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1 AC Systems Lectures Mod1
1 AC Systems Lectures Mod1
R f
ME732
73
Dr. Ahmed F. Elsafty
M h i l&M
Mechanical
Marine
i E
Engineering
i
i D
Dept.
t
College of Engineering and Technology
Arab Academy for Science, Technology &
Maritime Transport
References:
ASHRAE Handbooks.
y and
Mc-Quiston, F. C. et al. HVAC Analysis
Design, John Wiley& Sons Inc. USA. 2000.
Handbook of Air Conditioning and
Wang, S. K. Handbook
Refrigeration, Mc Graw-Hill, Singapour,2001.
TROTT,
TROTT A.
A R.
R and Welch T
T., Refrigeration
Refrigeration and
Air-Conditioning 3rd ed, Butterworth-Heinemann
2000.
2000
Definitions
Types of A/C
IAQ
Direct expansion Systems
Unitary A/C Systems
-VRV and VRF.
C t l A/C S
Central
Systems
t
All Air Systems.
-Air-Water Systems
All Water Systems
Refrigeration Methods
Vapour Compression System.
- Absorption Air Conditioning
Thermo-electric Air Conditioning- Desiccant systems
Thermo
Thermo-acoustic
acoustic Air Conditioning
Steam Jet Air Conditioning
Methods of Heat Transfer
Methods
et ods o
of Air Distribution
st but o
Duct System Design - Design overview, duct materials, duct construction,
design and sizing, and sample systems.
Air Outlets
The principal codes and standards affecting air system design.
BMS
Definitions:
Refrigeration:
The p
process of removing
g heat.
Air-conditioning:
A form of air treatment whereby temperature,
humidity, ventilation, and air cleanliness are
all controlled within limits determined by the
requirements of the air conditioned enclosure.
Trott, 2000
Definition
Introduction
Purpose of air
conditioning
Luxury:
Residential
Commercial
Necessary
Pharmaceuticals
industry
Laboratories
IT Industry
Air Conditioning
Central
Unitary
A psychrometer
psychrometer.
aspiration psychrometer.
Sling psychrometer
Psychometrics
Dry-bulb Temperature: The temperature of air as registered by an ordinary thermometer.
Wet-bulb Temperature: The temperature registered by a thermometer whose bulb is covered by a welted wick and
exposed to a current of rapidly moving air.
Dew point Temperature: The temperature at which condensation of moisture begins when the air is cooled.
Relative Humidity: Ratio of the actual water vapor pressure of the air to the saturated water vapor pressure of the air at
the same temperature.
Moisture Content: The weight of water vapor in grains or pounds of moisture per pound of dry air.
Enthalpy: A thermal property indicating the quantity of heat in the air above an arbitrary datum, in Btu per pound of dry
air. The datum for dry air is 0F and, for the moisture content, 32 F water.
Enthalpy Deviation: Enthalpy indicated above, for any
given condition, is the enthalpy off saturation. It should
be corrected by the enthalpy deviation due to the air
not being in the saturated state. Enthalpy deviation is in
Btu per pound of dry air. Enthalpy deviation is applied
where extreme accuracy is required; however,
however on
normal air conditioning estimates it is omitted.
Specific Volume: The cubic feet of the mixture per
pound of dry air.
Sensible Heat Factor: The ratio of sensible to total
heat.
Alignment Circle: Located at 80 F db and 50% RH and
used in conjunction with the sensible heat factor to plot
the various air conditioning process lines.
lines
FAN
COIL (AND/OR)HEATER
FILTER
MIXING BOX
Cooling process
AMBIENT: 105oF db, 78oF wb
ROOM: 75oF db, 50% RH
MIXING: 81oF db,
db 44% RH
COIL: 53oF db, 95% RH
Central System
Split System
Temperature control
Air Cleanness
Satisfactory Any Type of Not Satisfactory LowAir Filter May be installed Efficiency Air Filters are
installed
Outdoor Air
Yes
Higher Temperature
Fl
Fluctuation
i
No!!
Load Diversity
Higher Diversity
No Diversity
C t l System
Central
S t
S lit System
Split
S t
System Efficiency
Syste
c e cy
Higher
g e
Low
ow
Equipment Life
Longer
Shorter
Maintenance
Smoke Control
Easier
More Difficult
Operator
Operator Required
No Operator
C t l System
Central
S t
S lit System
Split
S t
Initial
t a Cost
Higher
g e
Lower
owe
Energy Cost
Lower
Higher
Plant Room
Separate Equipment
Room not required
Flexibility of
Operation
Less Flexible
More Flexible
Installation
Complex
C
Central
l System
S
S li System
Split
S
Difficult
Simple
Future Expansion
Less Flexible
Flexible
If an existing
g Split
p air-conditioning
g system
y
is renovated
into a central system serving the same floor area, a lifecycle cost payback period of 3.9 years can be achieved in
H t Climates.
Hot
Cli t
Refrigeration Methods
Comfort Chart
Psychrometric processes