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Scaffolding Code of Practise For Acces and Working Scaffolds
Scaffolding Code of Practise For Acces and Working Scaffolds
H
&
Price: IR5.00
6.35
Foreword
The National Authority for Occupational Safety and Health (by virtue of Section 30 of the
Safety, Health and Welfare Act, 1989, following consultation with the statutory Health and
Safety Authority Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and with the consent of Mr Tom
Kitt, TD, Minister of State at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, given on
11th December, 1998) has issued a Code of Practice entitled Code of Practice for Access and
Working Scaffolds.
The Code of Practice provides practical guidance for persons who have specific duties in
relation to the supply, design, construction and use of scaffolds, including suppliers, designers
of scaffold structures, project supervisors for the design and construction stages, contractors and
workers, in relation to the observance of their duties under Sections 6 to 12 of the Safety, Health
and Welfare at Work Act, 1989 (No. 7 of 1989), Parts II, III, IV and XIII of the Safety, Health
and Welfare at Work (Construction) Regulations, 1995 (S.I. No. 138 of 1995) and Parts II, IV, V
and VIII of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations, 1993
(S.I. No. 44 of 1993).
The Code of Practice comes into effect on June 1st, 1999.
Notice of the issue of this Code of Practice was published in the Iris Oifigiuil of June 18th,
1999.
CD Body
Secretary to the Board
iii
Acknowledgements
The text of this code of practice was drafted by an ad-hoc group reporting to the Advisory Committee on
Construction Safety and was then subsequently accepted by the Advisory Committee on Construction Safety
and approved by the Board of the Health and Safety Authority.
Organisation
H.S.A.
FS
Alloy Access Ltd. - C.I.F.
U.C.A.T.
Ascon Ltd. - C.I.F.
H.S.A.
FS
I.C.T.U.
Chadwicks - C.I.F.
H.S.A.
Organisation
H.S.A. Board Member
FAS
R.I.A.I.
O.P.A.T.S.I. - I.C.T.U.
Kavanagh Mansfield & Prtnrs.- I.E.I./A.C.E.I.
C.I.F.
A.I.B. - I.B.E.C.
H.S.A.
McBains Cooper International - S.C.S.
P.J. Walls Ltd - C.I.F.
H.S.A.
I.C.T.U.
H.S.A.
H.S.A.
H.S.A.
Table of Contents
FOREWORD
iii
2.4.
Erection Scheduling
10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iv
2.5.
10
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.6.
Information to Purchasers of
Scaffolding Equipment
10
1.1.
Background
1.2.
10
1.3.
1.4.
Scaffolding in Construction
3.
ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDS
12
1.5.
Types of Scaffold
3.1.
12
12
1.6.
Scaffolding Hazards
1.7.
Risk Assessment
1.8.
Statutory Duties
1.8.1. Project Supervisor for the
Design Stage
1.8.2. Designers
1.8.3. Project Supervisor for the
Construction Stage
1.8.4. Contractors
1.8.5. Workers
3.2.
Materials
3.2.1. Inspection Prior to Use
3.2.2. Standards
3.2.3. Transoms
3.2.4. Ledgers
3.2.5. Couplers
13
13
13
13
13
13
3.3.
Illustrations
Stability
3.3.1. Foundations
3.3.2. Ties
3.3.3. Tie Spacing
3.3.4. Bracing
13
14
15
18
19
3.4.
Working Platforms
3.4.1. Decking
3.4.2. Toe-Boards
3.4.3. Maximum Gap Between
Building and Platform
3.4.4. Cantilever Platform (Stage)
Brackets
21
21
22
3.5.
Guard-Rails
22
3.6.
22
22
23
23
3.7.
23
23
1.9.
1.10. Definitions
1.10.1. Types and Dimensions of
Scaffolds
1.10.2. Structural Members
1.10.3. Scaffold Fittings
1.10.4. Other Terms in General Use
2.
2.7.
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
8
8
9
9
v
12
13
22
22
3.8.
3.9.
24
24
25
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
28
27
27
27
7.
COMPETENCE
33
7.1.
