ME302: Materials Mechanics

Fall 2015
Lecture 12
Chap. 5 Torsion (3)
Jaeyun Moon, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Axial Load (Chap. 4) vs. Torsion (Chap. 5)

Types of loading are different
Types of stress/strain are different
Axial Load (Chap. 4)

Axial load P

Torsion (Chap. 5)

- Stretching/compressing

Normal Stress
& Axial load P

Elastic deformation
(change in length)

Stress Concentration K

Torque T

- Twisting

Shear Stress
& Torque T

Angle of Twist
(change in angle)

Stress Concentration K

=?

Statically Indeterminate Torque-Loaded Members (5.5)

= 0; = 0

Free body diagram

* Moment equation of equilibrium is not sufficient to

determine the unknown torques : Statically Indeterminate

: 1 equation, 2 unknown

Compatibility or kinematic condition

/ = 0

: the angle of twist of one end = 0

= 0

Example 5.8

The solid steel shaft shown in Fig. 5-23a has a diameter of 20mm. If it is subjected to
the two torques, determine the reactions at the fixed supports A and B.

Example 5.9

The shaft shown in Fig. 5-24a is made from a steel tube, which is bonded to a brass core. If a
torque of T=250 lb-ft is applied at its end, plot the shear-stress distribution along a radial line of
its cross-sectional area. Take Gst=11.4 x 103 ksi, Gbr=5.20 x103 ksi.

Noncircular Shafts (5.6)

Circular shafts : axisymmetric
o Shear strains vary linearly from 0 (center) to a maximum (outer surface)

Noncircular shafts : not axisymmetric

o Solid noncircular shafts tend to warp out of plane when

it is subjected to a torque.

The maximum The angle

shear stress
of twist

Example 5.10

equilateral triangle

L=4 ft
A=1.4 in
Gal = 3.7 x106 lb/in2

The maximum shear stress

- At the closest edge points to the center
axis

= 8 ksi
allow = 0.02 rad

20
= 3

46
4

Example 5.10

The 6061-T6 aluminum shaft shown in Fig. 5-27 has a cross-sectional area in
the shape of an equilateral triangle. Determine the largest torque T that can be
applied to the end of the shaft if the allowable shear stress is = 8
and the angle of twist at its end is restricted to = 0.02. How much
torque can be applied to a shaft of circular cross section made from the same
amount of material?

Thin-Walled Tubes (5.7)

The effects of a torque to a thin-walled tube

Thin-walled tubes
Having a closed cross-section (no breaks or slits)
Constant but arbitrary cross-sectional shape
Variable thickness t
The stress is uniformly distributed across the
thickness of the tube, since the walls are thin
enough.