, v nhp s 0 vo
A5.

Tm kim s b gii hn trong khong t 1450 lbmole/h n 1800

lbmole/h trnh hin tng chng cho nhit.
Nhp 3 tham s ca thit b trao i nhit UA vo Spreadsheet ca
ca Optimizer. lm vic ny, bm phm Spreadsheet, v la
chn Spreadsheet tab. Nhp thng tin nh bn di. Trong A4,
nhp vo cng thc m s tnh tng cc thng s ca UA (nhp
cng thc +A1+A2+A3). Trong A5, nhp 0.0. Cc thng tin ny
s c s dng trong cc tnh ton.

18

www.thuvien247.net

Trn Functions tab trong bng hin th thuc tnh ca Optimizer,

cn phi xc nh Objective Function, cng nh Constraint
Functions. Objective Function l biu thc ang thc hin ti thiu,
trong trng hp ny l tng ca cc tham s ca thit b trao i
nhit UA.
Trong Cell ca Objective Function, nhp A4. Gi tr ca s
c hin th trong trng gi tr ca Objective Function. Phi m
bo rng nt Minimize radio c chn.

19

www.thuvien247.net
Cn phi nhp vo cc hm lin kt m bo rng nghim l hp
l. Mi thit b trao i nhit, UA phi ln hn 0. Hon thnh nhm
Constraint Function nh hnh trn.
Trn Parameters tab, s dng s Mixed, gi nguyn cc tham
s nh mc nh.
Chn phm Start. Nu bn mun, th di chuyn sang Monitor page
v quan st qu trnh Optimizer.
Dng mol ti u khong 1800 lbmol/h thu c t dng nguyn
liu E 101 Feed, tng ng vi UA tng vo khong 1.43e5
Btu/F-h. So snh vi gi tr c thit lp khong 1.5e5 Btu/F-h
trong phn u tin ca v d ny.

11.6 Ti liu tham kho

1. Box, M.J. "A New method of Constrained Optimization and a
Comparison with other Methods", Computer J., 8, 42-45, 1965.
2. Press, W.H., et al., "Numerical Recipes in C", Cambridge
university Press, 1988.
3. Kuester, J.L. and Mize, J.H., "Optimization Techniques with
FORTRAN", McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1973.
4. Harwell Subroutine Library, Release 10, Advanced Computing
Dept., AEA Industrial Technology, Harwell laboratory, England,
1990.
5. Powell, M.J.D., "A Fast Algorithm for Non-Linearly Constrained
Optimization Calculations", Numerical Analysis, Dundee, 1977,
Lecture Notes in Math. 630, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
6. Chamberlain R.M. and Powell, M.J.D., "The Watchdog
technique for Forcing Convergence in Algorithms for Constrained
Optimization", Mathematical Programming Study, 16, 1-17, 1982.

20

www.thuvien247.net

Chu trnh lm lnh Propane

Gii thiu chung

H thng lm lnh rt ph bin trong cng nghip sn xut kh t
nhin v trong nhng qu trnh c lin quan trong cng ngh lc
du, ho du v cng nghip ho hc. Qu trnh lm lnh c s
dng h nhit ca kh xung nhit im sng ca
hydrocarbon v sn xut cc nhin liu lng c th thy trn th
trng tiu dng hng ngy.
Trong bi ny, chng ta s i vo xy dng, chy, phn tch v iu
khin h thng m phng chu trnh lm lnh Propane. Sau s
chuyn bn m phng hon chnh (Case) sang mt m hnh
(Template), t n c th kt ni vi cc bn thit k m phng
khc.
Cc mc tiu nghin cu
Khi hon thnh phn y, chng ta s c th:
- Nhp v kt ni cc thit b thnh mt lu trnh
- S dng giao din ha iu khin cc lu trnh trong
HYSYS
- Hiu cch truyn thng tin xui-ngc trong HYSYS
- Chuyn case m phng thnh m hnh
Cc yu cu ban u
Trc khi bt u vo phn ny chng ta phi bit cc cch :
- Thit lp mt Fluid Package
- Thit lp cc dng
- S dng giao din bn ghi (workbook)

www.thuvien247.net

Xy dng m phng
Bc u tin trong xy dng bt k bn m phng no l thit lp
Fluid Package. Di y l hng dn s lc cch thit lp 1
Fluid Package v nhp cc dng. xem chi tit hn, cc bn c
th xem Defining the Simulation Basis, Module 1, phn thit lp
dng.
Thit lp c s m phng
1. To New case v nhp Fluid Package
2. Nhp cc gi tr sau trong cc ca s Fluid Package

3. Nhp chut vo phm Enter Simulation Environment khi bn

hon tt vic khai bo v bt u xy dng m phng.
Thit lp dng
C nhiu cch to ra cc dng. (xem li semina 1, phn thit lp
dng).
2

www.thuvien247.net
- Nhp vo phm nng <F11> s xut hin bng trng thi, tnh
cht ca dng.
- Hoc c th kch p vo biu tng Stream (Dng) trong
Object Pallete (bng cc biu tng m phng thit b).
Thit lp cc dng cn thit:
Nhp mt dng vi cc gi tr cn thit sau:

Nhp dng th hai vi cc tnh cht sau:

p sut ca dng 1 l bao nhiu?

Nhp cc thit b vn hnh vo lu trnh
Cng ging nh vic thit lp cc dng, c nhiu cch nhp cc
thit b vn hnh trong HYSYS:
S dng

Thc hin thao tc

Menu Bar

T bng Flowsheet, chn Add Operation hoc

nhn phm nng <F12>, ca s cc thit b vn
hnh s xut hin.

Workbook

M Workbook v n trang UnitOps, sau

nhp chut vo phm Add UnitOp, ca s cc
thit b vn hnh s xut hin.

Object Palette

T bng Flowssheet, chn Open Object

Palette, hoc nhn <F4>. Kch p vo biu
tng thit b vn hnh bn mun nhp.

PFD/ Object
Palette

S dng chut phi, ko cc biu tng t

Object Palette sang PFD
3

www.thuvien247.net
Chu trnh lm lnh Propane bao gm 4 thit b:
Van
Chiller
My nn
Thit b ngng t
Trong bi ny, chng ta s nhp tng thit b vi cc cch thit lp
khc nhau.
Nhp van J-T
Van J-T c s dng m phng cho cc van trong HYSYS. Dng
vo van l dng ra t thit b ngng t. Dng ra thit b ngng t
nhit im bt ca n.
Van c nhp bng cch nhn phm nng <F12>
1. Nhp vo phm nng <F12>, ca s UnitOpts s hin th:

C th chn lc nhanh
hn Available
Unit Operations bng
cch chn t Category
ph hp. Trong trng
hp ny Piping
Equipment s bao
gm Valve

2. Chn Valve t bng Available Unit Operations.

3. Kch vo phm Add. Bng tnh cht ca bm s xut hin.
4. Trn trang Connections, cung cp ng ni dng vo v dng
ra nh biu din bng sau:

www.thuvien247.net

Cc hp ko th nh
vi cc dng nguyn
liu v sn phm, cha
danh sch cc dng
kt ni vi thit b
c m phng.

Nhp Chiller
Thit b Chiller trong vng lm lnh Propane m phng trong
HYSYS s dng thit b gia nhit. Dng ra khi thit b Chiller
nhit im sng.
Phng php ny m t cch nhp 1 thit b gia nhit s dng trang
UnitOps ca Workbook
1. M Workbook v kch vo tab UnitOps
2. Nhp vo phm Add UnitOp, ca s UnitOps s xut hin
3. Chn Heat Transfer Equipment t nhm Categories
4. Chn Heater t danh sch Available Unit Operations

5. Kch vo phm Add, hoc kch p vo Heater. Bng tnh cht

ca thit b gia nhit s hin th.
6. Trn trang Connections, nhp cc thng tin nh sau:

www.thuvien247.net

7. Chuyn sang trang Parameters.

8. Nhp gi tr Delta P l 7.0 kPa (1psi) v gi tr cng sut (Duty)
l 1.00e + 06 kJ/h (1.00e+06 Btu/hr) cho Chiller.

Trang Parameters
chung cho hu ht cc
thit b v cha cc
thng s nh gim
p (delta P), Cng
sut (Duty) v Hiu
sut (Efficiency).

9. ng bng hin th tnh cht li

Lu lng mol ca propane l bao nhiu ?
chnh p qua van J-T l bao nhiu ?
Nhit dng ra khi van (dng 2) l bao nhiu ?
t con tr chut
vo biu tng my
nn trong Object
Palette, nhp p v
a vo s PFD

Nhp my nn
My nn c s dng lm tng p sut ca dng kh vo.

www.thuvien247.net
Phng php ny m t cch nhp my nn s dng Object Palette.
Object Palette l bng cha ton b cc dng v cc thit b vn
hnh s dng m phng trong HYSYS.
1. Nhp vo phm nng <F4>, bng Object Palete s xut hin.
2. Kch p vo biu tng my nn, bng tnh cht ca my nn
s c hin th.
Biu tng
my nn

3. Trn trang Conections, nhp cc thng tin v dng biu din

trong hnh sau

4. Hon thnh trang Parameter nh sau:

www.thuvien247.net
Nhp thit b ngng t
y l thit b cui cng trong chu trnh lm lnh Propane. Thit b
ny c t gia My nn v van v n c m phng nh 1
thit b lm lnh.
Lm vic vi biu din ha, bn c th xy dng lu trnh ca
bn trong PFD bng cch s dng chut thit lp v kt ni cc
thit b. Phng php ny m t cch nhp v kt ni thit b lm
lnh s dng k thut ko-th (Drag n Drop) trong Object Palete.
Phng php ko-th (Drag n Drop) trong PFD:
1. Nhn vo biu tng Cooler trong Object Palete.
Biu tng thit
b ngng t
(Cooler)

2. Di chuyn con tr n PFD. Con tr s chuyn sang 1 dng con

tr c bit (l hnh 1 chic hp c gn biu tng 1 du cng).
Chic hp s xc nh kch thc v v tr ca biu tng thit b
lm mt.
3. Nhp chut tri a thm thit b lm mt vo PFD.
C 2 cch kt ni thit b vi 1 dng trong PFD :
Phng php kt ni s Thc hin thao tc...
dng...
Phm dch chuyn
Attach Mode

1. Nhp vo phm dch chuyn Attach

Mode.
2. t con tr ln trn thit b. im kt
ni dng nguyn liu c nh du
bng mu xanh m.
3. Dch chuyn con tr n dng m ta
mun kt ni
4. Nhp v gi chut tri.
5. Dch chuyn con tr n biu tng
thit b v nh chut.

Phm <Ctrl>

1. Nhp v gi phm <Ctrl> v dch

chuyn con tr n thit b vn hnh.
2. t con tr n dng m chng ta
mun kt ni.
3. Nhp v gi chut tri.
4. Dch chuyn con tr n biu tng
thit b, nh chut v phm <Ctrl>.
8

www.thuvien247.net
5.

T PFD, kt ni dng 4 vi dng vo thit b ngng t v kt

ni dng ra thit b ngng t vi dng 1.

6.

Kch p vo thit b ngng t.

7.

Trn trang Parameter, nhp gi tr Delta p l 35 kPa (5 psi).

Cng sut my nn l bao nhiu hp?

Lu Case va hon thnh

www.thuvien247.net
iu chnh PFD
PFD c thit k bng cch s dng chut v bn phm. C rt
nhiu cc trng hp m c chut hay bn phm u c th s dng
thc hin cng 1 chc nng. Nhng c 1 chc nng PFD rt
quan trng m bn phm khng th s dng c, l kim tra i
tng (Object Inspection).
Chng ta th s dng rt nhiu cc thao tc v th thut trn cc
biu tng trong PFD bng cch s dng kim tra i tng
(Object Inspection). t con tr chut trn biu tng m bn mun
kim tra v nhp chut phi. Khi s hin th cc bng tng ng
ph thuc vo biu tng m bn la chn (nh dng, thit b phn
ng, thp...).
Mt danh sch cc i tng m ta c th kim tra c cho di
y vi cc danh mc tng ng :

10

www.thuvien247.net

Ty chnh PFD bng cch thc hin :

1. Nhp Title, Propane Refrigeration Loop.
2. Nhp Workbook Table cho cc dng vt liu trong m phng.
3. Nhp Table cho dng 4

11

www.thuvien247.net
Lu bn m phng (Case) thnh m hnh (Template)
Mt tnh nng kh hu ch na ca HYSYS l kh nng lu li
thnh cc m hnh (Template).
Mt cch c bn, mt m hnh l mt lu trnh hon chnh m c
th lu tr vo a vi cc thng tin b sung . Cc thng tin ny gn
lin vi vic nh km vo lu trnh nh vic vn hnh mt lu
trnh con. Mt m hnh i din cho mt module qu trnh ca nh
my hay mt phn ca mt module. M hnh c lu tr c th
c c t a sau v c ci t hiu qu nh mt lu trnh
con hon chnh c th vn hnh nhiu ln vi nhiu qu trnh m
phng khc nhau.
Mt vi li ch ca vic s dng cc m hnh l :
- Cung cp cng c m nh 2 hay nhiu case c th c
kt ni vi nhau.
- C th s dng nhiu h nhit ng khc nhau trong mt case
m phng chnh.
- Cung cp mt phng php thun tin trong vic chia nh
mt bn m phng ln thnh cc phn n hn v d dng
qun l cc cu t.
- C th ch cn to mt ln v c th s dng nhiu ln cho
nhiu case khc nhau.
Trc khi chuyn case thnh template th case cn phi c
lm ng nht n c th c s dng trong nhiu nh my ch
bin kh vi cc cc lu lng khc nhau. Trong phn ny, cng
sut ca Chiller iu chnh lu lng ca Propane c yu cu.
1. Xa gi tr cng sut ca Chiller.
2. T bng Simulation chn Main Properties

12

www.thuvien247.net

3. Nhp vo phm Convert to Template

4. Nhp phm Yes chuyn Case m phng sang Template.
5. Tr li No vi cu hi Do you want to save the simulation
case.
6. Lu Template thnh file C3Loop.tpl.
Phn tch kt qu
Phn ny m t cch ly ra v in cc kt qu ca thit b vn hnh.
In cc bn d liu k thut cho cc thit b vn hnh
Trong HYSYS c th in kt qu bng:
ci t my in,
chn Printer Setup t
File Menu, sau
hoc Graphic Printer
hoc Report Printer.

- Menu Bar
- Object Inspection of Unit Operations
- Report Manager
* S dng Menu Bar:
Chn mt trong nhng la chn sau t File menu

Chn lnh in khi

PFD ang hin th
s in bn PFD,
khng c cc bn
s liu km theo.

Print cc danh sch ca cc d liu k thut hin th i vi

thit b vng hnh hin ti. Chng ta c th nh du 1 d liu
k thut v c th xem hoc in d liu .

13

www.thuvien247.net

Print Snapshot in nh nh phn (bitmap) ca ca s HYSYS

ang hin th.
* S dng Object Inspection:
Nhp chut phi vo thit b vn hnh, hin th bng tnh cht, la
chn Print Datasheet. 1 danh sch cc Datablock c hin th cho
i tng.
* S dng Report Manager:
1. T Menu Bar, chn Tools, ri nhp vo Report truy nhp vo
bng Report Manger

2. Nhp vo phm Creat v nhp 1 Report mi v m Report

Builder.

14

www.thuvien247.net
3. Kch vo phm Insert Datasheet nhp cc d liu va bo
co. Chng ta c th nhp d liu ca nhiu hay 1 thit b vn hnh
vo 1 bo co:

Nhp thng tin thit b vn hnh vo Workbook

Mi Workbook c 1 trang UnitOps mc nh m n hin th tt c
cc thit b vn hnh v cc kt ni ca chng vi m phng.
Chng ta c th nhp cc trang b sung cho cc thit b vn hnh
ring vo trong Workbook. V d, ta c th nhp 1 trang vo
Workbook m ch cha cc my nn trong m phng.
Cch nhp 1 Unit Operation tab vo Workbook:
1. M Workbook
2. T Menu Bar, chn Workbook, sau nhp vo Set up
3. Trong ca s Set up, nhp vo phm Add trong nhm Workbook
Tabs.
4. T giao din New Object Type chn Rotating Equipment v
m rng danh sch ny, chn Compressor.
5. Nhp OK. Trang mi, Compressor ch cha thng tin ca my
nn c nhp vo workbook.
6. ng ca s ny li thot khi Setup

15

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp p vo cc
dng c du +s
m rng chn
thit b c th

Nhp thng tin thit b vn hnh vo PFD

Ghi nh rng bn c
th thao tc Object
Inspect bng cch
chn object v sau
nhp phm chut
phi.

Vi mi thit b vn hnh, ta c th hin th mt bng tnh cht

(Property Table) trn PFD. Bng tnh cht cha cc thng tin mc
nh bit v thit b vn hnh.
Cch nhp thng tin thit b vn hnh vo PFD
1. M PFD.
2. Chn thit b vn hnh m bn mun nhp bng tnh cht.
3. Kch chut phi vo thit b vn hnh.
4. Chn Show Table menu
5. Sau khi bng c nhp, ta c th di chuyn n bng cch chn
n ri ko bng chut.
6. Nu nhp chut phi vo Table, ta c th thay i cc tnh cht
ca n v s xut hin. ta cng c th ch r bng c th ch ra bin
s no.

16

www.thuvien247.net
M phng nng cao
Mt trong cc hng thit k cha kha ca HYSYS l lm th
no kt hp cc modul vn hnh vi gii php thut ton khng
tun t. Khng ch x l cc thng tin m bn cung cp ban u, m
c cc kt qu tnh ton c t ng truyn i theo theo ton b
lu trnh theo c chiu xui v chiu ngc. Cu trc module ca
cc thit b vn hnh c ngha rng ta c th tnh ton trc tip,
hay cng c th tnh ton bng cch s dng thng tin t mt dng
ra tnh cho iu kin ca dng vo. Hng thit k ny c th
c minh ha bng vic s dng chu trnh lm lnh Propane

Ban u, thng tin cp cho case ch l nhit v phn hi cho cc

dng 1 v 3 v thnh phn ca dng 1. Khi nhit , phn hi v v
tr ca dng 1 bit, HYSYS s s dng t ng phng php
tnh nhanh v xc nh cc tnh cht cn li (nh p sut, enthalpy
t do, khi lng ring), nhng gi tr ph thuc vo dng.
Khi dng 1 v 2 c lin kt vi valve, J-T, u tin HYSYS xc
nh thng tin bit vi c dng vo v dng ra. Sau n s gn
cc gi tr ny vo cc dng khc. Trong trng hp ny, khi khng
c chnh p ca valve c xc nh, ch c thnh phn v
enthalpy t do ca dng 1 bng vi cc gi tr ny ca dng 2.
Bng cch lin kt dng 2 v dng 3 vo thit b gia nhit, Chiller,
thnh phn ca dng 2 s c a n dng 3 (100% C3). HYSYS
lc ny c th tnh nhanh trn dng 3 v xc nh cc tnh cht cn
li (nhng tnh cht ph thuc vo dng nh p sut, enthalpy).

