1.PT BPT Mu Loga Phan1

Phng trnh bt phng trnh h phng trnh m v Lgarit
Nguyn Tt Thu Trng L Hng Phong Bin Ha 1

PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH M

Cng thc hm s m v logarit

1. Phng trnh v bt phng trnh m c bn
so snh hai ly tha th chng ta phi chuyn hai ly tha v cng c s v so snh hai
s m ca chng. Trong trng hp so snh BT (bt phng trnh ) th ta phi ch n
s n iu ca hm s m ( tc l phi so snh c s vi 1). Ta xt cc phng trnh
bt phng trnh c bn sau.
1.
f (x) g(x)
a a f (x) g(x) = = .
2.
a
log b f (x)
a
a b a f (x) log b = = = .
3.
f (x) g(x)
a
a b f (x) g(x)log b = = .
4.
f (x) g(x)
a a > (1)
+ Nu a>1 th (1) f (x) g(x) >
+ Nu 0<a<1 th (1) f (x) g(x) <
Hay
a 0
(1)
(a 1)(f (x) g(x)) 0
>

>
.
gii phng trnh bt phng trnh m th ta phi tm cch chuyn v cc phng
trnh bt phng trnh c bn trn.

V d 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau
1)
2
x 3x 4 x 1
2 4
+
= 2)
3x 1 5x 8
(2 3) (2 3)
+ +
+ =
3)
x
2 x
x 2
8 36.3

+
= 4)
3 x 1 2x 1 3 x
2 . 4 .8 2 2.0,125
+
=

Gii:
1)
2
x 3x 4 2x 2 2 2
pt 2 2 x 3x 4 2x 2 x x 2 0 x 1; x 2
+
= + = + = = =
2) Ta c:
1
(2 3)(2 3) 1 (2 3) (2 3)
+ = = + .
3x 1 5x 8
9
pt (2 3) (2 3) 3x 1 5x 8 x
8
+
+ = + + = = .
3) K: x 2
3x x 4
2 4 x 4 x
x 2 x 2
3
x 4
Pt 2 2 .3 2 3 log 2 4 x
x 2

+ +

= = =
+

3
3
x 4
(x 4)(x 2 log 2) 0
x 2 log 2
=
+ + =

=
.
4)
4x 2 x 1 4x 2 x 1 3 3
9 3x 3
9 3x 3
3 2 3 2 2 2
Pt 2 .2 .2 2 .2 2 2
+ +
+ +

= =
62
x
7
= l nghim ca phng trnh .
Ch : Nu trong bi ton c
x
th iu kin ca x l : x 1; x .

V d 2: Gii phng trnh :
1)
3 x x 3 3x
2 . 4 . 0.125 4 2 = 2)
2 2
x x x x 2x
2 4.2 2 4 0
+
+ =

Gii:
1) K :
1
x
3
3x

. V cc c s ca cc ly tha u vit c di dng ly tha c s 2
nn ta bin i hai v ca phng trnh v ly tha c s 2 v so snh hai s m.
Phng trnh
x 1 1 x 7 x 1
2.
x 2
3 3x 3 3 3 2 2x
1
2 .2 .( ) 2 .2 2 .2 2 2
8
= =
x x 1 7
2
2 3 2x 3
x 3
x x 1 7
2 2 5x 14x 3 0
1
2 3 2x 3 x
5
+
=
= + = =
.
Kt hp vi iu kin ta c x 3 = l nghim ca phng trnh .
2) Cc ly tha tham gia trong phng trnh u c s 2. Ta i tm quan h gia cc s m
ta thy
2 2 2 2
(x x) (x x) 2x x x (x x) 2x + = + = + .
Ta c:
2 2
x x 2x x x 2x
PT 2 .2 4.2 2 4 0

+ = .
2 2
x x 2x 2x 2x x x
2 (2 4) (2 4) 0 (2 4)(2 1) 0

= =
2
2x
x x
2 4
x 1
x 0
2 1
=
=
.

