MODULE 04

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

& STAAD Pro
Allan E. Botuyan, MSCE

OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
2.3. DESIGN FOR ANCHORAGE
2.4. STAAD PRO INPUT PARAMETERS
2.5. STAD DESIGN OUTPUT FOR BEAMS
2.6. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS

OUTLINE
3. COLUMN DESIGN
3.1. COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAM
3.2. STAAD DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS
3.3. STAAD DESIGN OUTPUT FOR
COLUMNS
3.4 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR
COLUMNS

4. DESIGN IN STAAD PRO

I. INTRODUCTION

Analysis part is always followed by the

design part.
The design of members is based on the
critical member forces

I. INTRODUCTION

What are the critical member forces use for

design?
ANALYSIS RESULTS based on loads and
load combinations

Vertical loads = dead and live loads

Seismic loads = static or dynamic loads

P-delta effects

Horizontal torsional moments

Orthogonal effects
Load combinations

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
P-delta Effects

I. INTRODUCTION
P

uy

L
V=F
SECONDARY MOMENT

M =(FL)+(P)
R=P

I. INTRODUCTION

Pi = Pd+Pl
Vi story shear

Story height, hi

Vi story shear

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
P-delta Effects (NSCP 208.5.1.3)
1.

2.

P need not be considered when the ratio of

the secondary moment to primary moment is
less than 10%
P need not be considered when the story
drift ratio does not exceed 0.02/R

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
Horizontal Torsional Moments (NSCP 208.5.7)
The accidental torsion shall be determined by
assuming the mass is displaced 5% of the
building width.

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
Horizontal Torsional Moments (NSCP 208.5.7)
0.05L

Fz
L

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
Horizontal Torsional Moments (NSCP 208.5.7)

Fx

0.05B

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
Orthogonal Effects (NSCP208.8.1)

Fx
B

0.3Fx
L

I. INTRODUCTION
Seismic Loads
Orthogonal Effects (NSCP208.8.1)

0.3Fy
B

Fy
L

I. INTRODUCTION

note that the initial proportioning of beam

and column sizes is part of the design and
may not be the final dimension.
design is a series of iteration and resizing,
then reanalysis, then redesign.

I. INTRODUCTION
Design is an iteration process:
1. Initial sizing of beams and columns.
2. Analysis for stresses.
3. Design of steel reinforcements.
if design is inadequate, repeat step 1, 2,
and 3.
4. If design is adequate, adopt sizes and
reinforcements.
5. Apply seismic detailing

I. INTRODUCTION

All concrete design calculation is governed

by the current ACI 318 code.
Unified (strength) design method is adopted
by the current code.
The working stress design (WSD) is deleted
from the ACI 318 code
STAAD Pro does not employ the WSD for
reinforced concrete design.

I. INTRODUCTION

SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES

(SMRF) are the type of frames, instead of
ORDINARY MOMENT RESISTING
FRAMES (OMRF), are required for high
seismic risk areas, such as the Philippines.
Therefore, the NSCP requires that all
buildings in the Philippines must be
designed to effectively resist high seismic
forces.

I. INTRODUCTION

At the moment, STAAD Pro has NO

provision for automatic seismic
detailing in reinforced concrete
design.

What shall we do????

2. BEAM DESIGN
FLEXURE
SHEAR
TORSION

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE
The main (longitudinal) reinforcement is
calculated for midspan (sagging) and
support (hogging) bending moments on the
basis of the section profile in the design
brief (ie. PRISMATIC ZD, YD).

2. BEAM DESIGN
CRITICAL HOGGING MOMENT
CRITICAL HOGGING MOMENT

ZONE 1

ZONE 2

CRITICAL SAGGING MOMENT

ZONE 3

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE
The STAAD Pro does not have any limit of
any bars in any one layer as long as the
spacing requirements specified in the code
are satisfied.
The program can handle a maximum of four
layers of reinforcement, two layers each at
the top and bottom.

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE
The actual amount of steel required as well
as the maximum and minimum required for
flexure is shown as ROW, ROWMX AND
ROWMIN, respectively.
It is important to note that the beams are
designed for flexural MZ only. The moment
My is not considered in the design.

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE
MY

Top bars
(max of 2 layers)
MZ

bottom bars
(max of 2 layers)

y
b

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
COLUMN ELEMENT LINE
STEEL REINFORCEMENTS

d
BEAM ELEMENT LINE
SFACE
OR
EFACE

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
When required, torsional reinforcement in the
form of closed stirrups or hoop reinforcement
must be provided.