Competence of Scaffolders
7.1.1. Training
7.1.2. Experience
7.1.3. Assessment, Certification and
Registration
33
33
33
7.2.
33
33
7.3.
33
34
34
7.4.
33
27
28
APPENDIX A: TUBE AND FITTING
SCAFFOLDS
35
38
42
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
4.
30
5.
31
45
Scaffold Users
Modification
Maintenance
Inspection Before and During Use
31
31
31
31
APPENDIX E: INFORMATION
SOURCES
48
INDEX
51
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
6.
DISMANTLING
32
6.1.
6.2.
6.3
Stability
Protection from Falls
Protection from Falling Objects
32
32
32
vi
1. Introduction
1.1.
Background
1.2.
1.4.
1.3.
Scaffolding in Construction
1.5.
Types of Scaffold
1.6.
Scaffolding Hazards
1.8.
1.7.
Statutory Duties
Risk Assessment
Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Take Precautions
Figure 1: Risk Assessment
1.8.2. Designers
Designers of permanent structures and temporary
scaffolds have duties which include:
1.8.3.
1.9.
1.8.4. Contractors
Contractors, including sub-contractors and
specialist scaffolding contractors, have a very
significant range of responsibilities under the
relevant statutory provisions. These duties include
the following:
1.10. Definitions
For the purposes of this Code of Practice, the
following definitions apply (see figure 2 on page 6):
1.8.5. Workers
Workers, including scaffold erectors, have
responsibilities under the relevant statutory
provisions which include:
Illustrations
Ledger
Standard
Facade bracing
Sole board
Bay length
Transom
Non-movable tie
Guard rails
Plan bracing
Toe board
Movable tie
Management of Scaffolding
Activities
Policy
Planning
Review
Implementation
Step 2 - Planning
The scaffolding erection, use and dismantling
stages should be planned so as to minimise the risks
7
Step 3 - Implementation
The plan is transformed into action in the
implementation step. Successful implementation
requires that the issues listed below are addressed:
Responsibilities
Individual responsibilities should be clearly
communicated, persons should be given the
authority and resources to carry out their
responsibilities and individuals should be held
accountable for their successes or failures in
performing their duties.
Communication
Relevant information relating to design,
scheduling, loading, etc. or contained in
safety statements or the safety and health plan
should be communicated to those who need
that information. For example, those
performing periodic safety inspections need
to know the maximum design imposed load
and the design maximum tie spacing and
those erecting the scaffold will need to have
copies of the system scaffold erection
instructions available.
Documentation
Appropriate documentation should be
maintained on site. This will include
safety statements, safety and health plans,
inspection records including statutory
CR8 Scaffolds - Report of Inspection
forms, etc.
2.3.
2.2.
Choice of Scaffolding
Equipment
2.3.1. Layout
The initial layout will have a significant impact
upon the safety of the completed scaffold. When
considering the layout the points listed below
should be considered:
The scaffold should be laid out so as to reduce
the gap between the structure and the scaffold
2.4.
Erection Scheduling
2.5.
2.6.
Information to Purchasers of
Scaffolding Equipment
2.7.
Information to Users of
Scaffolding Equipment
10
11
3. Erection of Scaffolds
3.1.
12
3.2.4. Ledgers
Ledgers run along the inside and outside of
the scaffold joining each pair of standards to
another pair. They also support any intermediate
transoms. The load carrying capacity of the
scaffold will be significantly reduced where it is
not possible to place the first ledger at the base of
the standards. (See 3.2.3.) Tube and fitting ledgers
should be joined with sleeve couplings or with
expanding joint pins where tension is not likely to
occur.
3.2.
Materials
3.2.5. Couplers
Couplers are used in conjunction with system
scaffolds mainly for the attachment of ties, plan
bracing and cross (ledger) bracing. The proper use
of appropriate couplers is therefore important to the
stability of the scaffold. Couplers, when new,
should comply with the requirements of the
relevant European or British Standard. Fittings for
which there is no standard should only be used in
accordance with the recommendations and data
provided by the manufacturer or supplier.