V d 3: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

2
x 3x 1
2x 1 3x 2
1) 2 4
1
2) ( ) (0,125)
2
+ +
>

2
x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1
2 2x x 1 2 1 x
3) 3 5 3 5
1 1
4) (x ) (x )
2 2
+ + + +
+ +
+ +
+ +

Gii:
1)
x 6x 2
2
BPT 2 2 x 6x 2 x
5
> > < .

2)
x
x x x x x x
5
3
5 3 3
BPT 25.5 5.5 9.3 3.3 20.5 6.3 x log
3 10 10
| |
> > > >
|
\
.
3)
2
2x 1 3x 2 9x 6
2 2
1 1 1
BPT 2x 1 9x 6 2x 9x 5 0
2 8 2
+ + +
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
\ \ \

1
x ( ; ] [5;+ )
2
.
4) V
2
1
x 0
2
+ > nn ta c cc trng hp sau
*
2
1 1
x 1 x
2
2
+ = = .
*
2
2
2
1
1 x 1
| x |
x 1
2 2
1
x
2x x 1 1 x
2x 2x 0 2

>
+ >

>

+ + +

.
*
2
2
2
1
1
| x |
x 1
1
2 2 x 0
2
2x x 1 1 x
2x 2x 0
<
+ <

<

+ +
+

.
Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
1 1
x ( ; 1] [ ;0] [ ; )
2 2
+ .
Ch : Ta c th gii bi 4 nh sau:

2 2
1
BPT (x )(2x 2x) 0
2
+ . Lp bng xt du ta cng tm c tp nghim nh trn

V d 4: Tm tt c cc cp s thc (x;y) tha mn ng thi cc iu kin sau :
2
3
| x 2x 3| log 5 (y 4)
3 5
+
= (1) v
2
4| y | | y 1| (y 3) 8 + + (2).
Gii:
V | y | 1 | y 1| 4| y | 1 | y 1| 0 + + nn t (2)
2
(y 3) 9 y 0 +
2
(2) y 3y 0 3 y 0 + (*).
Mt khc
2
| x 2x 3| y 3
(1) 3 5 y 3 0 y 3

= (**)
T (*) v (**) ta c y 3 =
2
| x 2x 3| 2
3 0 x 2x 3 0 x 1; x 3

= = = = .
Th li ta thy cc gi tr ny tha mn (1) v (2).
Vy (x; y) ( 1; 3), (3; 3) = l nhng cp (x;y) cn tm.

Ch : 1) Vi bi ton trn ta thy (2) l Bt phng trnh mt n nn ta tm cch gii (2)
v ta d on bi ton tha mn ti nhng im bin ca y.
2) Ta c th gii (2) bng cch ph b du tr tuyt i ta cng tm c nghim ca (2) l
3 y 0 , tuy nhin cch lm vy cho ta li gii di.

V d 5: Gii v bin lun phng trnh :
| x 1|
1
2m 1
2

= .
Gii:
* Nu
1
2m 1 0 m
2
th phng trnh v nghim.
* Nu
| x 1|
1 1
m PT 2 (2)
2 2m 1
> =
.
+) Vi
| x 1|
1
1 m 1 (2) 2 1 (2)
2m 1
= = =
c 1 nghim x 1 = .
+) Vi m 1 (2) c 2 nghim phn bit
2
x 1 log (2m 1) = .

Bi tp:
Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1)
x x 1 x 2 x x 1 x 2
2 2 2 3 3 3
+ + + +
+ + = + + 2)
2
2x x 5 2x 1
3 27
+ + +
=
3)
2
x 5x 6 x 3
5 2
+
= 4)
x 1
x
x
2 .5 10
= 5)
2
x 5x 4
2 2 x 4
(x 3) (x 3)
+
+
+ = +
6)
x 5 x 17
x 7 x 3
32 0, 25.128
+ +

= ( x=10). 7)
x x
x x = (x=1;x=4)
8)
2x 2
x
3 9 9
.
4 16 16
| |
=
|
\
9)
x 1 x x x
2 . 27 . 5 180
+
= .
10)
2 2 2
x 3x 2 x 6x 5 2x 3x 7
4 4 4 1
+ + + + +
+ = + .
Bi 3: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1)
2
x 4x x 4
3 2

