f

0.1

0.008

0.009

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

4 5 67 9
104

4 5 6 7 9
105

3
0.3-3
0.3
0.26
0.15
0.046
0.0015

 0.01
 0.001-0.01
 0.001
0.00085
0.0005
0.00015
0.000005

3 4 5 67 9
106
Reynolds number Re

Smooth pipes

Completely turbulent regime

4 5 67 9
107

e
Relative roughness
D
0.000,01

0.000,05

0.0001

0.0002

0.0004

0.001
0.0008
0.0006

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.01
0.008

0.015

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

4 5 67 9
108

0.000,001
0.000,005

Fig. 7.13 Moody diagram. (From L. F. Moody, Trans. ASME, Vol. 66, 1944. Reproduced with permission of ASME.)
(Note: If e/D  0.01 and Re  104, the dot locates f  0.043.)

7 9
103

Riveted steel
Concrete
Wood
Cast iron
Galvanized iron
Wrought iron
Drawn tubing

e (mm)

e (ft)

Transition
zone

10:59 PM

0.03

Re
Rcr
crit

64
f =
Re

Critical
zone

11/30/10

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Laminar
flow

308

0.09

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Chapter 7 / Internal Flows

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