Fuel systems

(Carburetor)

Function of the carburetor

To meter the liquid fuel as required by the engine

Atomize the fuel and mix it with the air stream

.Enable the engine to run smoothly in all engine operating conditions

Simple Carburetor
Aair
Pa = P1

P = P1 P2

P2

Afuel

* Changing
Aair/Afuel !!

Throttle opening

Simple Carburetor problems

Idling circuit
Acceleration (Response time)
Chock (Cold starting)

Carburetor Idle circuit and mix

adjustment

Variable Jet Carburetor

Intake System of a Gasoline Internal

Combustion Engine with a Two-Barrel
Carburetor

Assumptions:
Incompressible flow
No Heat transfer
Frictionless flow
No external work
Distance between venture inlet and
throat is negligible
Calculation of F/A ratio
A. For air

Air

Apply Bernoulli equation between 1 and 2

P1 V12
P2 V22

gZ1
gZ 2
1 2
2 2

Fuel

1 2 a

P1 P2

V22 V12

2 Pa

V22 V12 ..............(1)

Apply continuity equation

A2
1 A1 V1 2 A2 V2 V1 V2
A1

..............( 2)

Air

From 2 in 1
A
2Pa
V22 V22 2
a
A1

V2

Where

A
2Pa

V22 1 2
a

A1

2Pa
a
A2
1
A1

Fuel

A2
1
A1

approuch factor

If A1>>> A2

A
1 2

A1

2Pa
a

V2

Mass flow rate:

m a Ca A2 V2 a Ca a
Ca a

2Pa a

Ca a

Pa 2 a

Air

Actual velocity:
If Ca = flow coefficient
Ca = Va)act / Va)th
Ca < 1 V2)act < V2)th
2Pa
a

Fuel

B. For Fuel
Similarly as air

f Cf f
m

Ca
a
m
A

C
f
F
m
f

Pf

2f

Air

Aa

A
f

Pa
Pf
Fuel