2) 10 3 10 3
3
1
1
3
+ <
+
+
) ( )
x
x
x
x
3)
2
2 x x
(4x 2x 1) 1
+ +
4)
2
2x x 1
| x 1| 1
+
> 5)
2
2 2x 3 2 x
(x x 1) (x x 1)
+ + < +
6)
x x 2
x x
2.3 2
1
3 2
+
7)
2
x | x 1|
x 2x
1
3
3

| |
|
\

8)
2 2 2
2 x 1 x 2 x
4x x.2 3.2 x .2 8x 12
+
+ + > + +
Bi 4: Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht
2
| x m 2|
3m 1
2m 1
5
+
= + .
Bi 5: Tm m phng trnh
2
| x 4x 3|
4 2
1
m m 1
5
+

= +

c bn nghim phn bit.

2) Cc phng php gii PT BPT m:

1. Phng php t n ph

Cng nh PT BPT v t v lng gic, gii PT BPT m ta c th dng phng php
t n ph. Tc l ta thay th mt biu thc cha hm s m bng mt biu thc cha n
ph m ta t v chuyn v nhng phng trnh bt phng trnh ma ta bit cch
gii. Phng php t n ph rt phong ph v a dng, c c cch t n ph ph
hp th ta phi nhn xt c quan h cu cc c s c trong phng trnh.

V d 1: Gii phng trnh:
1)
x x
2.16 15.4 8 0 = 2)
2
cos 2x cos x
4 4 3 0 + = .
Gii:

1) Nhn xt c s ta thy 16 chnh l bnh phng ca 4, tc l ta c:
x 2 x x 2
16 (4 ) (4 ) = =
Nn ta t:
x x x 2 2
t 4 , t 0 16 (4 ) t = > = = .
Phng trnh tr thnh:
2 2x 3
3
2t 15t 8 0 t 8 2 2 x
2
= = = = .
2) V s m ca hai ly tha trong phng trnh l hai hm s lng gic v hai hm s
ny biu th qua nhau bi h thc
2
cos 2x 2cos x 1 = nn ta chuyn s m ca hai ly
tha v mt hm lng gic.
Ta c phng trnh
2 2
2cos x cos x
4 4.4 12 0 + = .
t
2
cos x
t 4 , t 0 = > , ta c phng trnh :
2
t 4t 12 0 t 2 + = =
2
2cos x 2
2 2 2cos x 1 cos 2x 0 x k
4 2

= = = = + .
Nhn xt: Ta c dng tng qut ca bi ton trn l:
f (x)
F(a ) 0 = .Vi dng ny ta t
f (x)
t a , t 0 = > v chuyn v phng trnh F(t) 0 = , gii tm nghim dng t ca phng
trnh, t ta tm c x. Ta thng gp dng:
2f (x) f (x)
m.a n.a p 0 + + = .
Vi BPT ta cng lm tng t.

V d 2: Gii cc bt phng trnh:
1)
x 1 x
2 2 1
< 2)
2 2
x 2x x x 2x x 1
9 7.3 2

Gii:
1) BPT
x
x
2
2 1
2
< . t
x
t 2 , t 1 = , ta c:
2 x
2
t 1 t t 2 0 1 t 2 2 2 0 x 1
t
< < < < < .
2) BPT
2 2
x 2x x x 2x x
3.9 7.3 6

.
t
2
x 2x x
t 3 , t 0

= > , ta c bt phng trnh :
2 2 2
3t 7t 6 0 t 3 x 2x x 1 x 2x x 1 +
2
2 2
x 2x 0 x 0 V x 2
1
x 1 0 x 1 x 0 V x 2
4
x 1/ 4
x 2x (x 1)

+

+
.

V d 3: Gii cc bt phng trnh :
1)
4
4
1
x
x x x
2
2.3 9 9
+
+
+ 2)
2x x x 4 x 4
3 8.3 9.9 0
+ + +
> .