3.2.3. Transoms
Transoms run at right angles to the structure,
joining the inside and outside ledgers and
supporting the scaffold boards. Intermediate
transoms may be required to support the scaffold
platform between main transoms.
Type of
Fitting
Class of
Fitting
Type of
Load
Safe
Working
Load
Right Angle
Coupler
Slip along
tube
6.3kN
(643kg)
Right Angle
Coupler
Slip along
tube
9.4kN
(959kg)
Swivel
Coupler
Slip along
tube
5.3kN
(540kg)
3.3.
Stability
3.3.1. Foundations
The foundations of a scaffold should be adequate to
support the load imposed by each standard and the
scaffold as a whole throughout the life of the
scaffold.
Other Surfaces
Metal base plates should be used where the
surface is a hard asphalt or similar surface with
sufficient bearing capacity. Where the bearing
surface is soil, compacted gravel, tarmacadam,
hardcore paving slabs or a similar surface, sole
boards of timber or another suitable material
should be used. Where the surface has been
disturbed or back filled or is soft it should be
compacted.
3.3.2.
Ties
General
Ties connect the scaffold to the structure being
built. Ties perform a dual function.
15
Ring bolt
anchorage
Do not exceed
manufacturers
recommendations
Right angle
coupler
Transom
Standard
Ledger
3.3.2.2. Through-Ties
Through-ties are attached to a tube across the inside
and outside of an opening such as a window. It is
preferred that this tube be vertical to prevent
slipping and damage caused by workers standing on
the tube and that the tie tube rest on or just above
the lintel and close to the nearest standard. Other
arrangements may be used where this is not
practical. The inside tube should be supplemented
by an outside tube or by a butting tube.
Ledger
Standard
Transom
Right angle
coupler
16
Reveal pin
Timber packing
Right angle
couplers
Tie
tube
Window
reveal Reveal tube
Standard
3.3.2.4. Returns
Where a system scaffold is returned, around the
corner of building facades, it provides tying to the
standards directly connected to the return. Plan
bracing of ledgers would be required to provide
tying to adjacent standards. Returns of tube and
fitting scaffolds can be regarded as providing
attachment of the scaffold to the facade for a 3 metre
length measured from the end of the building.
Unjointed scaffold
tube not more
than 6m long.
Max 4m from
last line of ties
Recommended
position of ties
Max 4m to
first line of ties
3.3.4. Bracing
Bracing is required to stiffen the scaffold and
prevent it from swaying. Swaying can cause
instability, cracking of welds, and it can over stress
the standards. Each plane of the scaffold should be
braced by installing diagonal tubes that divide it
(a)
(b)
(c)
Swivel
coupler
Alternative
position of
brace
Standard
Through
tie
Right angle
coupler
Through
tie
Alternative
position of brace
20
Ledger
Standard
3.4.
Working Platforms
Guard-rail
between 950 and 1200mm
above platform
End
guard-rails
End
toe-board
Intermediate
guard-rail
Toe-board
secured in place
Working
platform
fully decked
Scaffold
erected
close to building
3.4.1. Decking
Decking may consist of timber boards or
proprietary decking units. Where timber boards are
used they should comply with IS 745 or BS 2842,
they should not exceed the spans given in Table 6
Appendix A. These spans may need to be reduced
to accommodate heavy loading.
Minimum
Widths
Min. No. of
225mm Nominal
Width Boards
mm
430
2 boards
600
3 boards
800
4 boards
1050
5 boards
1300
6 boards
1500
7 boards
3.4.2. Toe-Boards
Toe boards help prevent materials from falling and
they also help prevent persons falling between the
guard rail and platform. Toe-boards and end toeboards should be fixed to all working platforms
where a person is liable to fall more than 2 metres.
The toe-boards should have a height of at least 150
mm above the platform and they should be securely
fixed to the standards.
3.4.3.
3.6.
3.5.
Guard-Rails
3.6.2. Sheeting
Sheeting may consist of netting, corrugated sheets
or timber sheets. It should be fixed securely to
prevent materials from passing through the
sheeting. Sheeting should be inspected regularly,
particularly after strong winds. Sheeting will
significantly increase the wind loading on a
scaffold and on the ties and tie couplers.
