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(information)
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24
,
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(ROI)
. ,

3
1.
, .

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.
, Turbine
Generator, Compressor, Reactor Cooling
Pump (Critical Machinery) 70%
.
, Motor,
Fan, Pump (General Machinery)
.
24
(Essential Machinery)
30% .

. (critical machinery)

(essential machinery)

 (general machinery)

.
Sleeve Bearing

Rolling Element Bearing

( , , )
(Fluid Film Bearing)
Journal Bearing, Metal Bearing, Tilting
Pad Bearing, Fluid Film Bearing .

(Damping)

.

24
Monitoring System .
On-Line Continuous ,


(Bently Nevada DM2000 System ).

Rolling
Element Bearing .

.
Portable Equipment
, ,
,
. Portable
On-Line Continuous
On-Line Continuous 90
.

2.


. (rotor)

(unbalance)
.

[ 3-1]


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, ,


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4
1.
.
,

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(, , ) ,
.

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2.
.
(Direct
Signal, Raw Signal Unfiltered Signal )
(1X, 2X Filtered Signal ) .
Alarm1, Alarm
2 . , ,

.
,
.
.

[ 4-1]
[ 4-1] , peak-to-peak (P-P), zero-to-peak (0-P)
root mean square (RMS) . Peak-to-peak peak
peak . mils
ms pp .

11

Zero-to-peak peak zero

. peak-to-peak . in/s mm/s
gs m/s2 .

Root mean square (RMS-) .

transducer monitor
.
. sine zero-to-peak 2
.
monitor
.

.
.
. .
OEM ( ) .
Bently Nevada Machinery
Management Services (MMS)
.

. ,
Matrix English , 3
.

12

m pp (micro meter peak-to-peak) mils pp

mm/sec 0-p in/sec 0-p ( RMS)

mm/sec2 0-p in/sec2, g ...

[ 4-2] , ,
(Displacement Transducer, Non-contact Transducer
Bently Nevada
Proximity Transducer , Gap Sensor
) mils m .
Peak
Peak Peak to Peak
.
, (
) .

13

Direct Signal Amplitude :

25 um pp

1X Filtered Signal Amplitude :

20 um pp 150

(Eddy Current)
(Sensitivity Scale Factor) .
3 , Probe, Extension
Cable Proximitor
.
Part
Number .
0 ~ 10KHz Probe
Tip . 11mm Proximity
Probe 10 mils ~ 90 mils (254 um ~ 2,286 um) .

6 X, Y 90 .
, ,
. 90
Orbit, Full Spectrum, Shaft Centerline Plot
( Q&A ).

Tip
.
(Bently Nevada

14

3300/16 Vibration Monitor ). Thrust

Type Transducer .

(Velocity Transducer/ Pickup Seismic Transducer

) in/sec mm/sec
,
Zero to Peak 0 pk, pk .
, Spec.
rms (root mean square) .

pk . .

Direct Signal Amplitude :

25 mm/sec pk

1X Filtered Signal Amplitude :

20 mm/sec pk 150

.


.

Calibration
3 Spare Part
.
.
.

15


10 Hz ~ 1K Hz
.

(Accelerometer Seismic Transducer )

m/sec2 g
Zero to Peak 0 pk, pk rms .
.

Direct Signal Amplitude :

25 m/sec2 pk

1X Filtered Signal Amplitude :

20 m/sec2 pk 150

,
.
, Torque, Noise
.


.
. 10 Hz ~ 1KHz /3KHz /10KHz /
15KHz / 25KHz .

Note :

16

Magnetic Base
Casing Housing Looseness
.
Structural Stiffness Measurement
. ,
500 Hz
.

,

.
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.
,
, .

17



.
Alignment
, ,
Malfunction . (
100 ~ 500 Rpm) ,
Runout
.

,
. Bently Nevada

.

. Subsynchronous

.

.

3. (frequency)

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 subharmonics superharmonics .

CPM (cycle/min.)
Hz
1X, 2X, ... , nX
% of RPM

[ 4-3]

. (properties)
,
.
.

19

 , sine .
.
. (
,cycle/min) .

. cycles-per-minute (CPM) hertz (Hz)
1 rpm (1X), 2 rpm (2X), 43% rpm (0.43X)
.

.
. ,

.

data .

oscilloscope Keyphasor .
tunable filters, swept frequency display
digital spectrum display .

( ) Direct Signal, Raw Signal,
Unfiltered Signal .
.
,
. Runout Scratch,

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 Mechanical Runout Electrical

Runout .

,

.
Fourier Transform .
(Spectrum Analyzer)
.

,
. ,

, .

.
(Unbalance )

.

.

21


(Synchronous Vibration Frequency)
. (Unbalance)
.

1 1 ,
.