Gii:
1) Trong bt phng trnh
Chia hai v BPT cho
x
9 ta c:
4 4
x x x x
2.3 3.9 1

+ .
t
4
x x
t 3 , t 0
= > , ta c BPT:
4
2 x x 1
1
3t 2t 1 0 t 3 3
3

+
4 4 4
1 5 7 3 5
x x 1 x x 1 0 x 0 x
2 2
+ +
.
2) Chia hai v BPT cho
x 4
9
+
ta c:
2(x- x+4) x x 4
3 8.3 9 0
+
>
t
x x 4
t 3 , t 0
+
= > , ta c:
2 x x 4 2
t 8t 9 0 t 9 3 3
+
> > >
2 2
x 2 0 x 2
x x 4 2 x 2 x 4 x 0
(x 2) x 4 x 3x 0
+ > >

+ > + > + >

+ > + + >

.

V d 4: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1)
2 2
x x 2 x x
2 2 3
+
= 2)
3x x
3(x 1) x
1 12
2 6.2 1
2 2
+ = .

Gii:
1) PT
2 2 2
2
x x 2(x x) x x
x x
4
2 3 2 3.2 4 0
2

= = .
t
2
x x
t 2 , t 0
= > . Ta c:
2 2
x 1
t 3t 4 0 t 4 x x 2 0
x 2
=
= = =

=
.
2) t
x
t 2 , t 0 = > ta c:
3 3
3 3
8 12 8 2
t 6t 1 (t ) 6(t ) 1 0
t t
t t
+ = = .
t
3 2 2 2
3 2
2 8 2 4 2 2
y t t t t 2 t (t ) 6 y(y 6)
t t t t
t t
| | | | | | (
= = + + = + = +
| | |
(
\ \ \

Nn ta c phng trnh :
3 2
2
y 1 0 y 1 t 1 t t 2 0 t 2 x 1
t
= = = = = = .
V d 5: Gii phng trnh :
1)
x x
(5 24) (5 24) 10 + + = 2)
x x
(7 4 3) 3(2 3) 2 0 + + = .
Gii:
Nhn xt hai c s ta thy:
x x
(5 24)(5 24) 1 (5 24) (5 24) 1 + = + = . Do vy
nu t
x x
1
t (5 24) , t 0 (5 24)
t
= + > = v phng trnh cho tr thnh
2
1
t 10 t 10t 1 0 t 5 24
t
+ = + = = .
T y ta tm c x 1 = .
Nhn xt: Bi ton trn c dng tng qut nh sau:
f (x) f (x)
m.a n.b p 0 + + = , trong a.b 1 = . t
f (x) f (x)
1
t a , t 0 b
t
= > = .

2) Ta c:
2
7 4 3 (2 3) + = + v (2 3)(2 3) 1 + = nn ta t
x
t (2 3) , t 0 = + > ta c
phng trnh :
2 3 2
3
t 2 0 t 2t 3 0 (t 1)(t t 3) 0 t 1
t
+ = + = + + = =
x
(2 3) 1 x 0 + = = .

1)
x x x
6.9 13.6 6.4 0 + = 2)
2 2 2
x 2x 1 2x x 2x x 1
9 34.15 25 0
+ + +
+ =

Gii:
1) Nhn xt cc c s ta c:
2 2
9 3 ;4 2 ;6 3.2 = = = , do nu t
x x
a 3 , b 2 = = , ta c:
2 2
6a 13ab 6b 0 + = y l phng trnh ng cp bc hai i vi a,b. Chia hai v PT
cho b
2
v t
x
a 3
t
b 2

= =

ta c:
2
3 2
6t 13t 6 0 t , t
2 3
+ = = = .
T y ta c: x 1 = .

Nhn xt: Ta c dng tng qut ca phng trnh trn l:
2f (x) f (x) 2f (x)
m.a n.(a.b) p.b 0 + + = . Chia 2 v phng trnh cho
2f (x)
b v t
f (x)
a
t ( ) , t 0
b
= > . Ta c PT:
2
mt nt p 0 + + = .