3.7.
3.6.3. Fans
Fans normally consist of an inclined support
extending from the building and covered in
decking. Fans are often the most suitable method of
protecting pedestrian traffic areas and access points
into the structure.
Wire
Decking
Frame
every scaffold
bay
Handrail at working
platform side of
landing hole
Securely fix
ladder to scaffold
Slope max.
4 vertical to 1 horizontal
3.8.
24
Sign showing
maximum load
Facade
bracing
Provide measures
to safeguard against
falls when opening
gate
Plan
bracing
3.8.2. Signs
Easily comprehensible signs showing the safe
working load, for each working lift, should be
placed on scaffolds and loading bays.
25
790 kg
3.9.
evenly distributed
Figure 17: Example of Sign for Working Platform
with S.W.L. of 2.5 kN/m2
Plan brace
under deck
Wire lashing
Plan brace
Ladder should be
fixed to narrower
width of tower
Figure 18. Tube and Fitting Mobile tower with internal ladder from BS 5973:1993.
26
3.9.6. Castors
Castors should be fitted with adequate brakes and
they should be securely fixed to each leg of the
tower to prevent accidental uncoupling.
3.9.3. Stability
The conditions of use of the tower and
environmental forces such as wind can adversely
affect tower stability. Where the conditions of use
or the wind forces are likely to be different from
those covered by the manufacturers instructions or
this code, or the tower is erected in a location
exposed to high winds, the overturning forces
should be calculated by a competent person.
Appropriate measures should be taken to ensure
that the tower has a factor of safety against
overturning of at least 1.5 in any direction. (See
Section 2.3.2). For example:
3.9.5. Bracing
Prefabricated towers should be braced in accordance
with the manufacturers instructions. Where the
tower is constructed of tube and fitting components,
it should be adequately braced on all four sides and
be braced in plan at every alternate lift.
27
Ladder access
Use of castors.
Max. Height to
Least Base Ratio
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
Plywood on
polythene on
scaffold
boards
Guard-rail
Intermediate
guard-rail
Plastic
protection pipe
Tie maximum
4m from base
in accordance
with system
manufacturers
instructions
Traffic
protection
30
Scaffold Users
5.3.
5.2.
Maintenance
5.4.
Modification
Modification
Period without use
Exposure to bad weather
Damage, including impact of traffic or site
equipment with the scaffold
31
6. Dismantling
Dismantling a scaffold can place large loads on the
scaffold unless the work is planned to keep the
amount of material stored on the scaffold to a
minimum. The work should be planned so that the
scaffold will not become unstable, workers are
prevented from falling from the scaffold and others
are protected from the risk of falling materials.
6.1.
6.2
Stability
6.3.
Any defects found in the scaffold should be made
good before commencing dismantling
32
7. Competence
The risks associated with the erection, use and
dismantling of scaffolding are potentially very high.
Persons given the task of erecting, altering, using or
dismantling scaffolding should have the necessary
competence to perform their tasks safely.
7.1.
Competence of Scaffolders
7.2.
7.1.1. Training
Formal training is required for those who erect,
substantially add to, alter or dismantle a scaffold.
The training should include training on any risks
involved. The extent of training required will
depend on the type of work normally undertaken
and on the type of scaffold. The minimum
acceptable standard of training is the approved FS
Construction Skills Certification Scheme for
scaffolders, or an equivalent training programme
accredited by FS.
7.3.
7.1.2. Experience
A competent and experienced person should
supervise the erection, alteration or dismantling of a
scaffold. The person should be experienced in the
kind of work being undertaken.
7.1.3.
33
7.4.