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
In addition to the stirrups, longitudinal steel
bars are provided in corners of the stirrups
and are well distributed around the section

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
In the ACI Code, the design for torsion is
based on space truss analogy.
After torsional cracking occurs, the torque is
resisted by closed stirrups, longitudinal bars,
and concrete compression diagonals.

2. BEAM DESIGN
2.3. DESIGN FOR ANCHORAGE
In STAAD output for flexural design, the
anchorage requirement is shown with a YES
or NO at the START and END of the beam.
The designer must provide the details of
anchorage.

2. BEAM DESIGN
Hook if anchor is YES at START and/or
END node
Exterior
Column
face

db bar diameter
4db or 2.5 min

4db
5db
6db

db bar diameter
12db

Ldh- development length

Critical section
(eg. Interior column face)

10mm to 20mm (D=6db)

28mm, 32mm, 36mm (D=8db)
43mm, 57mm (D=10db)

2.4. STAAD PRO INPUT PARAMETERS

Parameter

Default Value

Description

FYMAIN

* 60,000 psi (414 MPa)

Yield Stress for main reinforcing

steel

FYSEC

* 60,000 psi (414 MPa)

Yield Stress for Secondary Steel

FC

* 4,000 psi (28 MPa)

Compressive Strength of
Concrete

CLT

*1.5 inch (37.5 mm)

Clear cover for top

reinforcement

CLB

*1.5 inch (37.5 mm)

Clear cover for bottom

reinforcement

CLS

*1.5 inch (37.5 mm)

Clear cover for side

reinforcement

MINMAIN**

#4 (12mm)

Min main reinforcement bar size

MINSEC **

#4 (12mm)

Min secondary reinforcement

bar size

MAXMAIN **

#18 (57 mm)

Max main reinforcement bar size

2.4. STAAD PRO INPUT PARAMETERS

NSECTION***

12

Number of equally-spaced sections to be considered

in finding critical moments for beam design.

TRACK

0.0

BEAM DESIGN:
With TRACK set to 0.0, critical moments will not be
printed out with beam design report.
A value of 1.0 will mean a print out.
A value of 2.0 will print out required steel areas for al
intermediate sections specified by NSECTION.
COLUMN DESIGN:
TRACK 0.0 prints out detailed design results.
TRACK 1.0 prints out column interaction analysis
results in addition to TRACK 0.0 output.
TRACK 2.0 prints out schematic interaction diagram
and intermediate interaction values in addition to all
of the above.

RHOMN

0.01
(1%)

Minimum reinforcement required in a concrete

column. ACI code allows 1% to 8%.

EXAMPLE
DESIGN BRIEF FOR BEAMS
UNIT KN METER
START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE ACI 2002
FYMAIN 414 ALL
MAXMAIN 20 ALL
CLB 40MM
DESIGN BEAM 17 10
END CONCRETE DESIGN

EXAMPLE : DESIGN BRIEF FOR BEAMS

In STAAD Pro V8i (SELECT Series 1), three

versions of the ACI Code are implemented:
1999, 2002, and 2005
To access any of the code editions, specify
the commands
START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE ACI 1999 (for 1999)
or CODE ACI 2002 (for 2002)
or CODE ACI (for 2005)

2.5. SAMPLE STAAD BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT

BEAM NO. 97 DESIGN RESULTS - FLEXURE PER CODE ACI 318-05
LEN - 5000. MM FY - 275. FC - 21. MPA, SIZE - 300. X 400. MMS
LEVEL
HEIGHT BAR INFO
FROM
TO
ANCHOR
(MM)
(MM)
(MM)
STA END
_________________________________________________________
1
54.
5 - 12MM
802.
3989.
NO NO
2
342.
4 - 20MM
0.
1484.
YES NO
3
342.
4 - 20MM
3308.
5000.
NO YES
__________________________________________________________
Override these values
if longitudinal
reinforcement for
torsion is required.

Check the output if ACI318-05

to comply with NSCP 2010

2.5. OUTPUT OF BEAM DESIGN

(SHEAR and TORSION)

This is not final.

