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Mu Logarit PDF
Mu Logarit PDF
Chuyen e 6:
an = a.a...a
(n Z+ , n 1, a R)
n tha so
a = a a
a0 = 1 a 0
1
a n = n
(n Z + , n 1, a R / { 0})
a
m
an
a n
= am
=
1
m
an
( a > 0; m, n N )
=
1
n m
am .an = am+ n
am
a
= am n
(a.b)n = an .b n
a
an
( )n = n
b
b
3. Ham so mu:
Dang : y = ax ( a > 0 , a 1 )
Tap xac nh : D = R
T = R + ( ax > 0
Tap gia tr :
Tnh n ieu:
*a>1
x R )
y=ax
y=ax
1
a>1
0<a<1
Minh hoa:
y
3.5
1
y=
2
f(x)=2^x
y=2x
3
2.5
y
3.5
1.5
1.5
f(x)=(1/2)^x
2.5
0.5
0.5
x
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
-4.5
4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-1.5
-1.5
-2
-2
-2.5
-2.5
-3
-3
-3.5
-3.5
Vi a > 0 , a 1 va N > 0
log a N = M
dn
log a 1 = 0
log a aM = M
alog a N = N
log a (N1 .N 2 ) = log a N1 + log a N 2
log a (
log a a = 1
N1
) = log a N1 log a N 2
N2
23
aM = N
a > 0
a 1
N > 0
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
log a N = . log a N
3. Cong thc oi c so :
log b N =
* He qua:
log a b =
log a N
log a b
1
log b a
4. Ham so logart:
log
va
ak
N=
1
log a N
k
Tap xac nh : D = R +
Tap gia tr
T=R
Tnh n ieu:
*a>1
y=logax
O
a>1
Minh hoa:
y
3.5
0<a<1
f(x)=ln(x)/ln(2)
y=log2x
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
x
0.5
-0.5
-3
y = log 1 x
2
1.5
0.5
-3.5
f(x)=ln(x)/ln(1/2)
2.5
1.5
-4
y
3.5
3
2.5
-4.5
y=logax
1.5
2.5
3.5
0.5
4.5
x
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
-1
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-1.5
-2
-2
-2.5
-2.5
-3
-3
-3.5
24
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5. CAC NH LY C BAN:
1. nh ly 1: Vi 0 < a 1 th :
aM = aN
2. nh ly 2: Vi 0 < a <1 th :
3. nh ly 3: Vi a > 1 th :
M=N
6. nh ly 6: Vi a > 1 th :
2) 2x 3x + 2 = 4
2. Phng phap 2: at an phu chuyen ve phng trnh ai so
V du : Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1) 3 2x+ 8 4.3x+ 5 + 27 = 0 2) 6.9 x 13.6 x + 6.4 x = 0
2
3) ( 2 3 ) x + ( 2 + 3 ) x = 4
4) 2 x x 2 2+ x x = 3
5) 3.8 x + 4.12 x 18 x 2.27 x = 0
Bai tap ren luyen:
1) ( 2 + 3 ) x + ( 2 3 ) x = 4
( x 1)
x
x
x
(x=0)
2) 8 + 18 = 2.27
x
x
3 x +1
3) 125 + 50 = 2
(x=0)
x
x
2 x +1
4) 25 + 10 = 2
(x=0)
5) ( 3 + 8 )x + ( 3 8 )x = 6
( x = 2 )
6) 27 + 12 = 2.8
(x=0)
IV. CAC PHNG PHAP GIAI PHNG TRNH LOGARIT THNG S DUNG:
1. Phng phap 1: Bien oi phng trnh ve dang c ban : log a M = log a N (ong c so
x
3) log2 x + log2 (x 1) = 1
2. Phng phap 2: at an phu chuyen ve phng trnh ai so.
V du : Giai cac phng trnh sau :
25
1)
6
4
+
=3
log2 2x log2 x 2
2) log 32 x + log 32 x + 1 5 = 0
2
1
2)
> 2x + 6x +8
2
2. Phng phap 2: at an phu chuyen ve bat phng trnh ai so.
V du : Giai cac bat phng trnh sau :
1) 9x < 2.3x + 3
2) 52x +1 > 5x + 4
VI. CAC PHNG PHAP GIAI BAT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT THNG S DUNG:
1. Phng phap 1: Bien oi phng trnh ve dang c ban : loga M < loga N ( , >, )
V du : Giai cac bat phng trnh sau :
1) log2 (x 2 + x 2) > log2 (x + 3)
x 1 + 2 y = 1
1)
2
3
3log9 (9x ) log3 y = 3
1
log 1 ( y x) log 4 y = 1
2) 4
x 2 + y 2 = 25
2 3 x = 5 y 2 4 y
3) 4 x + 2 x +1
=y
x
2 +2
y x = x + 1
4)
x + 2 y = 10
1 x 2 y
x y
( 3 ) = ( )
6)
3
log 2 ( x y ) + log 2 ( x y ) = 4
3 4x
( x + 1 1)3y =
7)
x
y + log x = 1
3
3 x .2 y = 1152
8)
log 5 ( x + y ) = 2
x 4 y + 3 = 0
9)
log 4 x log2 y = 0
log ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 5
5) 2
2 log 4 x + log 2 y = 4
2 x .4 y = 64
10)
x + y = 3
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