34
Appendix A
Tube and Fitting Scaffolds
35
General Purpose
Class 3
General building
work including
Brickwork,
Window Fixing,
Plastering
Brickwork,
Blockwork,
Heavy Cladding
Special Duty
Class 4
Masonry,
Concrete
Blockwork,
Very Heavy
Cladding
1.5kN/m2
(153kg/m2)
2.0 kN/m2
(204kg/m2)
2.5 kN/m2
(255kg/m2)
3.0 kN/m2
(306kg/m2)
Maximum Bay
Length
2.4 m
2.1 m
2.0 m
1.8 m
Commonly used
Widths using
225 mm boards
4 boards
5 boards or
4 boards +
1 inside
5 boards or
5 boards +
1 inside or
4 boards +1 inside
6 to 8 boards
2 working
platforms
2 working
platforms
plus 1 at very
light duty
2 working
platforms
plus 1 at
very light duty
1 working
platform
plus 1 at
very light duty
Type of Scaffold
Distributed load
on Working
Platform
Maximum
Number of
Platforms
36
Heavy Duty
Table 5: Frequency of ties in square metres per tie* for tube and fitting scaffolds
For wind speeds of less than 39m/s** and
scaffold height less than 50 m for unsheeted
and 25m for sheeted scaffolds
Unsheeted
Scaffolds
Sheeted
Scaffolds
32
40
25
32
32
40
12.5
16
25
31
22
Square metres per tie can, for practical purposes, be taken as:
Square metres (m2) of faade divided by the number of evenly spaced ties
** CP3: Chapter V: Part 2
38
1.5
50
2.6
63
3.25
From BS 5973:1993
37
Appendix B
Example Check-Lists
38
Comments
Acceptable
Y/N
Sole Boards
...........................................
....................
Base Jacks
...........................................
....................
Base plates
...........................................
....................
Standards
...........................................
....................
Ledgers
...........................................
....................
Transoms
...........................................
....................
Intermediate Transoms
...........................................
....................
...........................................
....................
Scaffold Tube
...........................................
....................
Decking
...........................................
....................
Diagonal Braces
...........................................
....................
...........................................
....................
...........................................
....................
Bridging Ledgers
...........................................
....................
...........................................
....................
Other Components
...........................................
....................
39
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
Yes
No
Yes
No
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
Person Responsible For Authorising
Modifications, e.g. Site Agent, Foreman,
Scaffolder
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
Signed
Erector ......................................................................
User ..............................................................................
Before using a scaffold the scaffold should be inspected and form CR8 should be completed
A scaffold may be inspected by a person who is competent, this may include a trained scaffolder or another
person who has been trained in scaffold inspection
40
Location........................................................................
Date ...................................
Date Corrected
Foundations
......................................................................................
.........................
Sole Boards
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
Standards
......................................................................................
.........................
Ledgers
......................................................................................
.........................
Transoms
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
Facade Bracing
......................................................................................
.........................
Plan Bracing
......................................................................................
.........................
Cross Bracing
......................................................................................
.........................
Guard-Rails
......................................................................................
.........................
Toe-Boards
......................................................................................
.........................
Decking
......................................................................................
.........................
Loading
......................................................................................
.........................
Access
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................
.........................
Observations
41
Appendix C
Form CR8 Report of Results of
Inspection of: Scaffold
42
Date of
Inspection
(2)
Result of Inspection
State whether
in good order
(3)
# i.e. the person for whom the Report has been prepared
43
Signature of person
who made
the inspection
(4)
NOTES:
CR. 8
1.
This form contains the report of the results of inspections of scaffolds including
boatswains chairs, cages, skips or similar plant or equipment used to fulfil a similar
purpose, and from any part of which a person is liable to fall a distance of more than
2 metres.
2.
3.
4.
The report shall be kept on site while work is being carried out, otherwise it shall be kept
at an office of the contractor for whom the inspection was carried out. Where it is likely
that work will not exceed 30 working days in duration, the report may be kept off-site.
5.
(a)
(b)
6.
Regulation 127(5) provides as follows:"Wherever under these Regulations records are required to be made and kept it
shall be sufficient compliance with such requirement if the individual making the
examination enters his or her report in the approved form in a computer and duly
authenticates it as soon as practicable after completing the examination and it shall
be sufficient compliance with such requirement if the report is kept by the user in a
computer."