To be checked
against seismic
provisions

B E A M N O. 97 D E S I G N R E S U L T S - SHEAR
AT START SUPPORT - Vu= 68.16 KNS Vc= 81.19 KNS Vs= 9.70
KNS
Tu= 0.34 KN-MET Tc= 2.9 KN-MET Ts= 0.0 KN-MET
LOAD 4
NO STIRRUPS ARE REQUIRED FOR TORSION.
REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR SHEAR.
PROVIDE 10 MM 2-LEGGED STIRRUPS AT 178. MM C/C FOR 2158. MM
ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL STEEL REQD. FOR TORSIONAL
RESISTANCE = 0.00 SQ.CM.

AT END SUPPORT - Vu= 70.66 KNS Vc= 81.19 KNS Vs= 13.03 KNS
Tu= 0.34 KN-MET Tc= 2.9 KN-MET Ts= 0.0 KN-MET LOAD 4
NO STIRRUPS ARE REQUIRED FOR TORSION.
REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR SHEAR.
PROVIDE 10 MM 2-LEGGED STIRRUPS AT 178. MM C/C FOR 2158. MM
ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL STEEL REQD. FOR TORSIONAL
RESISTANCE = 0.00 SQ.CM.

2.6. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS

Since the Philippines is located in a high
seismic risk region, adopting the SMRF
(Special Moment Resisting Frame) is a
must.
Therefore, a special detailing for seismic
requirement shall is required. Unfortunately,
STAAD Pro at the moment does not have
the facility for seismic detailing.

2.6. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS

At this point the design output of STAAD

Pro is compliant to ACI Code 318-08 or the
NSCP 2010, EXCEPT FOR THE SEISMIC
DETAILING requirements.

2.6. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS

Flexural Members shall satisfy the following:
(ACI 318-08 Section 21.3.1 or NSCP 421.5.1)
1. Clear span shall not be less than four (4)
times the effective depth.
2. The width-to-depth ratio , b/d, shall not be
less 0.3.
3. The width shall not be less than 250mm
4. The width, bs, of the supporting member plus
distances on each side of the supporting
member not exceeding of the depth of the
flexural member.

Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.2 / NSCP 421.5.1)
1. Longitudinal reinforcement for both top
and bottom steel (A) should be in the
range defined as follows:
3 fc' bd
fy
200 bd
fy

A 0 025 bd

Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.2 / NSCP 421.5.1)
2. The positive moment strength at joint face
should be greater or equal the negative
moment strength at the face of the joint

MnL-

MnL+ 1/2 (MnL- )

MnR-

MnR+ 1/2 (MnR- )

Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.2 / NSCP 421.5.1)
3. Neither the negative nor the positive moment
strength in any section along the member
should be less than the maximum strength
provided at the face of either joint.
MnL- max

Many section 1/4 (MnL- max )

Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.2 / NSCP 421.5.1)
4. Lap splices of flexural reinforcement are
permitted only if hoop reinforcement is
provided over the lap length.
Maximum spacing of transverse
reinforcement enclosing the lapped bars
shall not exceed 100mm.

Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.2 / NSCP 421.5.1)
Lap splices shall not be used:
a. Within the joint.
b. With a distance of twice the member depth
from the face of the joint; and
c. At locations where analysis indicates flexural
yielding (ie. Location of plastic hinges)

Transverse reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.3 / NSCP 421.5.3)
For SMRF, plastic hinges will form at the
ends of flexural members. Those locations
should be specially detailed to ensure
sufficient ductility.
Yield may occur

1.

2h

2h

2h

2h

Transverse reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.3 / NSCP 421.5.3)
2.

Spacing of hoops should not exceed the

following:
a. d/4
b. 8 x diameter of the smallest
longitudinal bars.
c. 24 x diameter of hoop bars.
c. 300 mm
First hoop shall be located not more than
50mm from face of support.

Transverse reinforcement requirements

(ACI code Section 21.3.3 / NSCP 421.5.3)
3. Where hoops are not required, stirrups with
seismic hooks shall be spaced at a distance
not more than d/2 throughout the
length
of the member.

SPECIAL DETAILING ON TRANSVERSE REINF.

Hoop spacing is smallest of:
d/4 ; 8db ; 24 hoop db ;
300mm ; STAAD Pro output

hoops

hoops

hoops

Spacing of stirrups d/2

50mm max
2h

50mm max
2h

50mm max
2h

Sample of design output from STAAD Pro

56J

5000 X 300 X 400

4No20 H 342. | 0 TO 1484

14*10c/c 178

58J

4No20 H 342. | 3308 TO 5000

14*10c/c178

5No12 H 54. | 802 TO 3989

Physical representation
1484

1692

342
4-20mm

4-20mm
14 hoops @10mm@ 178 o.c.