2) PT
2 2 2
2x x 2x x 2x x
9.9 34.15 25.25 0

+ =
2 2
2(2x x ) 2x x
2
3 3
9 34 25 0 9t 34t 25 0
5 5

| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ \
(Vi
2
2x x
3
t , t 0
5
| |
= >
|
\
).
25
t 1; t
9
= = .
*
2
2x x
2
3
t 1 1 2x x 0 x 0; x 2
5
| |
= = = = =
|
\
.
*
2
2x x 2
2
25 3 3
t x 2x 2 0 x 1 3
9 5 5

| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ \
.

V d 7:Gii phng trnh:
1)
x x 3x 1
125 50 2
+
+ = 2)
x x x x
3.8 4.12 18 2.27 0 + = .
Gii:
1) PT
3x 2x
3x 2x x 3x
5 5
5 5 .2 2.2 2 0
2 2
| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ \

t
x
5
t , t 0
2
| |
= >
|
\
ta c:
3 2 2
t t 2 0 (t 1)(t 2t 2) 0 t 1 x 0 + = + + = = = .
Vy phng trnh c nghim x 0 = .
2) PT
3x 2x x
2 2 2
3 4. 2 0
3 3 3
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ \ \
. t
x
2
t , t 0
3
| |
= >
|
\
ta c:
3 2 2
2
3t 4t t 2 0 (t 1)(3t t 2) 0 t x 1
3
+ = + + = = = .

V d 8: Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim
1)
x x
4 5.2 m 0 + + = 2)
x x
7 3 5 7 3 5
( ) m( ) 8
2 2
+
+ = .
Gii:
1) t
x
t 2 , t 0. = > Phng trnh tr thnh:
2
t 5t m + = (1). Suy ra phng trnh cho
c nghim (1) c nghim t 0 > .
Vi t 0 > ta c hm
2
f (t) t 5t 0 = + > v lin tc nn phng trnh cho c nghim
m 0 m 0 > < .
2) t :
x
7 3 5
t , t 0
2
| |
+
= >
|
\
, ta c phng trnh :
2
m
t 8 t 8t m
t
+ = = (2)
Suy ra phng trnh cho c nghim (1) c nghim t 0 > .
Xt hm s
2
f (t) t 8t = vi t 0 > , ta c:
2
f (t) (t 4) 16 16 = nn phng trnh
cho c nghim m 16 m 16 .

V d 9: Tm m bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
1)
x x
9 m.3 1 0 + + 2)
2x x x 4 x 4
3 m.3 9.9 0
+ + +
< .
Gii:
1) t
x
t 3 , t 0 = > . Bt phng trnh tr thnh:
2
2
t 1
t mt 1 0 m
t
+
+ + (3).
Bt phng trnh cho c nghim (3) c nghim

t 0
t 0 Minf (t) m
>
>
(*)
.
Xt hm s
2
t 1
f (t)
t
+
= vi t 0 > . Ta c
2
2
t 1
f '(t) f '(t) 0 t 1
t
= = = . T y suy ra
t 0
Minf (t) f (1) 2 (*) m 2 m 2
>
= = .
Ch : BPT : ( ) f (x) k f(x) k c nghim trn D
D D
Minf (x) k ( Max k)
2) Chia hai v ca BPT cho
x x 4
3
+ +
ta c:
x x 4 x 4 x
9
3 9.3 m 0 f (t) t m
t
+ +
< = < (**), trong
x x 4
t 3
+
=
Xt hm s u(x) x x 4 = + vi x 4 . Ta c
1 1 15 15 17
u'(x) 1 u'(x) 0 x 4 x u(x) u( )
4 4 4 4
2 x 4
= = + = = =
+

Suy ra
17
4
t 3
.
Xt hm s f(t) trn
4
1
D [ ; )
81 3
= + , ta c f(t) l hm ng bin nn
4 4
D
1 1 729 3
Minf (t) f ( )
81 3 81 3
= = BPT cho c nghim (**) c nghim t D

4
D
1 729 3
m Min f(t)
81 3
> = .
Ch : 1) bi ton trn chng ta thng mc sai lm l khi t t ta cho rng iu kin
ca t l t 0 > ! Dn n iu ny l do chng ta khng xc nh tp gi tr ca u(x) v lc
ta s cho li gii sai!.
2) BPT
D D
f (x) k (f (x) k) x D Minf (x) k (Maxf (x) k) .