44
Appendix D
Weights of Typical Building Materials
45
Mass
4.37 kg/m
1.00 kg to 2.25 kg
6 kg/m or 25 kg/m2
8 kg/m or 33 kg/m2
10 kg/m or 41 kg/m2
225mm wide
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
15
20
25
Length of
Steel Tube
(m)
228
457
685
915
1143
1600
2286
3430
4570
5720
560
1120
1680
2240
2800
3920
5600
8400
11200
14000
46
Number of boards
(63mm x 225mm
of length 2.45m)
40
80
120
160
200
280
400
600
800
1,000
Table 8: Mass of Persons and Materials (See manufacturers specifications where mass may be
different)
Item
Mass
Person (average)
80 kg
90 kg
30 kg
150 kg
1 kg/m2
8 kg/m
500 bricks
1375 kg
1750 kg
1,020 kg
Timber (softwood)
200 kg
1600 kg/m3
Table 9: Mass of an Unboarded Lift One Bay Long (incl. two standards, two ledgers, two transoms,
and a portion of bracing, ties and fittings)
Lift
Height
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.7
kg
69
73
kg
70
75
Kg
71
76
kg
74
78
kg
77
81
kg
63
68
kg
66
70
47
Appendix E
Information Sources
48
Statutory Provisions
Safety Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989
Safety Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations, 1993
Safety Health and Welfare at Work (Construction) Regulations, 1995
Irish Standards
IS/EN74: 1989
IS 745: 1989
IS/HD 1000:1989
IS/HD 1039
Couplers, loose spigots, and base plates for use in working scaffolds and
falsework made of steel
Machine graded home grown timber scaffold boards
Service and working scaffolds made of prefabricated elements
Steel tubes for falsework and working scaffolds. Requirements. Tests
BS 6399:
BS 4074:
BS 1397:
BS 2830:
BS 8093:
BS CP93:
BS 3913:
BS 2095 and BS 2826:
BS 449:
BS 5507:
BS 5975:
BS 302:
BS 4978:
BS 1129:
BS 648:
BS 2482:
BS 5268:
BS 6180:
BS 4848:
49
Safety in Roofwork
General access scaffolds
Tower scaffolds
Safe erection, Part 3: Working places and access
Safe use of ladders, step-ladders and trestles
Prevention of falls by window cleaners
Textbooks
Wind Loading Handbook : Newberry and Eaton : BRE : HMSO
The Assessment of Wind Loads : BRE Digest 346, Parts 1 to 7 : HMSO
Wind Loads on Canopy Roofs : BRE Digest 284 : HMSO
Wind Environment around Tall Buildings : BRE Digest 141 : HMSO
Wind Forces on Unclad Tubular Structures : Constrado Publication 1/75
Access Scaffolding. S. Champion. Longman Group
Organisations
Health and Safety Authority, 10 Hogan Place, Dublin 2, (01) 614 7000
FS, Ballyfermot, Dublin 10
National Association of Scaffolding Contractors: Construction House, Canal Road, Dublin 6.
