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Internal Resistance of Cell & Combinations of Cells: by R. S. Saini
Internal Resistance of Cell & Combinations of Cells: by R. S. Saini
Combinations of Cells
01.06.09
By R. S. Saini
(M.Sc. Physics, M.Ed.)
9417071540
Sources of emf:
The electro motive force is the maximum potential difference between the
two electrodes of the cell when no current is drawn from the cell.
Potential Difference
It is independent of the
resistance of the circuit.
Larger the separation between the electrodes of the cell, more the length
of the electrolyte through which current has to flow and consequently a
higher value of internal resistance.
ii) Greater the conductivity of the electrolyte, lesser is the internal resistance
of the cell. i.e. internal resistance depends on the nature of the electrolyte.
iii) The internal resistance of a cell is inversely proportional to the common
area of the electrodes dipping in the electrolyte.
iv) The internal resistance of a cell depends on the nature of the electrodes.
E =V+v
E r
= IR + Ir
= I (R + r)
I = E / (R + r)
v
I
I
R
E r
v
I
I
R
Dividing by IR = V,
Ir
EV
r =(
=
IR
- 1) R
V
+
r
V
r
I
R.B (R)
I
R.B (R)
K
Open circuit (No current is drawn)
K
Closed circuit (Current is drawn)
E r
E r
E r
I
I
R
V
= nE
= nr + R
Current I =
nE
nr + R
NOTE:
1. The emf of the battery is the same as that of a
single cell.
E r
= E
Current I =
nE
nR + r
E r
R
V
= (r / n) + R
Mixed Grouping
Cells are said to be in mixed grouping if are
connected in the manner as shown.
Mixed Grouping
( m terms ) =
m
nr
Mixed Grouping
nr
Hence total resistance in the circuit is =
m
and effective e.m.f. is = nE
Hence total current
nE
mnE
I=
=
(1)
nr mR + nr
R+
m
Mixed Grouping
2
) + ( nr )
= ( mR ) + ( nr ) 2 ml nr + 2
= ( mR nr ) + 2 mR nr
mR + nr =
mR
ml nr
mE nE
=
=
2r 2R