400
5-12mm

14 hoops of 10mm@ 178 o.c.

54
1102

802

5000

Beam Detail With Seismic Provision

From STAAD
50mm max

800mm
S=80mm
4-20mm
2-12mm

50mm max
2900
S=178mm

2-20 mm

800mm
S=80mm
4-20mm

400
5-12mm

2-12mm

10mm hoops / stirrups

b
5000

Hoop spacing is smallest of : d/4 ; 8db ; 24 hoop db ;

300mm and STAAD Pro

Beam Detail With Seismic Provision

From STAAD
50mm max
2900
S=178mm

800mm
S=90mm
4-20mm
2-12mm
2-20mm

50mm max

2-20 mm

800mm
S=90mm
4-20mm

400
5-12mm
2-20mm

2-12mm
2-20mm

10mm hoops / stirrups

b
5000

Bottom bars of 5-12mm < 2-20mm

Hoop spacing is smallest of : d/4 ; 8db ; 24 hoop db ;

300mm and STAAD Pro

3. COLUMN DESIGN
Column design in STAAD per the ACI
code is performed for axial force, uniaxial
and biaxial moments.
The loading which produces the largest
amount of reinforcement is called the
critical load.

3. COLUMN DESIGN

Column design is done for square,

rectangular and circular sections.
For rectangular and circular sections,
reinforcement is always assumed to be
equally distributed on all faces. This
means that the total number of bars will
always be a multiple of four (4).

Column design inside the STAAD program

1. The Bresler Load Contour method is adopted
by STAAD Pro for columns under axial force,
uniaxial and biaxial moments.
2. The program will iterate a steel ratio from 1%
to a maximum of 8% for a given column
dimension.
3. When the adequate steel ratio is arrived at,
the iteration terminates and adopts the steel
ratio and then a steel area is computed.

Column design inside the STAAD program

4. Otherwise, if the section is inadequate,
the report prompts that the size needs to
be increased.
5. Seismic provision is absent in STAAD
Pro. Thus the output must be checked and
adjusted accordingly.

3.1. COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAM

Axial capacity (kN)

Nominal Pn, Mn curve

Factored Pu, Mu
(ACI Capacity)
SAFE ZONE
for(Pu, Mu) pair

Moment Capacity (kN-m)

3.2. STAAD DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS

UNIT KN METER
START CONCRETE
DESIGN
CODE ACI
FYMAIN 414
MAXMAIN 25 ALL
DESIGN COLUMN 23 25
END CONCRETE DESIGN

3.2. STAAD DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS

The following output is generated without any TRACK
definition, thus using the default of TRACK 0.0
==========================================================
COLUMN NO. 1 DESIGN PER ACI 318-05 - AXIAL + BENDING
FY - 415.0
FC - 25.0 MPA, RECT SIZE - 300 X 450 MMS, TIED
AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED = 882.8 SQ. MM
BAR CONFIGURATION
REINF PCT.
LOAD LOCATION PHI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 - 12 MM
1.097
4
END
0.650
(PROVIDE EQUAL NUMBER OF BARS ON EACH FACE)
TIE BAR NUMBER 12 SPACING 192.00 MM

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

1. Longitudinal Reinforcements
(NSCP 2010, 421.6.3.1)
The reinforcement ratio g shall not be less
than 0.01 and shall not exceed 0.06.

The STAAD allows up to a maximum of 8%.

Therefore, should the design be adequate
with a steel ratio more than 6%, the section
size shall be increased in order to satisfy a
steel ratio of less than or equal to 6%.

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

Flexural Strength (NSCP2010 421.6.1)
The flexural strength of the column should satisfy the
following:
Mnc (6/5) Mnb
Where:
Mnc - the sum of nominal flexural strengths of
columns framing into the joint, evaluated at
the faces of the joint.
Mnb - the sum of nominal flexural strengths of the
beams framing into the joint, evaluated at the
faces of the joint.

