Metellus 1

Works Cited
"Apollo 13." Nasa.gov. NASA, 8 July 2009. Web. 15 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo13.html#.Vfi1RflViko>.
Secondary Source, to show how Apollo 13 experienced many problems with there shuttle
and how the damage severely damaged there mission. I learned that Apollo 13 had
troubles with there oxygen tanks, causing them to fail and leave the crew with no water.
"APOLLO 13 (AS-508)." http://airandspace.si.edu/. Smithsonian National Air and Space, n.d.
Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <http://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apolloprogram/landing-missions/apollo13.cfm>. Secondary Source, I used it to show the
moment when data was lost from Ground Crew. I learned that the panel seperation
schock closed the fuel cell 1 and 3 oxygen, which caused data loss from the ground crew.
"Apollo 13 Mission." Lunar and Planetary Institute. USRA, 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.
<http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_13/experiments/>. Secondary, to
show how even though there main destination failed, the Apollo 13 crew still exchanged
data from the numerous experiments they conducted. I learned how the crew aided in
feasibility by performing stereoscopic determination of cloud height.
"Apollo 13 Moon Mission." MoonConenction. Ed. David Rose. BlueMarmot Inc., 2015. Web. 18
Oct. 2015. <http://www.moonconnection.com/apollo_13.phtml>. Secondary, to show
how the crew encountered a drastic problem in there chill down system. I learned that due
to weather conditions, the drainage didn't dissipate but turned to fog.
Apollo 13 Saturn v Launch. Youtube. Discovery, 14 Dec. 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=110&v=J-uaEBOJ8bU>. Primary Source, Im going
to use the source to show how to Shuttle launched from JFK and how they prepared from

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the launch. I learned that the launch was already a risky job due to the fact the Ground
Crew knew that something might malfunction
"Apollo 13 Splashdown." Apollo 13 Journey Back to Earth. 17 Apr. 1970. Television. Primary,
wanted to show a visual presentation of live footage of the Apollo 13 Module landing in
the Pacific. I learned that the module's re entry's speed was the fastest of its time.
Britannica Online. "Apollo 13." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online, n.d.
Web. 12 Oct. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-13-mission>. Secondary,
the show the encounter of the Apollo 13 crew and the moon when they used as a
slingshot effect to reach the speed for re entry. I learned that S IVB had a separate
experiment which was to make a moon quake when it landed on the Moon.
Bush, George Walker. "George W. Bush on the Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster." White House.
Washington D.C. , Virginia. 1 Feb. 2003. Speech.
CBS News Coverage of Splashdown. CBS. CBS, Chicago, 17 Apr. 1970. Television. Primary,
show how the world was intertwined with the process of the Apollo 13 mission, and how
the mission was broadcasted all over. I never knew that there were cameras recording
every moment of the Splashdown.
Center, Kennedy Space, ed. "Apollo 13 Anniversary." Kennedy Space Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 15
Oct. 2015. <https://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/nasa-news-and-history/nasanews/apollo13.aspx>. Secondary, to show significance of the Apollo 13 mission to the
NASA Corporation. I learned how NASA referred to the Apollo mission as a "successful
failure" in there eyes.
Cole, Micheal D. "Back Home." Lucky Thirteen. Apollo 13 Space Emergency. Berkeley Heights:
EnslowPublishers, Inc, 1995. 38-40. Print. Countdown to Space 94. Secondary Source, to

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express how America showed gratitude to the Apollo 13 Crew who put there lives before
any one else s. I learned that the astronauts and ground crew received the Presidential
Medal of Freedom, the highest award as a citizen.
Daily, Space. "Apollo 13." Encyclopedia Astronautica. Encyclopedia Astronautica, n.d. Web. 16
Oct. 2015. <http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo13.htm>. Secondary, to show how
the astronauts were able to return safely back to land, from there module. I learned that
the USS Iwo Jima was the rescue ship for the Apollo 13 Crew.
Dumoulin, Jim. "Apollo 13 (29)." jsc.nasa. NASA, 29 June 2001. Web. 31 Oct. 2015.
<http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-13/apollo-13.html>. Secondary, to
show the effect the big bang (Engine Explosion) had on the Apollo 13 crew initially. I
learned that the crew already knew a accident was already going to happen due to the
flashing lights on the empty tanks.
Garret, Russ. "Splashdown of Apollo 13 Pod." Apollo 13 Spacelogs. /dev/fort, n.d. Web. 24 Sept.
2015. <http://media.spacelog.org/a13/images/media/05_22_55_12_1.jpg>. Primary
Source, to show how the Apollo crew was transported from there module back to land by
helicopter. I learned that when the Apollo crew landed, the module transformed into a
compact boat so the crew can wait for there transportation.
Greene, David. "Apollo 13 Part 2: A Dying Ship And A Crew Fighting For Life." About
Space/Astronomy. About Education, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2015.
<http://space.about.com/od/spaceexplorationhistory/a/apollo13_2.htm>. Secondary, to
show Apollo's encounter with the electricity voltage dropping for there re entry. I learned
that the Apollo 13 Crew had to convert to Agaurius (Lunar Module) for re-entry.

