Chp 6 cu trong cc cu sau

Bi 1
Cho lung bit b(t) c tc Rb = 1Mb/s c pht i bng cch dng
iu ch QPSK. Cc bit ch s l v chn tng ng l b1(t) v b2(t). Hy
xc nh.
1. Tc k hiu RS l bao nhiu ?
2. rng bng thng ca knh truyn BC l bao nhiu? nu ch
pht i bp chnh ca ph tn hiu iu ch QPSK.
3. Xc xut li k hiu bng bao nhiu? nu cng sut ca sng
mang l 4mW v N 0 109 W/Hz

Bi lm
a) Vi iu ch QPSK, th lung bit b(t) u vo c phn thnh hai lung b 1(t) tng
ng vi cc bit ch s l ca b(t) v lung b 2(t) tng ng vi cc bit ch s chn ca
b(t). V vy lu ca k hiu TS = 2Tb (tc k hiu bng mt na tc bit u
vo b(t)). Kt qu tc k hiu R S

1
1
1
1

R b 106 500 K symbol/s.

TS 2 Tb 2
2

b) Ph tn hiu QPSK c rng bng bp chnh l 2 TS 2 R S 2 500 1MHz . Trong

TS l lu ca k hiu v RS l tc k hiu, khi ny tn hiu QPSK chim
rng bng thng ca knh truyn l 1MHz (phi cp pht rng bng tn l B C =
1MHz)
c) Vi iu ch QPSK, xc sut li k hiu c cho bi.

2
ES
E S

N 0
N 0

2E b
2E b
Q 2

N0
N 0

Pe 2Q

2Q

Do

Q2

2 Eb
N0

nn Pe 2 Q

2Eb
N0

2E b
2 Q

N0

S
PT
thay gi tr cc thng s
N 0

10 s
14 4102 4W3 1500
44 2 4 43

Pe 2 Q

P TS
2Q
N0

2Q

3 1

TS
1 4 4P 4 44 2 4 4 4
4 43
ES PTS

9
10
W
/
Hz

1 4 2 43
N0

8 2 2.37 10

4.74 10 3

Bi 2
Cho rng bng thng ca knh truyn BC = 4000 Hz. Hi tc
d liu u vo ca cc s iu ch
a) QPSK
b) 16-DPSK
c) 32-FSK khng nht qun (k hiu 8-NFSK)
d) 8-FSK nht qun (k hiu 8-CFSK)
e) 64-QAM.
f) 32-PSK

Bi lm
Quan h gia tc v rng bng thng i vi cc s iu ch c cho bi:
1
R BC log 2 M . V vy, chim dng ht rng bng thng ca knh B C = 4000Hz
2

th tc bt u vo cc b iu ch l:
1
1
R QPSK BC log 2 M 4000 log 2 4 4 Kb / s
2
2
R 64QAM

1
1
BC log 2 M 4000 log 2 64 12 Kb / s
2
2

R 32 PSK

1
1
BC log 2 M 4000 log 2 32 10 Kb / s
2
2

R16-DPSK =

M=

Vi iu ch M-FSK nht qun th BC

16 = 8 Kb/s

M3
Rb
2 log 2 M

Vi tn hiu khng nht qun th: BC

2 M
Rb
log 2 M

R8-FSK (nht qun) =

R32-FSK(khng nht qun) =

Bi 3
Tm rng bng tn truyn dn cn thit t c tc bit
l 100 Kbit/s i vi cc s iu ch sau:
a) 64 QAM;
b) 16-PSK;
c) BPSK;
d) 8-FSK nht qun;
e) 8-FSK khng nht qun;
f) 16-FSK nht qun;
f) 16-FSK khng nht qun;
h) 256-QAM;
Bi lm

Hiu qu s dng rng bng tn i vi cc s iu ch 64-QAM, 16-PSK,

BPSK, 256QAM l:

1
log 2 M .
2

Vi M-FSK nht qun th hiu qu s dng rng bng tn l :