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

Mnctop

Mnbleft

Mnbright

Mncbot

(Mnctop + Mncbot) (6/5) (Mnbtop + Mnbbot)

sum of column moment capacity must be 20%
higher than the sum of the beam moment capacity

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

2. Limiting size of columns
(NSCP2010 421.6.1)
The shortest cross-sectional dimension,
measured on a straight line passing
through the geometric centroid, shall not
be less than 300mm. (Sec 421.6.1.1)

300mm

300mm

300mm

450mm

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

2. Limiting size of columns
(NSCP2010 421.6.1)
The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional
dimension to the perpendicular
dimension shall not be less than 0.4. (Sec
421.5.1.2)
hx > 0.4bx

bx

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

3. Transverse reinforcement spacing
(NSCP2010, 421.6.4.3)
1. of the minimum member dimension.
2. Six times the diameter of the longitudinal bar,
and
3. as defined by the given equation.
So = 100 + (350-hx)
3
where 100mm < So < 150mm
hx = spacing of additional cross ties or
overlapping hoops, which need not
exceed 350mm on centers.

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

3. Transverse reinforcement spacing
(NSCP2010, 421.6.4.3)
h

b/4
hx
b
hx

s
100+ (350- hx)
3
where
100mm < s <150mm

hx

hx

hx

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

3. Transverse reinforcement spacing
(NSCP2010, 421.6.4.3)
The transverse reinforcements shall be provided over
a length, lo, from each joint face . The length, lo,
shall not be less than the largest of:
1.
2.
3.

The depth of the member at the joint face or

where the flexural yielding is likely to occur.
One-sixth of the clear span of the member
450 mm.

3.4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN

3. Transverse reinforcement spacing
(NSCP2010, 421.6.4.3)
Where transverse reinforcements are not required
throughout the full length of the column, the hoops of
the remainder of the column length shall be spaced at
the smaller of :
a) 6 times the diameter of the longitudinal bars.
b) 150mm

COLUMNS WITH SEISMIC DETAILING

h

hx
b
Larger of b or h
1/6 lu
450mm

hx

S
hx

hx

hx

b/4
6 Ldb
150 mm.

Clear height, lu

Larger of b or h
1/6 lu
450mm

s
100+ (350- hx) where 100<S<150
3

Note: without seismic provisions,

the hoops spacing are:
a) 16Ldb
b) 48 hdb
c) minimum column
thickness

Not applicable to SMRF

OUTPUT FOR COLUMN DESIGN

coincides with NSCP2010
COLUMN NO. 333 DESIGN PER ACI 318-05 - AXIAL + BENDING
FY - 413.7 FC - 27.6 MPA, SQRE SIZE - 500.0 X 500.0 MMS, TIED
AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED = 9850.0 SQ. MM
BAR CONFIGURATION
REINF PCT. LOAD LOCATION PHI
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 - 40 MM
4.021
9
STA
0.70
(PROVIDE EQUAL NUMBER OF BARS ON EACH FACE)
TIE BAR NUMBER 12 SPACING 320.00 MM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

reinf. pct is with 1% to 6%, ok.

not adequate for seismic requirements:

S= (500)=125mm
S=6(40)=240mm
S=4+(14-8.5)/3=5.8=145mm
Adopt S=125mm at lo=450mm from joint
Adopt S=150mm at remainder.

COLUMN DETAIL WITH SEISMIC PROVISION

BEAM / GIRDER

650

125

450

150

3500

SECTION
424

500

8-40mm

12mm hoops
2850
500
125
450

BEAM / GIRDER

424

SAMPLE EXERCISE
50mm max

Mnctop

800mm
S=80mm

300

Mnpos
4-20mm
400
2-20mm

Mnneg
STAAD Hoops without
seismic detailing:
16Lb = 16 (20) = 120
48Tb = 48 (10) = 480
Dcol = 300

Beam moment capacities:

Mnneg = 116 kN-m
Mnpos = 58 kN-m

Mncbot

(6/5) x (Mn++Mn-)= 208.8 kN-m

300

Column moment capacities:

Mnctop=Mncbot = 63 kN-m

300
8-20mm

Mnctop + Mncbot = 126 kN-m

Column is inadequate for strong column - weak beam requirements.