. 3,600 Rpm
.

3,600 rpm

3,600 cpm = 60 cps = 60 Hz

3,600 rpm 60
Hz 1X
. 120 Hz 2X
. 2X
x, y
(System Stiffness) . 1X
2X

1X .
80% 1X 10% 2X ,
.
,
(Alignment) 2X

22

 .
, (Trend)
.

: Synchronous & Asynchronous Sampling

.
,
.


.

? ?
?
.

. Bently Nevada


.

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Keyphasor .
,

.
Keyphasor
.
Direct Signal
Bently Nevada
.

Keyphasor Order Tracking

Synchronous Sampling , System Configuration
Sampling Rate System Resolution
Asynchronous Sampling .
1X, 2X, 0.5X Trend, Orbit Plot Synchronous Sampling
, Spectrum Cascade, Waterfall
Plot Asynchronous Sampling
. Spectrum
,

.

: Full Spectrum Data

24


.

.
,
. Bently
Nevada (Bently Rotor Dynamics Research Corporation)
90 ,

93 Off-line On-line
Management System .
(Fluid-induced Instability)
,
Orbit Full Spectrum
Positive, Negative Spectrum
.

25

4. (phase angle)

.

.


.

( )
. lagging leading
. in
phase out of phase .

PHASE ANGLE ( )
. Keyphasor (shaft reference)
. Keyphasor
(synchronous)
. Keyphasor pulse peak
. balance
.
.

Keyphasor

26

(heavy spot) (high spot)

[ 4-4] Vibration signal phase

27

[ 4-5] Explanation of Reference Signal

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5. (vibration form)



.

(form) .
display . oscilloscope
.
. 2 , Time Base presentation Orbital presentation
.

TIME BASE presentation oscilloscope

transducer . oscilloscope [ 4-6]
sine . oscilloscope
(time Vs amplitude) .

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2) ORBIT presentation [ 4-7] 90

transducer oscilloscope X-Y .
orbit
( probe ).

[ 4-6] Time base

[ 4-7] Orbit Shape

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 . ,
(blank/bright oscilloscope Z
Keyphasor ).

. (preventive maintenance)
(predictive maintenance) .
REBAM (frequency) form
.
.

. rotor, bearing, bearing housing
machine housing . Proximity
transducer, Velocity/Velomitor transducer Acceleration transducer

. transducer , ,
fluid film bearing roller element bearing
.

(timebase)

ORBIT

radial bearing .
proximity system (dc)

31

. , bearing , preloads , bearing

.

Note :
casing .
piping , ,
.
casing . casing
.

, bearings, bearing housings

casings .
transducer
.
.

(relative) (absolute) .
4 .

1. Bearing ( , Shaft Relative Vibration).

[ 4-8] .

2. Bearing housing bearing .

3. casing (Casing , Casing

Absoluten). [ 4-8] .

32

4. ( , Shaft
Absolute Vibration). [ 4-9] .

[ 4-8] Relative and Casing

Absolute Measurement
[ 4-9] Shaft Absolute Measurement base
.

housing . , , cavitation,
,
. Housing bearing , casing
, .
transducer

33

. Bearing
bearing
bearing . Process compressor
bearing, bearing housing case
. bearing case (bearing )
probe .

steam turbine generators bearing, bearing

housing machine case .
case probe bearing
.

Fluid film bearing bearing

.
Fluid film bearing
. bearing .
Proximity transducer bearing
. Bearing proximity transducer , probe tip
bearing .
bearing Proximitor bearing
.

proximity transducer transducer

. probe

34

 . proximity probe 90
XY
.

. Rolling element bearing bearing
bearing .

35

. Housing bearing
(REBAM -[ 4-10])
rolling element bearing .
bearing rolling elements ring ( race
) cage . Bearing
ring
. outer race .
(sensitivity) Bently Nevada MicroProx
. microinches
peak-to-peak ( inch pp) micrometers (m pp) .

[ 4-10] Roller Element Bearing & Housing Assembly

Bearing housing proximity probe probe tip bearing
housing [ 4-10 ]. Bearing ring

36

 bearing housing bearing outer race

.

MicroProx

transducer

. roller element bearing

. Electronic filter

. Bently Nevada REBAM
(Roller Element Bearing Activity Monitor)
.

. case
housing (casing)
. casing
casing .
bearing (stiffness) case
. rolling element bearing
fluid film bearing .

Velocity transducer, Velomitors accelerometer case

. transducer
. transducer
, .

37

Fluid film bearing casing

casing .
bearing bearing
casing .

casing .
dual probe . dual probe casing
proximity probe probe
casing seismic transducer
. Casing monitor
.
30% casing
dual probe transducer .

,
.
.
, , .

6. (process variables)
Performance variables
, ,

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39