17

www.thuvien247.net
S dng p sut tnh ton ca dng 3 v gim p qua Heater
bit, HYSYS tnh li p sut ca dng 2. Sau khi p sut, thnh
phn v enthalpy t do ca dng 2 bit, v valve ng enthalpy,
HYSYS c th tnh nhit ca dng 2.
Ngoi ra, HYSYS s dng cng sut thit b gia nhit bit v
enthalpy t do ca dng 2 v 3 tnh ton lu lng, l i lng
ca c 3 dng 1, 2, 3.
Sau , my nn c nhp vo m phng. Sau khi tt c thng tin
dng vo bit, my nn ch cn li 2 bc t do. Cc gi tr nh
hiu sut, cng sut, hoc p sut ca ra c th p ng 1 bc t do.
Bc t do cn li n t thit b ngng t.
Thit b ngng t kt ni dng ra my nn vi dng vo Valve (gi
tr ny c xc nh hon ton). Ngi s dng cung cp
gim p ca thit b ngng t, v HYSYS tnh ton p sut dng
vo, m y cng l gi tr p sut dng ra ca my nn (bc t do
th 2 ca my nn).

Thc hnh m phng

Bi tp 1:
BI TP

Trong nh my, bn khng th o c hay tnh ton chnh xc cng

sut Chiller. Tuy nhin bn bit rng my nn c nh mc l
250hp, chy 90% mc cao nht vi hiu sut 72%. Vy cng sut
Chiller l bao nhiu?
ng h o dng kh vo Chiller cui cng c kim nh v
bn c th xc nh cng sut ca Chiller. Nh my quyt nh tng
cng sut Chiller ln 1,5MMBTU/hr. vi my nn chy cng m
lc (250hp), nhit Chiller tt nht m bn mong i l bao
nhiu?
Bi tp 2: Thnh phn mi cht lm lnh
Nh cung cp propane bn cho nh my ca bn hn hp
Propane/Ethane (95/5 % mol). Cc nh hng g s xy ra nu c
i vi thnh phn mi ny trong chu trnh lm lnh?
18

www.thuvien247.net
S dng case gc so snh:

Bi tp nng cao: Lm lnh hai cp

Thit lp chu trnh lnh hai cp
BI TP

19

www.thuvien247.net

Nh my lm lnh kh
Ni dung
Trong m phng ny, m hnh ha mt phin bn n gin ca nh
my lm lnh kh. Mc ch cng ngh tch kh nhit thp, ti
nhit im sng ca hydrocacbon. Kh kh c nhit im
sng khng vt qu -15oC 6000 kPa. Kh nguyn liu vo c
lm lnh hai cp, u tin qua thit b trao i nhit kh-kh vi
dng kh kh sn phm, sau vo cng on lm lnh bng
Propan. Trng thi cn bng c s dng tnh ton nhit
im sng ca dng hi sn phm 6000 kPa

Mc ch
Khi hon thnh bi ny, bn c th:
- Ci t v la chn loi thit b trao i nhit
- Hiu c cc cng c h tr tnh ton trong hysys logical
Balance (cn bng) v Adjust (hiu chnh)
- S dng thanh cng c thao tc trn case m phng

Yu cu
Trc khi bt u bi ny bn cn phi bit cch:
- To mt Fluid Package
- Thm dng
- Thm cc thit b vn hnh trong PFD

Qui trnh chung

www.thuvien247.net
Xy dng m phng
Xc nh c s m phng (Simulation Basic)
Trong case ny s s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng Robinson
vi thnh phn sau N2, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, nC5, C6, C7+* v H2O.
1. Bt u mt case mi
2. Nhp the Fluid Package, GasPlant, lu trong module 1
Nhp dng v thit b
Nhp dng nguyn liu (feed stream)
Nhp dng nguyn liu vi cc gi tr di y:
Trong ny:

Nhp gi tr sau:

Name

to Refrig

Temperature

15oC (60oF)

Pressure

6200 kPa (900 psia)

Flow Rate

1440 kgmole/h (3175 lbmol/hr)

Thnh phn phn mol cc cu t

N2

0.0066

H2S

0.0003

CO2

0.0003

C1

0.7575

C2

0.1709

C3

0.0413

i-C4

0.0068

n-C4

0.0101

i-C5

0.0028

n-C5

0.0027

C6

0.0006

C7+

0.0001

H2O

www.thuvien247.net
Nhp thit b tch (Separator)
C vi cch a thit b vo s . thc hin, xem Adding
Unit Operations to a Flowsheet, Module 2
- n phm nng F12, chn thit b m phng cn thit t nhm
thit b sn c.
- Kch p vo biu tng thit b m phng trong Object Palette
Thm thit b tch v nhp cc thng tin sau vo cc tng ng
Trong ny:

Nhp thng tin sau:

Name

Inlet Gas Sep

Feed

To Refrig

Vapour Outlet

Inlet Sep Vap

Liquid Outlet

Inlet Sep Liq

Thm thit b trao i nhit (heat exchanger)

Thit b trao i nhit thc hin tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn
Biu tng
thit b trao i nhit bng nng lng. Thit b trao i nhit c th tnh ton nhit ,

p sut, dng nhit (bao gm c tn tht v mt mt nhit), lu

lng dng vt cht v UA
1. Kch p vo nt thit b trao i nhit trn Object Palette
2. Trn Conections Page nhp cc thng tin di y

Cc dng ti Tube
Side v Shell Side c
th t cc Flowsheet
khc nhau, v vy
bn c th s dng
Steam package cho
side ny v PR cho
side kia ca trao i
nhit.

www.thuvien247.net
3. Chuyn sang Parameters Page. Hon thnh trang ny nh
trong hnh di y. S chnh lch p sut gia thnh ng v
lp v trong thc t tng ng l 5 psi v 1 psi

M hnh thit b trao i nhit xc nh nh sau:

- Weight (Phng php khi lng): Cc ng cong gia
nhit b ct thnh cc khong nh, trong c s trao i
nng lng ring bit. LMTD v UA c tnh ton cho mi
khong trong ng cong nhit v tng cng s trao i nhit
UA ton phn. Phng php khi lng ch ng cho loi
thit b trao i nhit ngc dng (Counter-Current).
- Endpoint : LMTD v UA c tnh ton t ch dng vo,
dng ra. Trng hp n gin, khi khng c s thay i pha
v Cp gn bng hng s th la chn ny l ph hp.
4. Vo Specs Page
Trong trnh t tnh ton thit b trao i nhit, cc tham s cha bit
(lu lng dng, nhit ) c iu khin bng chng trnh
tnh. Mi tham s c trng s lm gim s bc t do i mt. S
tham s c trng phi bng s bin cha bit. Trong case s bc t
do bng 0 v s c tnh ton.
Hai tham s c trng cn cho thit b trao i nhit:
- Cn bng nhit bng 0, y l sai lch ca tham s c trng
m bo cho phng trnh cn bng nhit. y l cc tham s mc
4

www.thuvien247.net
nh, lun lun c th c thm bi Hysys v vy bn khng cn
phi cung cp chng.
- Gi tr nh nht xp x 5oC, y l chnh lch nhit thp nht
gia dng nng v dng lnh.
5. u tin bn cn b kch hot tham s UA, lm c iu
ny bn cn kch vo Active, chn hp thoi cho tham s UA
6. Thm tham s, n nt Add, c bng hin th cc tham s

7. Cung cp cc thng tin di y:

Trong ny

Nhp thng tin

Name

Temp Approach

Type

Min Approach

Pass

Overall

Spec Value

5C (10F)

Khi bn thay i loi tham s, bng thng bo s thay i theo.

Thng tin c cung cp mt ln, thng bo s nh sau:

Lu lng ca dng kh ti b lm lnh l bao nhiu?

www.thuvien247.net
Hon thnh m phng
Thm hai thit b vo s khi hon thnh m phng
1. Thm b lm lnh (cooler), cung cp cc thng tin di y
Trong ny

Nhp thng tin

Connections
Name

Chiller

Feed Stream

Gas to Chiller

Product Stream

Gas to LTS

Energy Stream

Chiller Q

Parameters
Pressure Drop

35 kPa (5 psia)

2. Thm thit b tch (seperator), vi cc thng tin di y

Trong ny

Nhp thng tin

Connections
Name

LTS

Feed Stream

Gas to LTS

Vapour Outlet

LTS Vap

Liquid Outlet

LTS Liq

tnh ton thit b tch LTS yu cu cung cp nhng

thng tin g?
Nhit nguyn liu LTS s khc nhau, s dng cng c (Adjust)
hiu chnh trong mc sau tm ra nhit im sng, gi tr
nhit ca dng Gas to LTS l -20oC ( -4oF).

p sut ca Sales Gas l bao nhiu?

Nhit ca Sales Gas l bao nhiu?

www.thuvien247.net
Thm Balance (cn bng)
Tnh ton cn bng cung cp mc tiu chung ca c trng cn
bng nhit v vt cht. C cc loi cn bng khc nhau trong Hysys.
- Mole - cn bng tng cng c thc hin khi lu lng
dng phn t trong mi thnh phn c bo ton. Dng ra
c lu lng v thnh phn ging nh dng vo, nhng
khng bao gm thnh phn hi, gi tr nhit hoc p sut.
- Khi lng (mass) - cn bng tng cng thc hin ch khi
bo ton khi lng dng. Dng ra s khng bao gm thnh
phn, thnh phn hi, nhit , hoc p sut
- Nhit (heat) - cn bng tng cng c thc hin khi dng
nhit bo ton
- Mole v nhit (mole and heat) - cn bng tng cng c
thc hin khi dng nhit v dng mole c bo ton
Xem xt cc tham s cho kh sn phm (Sales Gas). Cc tham s
dng hi c tnh ton, v vy bn khng c cch no c th
tnh nhit im sng ca dng 6000 kPa. Thm cn bng
mole, bn c th to ra dng hi th hai vi lu lng mole v
thnh phn nh Sales Gas nhng khng c cng thnh phn hi,
nhit hoc p sut
1. Kch p vo biu tng Balance trn Object Palette
Biu tng Balance

2. Thm cc thng tin sau

Trong ny

Balance s khng
tnh ton tr khi
Auto Calculation
c chn
trong check box

Nhp thng tin

Connections
Name

Mole

Inlet Stream

Sales Gas

Outlet Stream

HC Dewpoint

Auto Calculation

On

3. t gi tr p sut 6000 kPa (875 psia) cho nhit im sng

ca hi HC
4. t thnh phn hi tnh nhit im sng

www.thuvien247.net
Nhit im sng l g?
Nhit im sng yu cu l -15oC, nhit im sng hin
ti cao hn hay thp hn?
Gi s p sut c nh, thng s khc nh hng th no n
nhit im sng?
Thay i nhit im sng nh th no trong m phng?

Thm Adjust (hiu chnh)

Tnh ton hiu chnh l tnh ton logic, tnh ton ton hc hn l vt
l. N s bin i gi tr cc bin ca mt dng hi (bin c lp),
t gi tr yu cu hoc tham s (bin ph thuc) ca dng hi
khc hoc thit b m phng khc.
Biu tng Adjust

1. Kch p vo biu tng Adjust trn Object Palette, giao din

tnh cht ca Adjust s c hin th

Bin c hiu
chnh lun lun s
dng cc gi tr
c ngi dng
nhp vo.

2. Bm phm Select Var... trong nhm Adjusted Variable m

Variable Navigator.

www.thuvien247.net
3. T danh sch Object chn Gas to LTS, t danh sch Variable
ang hin th trn giao din chn Temperature

4. Bm OK chp nhn bin v tr li giao din ca Adjust

5. Bm phm Select Vartrong Target Variable
6. Chn nhit im sng trong Target Variable
7. Nhp gi tr -15oC ( 5oF) trong hp Specified Target Value
8. Hon thnh Connections Tab c ch ra hnh sau:

9. Chuyn sang Parameters Tab, v cc tham s gi tr mc nh

www.thuvien247.net

Ch cc gi tr Tolerance v Step Size. Khi chn khong tnh

thng s dng khong rng hn khong hp, nh trong hnh trn
khong nhit s dng l 10oC. Phng php Secant thc hin
nhanh hn, thng c s dng ph bin.
10. n phm Start bt u tnh ton
11. xem kt qu tnh ca Adjust, vo Monitor Page

10

www.thuvien247.net
Nhit u ra ca b lm lnh bng bao nhiu t c
nhit im sng cho?

Lu li case m bn hon thnh.

Chuyn case thnh template v lu li.

Phn tch cc kt qu
Sau khi ghi template, bn hy ng template li v m case
c lu li v phn tch cc kt qu nhn c.

S dng Case Study

Thanh cng c Case Study dn bn ti m hnh tnh p ng cc
thng s cng ngh quan trng thay i trong qu trnh. Bn chn
mt bin c lp thay i v cc bin ph thuc khc. HYSYS
tnh ton ng thi cc bin ph thuc, vi mi thay i, cc bin
ph thuc c tnh ton.
Thay cho vic s dng cng c Adjust tm ra nhit nguyn
liu LTS cn thit t c nhit im sng ca
hydrocacbon, bn c th s dng Case Study kim tra khong
nhit ca LTS v cc nhit im sng
Trc khi ci t Case Study phi tt Adjust n khng xung t
Bt k mt thit b vi Case Study
hoc cng c tnh
ton no s c
loi khi chn
Ignore trong hp
thoi

1. M bng thng bo hiu chnh Adjust

2. Chn Ignored trong hp thoi
3. ng bng thng bo hiu chnh
4. T danh sch cc thanh cng c chn Databook hoc s
dng phm nng Ctrl+D m Databook

11

www.thuvien247.net

C bin c lp
v bin ph
thuc u nhp
vo Databook t
Variables Tab

5. Trn Variables tab, bm vo phm Insert m Variable

Navigator
6. Chn Gas to LTS Temperature nh bin u tin
7. Bm phm Add nhp thm bin. Thao tc ny s ri trong
Variable Navigator thm vo bin th hai
8. Chn HC Dewpoint Temperature v bm phm Add
9. ng bng thng bo ny tr v Databook
10. Trong mc Databook, chuyn ti Case Studies tab
11. Bm phm Add thm mt Case Study mi
12. Chn Gas to LTS Temperature nh mt bin c lp (Ind)
HC Dewpoint Temperature nh l bin ph thuc (Dep)

12

www.thuvien247.net
13. Bm phm View ci t Case Study
14. Nhp cc gi tr cho Low Bound, High Bound, Step Size
tng ng vi -25oC (-20oF), 5oC (10oF) v 5oC (10oF)

15. Bm phm Start bt u tnh ton

Khong nhit no s tho mn gi tr nhit im

sng ca hydrocacbon?

Nh vy Bn hon thnh vi Case Study, tnh ton bng cng

c Adjust khi khng chn Ignored trong hp thoi.

13

www.thuvien247.net
M hnh ha nng cao
Kt ni chu trnh lm lnh Propan vi nh my x l kh
Bn hon thnh v d v nh my lm lnh kh, bn c th kt
ni n vi chu trnh lm lnh Propan.
Cng sut ca b lm lnh, Chiller Q trong nh my x l kh s
c kt ni vi cng sut ca b lm lnh Chill-Q trong chu trnh
lm lnh Propan
1. Kch p vo biu tng Sub- Flowsheet trn Object Palette
Biu tng
Sub- Flowsheet

2. Chn phm Read an Existing Template

3. M file Template lu trong Module 2 C3Loop.tpl
4. Trong nhm Feed Connections to Sub-Flowsheet, ni
External Stream, Chiller Q vi Internal Stream Chill Q

Khi hon thnh vic kt ni, c hai dng (Internal v External) s c

chung mt tn l dng External Stream.

Lu lng dng propane trong Chu trnh lm lnh l bao nhiu?

14

www.thuvien247.net
Luyn tp vi m phng

Bi tp 1
Gi tr UA cho thit b trao i nhit kh-kh l 2e5 kJ/C.h. To
nhng thay i cn thit vi thit k thit b trao i nhit ca bn
t c gi tr UA ny. N nh hng th no n LMTD v
nhit gn ng?

Thc hnh
Trong xy dng nh my lm lnh kh v chu trnh m lnh bng
Propan, bn quyt nh nhng vic lm n gin v thm vo tnh
ton b lm lnh n trong m hnh tnh ca thit b trao i nhit
kiu ng v v, l nhng vn thc t trong nh my. Nhng bi
tp n gin ny l nhng vic s b ban u. By gi, ng ch ca
bn mun bn thay th b lm lnh vi thit b trao i nhit kiu
ng v v.
Nh rng HYSYS s gip bn kt ni cc dng t Flowsheet khc
ti thit b trao i nhit. S dng chc nng ny, bn c th tnh
ton gii quyt vn ny ch vi mt thit b trao i nhit trong
nh my lm lnh kh

15

www.thuvien247.net

Chng ct phn on NGL

Ni dung
Natural-Gas Liquid (NGL) thu c t kh t nhin, trong qu trnh
x l kh t nhin. Mc ch l :
Vn chuyn kh (khng cn cc hydrocacbon nng ngng t
trong ng ng).
p ng c tnh k thut ca kh thng phm
Thu c ti a sn phm lng (sn phm lng c gi tr hn
so vi sn phm kh).
HYSYS c th m hnh ha trong phm vi rng vi cc thit b c
cu hnh khc nhau. Trong bi ny, nh my NGL s bao gm ba
loi thp chnh:
Thp tch metan De-Methanizer (ch vn hnh v m
hnh ging nh thp Reboiler Absorber)
Thp tch Etan De-Ethanizer (thp chng luyn Distilation)
Thp tch Propan De-Propanizer (thp chng luyn
Distilation)

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh xong bi ny bn c th :
Nhp cc thng s cho thp bng Input Experts.
Nhp cc tham s cho cc thp nu trn.

Yu cu
hon thnh cc bi:
Gas 1 - Getting Started
Gas 2 - Propane Refrigeration Loop
Gas 3 - Refrigerated Gas Plant
1

www.thuvien247.net
S cng ngh

S thp
DC1 - De-Methanizer

www.thuvien247.net
DC2 - De-Ethanizer

DC3 - De-Propanizer

www.thuvien247.net
Xy dng m phng
To lp c s m phng
1. M case mi (New case).
2. Chn Peng Robinson EOS.
3. Nhp cc cu t : N2, CO2, C1 - C8.
4. Vo Simulation Environment.

Nhp cc dng nguyn liu

1. Nhp dng nguyn liu th nht vi cc s liu sau:

www.thuvien247.net
2. Nhp tip dng nguyn liu th hai vi cc thng tin sau:

Nhp cc thp
De-Methanizer
De-Methanizer hot ng ging nh reboiled absorber, c 2 dng
nguyn liu v mt dng nng lng (cho reboiler ca thp).
1. Nhp dng nng lng vi cc tham s sau:

www.thuvien247.net
2. Kch p vo biu tng Reboiled Absorber trn Object
Palette. u tin s xut hin giao din Input Expert.
Biu tng thp
Reboiled Absorber

3. Nhp cc thng tin cn thit trong giao din nh hnh sau:

Input Expert cung

cp cc giao din
tng bc thit lp
thp.