Therefore, increase capacity of column

INCREASE COLUMN FLEXURE CAPACITY

COLUMN STRENGTH REQUIREMENT
(6/5) x (Mn++Mn-)= 208.8 kN-m
300MM X 300MM WITH 8-20MM BARS :
Mnctop +Mncbot = 126 kN-m, not ok

300MM X 300MM WITH 12-20MM BARS :

Mnctop +Mncbot = 162 kN-m, not ok

375MM X 375MM WITH 12-20MM BARS :

Mnctop +Mncbot = 219 kN-m >208.8 , thus ok

COLUMN DETAIL

Larger of
b or h
1/6 lu
450mm

Clear height, lu

Larger of
b or h
1/6 lu
450mm

sr

smax =

sr

6 Ldb
150 mm.

COLUMN DETAIL

Larger of
b or h
1/6 lu
450mm

Clear height,
lu = 2850mm

Larger of
b or h
1/6 lu
450mm

sr

smax =

sr

STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints

at length lo = greater of
a) b or h = 375mm
b) 450mm
c) 1/6 of lu =1/6 (2850)=475mm
so that, lo = 475mm
6 Ldb
150 mm.

COLUMN DETAIL

sr

lo = 475mm

lu = 2850mm

smax =

sr

lo = 475mm

STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints

at length lo = greater of
a) b or h = 375mm
b) 450mm
c) 1/6 of lu =1/6 (2850)=475mm
so that, lo = 450mm
6 Ldb
150 mm.

COLUMN DETAIL

sr

lo = 475mm

STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints

lu = 2850mm

sr

lo = 475mm

1) s= b/4 = 375/4 = 94mm

2) s = 100+(350-104)/3 = 182,
100<s<150
3) s= 150mm
sr= 94mm

COLUMN DETAIL

lo = 475mm

sr =94mm

STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints

lu = 2850mm

lo = 475mm

1) s= b/4 = 375/4 = 94mm

2) s = 100+(350-104)/3 = 182 ,
100<s<150
3) s= 150mm
sr= 94mm
sr= 94mm

smax =

6 Ldb
150 mm.

COLUMN DETAIL

lo = 475mm

lu = 2850mm

lo = 475mm

sr =94mm

smax =

6 Ldb
150 mm.

sr= 94mm

MAX STIRRUPS SPACING

a) 6 Ldb = 6(20) = 120 mm
b) 150mm
smax = 120mm

COLUMN DETAIL

lo = 475mm

sr =94mm

lu = 2850mm
smax = 120mm

lo = 475mm

sr= 94mm

MAX STIRRUPS SPACING

a) 6 Ldb = 6(20) = 120 mm
b) 150mm
smax = 120mm

REQUIRED STIRRUP SIZE

Where:
S spacing of stirrups
hc column core dimension measured from
center-to-center of confinng stirrups
Ag gross area of section
Ach area of column core
fc` - compressive strength of concrete
fyt yield strength of stirrups
Ash total area of number of legs in one
direction

REQUIRED STIRRUP SIZE

s = 94mm

fc` = 21 Mpa

hc = 375 2 (32)
Ag = (375)(375)
Ach = (311)(311)

=
=
=

fyt = 275 Mpa

311mm
140,625 sq.mm.
96,721 sq.mm.

Using 10mm stirrups with 4 legs in one direction:

At = 4(78.54) = 314.16 sq.mm.
Ok since greater than 304.004 sq.mm

REQUIRED STIRRUP SIZE

s = 120mm

fc` = 21 Mpa

hc = 375 2 (32)
Ag = (375)(375)
Ach = (311)(311)

=
=
=

fyt = 275 Mpa

311mm
140,625 sq.mm.
96,721 sq.mm.

Ash1 = 388.09 sq.mm.

Ash2 = 256.5 sq.mm.

Using 12mm stirrups with 4 legs in one direction:

At = 4(113) = 452 sq.mm.
Ok since greater than 388.09 sq.mm
Use 3 sets of 12mm hoops for whole length of column
for practical installation

JOINT DETAIL
50mm max
800mm
S=80mm

Lo = 450

rest @ 178mm
300
4-20mm
400
2-20mm

Lo = 450

sr= 94mm of 12mm hoops

smax= 120mm of 12mm hoops

12-20mm

375

3 sets of 10mm and 12mm hoops

375

DESIGN GUIDELINES
1. Check design seismic design requirements.

DESIGN GUIDELINES

2. STAAD Pro output does not, as of yet, have

provisions for seismic detailing requirement.
Therefore, the output should not be used as
the final detail without modification when
designing for SMRF.

DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. The seismic detailing should start first on
the beam: supports and midspan
requirements must be satisfied before
going to the columns.

DESIGN GUIDELINES
4. Satisfy strong column weak beam
requirement.

DESIGN GUIDELINES
5. Finally, once the seismic requirements are
satisfied, then and only then the detailed
drawings are carried out.

LETS GO TO
STAAD PRO