Skin Cancer

In each type of living cells contains the unique characteristic of

genetic, which it can directs to the cell division and division processes. The
cancer cells arise from the damage of gene, the abnormal of gene can
cause the cell to lose it function and grow without control. Moreover, the
cancer cells will gradually invade and damage other healthy cells, the
normal cells are no longer function and apoptosis. Some of abnormalities in
genetic are inherited from parental to filial generations, but the
environmental conditions also plays role. The factors that damage the gene
is called carcinogen.
Firstly, skin is one of the largest part of body that cover our internal
organs. There are many functions of skin which are heat, sunlight, injury,
and infection protection. Epidermis and dermis are the two main structures
of human skin. Epidermis is upper layer of skin which skin cancer can
happen. Epidermis is also made up by three stratums of cells, which are
squamous cells, basal cells, and melanocytes. The layer of squamous cells
is the most upper layer of epidermis which contain flat and thin cells. The
basal cells layer contain round cells under the layer of squamous cells. The

melanocytes layer is the most important stratum of skin because there it

produce melanin which is pigment that make natural skin color.
There are two types of skin cancer which are nonmelanoma skin cancer
and melanoma skin cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancer happen in
squamous cell which is less dangerous. It rarely spread to other body cells,
thus it does not destroy body organs very much. The most common kinds
of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
which are two types of nonmelanoma. This type cancer can be treated by
many medical ways. Another type of skin cancer is melanoma which can
destroy other tissues severely. In the beginning, when the melanoma skin
cancer start to happen, it is called cutaneous melanoma. It can happen in
anywhere of human body. In male, melanoma skin cancer can happen
easily in area around shoulder and hip, but in female, it can happen arms
and legs. Therefore, skin
cancer is one of the most
important disease that
people should aware how
to protect themselves from
conditions that can cause

skin cancer.
There are many factors that cause the abnormal of genetic in cancer
cell. The UV and intake chemical substance, which they can damage the
DNA in the healthy cell. After the DNA get damaged, normally it has to stop
cell division process in order to not passing the irregular genetic code.
During the genetic repair process, it regulated by P53 gene which is one
type of the tumor suppressor genes. If the P53 gene works correctly to stop
the cell division, the risk of cancer cell will decrease. But for the skin cancer
cell, P53 cannot works properly, which the abnormal genetic cell will keep
division. After this kind of gene increase, the human body will have 2
possible to get rid of them. The first one is apotosis , it is the process that
the cell is killing itself, which start with the cell chromatin condensation, and
membrane blebbing. After that the cell is condense as a small pieces, and
finally all the organel will get lysis. This process is not dangerous to other
cell because it can destroy all of the abnormal genetic. The second type is
necrosis, is known as die without a pattern, so it can not predict that what is
the substance that left over. Usually this process will left some contents,
which they can lead to an oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to a
free radical and finally it can destroy other healthy cell. Moreover, family

history also plays role to increase rate of skin cancer. If you family has
melanoma, each person in first-degree relative diagnosed with melanoma
has almost 50 percent chance to developing of skin cancer cell.
Thirdly, there are 5 different stages of skin cancer which are stage 0,
stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV. Stage 0 is the first stage of skin
cancer. The cancer cell is occurred only in squamous cell or basal cell of
epidermis layer or the top layer of human skin and it has not spread to
other part of body yet. If the cancer cells are found in this stage, surgery
can help to eliminate them. The skin cancer stage 0 also known as
carcinoma in situ. The skin cancer stage I is second stage of skin cancer,
but it is not too dangerous to human body because the cancer cell has not
spread to lymph node and other part of human body. The cancer cell begin
to grow into deeper part not longer than 2 cm of skin layer. Another stage of
skin cancer is stage II. The cancer cell begin to be more dangerous, but it
still grow into the deeper part of skin layer and not impact to lymph node.
Skin cancer stage III, the cancer cell begin spread out to lymph node. It can
spread to jaw, eye socket, or side of the skull, but not much impact to other
organs of human body. In stage III, the cancer cell is not larger than 3 cm.
The last stage of skin cancer is stage IV. The cancer cell spread beyond

the skin layer and it affect to lymph node. The cancer cell grows rapidly and
spread to impact some important organs such as liver, lungs or brain. Size
of cancer cell is larger than 3 cm, but not larger than 6 cm. Thus, there are
many stages of skin cancer that can occurred in human body. Early stage
of skin can be treated by surgery, but when the cancer cell begin to spread
to other organs of human body, it will be harder to be treated.

In conclusion, skin is one of

the most important part of human
body because it covers most
parts of body. It protect internal
organs from external conditions.
There are many factors that can
cause skin cancer which are
heat, sunlight, injury, and infection
protection. Skin cancer is separated into 5 main stage and there are many
ways of treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy,
photodynamic therapy, and biologic therapy.