4. Bm phm Next sang trang tip theo.

5. Cung cp cc gi tr p sut gi nh. Nu s dng h n v Anh
M th gi tr ca Top Stage Pressure v Reboiler Pressure ln lt
l 330 psia v 335 psia (trong hnh l cc gi tr theo h SI).

Phm Next ch c gi
tr khi cung cp
y cc thng tin
cn thit.

6. Bm phm Next sang trang tip theo.

www.thuvien247.net
7. Nhp cc gi tr nhit gi nh nh trong hnh di y.
Trong h n v Anh M nhit ca Top Stage Pressure v
Reboiler Pressure l -125oF v 80oF.

Nhit gi nh
khng cn thit
tnh ton thp,
nhng n s c
thm vo trong
qu trnh hi t.

8. Bm phm Next tip tc.

9. Trong case ny, s khng cn cung cp thng tin trang cui
cng ca mc Input Expert. Sau bm phm Done.

Thit b Reboiled
Absorber c bn
c DOF n.
Thng s mc nh
l Boilup Ratio.

Khi bm phm Done, HYSYS s m giao din Column Property

View. Truy cp vo Monitor page trong Degign tab nh hnh di
y.
7

www.thuvien247.net

Trc khi thc hin hi t thp, bn chc chn rng cc tham s k

thut c chn y nh trn. Bn s nhp gi tr ca tham s
Ovhd Prod Rate. Trong h n v Anh M l 2950 lbmole/hr. Khi
gi tr ny nhp xong thp s bt u c tnh ton v hi t.

Phn mole ca metan trong DC1 Ovhd l g?

Mc d thp chng hi t, nhng n khng phi lun lun hot

ng c cc tham s lu lng dng. Nhng tham s ny c th
l kt qu ca vic cha hi t thp hoc dng sn phm vi nhng
c tnh khng mong mun nu thay i iu kin dng nguyn liu
vo thp.
Mt cch khc l c th xc nh hoc thnh phn phn on cc
cu t hoc thnh phn thu hi cc cu t trong dng sn phm.
1. Chuyn sang Specs page trong Design tab ca giao din Column
Property view s hin th cc c tnh ca thp.

www.thuvien247.net

2. Bm phm Add trong Column Specifications nhp cc tham

s mi.
3. Chn Column Component Fractions t danh sch ang hin th
nh hnh sau:

www.thuvien247.net
4. Bm phm Add Spec(s) pha di.
5. Nhp y thng tin trong giao din Comp Frac spec nh hnh
sau:

6. Sau khi hon thnh, ng giao din li.

Trong Monitor page ca Column Property view s hin th thng
tin 0 Degrees of Freedom mc d nhp cc thng s. iu
ny c th do cc thng s nhp vo l gi nh v khng phi l
cc thng s c kch hot.
7. Chuyn sang Monitor page. Ngng kch hot Ovhd Prod Rate
v kch hot thng s Component Fraction.

T l sn phm nh DC1 Ovhd nh th no?

Khi thp hi t, bn c th hin th kt qu trn giao din ca

Summary page trong Performance tab nh trong hnh sau:

10

www.thuvien247.net

Pump
Bm s dng a sn phm t y thp De-Methanizer sang
thp De-Ethanizer
Thit lp bm vi cc tham s a ra trong bng sau:

De-Ethanizer
Thp De-Ethanizer ging nh thp chng luyn, vi 16 bc: 14 a
trong thp, cng thit b gia nhit y thp v ngng t nh thp.
Thp lm vic p sut 2760 kPa (400 psia). Sn phm y thp
c t l etan trn propan l 0.01.

11

www.thuvien247.net
1. Kch p vo biu tng Distillation Column trn Object
Palette v nhp thng tin nh trong bng sau:
Biu tng
Distillation Column

2. Bm phm Run thc hin tnh ton thp.

Lu lng ca C2 v C3 trong DC2 Btms nh th no?

C2__________, C3__________, Ratio of C2/C3__________

3. Trong Specs tab, bm phm Add nhp cc tham s mi.

12

www.thuvien247.net
4. Chn Component Ratio t bng specification type v nhp cc
thng tin nh trong bng sau:

5. Trong Monitor tab, ngng kch hot tham s Ovhd Vap Rate v
kch hot tham s t l C2/C3 va mi nhp vo.
Valve
c dng khi yu cu gim p sut ca dng DC2 Btm trc khi
vo y thp cui cng, De-Propanizer.
Thm valve v nhp cc thng s:

De-Propanizer
Thp tch propan l thp chng luyn gm 25 tng: 24 a cng vi
reboiler (ch : ton b lng lng condenser khng tnh l mt
a). Thp lm vic 1620 kPa (235 psia). Thp chng luyn c
hai mc ch. Mc ch u tin l to sn phm nh cha t hn

13

www.thuvien247.net
1.5 % mole ca i-C4 v n-C4. Mc ch th hai l nng
propane trong sn phm y t hn 2 % mole.
1. Nhp Distillation Column v cung cp cc thng tin sau:

Biu tng
Distillation Column

2. Bm phm Run thc hin tnh ton thp.

Phn mol ca C3 trong sn phm nh v

trong sn phm y l bao nhiu?

14

www.thuvien247.net
3. To 2 tham s mi trong Component Fraction cho thp

4. B kch hot tham s Distillate Rate v Reflux Ratio

5. Kch hot tham s khi to iC4+nC4 v C3

Save your case!

Chuyn case sang template v lu!

15

www.thuvien247.net
Advanced Modelling
Thp chng l mt loi c bit ca SubFlowSheet trong Hysys.
SubFlowSheet gm thit b v cc dng, c th thay i thng tin
vi Parent Flowsheet thng qua cc dng c kt ni. T Main
Environment, thp c th l n, a nguyn liu, a sn phm.
Trong nhiu trng hp, bn c th x l chnh xc Column vi
cch thc ny
Column SubFlowsheet c nhiu u im:
c lp vi qu trnh tnh ton thp
Mi trng xy dng thp gip bn to nhng thay i v tp
trung trn thp khng cn tnh ton li ton b Flowsheet.
Kh nng s dng Fluid Packages khc
Hysys cho php bn nh r FluidPackage duy nht cho
Column SubFlowsheet (khc t Main Environment). iu
ny hu ch trong trng hp to lp FluidPackage khc ph
hp hn vi Column (Gas Plant s dng PR c th c c
Amine Contactor v vy c th s dng Amines Property
Package) hoc Column khng s dng tt c cc cu t trong
Main Flowsheet v v vy gim c s lng cu t i vo
thp, nh th tnh ton thp s nhanh hi t.
Thit lp m hnh mi theo yu cu ca ngi thit k

S c mt ca mi tn
mu xanh hng ln
trn thanh cng c
(Button Bar) v trong
mi trng:
Name (COL1) cho
thy rng bn ang
Column SubFlowsheet.

Thm vo , cu hnh mc nh ca thp c th s dng nh

m hnh mu, c th thit lp thp vi cc mc hon thin
theo yu cu ca ngi thit k v nhiu thp c th c m
phng trong mt SubFlowsheet. V d nh mt thp c thay
th Condenser tiu chun bng Heat Exchange, hoc mt
Ketle Reboiler c thay th bng Thermosymphon Reboiler.
Kh nng tnh ton ng thi nhiu thp
Column SubFlowsheet s dng cc php tnh ng thi tt c
cc thao tc trong mt SubFlowsheet. iu cho php
ngi s dng thit lp nhiu thp ni vi nhau trong
SubFlowsheet khng phi s dng n cng c Recycle.

16

www.thuvien247.net
Bn c th vo Column SubFlowsheet bng cch bm phm
Column Environment trn Column Property View. Bn c th tr
li Parent Environment bng cch nhn phm Parent Environment
trn giao din Column Runner view hoc phm Parent Simulation
Environment (mi tn mu xanh hng ln trn) trn Button Bar.

Khm ph vi Simulation
Bi tp th nghim
Sau khi m phng thit b tch Methane, ng ch s yu cu bn s
dng Hysys xc nh h s UA cho DeMethanizer Reboiler. Gi
thit rng c 1000 kgmole/h ca hi bo ha 100 psia cho Shell
Side v c gim p 5 psi trn steam side. Sn phm nh thp
Methane phi l 0.96 (mole)

Nh rng bn cn nhp Water vo danh sch cc cu t, s cn

trong DeMethanizer Column SubFlowsheet

17

www.thuvien247.net

Thu gom kh
Bi ton thc t

Trong v d ny, mt h thng thu gom kh nhiu a hnh khc

nhau c m phng bi Hysys. Cc thng s vt l ca h
thng thu gom kh c th hin trn bn . H thng ny bao
gm 4 ging khai thc kh nm trong din tch khong 2 km
vung, qua h thng ng dn ti mt nh my kh.
Cc kh trong v d ny rt khc nhau, bao gm c kh chua, kh
ngt v hn hp condensate. Thit b trn hn hp (Mixer) kt
hp tt c cc dng kh t cc ging ti mt ng dn chung ti
nh my kh. Cc ng ng dn thng t trung tm ca cc
ging ring l biu din trn Hysys bi Pipe Segment Operation.
Nh my c t ti ni c a hnh phc tp cao thay i, v
vy cn phi tnh n yu t ny trong h thng ng ng dn
thu gom kh v nh my.
Cc thit b trn hn hp (Mixer) c s dng ti cc im ni
m cc dng t cc ging ring bit c kt hp v dn vo cc
ng ng chung.
1

www.thuvien247.net
Mc tiu
Khi hon thnh module ny, bn c th s dng Pipe Segment
trong Hysys thit k h thng ng ng.

Yu cu
Bit cch t dng v cc thao tc cn thit.

Tng quan v qu trnh cng ngh

ng knh ca mi nhnh l:
Pipe Branch

Diameter

Branch 1

76.2mm ( 3 )

Branch 2

76.2mm ( 3 )

Branch 3

76.2mm ( 3 )

Branch 4

101.6mm ( 4 )

Branch 5

76.2mm ( 3 )

Branch 6

152mm ( 6 )

Branch 7

152mm ( 6 )

40 ng thp c sp xp a vo s dng cc ni v tt c cc
nhnh c chn su 1m (3 feet). Tt c cc ng ng
khng c v bc bo v.
D liu cao ca cc nhnh ng c cung cp trong bng sau.
Cc nhnh i qua nhng a hnh mp m c chia ra thnh
nhng on nhng im c dc thay i ng k. l
nhng v tr trong mng li c nh du trn gin vi gi
tr cao thay i.

www.thuvien247.net

Branch

Segment

Branch 1

GasWell 1

Branch 2

Branch 4

Branch 6

639 (2095)
645 (2110)

6 (15)

125 (410)

636.5 (2089)

-6.5 (-21)

100 (325)

637 (2090)

0.5 (1)

GasWell 2

614 (2015)
200 (665)

637 (2090)

GasWell 3

23 (75)
63505 (2085)

160 (525)

648 (2125)

12.5 (40)

100 (325)

634 (2080)

-14 (-45)

205 (670)

633 (2077)

-1 (-3)

Branch 1&2

637 (2090)
355 (1165)

633 (2077)

GasWell 4

-4 (-13)
632.5 (2075)

180 (590)

625 (2050)

-7.5 (-25)

165 (540)

617 (2025)

-8 (-25)

Branch 3&4
1

Branch 7

Elevation
Change
Meter (feet)

150 (500)

1
Branch 5

Elevation
Meter
(feet)

1
Branch 3

Length
Meter
(feet)

633 (2077)
300 (985)

617 (2025)

Branch 5&6
1

-16 (-52)
617 (2025)

340 (1115)

604 (1980)

-13 (-45)

www.thuvien247.net

S cng ngh

www.thuvien247.net
Thc hin m phng
H thng thu gom kh a vo nh my s c thit k da trn
phng trnh trng thi Peng Robinson.
Cc cu t c trong Fluid Package c ly t Module 1, Getting
Started nh thnh phn cc cu t nhn c t sc k kh
Cng c th nhp cc cu t t Module 5 (hm lng ca 4 dng
kh t ging khoan khai thc kh). Nhng thnh phn c a vo
trong Fluid Package bao gm N2, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, nC4, i-C5, n-C5, C6, C7+*, H20, NBP[0]78*, NBP[0]162*,
NBP[0]245*, NBP[0]318*, NBP[0]431*
Thng s ca bn dng kh trn c cc gi tr trong bng sau:
GasWell
1

GasWell
2

GasWell
3

GasWell
4

Temperature, C
(F)

40
(105)

45
(115)

43
(110)

35
(95)

Pressure, kPa
(psia)

4135
(600)

3450
(500)

Flow, kgmole/h
(lbmole/hr)

425
(935)

375
(825)

575
(1270)

545
(200)

1. Nhp cc ng ng
Pipe Segment c s dng m phng nhiu dng ng ng
khc nhau t h thng ng ng dn kh mt pha hoc nhiu pha
n nhng h thng ng ng phc tp nhiu nhnh vi nhng
iu kin nhit nghim ngt, cho n nhng vn phc tp ca
ton b h thng. iu cn n hai l thuyt tng quan gim
p sut c ph trin bi Gregory, Aziz, Mandhane, v Beggs,
Brill. Mt l thuyt th 3, OLGAS, cng c gi tr nh phng
php gradient. Bn mc phc tp khc nhau trong nh gi qu
trnh truyn nhit cho php bn tm ra mt gii php vi yu cu
kht khe ng thi khi qut cc gii php gii quyt cc vn
t ra.
5

www.thuvien247.net
The Pipe Segment cung cp 3 cch thc tnh ton: Pressure Drop,
Flow, and Length. Ch thch hp s t ng c la chn ty
thuc vo cc thng tin c cung cp. gii quyt bi ton
ng ng, bn phi cung cp thng tin cn thit thc hin
tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng.
Trong m phng ny, chng ti s dng 7 tuyn ng ring l cho h
thng thu gom kh. Ngoi ra, mi tuyn ng hot ng c th cha
nhiu phn on tng ng vi s tng v gim cao.
2. Nhp tuyn ng u tin
biu tng
Pipe Segment

Nhp p vo biu tng Pipe Segment

Chn Connections page
Trong Connections page, nhp tn ca cc dng vo Feed, dng ra
Product v dng nng lng
Khi hon thnh Connections page nh trong hnh di y:

Chn Parameters page

www.thuvien247.net
Trong trang ny, bn c th la chn phng php gradient c s
dng cho 2 giai on tnh ton dng chy. Cc s la chn l:
Gregory Aziz Mandhane
Beggs and Brill
OLGAS
Tt c ng ng trong v d ny s dng phng php Beggs and
Brill th hin s tng quan gia 2 giai on. Vic gim p sut
trong ng ng c cung cp trn Parameters Page. Trong v d
ny, n c b trng v t tnh ton.
3. Rating tab
Dimensions page
Trn trang Sizing Page, bn m t chiu di cao cho Pipe
Segment. Mi on ng v mi ni c s dng nh l Segment.
xc nh y tnh cht ca on ng ni, bn phi xc nh
y tnh cht ca pipe schedule, diameters, pipe material v gia
s.
ng ng u tin, Branch 1 c chia thnh 3 phn on:
Thm on ng u tin vo h thng bng cch nhn nt Add
Segment. Ch nh cc thng tin cho on ng
In this cell...

Enter...

Fitting/Pipe

Pipe

Length

150 m (500 ft)

Elevation Change

6 m (15 ft)

xc nh ng knh ng nhn nt View Segment

Chn Schedule 40 as the Pipe Schedule
T Available Nominal Diameters group, chn ng knh ng l
76,20 mm (3 inch) v nhn nt xc nhn. ng knh Outer v
Inner s t ng c tnh ton bi Hysys.
S dng default Pipe Material, chn thp cacbon thp v mc nh
Roughness, 4.572e-5 m
7

www.thuvien247.net
Hai chi tit phn on cn hon tt thng s cc nhnh
In this cell...

Enter...

Enter...

Segment

Fitting/Pipe

Pipe

Pipe

Length

125 m (410 feet)

100 m (325 feet)

Elevation

-6.5 m (-21 feet)

0.5 m (1 feet)

Schedule

40

40

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 inch)

76.2 mm (3 inch)

Khi c ba on ng c nhp vo v xc nh, trn mn hnh s

th hin nh trong hnh di:

Cho n lc ny Pipe Segment cha c tnh ton v cha c cc

thng tin v c tnh truyn nhit ca ng ng.
Trao i nhit
Trong trang ny, bn chn phng php Hysys tnh ton truyn
nhit
Bn c th ty chn xc nh cc thng tin v truyn nhit bi mt
on ng (By Segment) hay ton b h thng (Overall)
8

www.thuvien247.net
By Segment: chn nhit mi trng v h s truyn nhit HTC
(Heat Transfer Coefficient) cho mi on ng c to ra trong
Diameters Page
Overall : Mt trong bn phng php tnh ton truyn nhit c th
p dng cho ton b ng ng:
+ Phng php cng sut (Duty method): Nu ton b cng
sut nhit ca on ng c bit, cn bng nng lng s c t
ng tnh ton ngay. Coi lng nhit mt mt l nh nhau ti mi
on ng.
+ Dng nhit : Nu c nhit dng vo v dng ra, nhit
mi trng c xc nh, mt ng tuyn tnh c gi nh
v ton b nhit lng s c tnh ton.
+ Xc nh h s truyn nhit chung: Nu h s truyn nhit
chung v nhit mi trng bit, th vic tnh ton truyn nhit
trn tng on ng s c tnh ton chnh xc.
+ nh gi H s truyn nhit: h s truyn nhit HTC ton
h thng c th tm thy t cc thnh phn
S i lu lp mng bn trong
dn nhit/S i lu bn ngoi
dn nhit qua lp cch nhit
i vi tt c ng ng trong m phng ny, s dng phng
php Overall v xc nh h s truyn nhit
t nhit mi trng Ambient Temperature l 5C (40F)
Trong nhm Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation, cung cp cc
thng tin di y:
Bn trong (Inside):

www.thuvien247.net
Bn ngoi (Outside) Mi thng s c mc nh:

dn nhit Conduction- Mi thng s u c mc nh, ngoi

tr chiu dy lp cch nhit phi thay i n gi tr 0:

4. Hon thnh vic m phng

Nhp tip cc b phn cn li ca cng ngh:
Thm hai phn on ng (nhnh 2 v 3) vi nhng gi tr sau y:
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 2

Feed

GasWell 2

Product

B2 Out

Energy

B2-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

200 m (655 ft)

Elevation

23 m (75 ft)

Nominal Diameter

101.6 mm (4 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

10

www.thuvien247.net
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 3

Feed

GasWell 3

Product

B3 Out

Energy

B3-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

160 m (525 ft)

Elevation

12.5 m (40 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Segment 2
Length

100 m (325 ft)

Elevation

-14 m (-45 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Segment 3
Length

205 m (670 ft)