V d 10: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a sao cho bt phng trnh sau c nghim
ng vi mi x 0 :
x 1 x x
a.2 (2a 1)(3 5) (3 5) 0
+
+ + + + < .
Gii:
BPT
x x x
2a.2 (2a 1)(3 5) (3 5) 0 + + + + <
x x
3 5 3 5
(2a 1) 2a 0
2 2
| | | |
+
+ + + <
| |
\ \

t
x x
3 5 1 3 5
t , 0 t 1 x 0
2 t 2
| | | |
+
= < =
| |
\ \
v bt phng trnh tr thnh:
2
2
1 t 1
t (2a 1) 2a 0 t 1 2a(t 1) 2a ( )
t t 1
+
+ + + < + < + <
+
I
Xt hm s
2
t 1
f (t)
t 1
+
=
+
vi t D (0;1] = .
Ta c:
2
2
(0;1]
t 2t 1
f '(t) f '(t) 0 t 1 2 Maxf (t) f (1) 1
(t 1)
+
= = = + = =
+
.
BPT cho nghim ng x 0 ( ) I ng
(0;1]
1
t (0;1] 2a Maxf (t) a
2
> < .
V d 11: Tm m bpt
2 2 2
2x x 2x x 2x x
m.9 (2m 1)6 m.4 0

+ + nghim ng vi
mi x tha mn
1
| x |
2
.
Gii:
Chia hai v bt phng trnh cho
2
2x x
4

v t
2
2x x
3
t
2
| |
=
|
\
ta c bt phng trnh :
2 2
m.t (2m 1)t m 0 t m(t 2t 1) + + + (*).
Xt hm s
2
u(x) 2x x = vi
1
| x |
2
, c
1 1
u'(x) 4x 1 u(x) u( ) 0 | x |
2 2
= =
1
t 1 | x |
2
.
* Vi t=1 ta thy (*) ng.
* Vi
2
t
t 1 (*) f (t) m (**)
t 2t 1
> =
+

Ta c
2
4
t 1
f '(t) 0 t 1 f (t)
(t 1)
+
= < >
nghch bin trn (1; ) +

M
t
lim f (t) 0 f (t) 0 t 1
+
= > > . Suy ra (**) ng t 1 m 1 > .


2. Phng php nh gi.
Ni dung phng php ny l da vo tnh n iu ca hm s m tm nghim ca
phng trnh. ng li chnh l ta d on mt nghim ca phng trnh ri da vo
tnh n iu ca hm s m chng minh phng trnh c nghim duy nht.

V d1: Gii cc phng trnh sau
x x x
1) 4 3 5 + =
x
2) 3 4 x =
Gii:
1) Ta kh tm c mi lin h gia cc c s xut hin trong bi ton. Tuy nhin ta nhn
thy phng trnh c nghim x=2. Ta tm cch chng minh x=2 l nghim duy nht ca
phng trnh. lm iu ny ta chia hai v phng trnh cho
x
5 (Nhm to ra hm s
VT nghch bin) ta c:
x x
4 3
1
5 5
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ \
(1).
Gi f (x) l VT ca (1) f (x) l hm nghch bin v f (2) 1 = .
* x 2 f (x) f (2) 1 (1) > < = v nghim.
* x 2 f (x) f (2) 1 (1) < > = v nghim.
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 2 = .
2) Ta c:
x
PT 3 x 4 + = (2)
Ta thy VT ca (2) l mt hm ng bin v x=1 l mt nghim ca phng trnh v y
cng l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh cho.
x x
1) 3.4 (3x 10)2 3 x 0 + + =
2
x 4 2 x 2
2) 4 (x 4)2 1

+ = .