50
Index
A
Access, 7, 13, 15, 20, 22, 23, 24,
25, 29, 32, 34
Accidents, 1, 7, 26
Adjustable base plate, 14
A-frames, 14
Anchorage, 5, 12, 15, 16
Anchorage capacity, 15
Assessment, 2, 33, 50
B
Banksmen, 34
Barriers, 7, 12, 13, 22, 28, 29, 49
Base plates, 1, 4, 14
Beams, 14
Blocks, 14, 24, 26
Block laying, 10
Blockwork, 36
Boards, 5, 13, 14, 22
Bracing, 2, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19,
20, 25, 27, 31
Bricks, 14, 24, 26
Brick guards, 22
Brickwork, 36
BS 5973, 1, 36, 37, 49
Buckling, 15
Buttresses, 17
C
Cast-in and Drilled Anchorages, 15
Certification, 33
Cladding, 36
Collapse, 2, 14, 34
Collective controls, 7
Collective safeguards, 12
Communication, 8
Competence, 8, 10, 30, 31, 33, 34,
40
Contractors, 2, 31, 33
Couplers, 1, 4, 13, 18, 19, 49
CR8 Scaffolds - Report of
Inspection, 8, 30, 31, 43
Cross (ledger) bracing, 4, 15, 19
D
Dead loads, 13, 23
Decking, 12, 13, 21, 23, 31, 49
Defective material, 13
Design, 8, 9, 40
Diagonal tubes, 19
E
Edge protection, 8, 10
Electricity, 28, 41
Equipment operators, 26, 34
Erection, 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14,
29, 33, 50
Erection Handbook, 7, 8, 13
Excavations, 10, 12, 14
F
Facade bracing, 19, 25
Falling objects, 1, 22
Falls, 2, 8, 12, 25, 32, 50
Fans, 12, 23, 41
Form-work, 10
Foundations, 2, 14
G
Gaps, 8, 22
Ground conditions, 2, 14
Guard-Rails, 2, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23,
33, 34, 41
H
Hand-Over, 30, 40
Hazards, 2, 7, 12, 29
I
Incomplete Scaffolding, 13
Induction, 33, 34
Information, 8, 10, 11, 31, 33, 34
Inspection, 10, 13, 18, 28, 31, 33
Instruction, 8, 33, 34
Insulation, 28
Interference, 15, 34
Intermediate guard-rail, 22
L
Ladders, 12, 13, 22, 23, 29, 50
Landing holes, 23
Layout, 7, 8, 18
Ledgers, 1, 4, 13, 15, 17, 18, 31
Ledger Bracing, 19
Lightning, 28
Live loads, 14
51
M
Maintaining, 10, 31
Management, 7
Manhole, 9, 14
Manufacturers recommendations,
10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 25
Masonry, 36
Materials, 13
Modifying, 10, 30, 31, 40
Movable ties, 10, 15
N
Node points, 15
P
Painting, 36
Pallets, 24, 26
Parking, 29
Pedestrians, 13, 29, 32
Personal Protective Equipment, 7,
12
Plan Bracing, 18, 20
Plasterers, 10
Pointing, 36
Portable Electrical Equipment, 28
Power lines, 2, 28
Project supervisors, 2, 33
Public, 2, 7, 12, 29, 32
Public Streets, 29
R
Raking tubes, 17
Registration, 33
Reveal ties, 17
Risk assessments, 2, 8, 12, 13, 22,
28
S
Safety and Health Plan, 2, 8, 12, 13
Safety harnesses, 12
Safety Health and Welfare at Work
(Construction) Regulations, 1995,
7, 12, 22, 49, 50
Safety Health and Welfare at Work
Act, 1989, 7
Safety net
safety nets, 12, 49
Safety statements, 2, 7, 12, 28
Scaffold boards, 2, 13, 14, 26, 49
Scheduling, 7, 8, 10
Sheeting, 12, 23, 29
Signs, 12, 13, 22, 25, 29, 34
Signallers, 34
Sloping foundations, 14
Sloping roofs, 22
Sole boards, 14
Spacing of ties, 18
Stabilising ties, 22
Stability, 13
Stairs, 12
Standards, 1, 3, 4, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17,
19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 29, 39, 41, 49
Stone Cleaning, 36
Structural designs, 18
Sub-contractors, 31
Supervision, 2, 12
Supplier, 10
Swaying, 19
System scaffolds, 1, 4, 7, 13, 15, 17,
18, 19, 21
U
Users, 10, 31, 33, 34
V
Vehicle impact, 2, 29
T
Temporary roofs, 9
Through Access, 29
Through-ties, 16
Tie Spacing, 9, 18, 30, 40
Toe boards, 22
Trades, 10
Traffic, 29, 41
Training, 2, 8, 12, 33, 34
Transoms, 1, 3, 13, 21, 25, 31
Tube and Fitting scaffolds, 1, 9, 13,
17, 19, 20, 35, 36, 37
Tying, 14, 17, 18, 19
52
W
Warning notices, 13
Wind loads, 14, 28
Wind speed, 9
Working platforms, 5, 12, 18, 21,
22, 27, 34, 36