Elevation

-1 m (-3 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

11

www.thuvien247.net
Thm mt Thit b trn (Mixer) vi cc thng tin sau:
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Junction 1

Feed

B1 Out, B2 Out

Product

J1 Out

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet

Thm hai phn on ng (nhnh 4 v 5) vi nhng gi tr c

cung cp trong bng sau:
Branch 4:
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 4

Feed

J1 Out

Product

B4 Out

Energy

B4-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

355 m (1165 ft)

Elevation

-4 m (-13 ft)

Nominal Diameter

101.6 mm (4 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC
12

www.thuvien247.net
Branch 5:
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 5

Feed

GasWell 4

Product

B5 Out

Energy

B5-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

180 m (590 ft)

Elevation

-7.5 m (-25 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Segment 2
Length

165 m (540 ft)

Elevation

-8 m (-25 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

13

www.thuvien247.net
Thm thit b trn na (Mixer):
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Junction 2

Feed

B3 Out, B4 Out

Product

J2 Out

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Equalize All

5. Thm phn on ng (nhnh 6):

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 6

Feed

J2 Out

Product

B6 Out

Energy

B6 Q

Demensions
Segment 1
Length

300 m(985 ft)

Elevation

-16 m (-52 ft)

Nominal Diameter

152.4 mm (6 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer
and Conduction HTC

14

www.thuvien247.net
Thm thit b trn na (Mixer):
In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Namez

Junction 3

Feed

B5 Out, B6 Out

Product

J3 Out

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Equalize All

Thm phn on ng (nhnh 7) vi cc thng s sau:

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 7

Feed

J3 Out

Product

B7 Out

Energy

B7-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

340 m (1115 ft)

Elevation

-13 m (-45 ft)

Nominal Diameter

152.4 mm (6 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC
Lu case hon thnh!
Chuyn case thnh mt template v Lu!
15

www.thuvien247.net
Phn tch kt qu
Nu lu case, ng bn lu th by gi hy m case lu ra.
Trang Profiles trong th Performance cung cp mt bng tm tt
thng s cho cc phn on. Khong cch, cao, s lng cc
on nh c hin th cho tng phn on
Nhn nt View Profile , bn truy cp vo Pipe Profile, trong
bao gm th Table v th Plot. Th Table gm cc thng tin cc
on nh trong cc tuyn ng (increment along the Pipe Segment)
+ Chiu di
+ cao
+ p sut
+ Nhit
+ Truyn nhit
+ Ch chy
+ Chnh lch ma st (Friction Gradient)
+ Chnh lch v thu tnh (Static Gradient)
+ Accel Gradient
+ Lng lng v ch s Reynolds ca hi
+ Lng lng v vn tc hi
Plot tab hin th s liu dng biu trn Table tab
M Branch 1 v kim tra Table v Plots trong Profile tab

16

www.thuvien247.net

Thc hnh vi Simulation

Bi tp 1
Lu lng kh c sn xut t ging 2 (GasWell 2) tng ln n
1000 kgmole/h (2200lbmole/hr). C th s dng ng ng hin
thi dn dng kh c lu lng tng ln nh vy khng? Nu
khng, th ng ng dn kh mi ca nhnh 2 (Branch 2) cn phi
c ng knh l bao nhiu? Cn phn no khc na ca h thng
ng ng dn cn phi thay i?
Thc hnh
C ngi i ra hin trng v o nhit , p sut ca kh ti
nh my kh: T = 38C (100oF) v P = 7457 kPa (1080 psia). S
dng HYSYS, hy xc nh p sut ca mi dng kh t ging
khoan l bao nhiu?
Gi : bn cn phi thc hin mt vi thay i cho ti khi bi ton
c gii quyt (chng trnh chy hi t).

17

www.thuvien247.net

Nn hai cp

Ni dung
V d ny a ra ng dng in hnh ca hot ng tun hon.
Nguyn liu vo cc trm nn kh 35 oC (95 oF) v 1.725 kPa (250
psia). Kh sn phm c p sut 6.900 kPa, v c nn qua hai cp.
Mi cp bao gm mt thp tch, mt my nn, v thit b lm lnh.
Cht lng tch ra t mi thp tch c tun hon tr li cp nn
trc, sau khi gim p.

Mc tiu
Khi hon thnh bi ny, c th:
S dng cng c Recycle trong HYSYS
La chn v tr ct thch hp cho Recycle

Yu cu
Bit cch thit lp dng v cc thit b trong PFD

S cng ngh PFD

www.thuvien247.net

Thc hin m phng

S dng Peng Robinson EOS vi cc cu t sau : N2, CO2, C1, C2,
C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6 :

Xy dng s m phng
1. Thit lp Mixer vi cc gi tr sau:

www.thuvien247.net

2. Thm Separator vi cc tham s sau:

3. Thm Compressor:

4. Thm Cooler:

www.thuvien247.net

5. Thm Mixer:

6. Thm Separator:

7. Thm Valve:

www.thuvien247.net

8. Thm Compressor :

9 . Thm Cooler :

10. Thm Separator :

www.thuvien247.net

11. Thm Valve :

Ni chung Recycle
s dng tnh
ton tun hon
dng vt liu m
khng tun hon
dng nng lng.

Thit lp Recycles cho s cng ngh

Recycle l cng c ton hc tnh ton qu trnh tun hon dng
vt cht. Thit lp Recycle tng t nh thit lp cc cng c m
phng khc trong HYSYS. Ngun nguyn liu u vo Recycle
c gi l dng tnh ton, dng sn phm ra l dng gi nh.
Recycle to ra mt block l thuyt trong s cng ngh. Dng
nguyn liu vo block c s dng tnh ton dng tun hon,
sn phm l dng tun hon gi nh. Qu trnh hi t, din ra cc
bc sau :

Lun lun a ra
gi tr gi nh
cho dng ra ca
Recycle, khng
bao gi l dng
vo Recycle. Gi
tr gi nh a ra
cng gn vi gi
tr thc, qu trnh
hi t s din ra
nhanh hn.

HYSYS s s dng iu kin ca dng gi nh (dng ra)

v cc tham s qu trnh trong flowsheet tnh ton dng
vo Recycle.
Sau HYSYS s so snh gi tr ca dng tnh ton vi
dng gi nh.
Da trn s khc bit gia cc gi tr, HYSYS s chnh sa
cc gi tr dng tnh ton sao cho ph hp vi gi tr ca
dng gi nh.
Quy trnh tnh ton s dng li cho n khi cc gi tr l
ph hp trong phm vi sai s cho php.
Ch rng c hai van LetDown 1 v LetDown 2 trn cc dng ra
(cng chnh l cc dng vo Recycle) bit. y s l im bt
u tt cho dng gi nh (dng gi nh cho Recycle)

www.thuvien247.net

1. Thit lp Recycle u tin bng cch bm vo biu tng

Recycle trong Object Palette (nh hnh bn cnh).
Connections Tab - Connections Page
Trong Connections Page, in tn v cc dng vo dng ra Recycle
nh trong giao din di.

Parameters Tab
Tolerance Page

www.thuvien247.net

Sai s cho php

cng nh, yu cu
tnh ton cang kht
khe. Ni chung nn
bt u bng gi tr
mc nh t hi
t, sau s a ra
cc iu kin kht
khe hn nu cn.

Trong ca s ny HYSYS cho php thit lp cc iu kin hi t

hoc cc sai s cho php vi mi bin Recycle. Trong v d ny gi
nguyn cc gi tr mc nh.
Numerical Page
Trong ca s ny c cc la chn cho hai kiu Recycle l Nested
(lng vo nhau) hoc Simultaneous (ng thi).
Nested: l kiu tun hon trong bt c khi no chng
gp nhau trong qu trnh tnh ton. S dng kiu ny kh c
mt Recycle hoc nhiu Recycle khng ni vi nhau.
Simultaneous: tt c cc Recycle c tnh ton ng thi
cung mt lc. S dng la chn ny khi trong lu trnh c
nhiu Recycle c lin kt vi nhau (inter-connected).
Trong trng hp ny s s dng Nested Recycle.

Monitor Tab
Trong ca s ny hin th cc thng tin thc hin qu trnh tnh ton.
Bt c bin no c thay i gia c vng tnh lp u s c
hin th trong bng ny.
Worksheet Tab

www.thuvien247.net

Trong ca s ny hin th cc thng tin ca dng vo v dng ra. V

d, trong trng hp ny dng vo v dng ra c cng thng tin.
Bi v trc khi thit lp Recycle, dng vo c HYSYS tnh
ton. Khi c ni vo Recycle, cc iww kin ca dng vo t
ng c chuyn qua cho dng ra s dng lm tham s gi nh
bt u tnh ton.
2. Thit lp Recycle th hai vi cc thng tin sau.

Bc cui cng l ni cc dng ra ca cc Recycle lm cc dng

vo Mixre1 v Mixre2:
RCY 1 Out ni lm dng vo cho Mixre 1
RCY 2 Out ni lm dng vo cho Mixre 2
Lu case vo th mc xc nh. Sau chuyn thnh file Template
v lu li.

Phn tch kt qu
M giao din thuc tnh ca cc Recycle v vo Convergence Tab.
C bao nhiu vng lp c thc hin hi t?
M Worksheets Tab ca mi Recycle. Cc bin ca dng vo v
dng ra c gi tr nh th no?
Phn mol pha hi ca dng vo v dng ra bng bao nhiu?
RCY 1

RCY 2

Inlet Vapour Fraction

Outlet Vapour Fraction
Nu phn mol pha hi khc nhau kh nh, sai s cho php v thnh
phn phn mol cc cu t kh b (thay i tolerance t 10.0 n
1.0). C s khc nhau no khng?

www.thuvien247.net

Advanced Modelling
Bi v cng c Recycle l cng c ton hc tnh ton qu trnh vt
l, c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong m phng. V tr ca cc dng
c ct ra nh hng n qu trnh tnh ton hi t ca cc
Recycle.
1. Chn v tr ct sao cho s Recycle l nh nht
Gim s v tr m qu trnh tnh lp yu cu s gim c tng thi
gian hi t. Chn v tr Recycle ph thuc vo ccaaus truc hnh hc
ca lu trnh. Lu chn v tr ct nu nh c th sao cho vic khai
bo cc tham s ca dng gi nh s c thc hin nh cc dng
chnh. Thng l sau cc im thu gom (mixer) v trc cc im
phn phi (tees, separator v columns)
2. Chn v tr ct sao cho cc bin s ca Recycle l nh nht
Bin bao gm phn hi, nhit , p sut, lu lng dng, enthalpy
v thnh phn. La chn v tr sao cho cng nhiu bin c nh
khng b thay i cng tt, nh vy s loi tr c nh hng ca
cc bin v lm tng tnh n nh ca qu trnh hi t. Tt nht nn
chn cc v tr l u vo Separator, Compressor, sau dng ra thit
b lm lnh cooler v heater.
Rt khng tt nu chn v tr ct dng c Adjust iu khin mt
trong cc bin.
3. Chn v tr ct n nh
V tr ct c th chn sao cho nhng thay i trong dng tun hon
c nh hng nh nht. V d chn dng chnh, nh hng ca s
bin thin do Recycle s l nh nht. Tm quan trng ca yu t ny
ph thuc vo thut ton hi t. iu ny cng quan trng khi s
dng php th lin tip.

www.thuvien247.net

Exploring with the Simulation

Bi tp 1: t Recycle v tr no v ti sao?

Bi tp 2: t Recycle v tr no v ti sao?
Gi s Feed c xc nh hon ton, gim p Sheel v Tube
bit, bit nhit dng Column Feed

www.thuvien247.net

Bi tp 3: t Recycle v tr no v ti sao?
Gi s Feed c xc nh hon ton, gim p Sheel v Tube
cho E-100 v E-101 bit, bit nhit dng 3 v 4

Bi tp 4: t Recycle v tr no v ti sao?
Gi s Feed c xc nh hon ton, gim p Sheel v Tube
E-100 bit.

www.thuvien247.net

Bi tp 5:
Sau khi hon thanh m phng, sp yu cu bn thit lp Compressor
Curves cho Stage 2 Compressor c sn ang lm vic trn hin
trng. Vi Compressor hin ang c sn c th t c vi p
sut bn cn, l 6900 kPa, hoc l bn s phi s dng thm cp nn
th 3.

Bi tp 6.
Ban than phin vi sp, Polly Sin rng bi m phng ca bn mt
qu nhiu thi gian hi t trn my tnh bi v Recycle v nhn c
hi ny kin ngh thay my tnh c tc cao hn. Polly xem s
m phng ca bn v yu cu trn c s c th gim thi gian
hi t bng cch loi b mt Recycle trong s m phng. Bn
hay Polly, ai ng?

www.thuvien247.net

Lm ngt kh bng DEA

Ni dung
Trong bi ny, m phng mt nh my x l kh acid in hnh. Dng
kh t nhin bo ha hi nc c a vo thit b hp th bng amin
(amine contactor). Dung dch Diethanolamine (DEA) 28% khi lng
trong nc c dng lm cht hp th. Thit b contactor gm 20 a
thc t. Dung dch amine bo ha (rich amin) c a vo thp tch
nhanh, c gim p t p sut 6900 kPa trong thit b contactor
xung cn 620 kPa trc khi vo thit b trao i nhit gia hai dng
amin rich/lean, ti y dng amin ti sinh (lean amin) s gia nhit cho
dng amin bo ho (rich amin) ti nhit 95oC. Thit b ti sinh
(regenerator) cng gm 20 a. Kh acid ra khi regenerator 50oC,
trong khi dng amine ti sinh c nhit khong 110oC. Dng amine
ti sinh c lm lnh v quay tr li Contactor.

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh bi ny bn c th:
M phng thp Amine trong Hysys
Cung cp cc tham s a tnh ton hiu qu cho thp
S dng Set Operation
S dng Spreadsheet

Yu cu
Trc khi bt u bi ny bn cn phi:
Hon thnh cc module 1, 2, 3, v 4.

www.thuvien247.net

S cng ngh

www.thuvien247.net

S thp hp th

www.thuvien247.net

S thp ti sinh

www.thuvien247.net

Xy dng m phng

To lp c s m phng
Vi case ny, s dng Amines Property Package vi cc cu t sau:
N2, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6, H2O, DEA.

Amines Property Package

Trong Amines
Property Package
khng cha cc
cu t gi nh

Nng dung dch

amin trong nc
Amin
MEA
DEA
TEA,MDEA
DGA

%kl
15-20
25-35
35-50
45-65

Trong Amines Property Package c cc m hnh nhit ng c pht

trin bi D.B. Robinson & Associates p dng cho m phng cc nh
my amine (c quyn ca hng AMSIM). Cc thng s ng hc v
cn bng ca kh acid trong dung dch alkanolamine trong nc c
cha H2S v CO2 bao gm trong property package. Amines property
package c trang b da trn cc nghin cu ca D. B. Robinson,
mt s thng tin cha c cng b v cc ti liu tham kho k thut.
Amines package kt hp m hnh s a thc t m phng thp.
Da trn tnh ton cu t H2S v CO2 tnh ton ng knh thp cho
c hai qu trnh hp th v ti sinh.

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp cc dng cho s m phng

Nhp dng nguyn liu:
1. Nhp dng kh nguyn liu vo vi cc tham s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Name

Sour Gas

Temperature

25oC (75oF)

Pressure

6900 kPa (1000 psia)

Molar Flow

1250 kgmole/h (25 MMSCFD)

Component

Mole Fraction

N2

0.0016

H2S

0.0172

CO2

0.0412

C1

0.8692

C2

0.0393

C3

0.0093

i-C4

0.0026

n-C4

0.0029

i-C5

0.0014

n-C5

0.0012

C6

0.0018

H2O

0.0122

DEA

0.0

www.thuvien247.net

2. Nhp dng th 2 b sung cho dng lean amine vo thit b

Amine Contactor vi cc tham s sau:

Chc chn bn
nhp dung dich
DEA/H2O vi nng
phn khi lng

In this cell

Enter

Name

DEA to Contactor

Temperature

35oC (95oF)

Pressure

6850 kPa ( 995 psia )

LiaVol Flow

43m3/h

Component

Mass Fraction

H2O

0.72

DEA

0.28

(190 USGPM )

Nhp cc thit b cho s m phng

Thp tch (Separator Operation)
Nc t do c tch khi kh bng thit b phn tch FWKO TK.
Add Seperator v cung cp cc thng tin sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

FWKO TK

Feed

Sour Gas

Vapour Outlet

Gas to Contactor

Liquid Outlet

FWKO

Lu lng dng nc trong FWKO l bao nhiu?

www.thuvien247.net

Thp hp th (Contactor Operation)

Amine Contactor c m phng bng Absorber operation trong
Hysys.
Nhp Absorber column vi cc tham s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connection
Name

DEA Contactor

No of Stages

20

Top Stage Feed

Gas to Contactor

Bottom Stage Feed

Gas to Contactor

Ovhd Vapour

Sweet Gas

Bottoms Liquid

Rich DEA

Pressures
Top

6850 kPa (995 psia )

Bottom

6900 kPa ( 1000 psia )

Estimates
Top Temperature

40oC (100oF)

Bottom Temperature

70oF (160oF)

Ovhd Vap Rate

1245 kmole/h ( 25 MMSCFD )

Amines Property Package yu cu s a thc t c s dng trong

tnh ton thp hp th v thp ti sinh. Vi m hnh ny, trong HYSYS,
cc cu t CO2 v H2S c thnh phn phn mol thay i theo cc a
(trong kh gim dn t di ln). Qu trnh tnh ton thc hin trong
thp l mt phn ca Amines Package. Cc tham s ca a cn cung
cp y , c tnh ton theo chiu cao gi nh ca lp cht lng
trn a v thi gian tip xc ca hi trong pha lng. nhp cc tham
s ca a, m Tray Section Property view, vo Object Navigator.
8

www.thuvien247.net

1. Bm Navigator hoc s dng phm F3 m Object Navigator

2. Chn DEA Contactor t Flowsheets v TS-1 t Unit Operations.
Cc tham s ca
a ch c nhp
ti giao din Tray
Section Property

3. Bm View m giao din Tray Section property

4. Trong giao din Tray Section property, vo Sizing page trong
Rating tab v nhp kch thc nh trong hnh di y.

5. ng giao din ny li khi bn thc hin xong

6. Chy Column
7. Khi Column c hi t, di chuyn ti Effeciencies page trong
Parameters tab.
9

www.thuvien247.net

8. Chn Component trong Efficiency Type xem thnh phn cc

cu t trn mi a ca thp.

Nng H2S v CO2 trong kh ngt l bao nhiu?

Van (Valve Operation)

Rich DEA t thp hp th (Absorber) c chuyn trc tip qua van,
VLV-100, p sut gim ti 620 kPa (90 psia) c a ti thp tch.
Nhp van vi cc thng s sau:

In this cell..