Gii:

V d 2: Gii v bin lun phng trnh:
+ + + + +
= + +
2 2
2 2 2 4 2 2
5 5 2
x mx x mx m
x mx m

Bi tp:
Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau
1)
4x 8 2x 5
3 4.3 27 0
+ +
+ = 2)
x 1
x 5
x 1 2
3.2 2 4 0
+
+
+ =
3)
x x x 3
(5 21) 7(5 21) 2
+
+ + = 4)
sin x sin x
( 5 2 6) ( 5 2 6) 2 + + =
5) 0 8 2 . 12 4
5
2
1 5
2
= +
x x x x
6)
Bi 2: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1)
2
2
2x x
x 2x
1
9 2 3
3
| |

|
\

Bi tp
Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau
x x
x+1 x
7) 25 6.5 5 0
8) 3 18.3 29
+ >
+ <

x+1 x 2
x x x
2x 1 x 2x 1
x x
x x
10) 4 2 3 0
11)
12) 3.16 2.81 5.36
13) 2 5.6 3 0
14) ( 2 3) ( 2 3) 14
15) ( 7 48) ( 7 48) 14
16)
+
+ +
+ =
+ =

+ + =
+ +

Bi 2: Tm m cc phng trnh v Bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
+
+
+ + =
+
2
1
1) .9 ( 1)3 1 0
2)4 .2 3 2 0
x x
x x
m m m
m m


PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

1.Phng trnh c bn
*
=
( ) ( )
log ( ) log ( )
( ) 0 ( ( ) 0)
a a
f x g x
f x g x
f x g x

* = = log ( ) ( )
b
a
f x b f x a
* log ( ) log ( )
a a
f x g x (*)
+ Nu a>1 th
>

>
( ) ( )
(*)
( ) 0
f x g x
g x

+ Nu 0<a<1 th
<

>
( ) ( )
(*)
( ) 0
f x g x
f x

Ch : log ( )
a
f x c ngha
>

<
( ) 0
0 1
f x
a

V d 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau
+ =
+ = +
+ + =
3 3 3
2
2
2
1) log ( 1) log ( 2) log 6
2) lg( 7 6) lg( 1) 1
3) ( 1-x 1 2)log ( ) 0
x x
x x x
x x x

+
+ < +
<
2
1
2
2
5 5 5
3
4) log ( 3 2) 1
5)log (4 144) 4 log 2 log 5(2 1)
2 3
6) log 1
1
x x
x x
x
x

2. Cc phng php gii Phng trnh-Bt phng trnh logarit

Phng php t n ph:
*Cng thc i c s: ==
log
log
log
a
b
a
x
x
b
.
V d 1: Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau
+ =
+ =
+ + =
2 1
2
5 5
2 2
3 3
1) 1 log ( 1) log 4
5
2) log log 1
3) log log 1 5 0
x
x
x
x
x
x x

| |
+ <
|
|
\
+ + > +
3
4 2 2
1 1 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
4 2
32
4) log log 9log 4 log
8
5) log (2 3 2)1 log (2 3 2)
x
x x
x
x x x x

2
3
2 3
16 2
lg lg 5
2
lg 7
lg 1
4
log (1 2 ) 2
)lg lg 2 0
1 2
) 1
4 lg 2 lg
)3log 16 4 log 2log
)5 50
)log 16 log 64 3
) 10
*)9 5 5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
a x x
c
x x
d x x
f x
g
h x
i x
+
+
+ =
+ =
+
=
+ =
+ =
=
=

+
+
+ + =
+ =
+ +
=
>
3
2 2
2 1
1 1
2 2
8
4 2
2
2
3
27
2
1 2
2
1 1 2
2 4
5
3
1 3
log log
2 2
1)log (4 4) log (2 3.2 )
1 1
2) log ( 3) log ( 1) log (4 )
2 4
3) 16log 3log
4) 4( log ) log 0 (0;1)
5)log 2log ( 1) log 6 0
6)log (5 4) 1
7)log log 3
8) 2 2
9)
x x x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x x
x x
x x m x
x x
x
x
x
+ <
2
2
4
log (log ( 2 ) 0 x x x


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Phng trnh bt phng trnh h phng trnh m v Lgarit

Nguyn Tt Thu Trng L Hng Phong Bin Ha 1

> > < .

= = BPT cho c nghim (**) c nghim t D

nghch bin trn (1; ) +

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