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Greene, Nick. "Apollo 13 Part 4: Farewell, Aquarius, We're Going Home." About Education.
About.com, 2015. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
<http://space.about.com/od/spaceexplorationhistory/a/apollo13_4.htm>. Secondary, to
show how careful the Apollo crew had to be which geographically coordinating there
course corrections. I learned that they would have the align the module at a angle where
they would travel in the center of the re entry corridor.
- - -. "Apollo 13 Part 1: Was This Incredible Space Exploration Mission Jinxed?" About
Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 1 Oct. 2015.
<http://space.about.com/od/spaceexplorationhistory/a/apollo13.htm>. Secondary Source,
I'm going to use this to show how Apollo 13 lost broadcast to the world when they
radioed in there last message. I learned that the Apollo 13 did a television broadcast of
there thoughts being on board a shuttle.
Holden, Henry M. "Staying Alive." Liftoff. Triumph over Disaster aboard Apollo 13. Berkeley
Heights: EnslowPublishers, Inc, 2004. 23-24. Print. A MyReportLinks.com Book 10.
Secondary Source, to show the Apollo Crew ran on very little resources and had to
convert into rationing out meals evenly. I learned that that the crew used liquid hydrogen
and oxygen to make water and electricity.
Howard, Ron, dir. "Apollo 13 (10/11) Movie CLIP - It's Been a Privilege Flying With You (1995)
HD." Apollo 13. Dir. Ron Howard. Universal Sudio, 1995. Youtube. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eURy8NskhGM>. Secondary, to show how to crew
experienced harsh conditions and persevered through many challenges when they re
entered Earth's atmosphere. Some things I learned were, the heat shield for re entry
wasn't fully functional and the ground crew believed this failure was there finest hour.

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Institution, Smithsonian. Apollo 13 Command Module Odyssey. N.d. Photograph. CosmoSphere.
Smithsonian Inst. Affiliations Program. Primary, shows the condition of the Apollo 13
module after its ground breaking feat as a component in the Apollo mission. I learned
how one side of the module was completely destroyed leaving it a nuisance for
restoration.
Jsc.Nasa. NASA, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
<http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/AS13_PAO.PDF>. Primary, to show how
the crew communicated and they initiated the rigorous procedures that the ground crew
told upon them. I learned that the ground crew was a essantial part to the mission's
survival, the crew and Apollo 13 crew worked together as one to make sure everyone
made it safely home.
Lovell, Jim Arthur. "Phase 2: Earth Orbit Manuscript." Florida, Launchpad LaunchPad 39A.
Houston. 11 Apr. 1970. Reading. Primary Source, to show how the Ground Crew went
through all the procedures and reviewed all flight plans with the crew. I learned that even
though the ground crew went through there procedure, they knew that there some
something wrong with the shuttle itself.
"Mission Photography Overview: Apollo 13." Lunar and Planetary Institution. USRA, 2015.
Web. 26 Oct. 2015.
<http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_13/photography/>. Secondary, to
show how the Apollo 13 crew interacted directly with the moon by taking orbital photos
of interest. I learned that the orbital photos were an alternative objective for the mission
since they couldn't land directly on the moon due to damages on the module.

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"NASA." National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, n.d.
Web. 30 Sept. 2015. Secondary Source, lets me expand on my knowledge of the Apollo
13 Crew, and how they contributed to the Apollo mission. I learned that Fred Haise was a
lunar module pilot for the Apollo 13 mission.
Nixon, Richard, Pr. "Nixon on Apollo 13." White House. Washington, White House. 18 Apr.
1970. Speech. Primary Source, to show President Nixon's gratitude speech towards
NASA and the astronauts. I never knew that Nixon felt so strongly to the space program
and the astronauts that risked there life's for exploitation.
Nixon, Richard Milhous. "Apollo 13 Presidential Award of Honor Ceremony." Hawaii. 1970.
Speech. Primary, to emphasize the importance the Apollo 13 crew brought to the world
with there acts of bravery and perseverance. I learned that Nixon was very involved with
NASA and their astronauts at the time especially with there projects.
Ogle, Matthew. "The command module within sight of mission control." Apollo 13 Spacelogs.
/dev/fort, n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2015.
<http://media.spacelog.org/a13/images/media/05_22_50_15-thumb.jpg>. Primary
Source, to show that the world witnessed to moment when the enduring Apollo 13
mission returned safely with all of its survivors, this picture symbolizes a sense of
perseverance and determination. I learned that the ground crew can broadcast there
images to television channels all over the world through there monitors.
Staff, History.com. "Apollo 13 Launched to Moon." History.com. N.p., 11 Apr. 2010. Web. 24
Oct. 2015. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/apollo-13-launched-to-moon>.
Secondary, shows how navigation was a major problem for the Apollo 13 crew, with

Metellus 7
diseases striking out of nowhere. I learned that the Apollo 13 crew contracted the flu from
freezing conditions.
Staff, SPACE.com. NASA Apollo Moon Rocket Engines Recovered by Jeff Bezos (Photos). 20
Mar. 2013. Photograph. Space.com. Primary, to show a visual representation of the
mangled engine from the third stage Saturn V component. I learned that this engine was
stuck at the bottom of the ocean floor for over 40 years till it resurfaced in 2013 with help
from Jeff Bezos.
Swigert, John. AS13-62-8885. 13 Apr. 1970. Photograph. Primary, to show the crew's 1st view of
the moon they were supposed to land on. I learned that the Apollo astronauts were able to
take pictures of there journey to and from Earth.
Wikipedia. "Apollo 13." Wikipedia. N.p.: Wikipedia, n.d. N. pag. Space & Astronomy.
Wikipedia. Web. 31 Oct. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13#Abort>.
Secondary, to further elaborate on the anomaly the Apollo 13 crew experienced when
Engine 2 shut down 2 minutes earlier then planned. I learned that the engine shutdown
was determined to be caused by the severe pogo oscillations.
Woodfill, Jerry. Apollo 13 Newspaper Headlines. 30 Nov. 2009. Photograph. Primary, to show
how this event was influential to history, due to the wide demand of newspapers back
then, companies mass printed Apollo 13 news to spread awareness. I learned that back
then people that many people were intrigued about space and wanted to further explore
more about our solar system.