Vi M-FSK khng nht qun hiu qu s dng bng tn l

V vy, rng bng tn truyn dn cn thit t c tc bit 100 Kbit/s i

vi cc s iu ch ny l:
Loi iu ch

rng bng tn,

KHz; BC=Rb/

Hiu qu s dng bng tn

M = 64 QAM

33,3

1
log 2 M =3
2

M = 16-PSK

50

1
log 2 M =2
2

BPSK

200

1
log 2 M =1
2

M = 256-QAM

25

1
log 2 M =4
2

8-FSK nht qun

183.3

8-FSK khng nht qun

533.3

16-FSK nht qun

237

16-FSK khng nht qun

800

=
=

=
=

Bi 4
So snh M-PSK vi M=2,4,8,16,32 v 64 trn c s E b/N0 c yu cu
i vi xc sut li bit l 10-5; 10-6 v 10-7.
Bi lm

Xc sut li bit i vi BPSK v cc thnh phn vung pha nhau ca QPSK c cho
bi.

Pb Q

2E b

N0

Xc sut li k hiu i vi M-PSK c ly gii hn trn bi

PS 2Q

2ES

sin
N0
M

Trong gii hn l cht ch khi M>4 v cc t s tn hiu trn tp m tng i

ln. T cc cng thc phn hiu nng xc sut li v ES log 2 M E b . Ta c th lin h
bit vi xc sut li k hiu v bit v nng lng k hiu. Gii hn xc sut li bit i vi
M =8 n M=64 tr thnh.
Pb

2
Q
log 2 M

E b

sin

M
N 0

2 log 2 M

Cc phng trnh ny c th c thc hin bng Matlab. Chng hn dng ham

fzero, hay c tnh ton thng qua php xp x.
Q(u)

2
exp u

u? 1

So snh cc xc sut li bit i vi cc s iu ch khc nhau.

S iu ch

Eb/N0 (dB) c yu cu xc sut li bit Pb =

Pb = 10-5

Pb = 10-6

Pb = 10-7

BPSK; QPSK

9,6

10,5

11.3

8-PSK

13

14

14,8

16-PSK

17,4

18,4

19,3

32-PSK

22,3

23,4

24,2

64-PSK

27,5

28,5

29,4

Bi 5

Cho rng bng thng knh truyn B C = 4 KHz; tc d liu R b

= 8 Kbit/s. Nu N0 = 10-9 W/Hz. Hy thit k h thng iu ch sao cho
cung cp tc d liu ny ti BER l Pb = 10-6.
Bi lm

T u bi ta c hiu qu s dng bng tn l 8/4 = 2bit/s/Hz. i vi M-PSK, ta c

1
log 2 M 2 M=16. S dng kt qu bi tp trn ta c
2

i vi 16-PSK:

t c xc sut li bit Pb = 10-6 th Eb/N0 = 18,4 dB.

i vi 16-QAM:

t c Pb = 10-6 cn c Eb/N0 = 15 dB.

tnh cng sut sng mang trung bnh, cn phi tnh nng lng k hiu trung
bnh.
E b

N 0 Y u cu

ES N 0 log 2 M

E
ES (dB jules) 10 log10 N 0 10 log10 log 2 M 10 log10 b

N
0

Y u cu

Hoc, i vi 16-QAM, th
ES (dB jules) 10 log10 10 9 10 log10 4 15
90 6 15
69 dB J

Quan h gia cng sut trung bnh v nng lng trung bnh ca sng mang
PC

ES
ES R S
TS

Tc k hiu RS =1/TS c cho bi

RS

Rb
8000

2000 k hiu/giy
log 2 M
4

V vy cng sut sng mang trung bnh l.

PC (dBW) 10 log10 ES R S
69 10 log10(2000)
36

PC (W) 2,51104

dBW
dBW
dBW
W

Bi 8
a) D liu pht tc Rb = 5Kb/s. i vi cc s iu ch c xt
bi tp 6. Xc nh rng bng thng ca knh tng ng vi cc s
iu ch.
b) Nu N0 = 10-8 W/Hz, tm cng sut sng mang thu xc sut li P b
= 10-6.
Bi lm

a)

Ta c c cc cng thc sau y xc nh rng bng theo M v tc

d liu.
i vi M-PSK v M-QAM:

BC

2
Rb
log 2 M

i vi M-FSK nht qun:

BC

M3
Rb
2 log 2 M

i vi M-FSK khng nht qun:

BC

2 M
Rb
log 2 M

S dng cc phng trnh ny, ta c cc rng bng tn knh c cho bng sau.
Cc s iu ch

b)

rng bng thng, KHz

BPSK

10

4-PSK

8-PSK

3,3

16-PSK

2,5

16-QAM

2,5

BFSK nht qun

12,5

4-FSK nht qun

8,75

8-FSK nht qun

9,17

BFSK khng nht qun

20,0

4-FSK khng nht qun

20,0

8-FSK khng nht qun

26,7

S dng phng trnh c khai trin phn b ca bi 33, ta tm c cc

kt qu c cho bng sau.
Pc,dBW Z0,dB 80 R b,dBHz
=Z0,dB 43

Cc s iu ch

Pc,dBW

Pc,mW

BPSK

-32,4

0,575

4-PSK

-32,4

0,575

8-PSK

-29,4

1,148

16-PSK

-24,5

3,550

16-QAM

-28,5

1,410

BFSK nht qun

-29,4

1,148

4-FSK nht qun

-32,2

0,603

8-FSK nht qun

-34,0

0,398

BFSK khng nht qun

-28,8

1,318

4-FSK khng nht qun

-31,8

0,661

8-FSK khng nht qun

-33,0

0,501

Bi 9

Mt bn tin 3 bit c truyn trn h thng BPSK v t s tn hiu trn tp

m thu c l 6 dB.
a) Tnh xc sut 2 bit mc li.
b) Bn tin ny c m ha sao cho u ra ca b m ha l 5 bit. Hy
tnh xc sut 2 bit mc li vi gi thit cng sut pht trong hai trng hp a) v b) l nh nhau.
Bi lm

a) Xc sut 2 bit mc li trong trng hp khng dng m ha knh:

Tra bng hm Q(x) trong ph lc ta c Pb=60.410-4.

i vi ba bit mc 2 li ta c s t hp li hai bit li trong 3 bit nh sau:
3
3!
3.

2!(3 2)!
2

Xc sut li 2 bit nh sau:

Pe=

=3

trong Pb, Pb2 v (1-Pb)3-2 l xc sut li mt bit, xc sut li 2 bit v xc sut mt bit
khng mc li.

b) Xc sut 2 bit mc li trong trng hp dng m ha knh:

Tc bit sau m ha tng v bng: R bc=Rb/r=(n/k)Rb, trong Rb l tc bit
khng m ha v r=3/5 l t l m. Nng lng bit cho trng hp m ho bng:
P
k P
E bc

rE b
R bc n R b
1 4 4 44 2 4 4 4 43

2E bc
2rE b
E k

2 b 10 3 / 5 2, 45
N0
N0
N 0 n

Tra bng trong ph lc ta c xc sut li bit khi m ha bng: Pbc =7,14.10-3

Bi 10
Cho s b m ha xon nh sau

a) Hy vit cc a thc to m.
b) Hy v biu trng thi.
c) Hy v biu li.
d) Tm chui m u ra theo phng php biu li khi bn tin
u vo: m = [101011]

Bi lm
a) a thc to m:
g1(x) = 1+x+x2
g2(x) = 1 +x2
b) Biu trng thi:

c) Biu li:

d) Tm chui m u ra theo phng php biu li khi bn tin

u vo: m = [101011]

Chui bt ra l: 11 10 00 10 00 01 01 11
Bi 11
Cho tn hiu s(t) nh sau

s(t)=Acos(2f1t+ )
Hy
a) Tm v v hm t tng quan ACF ca tn hiu s(t).
b) Tm v v mt ph cng sut PSD ca tn hiu s(t).
c) Tnh cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu s(t).
Bi lm

V y l hm tun hon c gi tr thc nn

1
T T

R S () lim

s(t)s(t )dt

1
s(t)s(t )dt
T 0

2 T

b)

Ta c th biu din
j2f1
j2f1
1
cos(2f1) e
e
2

V th

A
0 cos(2f1t+)cos[2f1 (t+)+] dt 2 cos(2f1)

2
A2

A
(f ) F
cos(2f)
(f f1 ) (f f1 )
4
2

c)

Cng sut trung bnh tnh nh sau:

A
P() R s ( 0) (f )df
2