Enter

Connections
Inlet

Rich DEA

Outlet

DEA to Flash TK

Work Sheet
Pressure of DEA to Flash TK

620 kPa

(90 psia)

10

www.thuvien247.net

Thp tch (Separator Operation)

Kh c tch khi dng Rich DEA bng thp tch Flash TK
Nhp Separator vi cc thng s sau:

In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

Flash TK

Feed

DEA to Flash TK

Vapour Outlet

Flash Vap

Liquid Outlet

Rich to L/R

Thit b trao i nhit (Heat Exchange Operation)

Dng Regen Feed c gia nhit n 95oC (200oF) trong thit b trao
i nhit gia hai dng dung mi bo ha v ti sinh (lean/rich
exchanger), L/R HEX trc khi vo thit b Regenerator, ti y cc
lin kt amine-acid c ph v, DEA ti sinh c tun hon v thp
hp th (Contactor).
Nhp Heat Exchanger vi cc tham s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

L/R HEX

Tube Side Inlet

Rich to L/R

Tube Side Outlet

Regen Feed

Shell Side Inlet

Regen Bttms

Shell Side Outlet

Lean from L/R

Parameters
Tubeside Delta P

70 kPa (10 psi)

Shellside Delta P

70 kPa (10 psi)

11

www.thuvien247.net

Thp ti sinh (Regenerator Operation)

Amine Regenerator c m hnh ha nh Distillation Column.
Tng cng c 20 a - trong thp c 18 a cng thit b un nng y
thp (Reboiler) v ngng t nh thp (Condenser). H s tch
Damping Factors s
(efficiencies) cc cu t l hng s, bng 0.8 i vi H2S v 0.15 i
khng nh hng khi
m sai s nhit v sai vi CO2 . H s tch ca Condenser v Reboiler phi bng 1 v ch
phi nhp h s tch cho cc a t 1 -18. Damping Factors bng 0.4
s ca cc tham s
khng hi t.
s tnh ton nhanh hn v hi t n nh hn. Damping Factors iu
khin bc tnh ton ca vng lp ngoi khi cp nht m hnh nhit
Cc thp sau y yu
ng vng lp trong.
cu s dng Damping
Factors 0.25 - 0.5:
Nhp Distilation Column vi cc thng tin sau:
*Amine regenerators,
*TEGStrippers,
*Sour Water Strippers

In this cell
Connections
Name
No. of Stages
Feed Stream / Stage
Condenser Type
Ovhd Vapour
Bottms Liquid
Reboiler Duty
Condenser Duty
Parameters
Fixed Damping Factor
Pressures
Condenser Pressure
Condenser Delta P
Reboiler Pressure
Efficiencies
CO2
H2S
Monitor
Overhead Rate (Estimate)
Reflux Ratio (Estimate)
Estimates
Tray 1 Temperature
Reboiler Temperature
Specifications
Condenser Temperature
Reboiler Duty

Enter
Regenerator
18
Regen Feed / 4
Full Reflux
Acid Gas
Regen Bttms
Rblr Q
Cond Q
0.40
190 kPa (27.5 psia)
15 kPa (2.5 psia)
220 kPa (31.5 psia)
0.15
0.8
75 kgmole/h (1.5 MMSCFD)
1.5
100oC (210oF)
125oC (260oF)
50oC (120oF)
1.3e7 kJ/h (1.2e7 Btu/hr)
12

www.thuvien247.net

Thit b trn hn hp (Mixer Operation)

Vic b sung nc l cn thit v nc b mt mt ti thp hp th v
thp ti sinh theo cc dng ra t nh thp. Thit b Mixer kt hp
nc cng ngh v Lean Amine t thit b Regenerator. Dng ra
c ha trn cng mt p sut.
1. Nhp dng mi vi cc tham s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

Makeup H2O

Temperature

20oC (70oF)

Compenent

Mole Fraction

H2O

1.0

2. Nhp Mixer vi cc tham s sau:

In this cell

Enter

Connections
Inlets

Makeup H2O
Lean from L/R

Outlet

DEA to Cool

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Equalize All

Work Sheet
Liq Vol Flow of DEA to Cool

43 m3/h (190 USGPM)

Lu lng dng makeup H2O l bao nhiu?

13

www.thuvien247.net

Thit b lm lnh (Cooler Operation)

Nhp Cooler vi cc tham s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

Cooler

Feed Stream

DEA to Cool

Product Stream

DEA to Pump

Energy Stream

Cooler Q

Parameters
Pressure Drop

35 kPa (5 psi)

Bm (Pump Operation)
Nhp Pump vi cc tham s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Inlet

DEA to Pump

Outlet

DEA to Recycle

Energy

Pump Q

Work Sheet
Temperature for DEA to Recycle

35oC (95oF)

Adding Logical Unit Operations

Set Operation
Set l mt cng c trong m phng tnh, c s dng thit lp mi
tng quan ca cc bin trong qu trnh. Mi quan h gia cc bin
ca 2 i tng cng loi, v d gia nhit 2 dng hoc UA ca 2
thit b trao i nhit.

14

www.thuvien247.net

1. Kch p vo phm Set. Nhp cc gi tr cn thit vo Connection

tab nh hnh di y.

2. Chuyn sang Parameters tab. t gi tr Multiplier l 1, Offset l

-35 kPa (-5 psi) nh hnh di y:

15

www.thuvien247.net

Recycle Operation
Recycle c ci t nh mt khi l thuyt trong qu trnh cng
ngh. Dng nguyn liu i vo Recycle l iu kin tnh ton dng
tun hon, v dng sn phm l dng tun hon gi thit. Cc bc sau
c thc hin trong qu trnh hi t:
Hysys s dng cc iu kin ca dng gi nh v tnh ton
Flowsheet cho dng tun hon
Hysys sau so snh cc gi tr ca cc dng tnh ton vi dng
gi nh.
Da vo s sai khc gia cc gi tr, Hysys s thay i cc gi tr
ca dng tnh ton v t gi tr thay i ny cho dng gi nh.
Qu trnh tnh ton s lp li cho n khi cc gi tr trong dng tnh
ton ph hp vi dng gi nh trong phm vi sai s nh trc.
Trong case ny, dng lean amine (DEA to Contactor) ban u c
tnh s c thay th bng dng DEA mi (DEA to Recycle) v
Contactor v Regenerator s chy cho n khi vng tun hon hi t.
1. Kch p vo biu tng Recycle. Trong Connections tab nhp cc
thng tin nh trong hnh sau:

16

www.thuvien247.net

2. Chuyn sang Parameters tab. Nhp y cc thng tin nh trong

hnh di y:

SAVE YOUR CASE!

17

www.thuvien247.net

Phn tch kt qu
Nu bn lu case l template, ng template v m case c lu.
Dng kh vo c cha 4.1% CO2 v 1.7% H2S. Lu lng dng vo l
1250 kgmole/h (25 MMSCFD), dung dch tun hon DEA 28% tch
H2S v CO2. Dng kh ra yu cu khng qu 2% (th tch) CO2 v
4ppm (th tch) H2S.

Trong kh ngt % th tch CO2 l bao nhiu?

Trong kh ngt hm lng H2S l bao nhiu ppm(th tch)
Cc tham s khc ca dng kh sn phm nh th no

Advanced Modelling
Nng kh axit trong dng amine c nh ngha l t s ca s
mole kh acid v s mole amine tun hon. Spreadsheet l cng c ph
hp trong cc tnh ton ny. Khng cn phi loading cc tnh ton trc
tip v hin th chng m n tch hp vo m phng to cc im
iu khin cho vic ti u ha m phng amine.
Cc bin s dng trong tnh ton:

18

www.thuvien247.net

Cc cng thc tnh ton:

Kh axit i vo lm ngt bng amin c th so snh vi cc gi tr tnh

ton ca D.B. Robinson a ra:
Maximum Acid Gas Loadings
(Moles acid gas / mole of amines)
CO2

H2S

MEA, DEA

0.5

0.35

DEA

0.45

0.30

TEA, MDEA

0.30

0.20

19

www.thuvien247.net

Khm ph thm vi Simulation

Exercise 1
Bn va nhn c in thoi ca Trng phng iu hnh nh my
bn cnh thng bo rng thp hp th ca h gp s c v phi dng
hot ng. Bn buc phi ng nhn hn hp kh ca h x l,
lu lng dng kh ca h gp i lu lng dng kh vo nh my
ca bn. Bn cn phi c nhng thay i g iu khin nh my
hot ng bnh thng.

20

www.thuvien247.net

Sy kh bng TEG
Ni dung
Ti cc ming ging, xy ra hin tng bo ha ca nc, nc ln
vo trong kh gy ra mt s vn sau:
Hnh thnh hydrates rn c th gy tc van, ng ng.
S hin din ca nc v H2 S hoc CO2 c th gy ra cc vn
v n mn.
Nc ngng t gy ra n mn, bo mn ng ng.
Ni chung, qu trnh sy kh s dng trong cc nh my kh p
ng cc iu kin ca ng ng. C mt s quy trnh sn c cho
qu trnh sy kh nh: glycols, silicagel, molecular sieves.
Cng nghip sn xut kh t nhin s dng triethylene glycol (TEG)
sy kh ti ni c nhit im sng thp, chng hn nh thit
k cho cc thm lc a ngoi khi ca bin Bc Cc hoc min
Nam hoc cho cc qu trnh lm lnh.
Trong v d ny, nhit im sng ca nc trong kh kh l
-20oC (-4oF) ti 6200 kPa (900 psia).

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh phn ny, bn c th:
M hnh ha qu trnh dehydration bng TEG.
Xc nh im sng ca nc cho hn hp kh.

Yu cu
Trc khi bt u bn phi hiu v bit cch thc hin: thit lp
dng, qu trnh v cc loi thp.

www.thuvien247.net
S cng ngh

www.thuvien247.net

S thp
TEG Contactor

TEG Regenerator

www.thuvien247.net
Xy dng m phng
To lp c s m phng
S dng Peng Robinson EOS vi cc cu t sau: N2, H2S, CO2, C1,
C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, H2O v TEG.

Bt u m phng
Nhp cc dng nguyn liu
1. Thit lp dng vt liu vi cc tham s nh trong bng sau:
In this cell

Enter

Name

Inlet Gas

Temperature

30oC (85oF)

Pressure

6200 kPa (900 psia)

Molar Flow

500 kgmole/h (10 MMSCFD)

Component

Mole Fraction

N2

0.0010

H2S

0.0155

CO2

0.0284

C1

0.8989

C2

0.0310

C3

0.0148

i-C4

0.0059

n-C4

0.0030

i-C5

0.0010

n-C5

0.0005

H2O

0.0000

TEG

0.0000

www.thuvien247.net
2. Nhp dng TEG vo thp hp th (TEG Contactor)
In this cell

Enter

Name

TEG feed

Temperature

50oC (120oF)

Pressure

6200 kPa (900 psia)

LiqVol Flow

0,5 m3/h (2 USGPM)

Component

Mass Fraction

H2O

0.01

TEG

0.99

Mixer Operation
bo ha hi nc, kh v nc c ha trn trc khi vo
Contactor.
Add Mixer ha trn Inlet Gas v Water to dng bo ha.
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

Saturate

Inlets

Inlet Gas
Water to Saturate

Outlet

Gas + H2O

Parameters

Equalize All

Pressure Assignment
Work Sheet

0.5 kgmole/h (1.1 lbmole/hr)

Water to Saturate,
Flowrate

100% Water

Water to Saturate,
Composition

30oC (85oF)

Gas + H2O, Temperature

www.thuvien247.net
Separator Operation
Nc t do c tch s b khi kh bi thit b separator, FWKO.
Add Separator vi cc thng s:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

FWKO TK

Feed

Gas + H2O

Vapour Oulet

Gas to Contactor

Liquid Outlet

FWKO

Contactor Operation
M phng TEG Contactor.
Add Absorber column vi cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

TEG Contactor

No of Stages

Top Stage Feed

Gas to Contactor

Bottom Stage Feed

Gas to Contactor

Ovhd Vapour

Dry Gas

Bottoms Liquid

Rich TEG

Pressures
Top

6190 kPa (897 psia)

Bottom

6200 kPa (900 psia)

Valve Operation
Dng Rich TEG qua van VLV-100, p sut dng ra c t ng
tnh ton.
6

www.thuvien247.net
Add Valve vi cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Inlet

Rich TEG

Outlet

LP TEG

Heat Exchange Operation

Regen Feed c gia nhit n 105oC (220oF) trong thit b trao
i nhit L/R HEX trc khi vo thit b ti sinh Regenerator.
Add Heat Exchange vi cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

L/R HEX

Tube side Inlet

Regen Bttms

Tube Side Outlet

Lean from LR

Shell Side Inlet

LP TEG

Shell Side Outlet

Regen Feed

Parameters
Tubeside Delta P

0.7 kPa (0.1 psia)

Shellside Delta P

70 kPa (10 psia)

Work Sheet
Regen Feed,
Temperature

105oC

Regen Feed,
Pressure

110kPa (16 psia)

Regenerator Operation
TEG Regenerator c m phng bng thit b Distillation
Column. Cc thng s nh bng sau:

www.thuvien247.net
In this cell..

Enter

Connections
Name

TEG Regenerator

No of Stages

Regen Feed

Condenser Type

Full Reflux

Ovhd Vapour

Sour Gas

Bottoms Liquid

Regen Bttms

Condenser Enegy

Cond Q

Reboiler Enegy

Reb Q

Pressures
Condenser

101 kPa (14 psia)

Reboiler

103 kPa (15 psia)

First Spec-Tray Temperature

State

Condenser

Spec Value

102oC (215oF)

Status

Active

Second Spec-Tray
Temperature
Stage

Reboiler

Spec Value

205oC (400oF)

Status

Active

Third Spec-Reflux Ratio

Spec Value

1.0 Molar

Status

Estimate

Fourth Spec-Draw Rate

Draw

Sour Gas

Spec Value

1kgmole/h
(0.02 MMSCFD)

Status

Estimate

www.thuvien247.net
Mixer Operation
Do TEG b mt mt nn phi c mt dng b sung duy tr cn
bng vt cht.
1. Nhp Material Stream vi cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

Makeup TEG

Temperature

15oC (60oF)

Compenent

Mole Fraction

TEG

0.99

H2O

0.01

2. Nhp Mixer vi cc thng s sau:

In this cell

Enter

Connections
Inlets

Makeup TEG
Lean from L/R

Outlet

TEG to Pump

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Equalize All

Work Sheet
Liquid Vol Flowrate of
TEG to Pump

0.5 m3/h (2 USGPM)

Pump Operation
S dng bm nng cao p sut trc khi vo Contactor
Nhp Pump vi cc thng s sau:
9

www.thuvien247.net
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Inlet

TEG to Pump

Oulet

Pump Out

Energy

Pump Q

Work Sheet
Pressure of Pump Out

6275 kPa (910 psia)

Heat Exchanger
Nhm mc ch lm lnh dng TEG tr li Contactor
Add Heat Exchanger vi cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Tube Side Inlet

Pump Out

Tube Side Outlet

TEG to Recycle

Shell Side Inlet

Dry Gas

Shell Side Outlet

Sales Gas

Parameters
Tube Side Delta P

70 kPa (10 psia)

Shell Side Delta P

35 kPa (5 psia)

Work Sheet
TEG to Recycle, Temperature

50oC (120oF)

Recycle Operation
Recycle c ci t theo mt khi l thuyt trong qu trnh sn
xut. Dng nguyn liu v dng sn phm c t ng tnh ton
dng tun hon . Cc bc sau y din ra trong qu trnh hi t:
HYSYS s dng cc iu kin tnh ton v gii quyt cc
vn ca dng trong s dy chuyn sn xut.
Sau HYSYS so snh cc gi tr ca dng tnh ton c
vi gi tr gi nh ban u.
10

www.thuvien247.net
Da vo s sai khc ca cc gi tr HYSYS s tip tc thay
i cc gi tr dng tnh ton.
Qu trnh tnh ton s lp i lp li cho n khi cc gi tr
dng tnh ton ph hp vi nhng gi tr gi nh ban u.
Trong case ny, lean TEG (TEG Feed) ban u c tnh c thay
th bng dng TEG c gi tr dng mi (TEG to Recycle) v
Contactor v Regenerator s c tnh ton cho n khi vng lp
ca Recycle hi t.
1. Click p vo biu tng Recycle. Trong Connections tab
in cc thng tin nh hnh sau:

2. Chuyn n Tolerance page trong Parameters Tab v thc

hin nh hnh di y:

11

www.thuvien247.net
Cu hi:
1. Phn on hi ca dng Gas + H2O l bao nhiu (gi tr phi
nh hn 1, khi chc chn l bo ho mi nhn gi tr l 1)?
2. Bao nhiu nc c tch ra t Separator?
3. Nhit to hydrat ca kh ti Contactor l bao nhiu?
4. Nhit to hydrat ca kh sn phm (Sales Gas) l bao nhiu?
5. So snh nhit to hydrat ca hai kh trn?

SAVE YOUR CASE!

Convert case thnh template

v save

12

www.thuvien247.net
Analyzing the Results
Mt trong nhng tiu chun s dng xc nh hiu qu ca qu
trnh sy kh l im sng ca kh kh. iu ny c th d dng
kim tra bng cch xc nh nhit ngng t ca nc. u tin
phi loi b hon ton TEG khi dng v TEG nh hng n im
sng ca nc. Tch TEG bng thit b Component Splitter, sau
lm lnh. Nhit dng ra c tnh ton bng cng c Adjust
t tm ra im m ti nc thay i trng thi.
1. Add Component Splitter vi cc gi tr nh sau:
In this cell

Enter

Connections
Name

Remove TEG

Inlet

Sales Gas

Overhead Outlet

TEG Only

Bottoms Outlet

Water Dewpoint

Energy

Split Q

Parameters
Bottoms Pressure

6155 kPa (893 psia)

Word Sheet
Water Dewpoint
temperature

-20oC (-4oF)

Splits
TEG Fraction in
Overhead

1.0

All Other Fractions

0.0

2. Add Separator tch nc ngng.

In this cell

Enter

Connections
Feed

Water Dewpoint

Vapour Outlet

Gas Out

Liquid Outlet

XS H2O

13

www.thuvien247.net
Adjust s thay i nhit im sng ca nc cho n khi p
ng c yu cu dng kh ra.
Balance tm im sng ca dng ti 6200 kPa (900 psia).
Add Adjust iu chnh nhit im sng ca nc cho n
khi nhit im sng ca dng kh ra l -20oC (-4oF).
Hon thnh nh hnh di y:

Exploring with the Simulation

Exercise 1:
The addition of stripping gas (slipstream from Sales Gas) will
enhance the ability of the Regenerator to remove water from the
rich TEG. A Tee operation is used to split Sales Gas into 2 streams.
Strip Gas flow = 50 kgmole/h
The stream pressure is 6165 kPa which is too high for the
Regenerator. Use a Mole balance to transfer the flow and
composition of Strip Gas to SG to Regen. Specify the following
parameters for SG to Regen:
T = 70C
P = 110 kPa
SG to Regen enters as a feed to the Regenerator Reboiler. Does the
TEG concentration in Regen Bttms increase?

14

www.thuvien247.net
n nh du th
(s dng cng c Optimazation)

Ni dung
Trong bi ny, s cng ngh n gin c s dng phn
tch mt hn hp du kh thnh sn phm du n nh v kh
thng phm. S cng ngh ny c s dng ti nhiu nh
nh my kh xung quanh vng Alberta c t sn phm lng v
khng c php cha y trong thp chng ct. Trong cng ngh
s dng mt s tch ba cp n gin c gia nhit gia mi cp
v mc tiu ca bi tp l la chn p sut v nhit gim dn sao
cho chi ph cho sn phm t v t c li nhun ti a. Mt cng
c c bit trong HYSYS, Optimzer s c s dng tm iu
kin vn hnh ti u nht.

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh bi ny bn c th :
S dng cng c Optimizer trong HYSYS ti u quy trnh
sn xut.
S dng bng tnh Spreadsheet thc hin cc tnh ton

Yu cu
Nhp dng v cc thit b m phng
Bit cch s dng bng tnh Spreadsheet

S cng ngh

www.thuvien247.net

www.thuvien247.net
Xy dng m phng

To lp c s m phng
Trong case ny s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng Robinson vi
cc cu t sau: C1, C2, C3, n-C4, i-C4, n-C5, i-C5, C6, C7, C8 v C9

Bin i h n v tnh
Trong bi ny chn n v ca dng kh l m3/d_gas thay cho n
v tnh mc nh l kgmole/h v n v tnh th tch dng lng l
m3/d khng s dng n v mc nh l m3/h.
1. T Tool menu chn Preferences v vo Units tab
2. Chn n v SI lm n v mc nh
Khng th sa ci t mc nh nhng bn c th copy bng cch
bm phm Clone Units Set.
3. i tn n v Clone Units Set thnh Optimzer
4. Di chuyn con tr ti Flow
5. Chn m3/d_gas t danh sch ko th trong Edit Bar
6. Di chuyn chut ti cc Liq . Vol .flow
7. Chn la m3/d t bng di ca menu trong Edit Bar

www.thuvien247.net
Bt u qu trnh m phng

1. Nhp cc dng vt cht vi cc gi tr sau:

Qu trnh bao m phng bao gm ba thit b phn tch hi v lng .

Ti thit b phn tch th nht p sut s c c nh bng p sut
u vo ca dng kh. p sut ca thit b phn tch cui s c
ci t theo p sut dng hi ra khi thit b. Gi tr mc nh
gim p trong thit b bng 0, v th bn phi xa gi tr mc nh
ny trong Parameter tab ca stage 2 v stage 3 trc khi c th xc
nh p sut dng ra
Mi thp tch c gia nhit s b (preheater)
4

www.thuvien247.net
2. Nhp 3 thit b trao i nhit vi cc tham s sau:

www.thuvien247.net
3. Nhp 3 thp tch vi cc tham s sau:

www.thuvien247.net
4. Nhp 2 my nn vi cc tham s sau:

5. Nhp thit b trn vi cc tham s sau:

www.thuvien247.net

www.thuvien247.net
6. Nhp cc tham s cn thit nh trong bng sau y;

M Optional10.hsc,
tr li cc cu
hi,v sau tip
tc module

Lu lng th tch dng sn phm lng l bao nhiu?

Lu lng mol dng sn phm kh l bao nhiu?

Kim tra p sut hi bo ha RVP

p sut hi bo ha RVP ca dng sn phm lng khong 96.5kPa
tha mn cc tiu chun ca ng ng
p sut hi bo ha RVP ca mt dng c xc nh trong
Cold Properties Utility.
C th chn Utilities t Tools menu hoc t Utilities page ca
Attachments tab ca Liquid Product trong Steam Property view.

Cng c Optimizer
Trong HYSYS c cng c Optimizer a bin cho m phng tnh.
Trong mt s cng ngh c xy dng v thu c gii
php hi t, bn c th s dng Optimizer tm iu kin hot
ng ti u cho nhng gi tr nh nht hay ln nht ca hm mc
tiu. Chnh optimizer s dng Spreadsheet ca mnh xc nh
hm mc tiu cng ging nh bt k biu thc ton hc khc s
dng. iu ny cho php bn xy dng hm mc tiu nhm thu
c li nhun ti a, gim thiu nhng phn ph tr hoc h s
trao i nhit UA ti thiu.
9

www.thuvien247.net
Cc bin s cp (Primary variables): y l cc bin nhp
t bng tnh m gi tr ca n c thit lp ti gin hoc
ti a hm mc tiu. Bn phi thit lp cn trn v cn di
cho bin c s, s dng thit lp khong tm kim
Hm mc tiu (Objecive Function): y l hm s c ti
thiu hoc ti a. Hm mc tiu phi c xc nh thng
qua Spreadsheet. iu cho php ngi thit k nh ngha
hm mt cch linh hot.
Cc hm tng quan (Constraint function): Cc ng thc
v bt ng thc ca hm c xc nh thng qua
Spreadsheet. Trong trong trnh tnh ton Hm mc tiu,
Optimizer cng cn phi c cc hm tng quan do ngi
thit k thit lp.
Trong bi ny, mc ch ti a ha tng li nhun trong khi m p
sut hi bo ha (RVP) nhn c nh hn 96.5 kPa.
Thu nhp t nh my l sn phm kh v sn phm lng. Cc chi
ph ton b bao gm gi ca cc dng vo mi heater cng gi nn
kh cho mi my nn.
Li nhun = doanh thu - chi ph
Li nhun = sn phm kh + sn phm lng chi ph cc dng chi
ph my nn

Cc bin no c th thay i nh hng n chi ph cc dng?

Chi ph nn kh o c l bao nhiu?
Cc bin no c th thay i nh hng n chi ph nn kh
(nh rng p sut nn kh u ra l c nh)?
Cc bin no Proccess (Adjusted)Variables s c ti a?

vo Optimizer chn Optimizer t Simulation trong Menu Bar

hoc bm phm F5.
10

www.thuvien247.net
Cng c Optimizer
khng phi l mt
thit b, v vy n s
khng c hin th
trong s PFD

Cc bin (Variables Tab)

Khi vo Optimizer ln u tin, bn vo Variables Tab. Ti y
xc nh Proccess (Adjusted) Variables s dng trong Optimizer.
1. Bm phm Add nhp bin u tin, Stream1, Heat Flow
2. t Low Bound =0 v Hight Bound = 1.0e6 kJ/h (1.0e6
Btu/hr)
3. Hon thnh danh sch cc bin nh trong bng sau

Cc gi tr Low
Bound v Hight
Bound hp l l rt
quan trng. t cc
gi tr c th t
c trong thit k,
tc l, khng t
high bound cho
Steam Heat Flow th
gi tr ln hn
trong thc t ti nh
my.

Thit lp bng tnh (Spreadsheet)

Spreadsheet l mt
bng tnh thc, v
vy n s c cp
nht thng tin khi
cc bin trong
Flowsheet thay i

Trong Optimizer c bng tnh ring cho chnh n nhm mc ch

xc nh cc hm mc tiu v hm tng quan. Cc bin c s phi
c nhp vo v cc hm c nh ngha trong bng tnh ca
Optimizer (Optimizer Spreadsheet) c cng chc nng vi bng
tnh chnh (Main Flowsheet Spreadsheet).
1. Bm phm Spreadsheet trong Optimizer m bng tnh
2. Trong Parameter tab ca Spreadsheet tng s dng t 10
ln 15.
3. Chuyn ti Spreadsheet tab.
11

www.thuvien247.net

12

www.thuvien247.net
Nhp v xut cc bin (Importing and Exporting Variables)
Bn c th nhp vo hu nh tt c cc bin m phng vo trong
bng tnh (Spreadsheet) v bn cng c th xut ra gi tr ca mt
ti bt k mt trng xc nh no trong m phng ca bn
Kim tra (Object Inspection): nhp p vo m bn mun
nhp hay xut thng tin ra sau chn Import Variable hoc
Export Formular Result. Sau s dng Variable Navigator
v chn Variable m bn mun nhp vo hay xut ra.
Trang lin kt (Connections page tab): Chn Add Import
hoc Add Export sau s dng Variable Navigator chn
bin m bn mun a vo hoc xut ra
Danh sch ko th (Drag n drop): bm vo gi tr ca bin
(t WorkBook hoc Property View) m bn mun nhp vo,
v ko n ti v tr cn thit trong Spreadsheet. Nu bn
mun xut gi tr ca bin ra, bn ko n t Spreadsheet ti
v tr cn thit.
Thm cng thc (Adding formulas)
C th to cc cng thc ton hc phc tp trong Spreadsheet, s
dng c php ging nh bng tnh thng thng. S hc, logarit,
hm lng gic c th thc hin trong Spreadsheet.
Tt c cc hm bnh thng u c k hiu + ng trc. Nhng
hm c bit phi c k hiu @ ng trc.
Mt s hm nh sau:
Addition (+):

+ A1+A2

Subtraction (-):

+A1-A2

Multiplication (*):

+A1*A2

Division (/):

+A1/A2

Power (^):

+A1^3

Absolute Value (@ABS):

@ABS(A1)

Square Root (@SQRT):

@SQRT(A1)

Natural Log (@ln):

@ln(A1)
13

www.thuvien247.net
Exponential (@exp):

@exp(A1)

Cc bin sau cn phi nhp vo Spreadsheet :

Thm gi tr cc hng s sau vo Spreadsheet:

Cc h s chuyn i n v cn thit :
1 kw-h = 3412 Btu
1 kw-h = 3600 kJ

14

www.thuvien247.net
Cng c th thm vo nhng nhn xt, mc d khng thc s cn
thit. Sau khi tt c nhng bin cn thit c nhp vo cng vi
cc cng thc c a vo, giao din ca Spreadsheet s nh hnh
sau y:

Nhng no trong Spreadsheet s c nh ngha hm mc

tiu? (tc l no bn mun ti a)?
nh ngha hm tng quan (RVP<96.5 kPa) tham chiu cc
trong Spreadsheet.

15

www.thuvien247.net
Functions tab
Trong Funtions tab c 2 nhm, Hm mc tiu (Objective
Function) v Hm tng quan (Constraint Function).
1. Trong cc ca Objective Function group xc nh trong
Spreadsheet nh ngha hm mc tiu. S dng menu ko th
trong Edit Bar chn ph hp. S nhn c Current
Value ca hm mc tiu.
2. Chn phm Maximinize
3. Trong Constraint Function, bm phm Add pha di xc
nh cc i lng lin quan.

Parameters tab
S dng la chn cho tnh ton ti u ha.
Box: iu khin cc quan h bt ng thc m khng iu
khin ng thc. Ni chung cn c s lng cc vng lp ln
hn a ra c gii php hi t.
SQP: Sequential Quadratic Programming - theo tun t ca
chng trnh x l cc vng lp v lin kt cn bng. Phng
php mang tnh hiu qu nht trong tnh ton cc tiu.
Mixed: ch iu khin cc quan h bt ng thc. L kt hp
phng php Box v phng php SQP. Qu trnh tnh ton
16

www.thuvien247.net
bt u ti gi tr nh nht vi phng php Box s dng sai
s quy t rt khng chnh xc. Sau khi hi t, phng php
SQP s t ti gi tr cn thit trong gii php cui cng.
Fletcher Reeves: khng iu khin cc lin kt. Phng
php ny c hiu qu cho gi tr nh nht ni chung.
Quasi Newton: khng iu khin cc kt ni cng ging
phng php Fletcher Reeves trn.
1. Chn phng php SQR t Scheme.
2. S dng sai s v s vng lp mc nh.

Monitor tab
Xem li cc kt qu trong hm mc tiu, bin c s v hm lin kt
trong qu trnh tnh ton Optimizer.
Di chuyn ti Monitor tab v bm phm Star bt u qu trnh
tnh ton ti u.

Save your case

17

www.thuvien247.net
Phn tch kt qu
Khi qu trnh Optimization hon thnh, xem xt cc kt qu
nhn c v in vo bng sau:

Khm ph vi M phng
Bi tp 1
C mt vn bn cn ch vi kt qu nhn c sau kh ti u
ha l p sut hi ca a th 3 gim ti 70 kPa (10 psia) nh
hn p sut kh quyn. khng phi l iu kin c thit k
cho dng vo my nn. u vo ca my nn 2, Comp2, khng
c nh hn 125 kPa (19 psia). Li ch ln nht l g nu nh bn
lm theo hng dn ny.
18

www.thuvien247.net

Thp chng ct du th
(chng ct kh quyn)
Ni dung
Thp chng ct p sut kh quyn l mt trong nhng thit b quan
trng nht trong cng nghip ch bin du m. L mt thit b in
hnh, n nm ngay sau thit b tch mui v gia nhit du th. Thp
chng c nhim v phn tch du th thnh cc phn on khc nhau
bao gm: naphtha, kerosene, du nh, du nng v AGO.
Trong module ny, bn s xy dng, chy th, phn tch, v thao tc
m phng mt thp chng ct kh quyn. Bn s bt u xy dng mt
thp chng n gin v tip tc thm cc thit b cnh sn vo thp.

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh module ny bn c th:
Xy dng v hi t mt thp chng n gin.
S dng Hysys phn tch v d bo cc hot ng ca thp m
phng.
Thm cc thit b sn thp nh hi lu tng hiu qu v kh
nng phn tch.
Nghin cu ct gim chi ph, chi tit tng cht lng sn phm.

Yu cu
Trc khi bt u module ny bn cn phi bit cch:
Add dng v thit b
M t v ci t thng s du th.
1

www.thuvien247.net

S cng ngh chng ct du th p sut kh quyn

www.thuvien247.net

S thp chng ct kh quyn

www.thuvien247.net

M rng Flowsheet
Load case Preheat Train t Module 2 (Oil 2. Pre-Heat Train).
Cc tham s ca cc sn phm t thp chng ct
Trc khi bt u xy dng mt thp chng ct du th cn phi bit
tnh cht ca cc sn phm mong mun nhn c t thp chng ct.
Hysys cung cp thng tin ny di dng th.
Distribution Plots tab
hin th biu m t
phn b thnh phn
phn on trong thp
chng ct du th.

1. Tr li Basis Environment, vo Oil Manager.

2. Di Cut/Blend tab, chn Crude blend v nhn View.
3. Ti Distribution Plot tab, s hin th cc thng s.
4. S dng Straight Run ct theo phn on, hon thnh bng sau:
Component

Volume%

Volume in 100000 bbl

Off Gas + Lt St Run

Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel (light+heavy)
AGO
Residue
Nhp dng hi nc vo y thp
1. Nhp dng tn Btm Steam. Cc thng s nhit , p sut v lu
lng dng nh trong bng sau:
Thnh phn phn khi
lng H2O trong tt
c cc dng hi nc
l 1.0

Btm Steam

Temperature

Pressure

Flowrate

190oC (375oF)

1035 kPa

3400 kg/h

(150 psia)

(7500 lb/hr)

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp thp chng ct kh quyn

Thp chng ct c m phng da trn thit b Refluxed Absorber.
1.
2.

Chn thit b Refluxed Absorber.

Input Expert Page hin th, nhp d liu nh hnh v:

Cc thp chng ct
du th lun lun yu
cu c dng nc

3. Bm phm Next chuyn ti trang tip theo ca Input Expert.

Nhp tip cc d liu nh trn giao din sau:

Lun lun yu cu
nhp gi tr p sut
cho stage 1 ca thp
chng ct du th.
Thp c th khng hi
t nu thiu gi tr
ny.

4. Bm Next chuyn sang trang tip theo ca Input Expert.

Nhp cc s liu nh trn giao din di y:
5

www.thuvien247.net

Thp chng ct du
tho d dng hi t nu
nhp y ba gi tr
nhit gn ng.

5. Bm Next chuyn sang trang tip ca Input Expert. Nhp

cc s liu nh trn giao din di y:

Cc gi tr c nh l
cc gi tr tnh
ton. Cn cc gi tr
gn ng l cc gi tr
s c chng trnh
hiu chnh khi hi t
thp

6. Sau khi bm vo phm Done, di chuyn n trang Column

Property View. Vo Design tab, m Monitor page.
7. Cc gi tr cn nhp l:
Lu lng th tch c
th thay i, khi cn.

Distillate rate: 150 m3/hr (22500 bbl/day) (estimate).

Vap Prod Rate: 0 (active + estimate), c ngha l
condenser hot ng ch ngng t hon ton
8. Nhn Run thp hi t
Lu lng dng Naphta, Residue, nc thi, kh thi bng bao nhiu?
6

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp Side Strippers v Pump Arounds

Side Strippers (Thit b bay hi cnh sn) c thm vo bn cnh
thp nhm ci thin cht lng ca ba sn phm chnh: Kerosene,
Diesel, AGO. C hai loi thit b Stripped c sn trong Hysys:
Reboiled v Steam Stripped. Ci t mt Reboiler bc hi cnh
sn v hai thit b Steam Stripped.
Pump Arounds (bm tun hon) gip ci thin kh nng phn tch
ca thp. Dng lng t mt a c lm lnh v bm vo a cao hn.
Trn thc t, qu trnh ny l s hi lu gia hai a.
1. Vo Side Ops tab, chn Side Strippers; bm Add v nhp cc
thng tin nh hnh v sau:

Khi nhp tn dng,

khng cn nhp
@COL1 v HYSYS
s t ng thm vo.

2. Bm Install. Cc thng s chi tit ca Side Stripper s xut

hin. ng giao din li.
3. Tip tc vi Side Ops tab, chn Pump Around v nhn Add.
4. Nhp d liu nh hnh v:
7

www.thuvien247.net

5. Bm Install. Trong trang tip theo, trc ht bm phm Change

v nhp d liu nh hnh v (nu s dng h n v Anh gi tr
lu lng dng s l 30,000 BPD):

6. ng Parameter Tab li v tip tc bm phm Change ln th

2 v nhp d liu nh hnh v (nu s dng h n v Anh gi
tr Duty s l -3.5e7 BTU/hr):
8

www.thuvien247.net

7. ng Parameter Tab li. Khi tt c cc d liu c nhp,

s hin th giao din nh sau:

8. ng ca s ny li. Pump Around c ci t v xc nh.

9. Trong Work Sheet tab, nhp cc thng tin sau y cho dng
AGO Steam:
9

www.thuvien247.net

In this Cell

Enter

Temperature

150oC (300oF)

Nh rng thnh phn

dng hi nc lun
lun l 100% nc

Pressure

350 kPa (50 psia)

Mass Flow

1150 kg/hr (2500lb/hr)

Sau khi lm thay i

thc cht cho thit k
thp (columns design)
cn phi reset cc gi
tr ny trc khi cho
thp hi t bng ch
bm phm Reset

10. Tr li Design tab v Monitor page. Chc chn rng gi tr

Degrees of Freedom l 0.
11. Sau nhn Run hi t thp.

SAVE YOUR CASE!

10

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp cc thit b cnh sn cho Diesel

Cc bc dng ci t AGO Side-Ops c lp li tng t ci
t Diesel Side-Ops.
1. Trong Side Ops tab, chn Side Stripper v bm phm Add .
Nhp cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Name

Diesel SS

Draw Stage

17

Return Stage

16

Prod Stream

Diesel Prod

Prod Rate

130 m3/hr (19250 BPD)

Configuration

Stream Stripped

Steam Feed

Diesel Steam

2. Trong Side Ops tab, chn Pump Around, nhn Add v nhp cc
thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Name

Diesel PA

Draw Stage

17

Return Stage

16

Flow Rate

200 m3/hr (30000 BPD)

Duty

-3.7e7 kJ/hr (-3.5e7 BTU/hr)

11

www.thuvien247.net

3. Trong Work Sheet tab, nhp cc thng s cho Diesel Steam:

In this cell

Enter

Temperature

150oC (300oF)

Pressure

350 kPa (50 psia)

Mass Flow

1350 kg/hr (3000lb/hr)

4. Tr li Design tab v Monitor page. Hy chc chn rng gi tr

Degrees of Freedom l 0.
5. Bm phm Run hi t thp

Nhp cc thit b cnh sn cho Kerosene

Cc bc tin hnh tng t vi phn on Kerosene
1. Nhp Side Stripper vi cc thng s sau:
In this cell

Enter

Name

Kerosene SS

Draw Stage

Return Stream

Prod Stream

Kerosene Prod

Prod Rate

62 m3/hr (9300 BPD)

Configuration

Reboiled

Boil Up Ratio

0.75

Boilup Ratio l t l
gia hi v lng ra
khi reboiler.

2. Add Pump Around th ba vi cc thng tin sau:

12

www.thuvien247.net

In this cell

Enter

Name

Kerosene PA

Draw Stage

Return Stage

Flow Rate

330m3/hr (50000 BPD)

Duty

-5.8e7 kJ/hr (-5.5e7 BTU/hr)

3. Tr li Design tab v Monitor page. Chc chn rng gi tr

Degrees of Freedom l 0.
4. Bm phm Run hi t thp
Lu lng dng Naphtha by gi l bao nhiu?
Lu lng dng Residue by gi l baonhiu?

SAVE YOUR CASE!

13

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp dng nng lng cho thp chng kh quyn

Trong m hnh thp, cc dng lng c hi lu cnh sn nhng li
khng c un nng y thp. khc phc, mt thit b trao i
cnh sn c m phng a 28 c gn mt dng nng lng
y thp vi cc thng s c ch nh.
1. Trong PFD, to mt dng nng lng c tn Trim Duty. Khng
nhp thng s cho dng ny.
2. Vo Column Property View, m Connections page trong
Design tab. Trong Feed Streams group, add dng Trim Duty
vo a th 28.
Dng nng lng thm vo khng c y cc thng s ch nh. V
vy cn phi thm mt gi tr khc vo thp xc nh n.
3. Ti trang Specs page, trong Column Specification group nhn
Add
4. Chn Column Liquid Flow t danh sch, v bm phm Add
Spec.
5. Nhp d liu nh hnh sau (nu s dng n v Anh th gi tr s
l 3500 BPD) v ch Active cc tham s:

Gi tr Net Liquid Flow c s

dng biu din s tha hi
(overflash). Lu lng
overflash thng 3-5 LV% ca
lu lng dng du th:
(660m3/hr*3.5%=23m3/hr)

14

www.thuvien247.net

6. Thay i gi tr ch nh Kerosene SS BoilUp Ratio thnh

Estimate. Gi tr ny c th s mu thun vi mt trong s cc
gi tr va thit lp. Tuy nhin chunga tra s c cc xc nh
dng Kerosen SS Reboiler. Gi tr Duty s c s dng cho
mc ch ny.
7. Nhp gi tr Column Duty vi cc thng tin nh hnh sau
(7.5e6BTU/hr) ch Active:

8. Tr li Monitor page v chc chn rng gi tr Degrees of

Freedom l 0. Bm phm Run hi t thp.

SAVE YOUR CASE!

15

www.thuvien247.net

Khm ph vi M phng
Maximizing theo sn phm Naphtha
Thp c tnh ton da trn cc thng s lu lng dng sn
phm. Cc gi tr ny cha trong Distribution Plot trong Oil Manager
(nh li bi tp trong trang 5 ca Module ny). Lu lng dng cng
l cch d hiu nht v duy nht xc nh thp; tuy nhin cng l
cch km linh hot nht khi thit lp thp.
V d nh nu lu lng dng du th thay i ng k th thp c th
khng hi t bi v khng tnh ton c cn bng vt cht.
Mt v d khc, l vic ti a vic sn xut mt phn on c th,
chng hn Kerosene. Mt cc n gin l tng lu lng dng ca
Kerosene nhng iu ny gy ra mt h qu tiu cc l lm gim bt
cht lng sn phm.
V vy, mt phng php khc xc nh cc dng c th l tt hn
trong trng hp ny. Cc ph bin nht l s dng Cut Point
Specifications xc nh cc dng sn phm.
Trang Distribution Plot trong Oil Manager th hin cc im ct c
dng mt th. ti a lng Kerosene th phm vi Cut Point c
m rng ra i cht.
V d, nu mun ti a lng Naphtha. Lu lng dng Naphtha v
Kerosene c lin quan n nhau th cc gi tr im ct s c xc
nh vi nhng iu kin c th.
Trc khi ti a ha vic sn xut cc sn phm khc nhau, cc thng
s c bn cn c xc nh. S dng BP Curves Utility hon
thnh bng sau:

16

www.thuvien247.net

Flow

D86 CutPoint Temperatures, oC

m3/hr (bbl/d)

5%

Naphtha

150 (24,000)

Kerosene

62 (9,000)

Diesel

130 (19,500)

AGO

30 (5,000)

95%

ti a ha cc sn phm, bn cn phi nhp Cut Point specificatin

thay th cc gi tr lu lng sn phm.

SAVE YOUR CASE!

17

www.thuvien247.net

Exercise 1
Maximize the Production of Full Range Naphtha
To maximize the production of Naphtha, it is necessary to increase its
95 vol% cutpoint temperature. At the same time, the Kerosenes 5
vol% cutpoint temperature will show a corresponding increase as the
lighter Kerosene components are transferred into the Naphtha product
(becoming the heavier Naphtha components). changing the flow rate
specifications for both the Naphtha and Kerosene products to ASTM
D86 95% vol% cutpoints, we can maximize the production of a full
range Naphtha from the column.

Product

Specifications

Flow
M3/h (bbl/d)

Naphtha

95% D86 Naphtha

190oC (375oF)

Kerosene

95% D86 Kerosene

245oC(470oF)

Diesel

Flow

130m3/h (19500
bbl/d)

AGO

Flow

30m3/h (5000 bbl/d)

18

www.thuvien247.net

Exercise 2
Maximize the Production of a Full Range Kerosene

To maximize the production of Kerosene, its boiling point range

has to be expanded. The ASTM D86 95 vol% cutpoint for
Naphtha should be lowered to 162C (325F), the base case value,
and the 95 vol% of Kerosene raised to 275C (525F). Change the
Diesel product flowrate specification to an ASTM D86 95 vol%
cutpoint specification of 330C (625F).

Product
Naphtha

Specifications

Flow
m /h (bbl/d)
3

95% D86 Naphtha

162oC (325oF)

Kerosene

95% D86 Kerosene

275oC(525oF)

Diesel

95% D86 Diesel

330oC (625oF)

AGO

Flow

30m3/h (5000bbl/d)

19

www.thuvien247.net

Exercise 3
Maximize the Production of a Full Range Diesel
The production of Diesel can be maximized in a similar manner to
maximizing Kerosene. The ASTM D86 95 vol% for Naphtha is 162C
(325F). The Kerosene ASTM D86 95 vol% is lowered to 220C
(430F). The ASTM 95 vol% Diesel specification should be increased
to 360C (675F). Since the AGO flowrate will have to change, its
flowrate specification should be changed to an ASTM D86 95 vol%
cutpoint specification of 415C (780F).

Product
Naphtha

Specifications

Flow
m /h (bbl/d)
3

95% D86 Naphtha

162oC (325oF)

Kerosene

95% D86 Kerosene

220oC(430oF)

Diesel

95% D86 Diesel

360oC(675oF)

AGO

95% D86 AGO

30m3/h (5000bbl/d)

415C (780F)

20

www.thuvien247.net

Chng ct chn khng

(Chng ct du th)
Ni dung
Chng ct chn khng thng c s dng trong cng nghip lc du
ch bin phn cn ca qu trnh chng ct kh quyn. Thp chng
ct chn khng chng ct phn cn vi p sut nh hn p sut kh
quyn, cho php tch thm phn cn du m.

Mc tiu
Khi hon thnh bi ny bn c th thit lp c Thp chng ct chn
khng trong HYSYS vi cc ng ly sn phm bn cnh sn ca
thp v cc bm hi lu.

Yu cu
Trc khi lm bn cn phi bit:
Nhp cc thit b vo PFD.
Nhp cc thng s k thut ca thp chng.
Nhp cc thit b cnh sn thp chng nh bm hi lu.

www.thuvien247.net
S cng ngh chng ct chn khng

www.thuvien247.net
S thp chng chn khng

Xy dng m phng.
Thp chng ct kh
quyn phi hi t,
s dng lu lng
dng sn phm
y, m khng s
dng CutPoint
spec.

Thp chng ct chn khng l mt loi thp, c cu hnh nh thp hp

ph c thm cc bm hi lu. i vi m hnh ny bn s tip tc xy
dng cc case trong cc module trc (Thp chng ct kh quyn). Sn
phm y ca thp chng ct kh quyn phi c gia nhit v gim p
sut trc khi s dng n lm nguyn liu cho thp chng ct chn
khng. Thit b gia nhit s c t trc cc dng vo ca thp
chng ct chn khng thc hin hai nhim v cng lc.
Nhp thit b gia nhit (Heater)
Nhp thit b gia nhit v cc tham s ca n nh trong bng sau.

www.thuvien247.net

Nhp thp chn khng (Vacuum Tower)

1. Nhp Absorber Column v cc thng tin ca thp nh sau.

Khi nhp cc thng

tin cho thp yu cu
phi nhp s a ca
thp trc khi Next
sang cc trang khc.
Dng nguyn liu t
tn l Dummy. N s
c xo sau ny.

2. Trong mc Optional Side Draws nhp cc thng tin.

Vi mi dng sn
phm cnh sn
yu cu c mt bc
t do v v vy m
yu cu c mt
thng s k thut.

3. Bm phm Next ti trang Pressure Profile v nhp cc thng tin.

4. Bm phm Next ti trang Temperature Estimates, nhp cc gi

tr ca sau bm Done .

www.thuvien247.net

5. Trong trang Specs ca Design tab, nhp cc gi tr lu lng:

Gi tr ca Vacuum Ovhd l 9 kgmole/hr (20lbmole/hr)
Gi tr ca LVGO l 32 m3/hr (4,800 bbl/day)
Gi tr ca HVGO l 90 m3/hr (13,700 bbl/day).
Bc t do by gi l -1, nhp cc gi tr cn thit cho spec LVGO
PumpAround.

Nhp bm hi lu cnh sn (Pump Arounds)

Nhp vo 3 bm hi lu v cc thng tin cn thit nh trong cc bng
sau ay.
Pump Around 1 LVGO

Sau khi lm cc thay

i vi thp, Bn phi
bm phm Reset trc
khi bm Run.

By gi dng nguyn liu th 2 i vo a th nht ca thp v vy c

th b dng Dummy i.
5

www.thuvien247.net

1. Xa dng nguyn liu vo nh thp chng chn khng, Dummy

2. Bm phm Run v hi t thp.

Lu lng dng th tch ca Vacuum Residue l bao nhiu?

Lu lng dng th tch ca Vacuum Ovhd l bao nhiu?
Cng sut ca PumpAround 1 l bao nhiu?

Pump Around 2

Pump Around 3

Quay li Design tab, Monitor page. Kim tra li Degrees of Freedom

bng 0. Phi chc chn rng thng s PA_1 Duty khng c kch
hot. Bm Run hi t thp.

www.thuvien247.net

Lu lng dng th tch Vacuum Residue by gi l bao nhiu?

Lu lng dng th tch Vacuum Ovhd by gi l bao nhiu?
Cc gi tr c g thay i so vi trc? __________
Ti sao li phi nhp cc bm hi lu vo sau? __________

Thp chng chn khng hi t s dng Overhead Gas Flow Rate.

C l s tt hn khi s dng tham s nhit nh. Thay i tham s
Overhead Vapour Product Rate bng tham s Top Temperature,
s dng gi tr l 80oC (175oF ).

Lu lng ca dng kh nh thp mi (Overhead Gas Flow)

l bao nhiu

Save your case!

www.thuvien247.net

Ti u ha thp chng ct du th

Ni dung
Cng c Optimizer trong HYSYS c th c s dng tm max,
min ca cc hm mc tiu bt k, cc hm c th nhp v/hoc tnh
ton vi HYSYS spreadsheet. V d nh tm li nhun ln nht t thp
chng kh quyn bng cch ti u ha la chn du th v nhit
dng nguyn liu vo.

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh xong bi ny, bn c th:
S dng cng c Optimizer trong HYSYS ti u ha cc lu
trnh.
S dng Spreadsheed thc hin cc tnh ton.

M rng lu trnh (Expanding the Flowsheet)

Tip tc bi thp chng chn khng. Trong bi ny, chng ta s ti u
ha lu lng dng nguyn liu v lu lng sn phm thu c
li nhun l ti a.
Trong cc bi trc, ch s dng mt hn hp du th; tuy nhin, bn
c th thay i bng du th r hn l du nng v thc hin m
phng, tm cch ti u ha lu lng dng du nng ny.

Khi to dng du th mi
1. Vo Basis Enviroment v truy cp vo Oil Manager.
2. Thm mu du th mi vi d liu v TBP nh di y:

www.thuvien247.net

Liquid Volume %

TBP (oC)

30

10

90

20

160

30

240

50

350

60

430

3. Nhp gi tr khi lng ring ca du th l 23 API_60 (bulk

density).
4. Thm mt hn hp mi (new Blend) v chia thnh 20 im ct.
5. Dng du th mi t tn l Heavy Crude, cn dng du th
c thit lp t trc i tn l Raw Crude.
6. Tr li Main Simulation Environment.

Thm dng du th mi vo thp chng

Dng Heavy Crude by gi c xc nh, s kt ni n vo
Mixer, MIX-100.
1. Thm dng Heavy Crude vo Mixer, MIX-100 (l Mixer kt
hp cc dng Raw Crude v Water).
2. Lu lng dng Raw Crude l 330 m3/h.
3. Dng ra khi Mixer l Feed, vi lu lng 693 m3/h. y l lu
lng tng ca hn hp dng du v nc.

www.thuvien247.net
Thay i cc tham s ca thp
Trong v d ny, s thay i lu lng ca dng du th vo thp.
Thay i tham s lu lng dng sn phm khng phi l mt tng
tt trong trng hp ny. Bi v cc dng sn phm s thay i, nn l
mt tng hay khi khng kch hot thp chng chn bng cch bm
vo Ignore.
c tnh Cut Point cho thp chng kh quyn s c a v gi tr
mc nh ban u. V vy, trong trang Monitor, nhp thng tin sau cho
danh sch cc c tnh nh sau. Nh rng y l 95% D86 Cutpoints.

Hy nh bm phm
Ignore cho thp
chng chn khng.

In this cell

Enter

Naphtha Cut Point

180oC (355oF)

Kerosene Cut Point

245oC (475oF)

Diesel Cut Point

320oC (610oF)

AGO Cut Point

420oC (790oF)

Nhng gi tr ca im ct (Cut Point) khng c ngha l xc nh gi

tr ln nht ca mt im ct no , nhng gi tr ny s cung cp
cht lng sn phm cho mi khong ct. Hi t li thp vi nhng
c tnh gi tr im ct mi.

The Optimizer

Ch nhng c tnh
c ngi dng thit
lp (c mu xanh) c HYSYS c cng c Optimizer c th ti u ha a bin trong m
s dng nh l Primary phng tnh. Khi lu trnh c xy dng v hi t, bn c th s
Variables.
dng Optimizer tm cc iu kin vn hnh c hm mc tiu l max
Hn ch ca Optimizer:
Ch tnh ton trong
m phng tnh.
Khng th s dng
Optimizer trong
Templates.

hay min. Optimizer trong Spreadsheet dng trong vic xc nh hm

mc tiu cng nh bt k iu kin rng buc no c s dng. iu
cho php bn xy dng c hm mc tiu thu c li nhun
ln nht, h thng ph tr t nht hoc nng lng b trao i nhit
UA l nh nht.

www.thuvien247.net
Primary Variables l nhng bin ca qu trnh m gi tr ca
n c iu khin ti u ha hm mc tiu (t gi tr cc
i hoc cc tiu). Bn c th thit lp khong bin ca bin
ny, s c dng thit lp khong tm kim gi tr ti u.
Objective Function y l hm s c ti u ha (cc i hoc
cc tiu). Hm ny phi c xc nh trong Spreadsheet. iu
ny cho php ngi s dng linh hot trong vic xc nh hm.
Constraint Functions cc ng thc v bt ng thc c
xc nh trong Spreadsheet. Trong qu trnh tnh ton hm mc
tiu, Optimizer phi thc hin cc iu kin rng buc do ngi
s dng xc nh ban u.
Trong bi ny, mc tiu ti u ha l tng li nhun t ln nht, c
ti u bng cch la chn nguyn liu du th v lu lng dng hi
nc hi lu. Doanh thu t thp chng kh quyn l cc sn phm
Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel, AGO v cn du Residual. Trong trng
hp ny, chi ph t nht l nhit nng condenser, reboiler v gi tin
nguyn liu du th. Tt nhin, li nhun l hiu s gia doanh thu v
chi ph.
Li nhun = Doanh thu Chi ph
Li nhun = Cc sn phm Chi ph nng lng Chi ph nguyn liu.

Thit lp cng c Optimizer

Optimizer l cng
c tnh ton, khng
phi l thit b v
khng xut hin
trong PFD.

c Optimizer, la chn Simulation Optimizer t Menu bar hoc

n phm nng <F5>.

Variables Tab
Khi bn a Optimizer ra ln u tin, bn s thy Variables Tab. Ti
y, bn c th xc nh cc bin ca qu trnh (Process Variables)
c s dng trong tnh ton ti u ha.
n vo phm Add thm hai bin Primary Variables ri nhp thng
tin nh trong bng sau:

www.thuvien247.net

Gi tr upper v
lower l rt quan
trng. y l gi tr
t c t thit k
hin ti ca bn, ch
ng t gi tr
bin ln nht cho
Steam Heat Flow ln
hn gi tr xut hin
trong case ca bn.

Object

Variable

Lower

Upper

Raw Crude

Liquid Volumn Flow

66 m3/hr

660 m3/hr

Feed

Temperature

220oC

245oC

Gi tr ca dng Heavy Crude 594 m3/hr (90,000 bbl/d), lu lng

dng Raw Crude cn trong khong 66 m3/hr (10,000 bbl/d) v 660
m3/hr (100,000 bbl/d).
Xc nh Spreadsheet
Cng c Optimizer i hi phi xc nh hm mc tiu v cc iu
kin rng buc gia chng. Primary Variable c th c nhp v hm
xc nh trong Optimizer Spreadsheet.
Nhp v xut cc bin
Bn c th nhp bt k mt bin no trong m phng vo Spreadsheet
v xut cc gi tr t trong ca Spreadsheet ti bt k trng c tnh
no trong m phng ca bn.
Object Inspection kim sot mc tiu (n phm tri chut) vo
m bn mun xut hoc nhp thng tin t . T Menu xut
hin, chn Import Variable hoc Export Formula Result. Sau
, s dng Variable Navigator, la chn bin m bn mun
xut hoc nhp.

Gi tr trong cc ca
Spreadsheet s thay i
khi thay i bin trong
Flowsheet. Biu tng
ca Spreadsheet xut
hin trong PFD.

Connections page Tab la chn phm Add Import hoc Add

Export, sau s dng Variable Navigator, la chn bin m
bn mun xut hoc nhp.
Dragn Drop s dng phm tri chut, click vo gi tr ca
bin (t Workbook hoc Property View) m bn mun nhp, v
th vo v tr mong mun trong Spreadsheet. Nu bn mun
nhp bin, ko t Spreadsheet ti v tr bn mun nhp.

Nhp nh cc thng tin di y trong Spreadsheet:

www.thuvien247.net

Kch thc ca
Spreadsheet c
th c hiu
chnh trong
Parameters tab.
t s dng l 15.

Cell

Object

B1

Naphtha

B2

Kerosene

B3

Diesel

B4

AGO

B5

Atm Residue

B7

Raw Crude

B8

Heavy Crude

B10

Cond Duty

B11

Trim Duty

Variable

Liquid Volumn Flow

Heat Flow

www.thuvien247.net
Nhp thm cc gi tr nh bng di y vo Spreadsheet:

Bn c th thay
i kiu bin $
thnh khng th
nguyn.

Cell

Valueper day

Comment

C1

$220/m3

Naphtha Price

C2

$194/m3

Kerosene Price

C3

$176/m3

Diesel Price

C4

$145/m3

AGO Price

C5

$113/m3

Residue Price

C7

$151/m3

Raw Crude Price

C8

$148/m3

Heavy Crude Price

C10

$25/MW-hr

Condenser Energy Price

C11

$30/MW-hr

Btm Steam Energy Price

Thm cc cng thc tnh

Cc cng thc tnh ton c th c thit lp, s dng c php n
gin tnh ton trong Spreadsheet. Hm s hc, loga v lng gic c
th c thc hin trong Spreadsheet.
Tt c cc hm phi c k t + i ng trc. Mt s hm c bit
phi c thm k t @.
Mt s hm nh di y:
Cng (+) : +A1+A2
Tr (-): +A1-A2
n Function Help
xem cc hm v biu
thc c th c trong
Spreadsheet.

Nhn (*): +A1*A2

Chia (/): +A1/A2
Bc (^): +A1^3
Tr tuyt i (@ABS): +@ABS(A1)
Bnh phng (@SQRT): +@SQRT(A1)
Loga t nhin (@ln): +@ln(A1)

www.thuvien247.net
S m (@exp): +exp(A1)
Thm cc cng thc sau vo Spreadsheet. Trong D10 v D11 khng
c cng thc. Ch c bit v n v khi nhp cc cng thc ny:

D13 cha hm
mc tiu ca bn.
y l gi tr bn
mun ti a n.

In this cell

Enter

Comments

D1

+B1*C1

Naphtha Revenue

D2

+B2*C2

Kerosene Revenue

D3

+B3*C3

Diesel Revenue

D4

+B4*C4

AGO Revenue

D5

+B5*C5

Residue Revenue

D6

+D1+D2+D3+D4+D5

Total Revenue

D7

+B7*C7

Raw Crude Cost

D8

+B8*C8

Heavy Crude Cost

D9

+D7+D8

Total Crude Cost

D10

Condenser Steam

D11

Trim Duty Steam

D12

+D10+D11

Total Steam Cost

D13

+D6-D9-D12

Profit

Cng thc no cn c nhp vo D10?...............................................

V 11?....................................................................................................

Quan st n v. Tt
c cc n v trong
thp l $/hr hay
$/day

Gi tr trong D13 l hm mc tiu. Nu h n v bn chn l SI th

gi tr thu c l $/hr, cn nu bn chn Field, gi tr c n v l
$/day.
Functions Tab
Functions tab c cha hai nhm l Objective Function v Constraint
Functions.
1. Trong vng Cell ca nhm Objective Function, to lp c
tnh ca Spreadsheet xc nh hm mc tiu. S dng danh

www.thuvien247.net

sch th xung t Edit Bar, la chn D13. ny c hm mc

tiu l li nhun. Gi tr hin ti ca hm mc tiu s hin th
trong Current Value.
2. Chn phm Maximize.
3. Thm cc iu kin rng buc khc vo nhm Constraint
Functions Chng ta s khng c cc iu kin rng buc khc
no c. Optimizer s khng ph v cc gi tr c thit lp
cho cc thit b khc. V d, Optimizer vn gi c tnh Cut
Point thit lp cho thp.

Gi tr hin ti ca Objective Function............................

Parameters Tab
Parameter tab c s dng la chn cch thc ti u ha.
Box tnh ton cc bt ng thc m khng tnh cc ng thc.
Ni chung yu cu s bc lp ln hi t c gii php.
c thm thng
tin v cch thc
ti u ha, tham
kho bi 17.2
hoc Help
Online.

SQP Sequential Quadratic Programming, tnh ton c bt ng

thc v ng thc. a s trng hp s dng tnh bi ton
tm gi tr cc tiu.
Mixed ch tnh bt ng thc. y l s kt hp ca hai
phng php Box v SQP trn. N bt u tnh bng gi tr

www.thuvien247.net

nh nht vi phng php Box, s dng sai s hi t khng cht

ch. Sau khi hi t, phng php SQP c s dng tm ra
gii php cui cng.
c thm thng
tin chi tit
Optimization
Schemes, c
trong ti liu
hng dn sextion
17.2 hoc Help
on-line.

Fletchet Reeves khng tnh cc biu thc rng buc. Phng

php hiu qu cho tm gi tr min.
Quasi Newton nh Fletcher Reeves nhng n gin hn.
1. Chn phng php Mixer l cch thc ti u ha.
2. S dng sai s cho php (Tolerance) v s vng lp (Number
of Iterations) nh mc nh.

Monitor tab

Cc gi tr rng
buc l dng
nu l bt
ng thc tha
mn, l m nu
bt ng thc
khng tha mn.

Monitor tab hin th gi tr ca Objective Function, Primary Variable

v Constraint Function trong sut qu trnh tnh ton ca Optimizer.
Chuyn sang Monitor tab, n phm Start bt u ti u ha.
Thng mt vi pht ti u ha thp chng.
Gi tr ca Objective Function sau khi ti u ha l bao nhiu?.......
Ci g c th lm tng thm gi tr ny?......................................

www.thuvien247.net

The HYSYS Spreadsheet

(Advance 4_1)
Ni dung
HYSYS Spreadsheet l mt cng c mnh cho php ngi s dng
p dng cc chc nng ca chng trnh vo vic m hnh ha s
dy chuyn sn xut. Spreadsheet c kh nng truy cp vo tt
c cc bin, do ng dng v chc nng ca n l khng gii hn.
Trong module ny, Spreadsheet s c s dng trong vic tnh
ton m ca van an ton. Khng ging nh Depressurizing,
Spreadsheet s tnh ton din tch cn thit cho dng vo.

Mc tiu
Sau khi hon thnh module, bn c th:
Nhp v xut cc bin vo Spreadsheet.
Thm cc cng thc vo Spreadsheet.
S dng Spreadsheet trong nhiu ng dng.
M rng v chy ngn ng Macro sa i cc chng trnh.

Yu cu
Trc khi bt u module, bn nn:
Nhp dng v cc n v tnh ton vo PFD.
Sp xp hp l trn giao din ca HYSYS.

www.thuvien247.net
S cng ngh

The HYSYS Spreadsheet

Vi kh nng truy cp vo tt c cc bin, Spreadsheet l mt cng
c rt mnh trong HYSYS. iu c th hin y qua vic
c th thm cc cng thc, chc nng, cc ton t logic, v h tr
lp trnh c bn.
Nh kh nng xut v nhp cc bin, c ngha l c mt s lin
quan trc tip gia mi trng m phng v Spreadsheet. V vy
bt k s thay i no trong mi trng m phng ngay lp tc
c phn nh trong Spreadsheet v ngc li.
Spreadsheet c mt s ng dng ph bin. V d Spreadsheet c th
c s dng trong cc trng hp sau:
Chuyn cc bin gia cc objects trong s cng ngh.
Lin kt quan h gim p ca cc dng trong trao i nhit.
Thc hin cc qu trnh tnh ton ton hc t cc bin trong
mi trng m phng.
2

www.thuvien247.net
Xut v nhp cc bin (Importing and Exporting
Variables)
Ni dung ca cc bng trong Simulation Environment u c th
c a vo Spreadsheet. Ni dung ca bt c bng no trong
Spreadsheet u c th xut sang bt c bng cc tham s (mu
xanh) trong Simulation Environment. Lu rng ni dung ca
Spreadsheet no khng th ng thi xut v nhp
C 3 cch nhp bin vo Spreadsheet:
+ Drag and Drop (Ko v Th): t con tr chut trn i
tng; sau bm v gi phm phi chut. Di chuyn con tr
chut ti Spreadsheet. Vn trn Spreadsheet, s xut hin con
tr chut s thay i sang kiu "bulls eye". Lc ny nh phm
phi chut. Cc thng tin v bin c nhp s xut hin
trong .
+ Variable Browsing: bin c th nhp vo Spreadsheet bng
cch t con tr vo trng trong Spreadsheet, bm v gi
phm phi chut. Chn Import Variable t trong danh sch
hin th, v chn bin bng cch s dng Variable Navigator.
+ Connections Page: Trong Connections page, bm phm Add
Import v chn bin cn bng cch s dng Variable
Navigator. Sau khi chn bin, chn cn thit t danh sch
ko th.
Qu trnh tng t khi thc hin xut bin t Spreadsheet sang
Simulation Environment:

Cc gi tr trong
bt k no
trong Spreadsheet
c th xut, tr khi
l gi tr c
nhp sang.

+ Drag and Drop (Ko v Th): t con tr ln cn xut t

trong Spreadsheet. Bm v gi phm phi chut; con tr s
thay i sang kiu "bulls eye". Di chuyn con tr "bulls eye"
ti cn thit trong Simulation Environment. Nh phm phi
chut, vic xut bin xong.
+ Variable Browsing: bin c th xut t Spreadsheet sang
Simulation Environment bng cch t con tr vo cn xut
trong Spreadsheet, bm v gi phm phi chut. Chn Export
Formula Result t trong danh sch hin th, v chn v tr
tng ng bng cch s dng Variable Navigator.
3

www.thuvien247.net
+ Connections Page: Trong Connections page, bm phm Add
Export v chn bin cn bng cch s dng Variable
Navigator. Sau khi chn bin, chn cn thit t danh sch
ko th.

B sung cc hm (Adding Spreadsheet Funtions)

xem cc chc
nng c th ca
HYSYS bm phm
Function Help, s
c 2 trang
Functions v
Expressions.

Trong HYSYS, Spreadsheet c nhiu chc nng ton hc v logic.

Cc chng trnh tnh ton trong HYSYS c hnh thc tng t nh
nhiu chng trnh tnh ton khc.
Cc chc nng tnh ton trong Spreadsheet c tin hnh vi du
+ hoc @ ty thuc vo loi chc nng. Du + c s dng
trong tnh ton cng, tr, nhn, chia. Cn du @ c dng trc
cc chc nng c bit nh: logarit, lng gic, logic.
Mt s v d v cc chc nng v dng tnh ton trong HYSYS:

Gi tr bng s ca
cc c th c
copy sang khc
bng cch s dng
cng thc n
gin,v d +A1.

+ Cng: s dng +, v d +A1+A2

+ Tr: s dng -, v d +A1-A2
+ Nhn: s dng *, v d +A1*A2
+ Chia: s dng /, v d +A1/A2
+ M: s dng ^, v d +A1^4
+ Ly tha: s dng !, v d +A1!
+ Cn bc hai: s dng @SQRT, v d @SQRT(A1)

Cc du ngoc kp
l bt buc trong
cc chc nng
nng cao ca
HYSYS Chng
cng c th c
s dng thit
lp trnh t tnh
ton

+ Sin, Cos, Tang: s dng @sin, @cos, @tan, v d: sin(A2).

Cc hm lng gic ngc cng c th c s dng, @asin,
@acos, and @atan. Cc hm Hyperbolic cng c trong
HYSYS, @sinh, @cosh, and @tanh.
+ Hm logarit c dng sau: @ln, @log, @exp.
+ Pi n gin ch cn "+pi" s biu din s 3.1416....

Logical Operatiors
Spreadsheet h tr cc tnh ton logic Boolean, c dng logic
ng/sai. Cu lnh ng c gi tr bng 1, v cu lnh sai c gi tr
4

www.thuvien247.net
bng 0. V d phn t A1 c gi tr bng 10, phn t A2 c gi tr
bng 5. Nu cu lnh logic +A1<A2 c nhp vo phn t A3. Th
phn t ny hin th gi tr bng 0 bi v cu lnh logic l sai.
Mt s ton t logic c dng nh sau c th c s dng trong cu
lnh logic Boolean:
+ Bng: s dng ==, v d +A1==A2
+ Khng bng: s dng !=, v d +A1!=A2
+ Ln hn: s dng >, v d +A!>A2
+ Nh hn: s dng <, v d +A1<A2
+ Ln hn hoc bng: s dng >=, v d +A1>=A2
+ Nh hn hoc bng: s dng <=, v d +A1<=A2

Lnh IF/THEN/ELSE
Spreadsheet cng h tr cu lnh c bn: IF/THEN/ELSE. Cu
lnh c dng nh sau:
@if (condition) then (if true) else (if false)
elsekhng s
dng y. Cu
lnh If/Then khng
hp l trong
HYSYS

Condition (iu kin) l mt biu thc logic, v d nh B1<=10.

If true miu t phn t s hin th nu nh Condition l ng, n c
th l mt s hoc mt cng thc. If false miu t phn t s hin
th nu nh Condition l sai; n cng c th l mt s hoc mt
cng thc.
V d mt cu lnh hon chnh:
@if (B1<=10) then (B1*2) else (B1/10)

Gi s gi tr ca phn t B1 l 8. Cu lnhIF/THEN/ELSE s l
g trong tnh ton a ra trn?

www.thuvien247.net
Thc hin m phng
Trong module ny, tnh ton m ca mt van gim p v s thy
c phng php s dng hon ton khc so vi phng php
trong modul Depressurization. Cc dng s dng ging nhau trong
c hai phng php
Do cc dng tng t nh trong Depressurization nn s dng li
Depressurization case. Module ny gm 2 dng c kt hp qua
Mixer, lu lng dng ra c xc nh v Spreadsheet c s
dng tnh ton m van yu cu.
1. Add Mixer vo PFD. Gn 2 dng vt liu vo v to dng ra
t tn l Comb. Feed.
2. Ci t Mixer ch Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet.
3. t lu lng cc dng l 460 kgmole/hr (1000 lbmole/hr).
4. Add V/L Separator vo h thng. Dng vo l Comb Feed,
dng kh ra l PSV Vapour, dng lng l PSV Liquid.
Cng thc tnh ton m van da trn tiu chun API-520. Cng
thc tnh ton m van cho dng hi l:
AV = { M (TZ) } / { C Kd Kb Kv P (MW) }
Cng thc tnh ton m van yu cu cho dng lng l:
AL = { G (SG) } / { 22,8 Kd Kw Ku (AP) }
Trong :
+ AV v AL: m van yu cu cho dng hi v dng lng, n
v inch2
+ M: lu lng khi lng dng hi, n v lb/hr
+ T: Nhit dng, n v Rankin
+ Z: h s nn ca dng hi
+ C: hng s lu lng hi, = 315 trong v d ny
+ Kd: h s dng chy (h s lu lng) ca vi phun, bng
0.953 trong v d ny
+Kb: h s hiu chnh dng hi, trong v d ny bng 1
6

www.thuvien247.net
+ Kv: h s dng hi cho p sut ngc bin i, ch s dng
vi cc gi tr p sut dng ra, trong v d ny = 1.0
+ MW: khi lng phn t trung bnh ca dng
+ P: p sut ca dng, n v psia
+ G: lu lng th tch thc ca dng, n v tnh GPM
Truy cp vo cc n + SG: khi lng ring ca dng cht lng
v tnh thng qua
Tools/Preferences trn + Delta P: gim p qua van, n v psi
thanh Menu chnh
+ Kw: h s lu lng lng ca p sut ngc bin i, ch s

dng vi u ra ca van, trong v d ny = 1.0

+ Ku: h s hiu chnh nht, trong v d ny=1.0
Trc khi vo Spreadsheet, nn t n v tnh cho cc gi tr trn.
Cch d nht lm l n Field Unit v t PSV Units. Cc n v
tnh nh trong bng sau:

Variable Type

Unit

Area

in2

Temperature

Rankin

Actual Liquid Volume Flow

USGPM

Adding and Defining the Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet Button

thit lp Spreadsheet, chn Add Operation t Flowsheet menu

v chn Spreadsheet. Cch khc c th chn Spreadsheet t
Object Pallet.
1. Thay i size ca Spreadsheet thnh 4 ct v 15 hng. t
size ca Spreadsheet trong Parameters Tab. Gi tr mc nh
ca Spreadsheet cng c th c thay i trn Parameters
Page. Trong v d ny, chn gi tr mc nh v t gi tr mi
vo PSV Units

www.thuvien247.net
2. Cc k hiu v hng s c th c b sung vo Spreadsheet
nh trong giao din di y:

Cc bin s sau y cn phi c nhp vo Spreadsheet:

In this cell

Import

B2

PSV Vapour Mass Flow

B3

PSV Vapour-Temperature

B4

PSV Vapour-Phase Z Factor

B7

PSV Vapour-Pressure

B8

PSV Vapour-Molecular Weight

D2

PSV Liquid-Act Liquid Vol. Flow

D3

PSV Liquid-Mass Density

D5

PSV Liquid-Pressure

www.thuvien247.net
Cc phng trnh tnh ton b sung vo Spreadsheet:
In this cell

Enter

B12

+(b2*@sqrt(b3)*@sqrt(b4))/
(b5*b6*b7*b9*b10*@sqrt(b8))

D4

+d3/62.4

D7

+d5-d6

D12

+(d2*@sqrt(d4))/
(22.8*d8*d9*d10*@sqrt(d7))

C14

+b12+d12

V Spreadsheet s hin th nh trong giao din sau:

m van ton phn yu cu l g?

Lu li case hon thnh!

9