| 1

(Analytic geometry and conic section)

K-Concept :
1.
2.

3.

X Y

4.

5. K-Know

.. .. ()

| 2

1. (Rectangular coordinate system)

X (X axis)
Y (Y axis) X Y (0, 0)

2 : Q2
1 : Q1
(-, +)
(+, +)

3 : Q3
(-, -)

4 : Q4
(+, -)

K-Word
: Quadrant
: Coordinate

2. (Point)

P2(x2, y2)
y2 y1
P1(x1, y1)
EX
Sol

x2 x1

P1(5, -1) P2(1, 2)

|P1P2| = (5-1) 2 +(-1-2) 2 = 16+9 = 5

P2(x2, y2)
m
n
P1(x1, y1)
EX
Sol

|P1P2| = (x 1 - x 2 ) 2 +(y 1 - y 2 ) 2
= (x 2 - x 1 ) 2 +(y 2 - y 1 ) 2
K-Remark
P1P2 X
|P1P2| = | x1 x2 |
P1P2 Y
|P1P2| = | y1 y2 |

P(x, y)

K-Trick

P(x, y)=( mx 1 + nx 2 , my 1 + ny 2 )
m+n
m+n
m = n
P(x, y) = ( x 1 + x 2 , y 1 + y 2 )
2
2

P1(5, -1) P2(1, 3)

= ( 5 +1 , -1 + 3 ) = (3, 1)
2
2
.. .. ()

| 3

3. (Line)
(Slope)
P2(x2, y2)
y2 y1

P1(x1, y1)

EX
Sol

x2 x1

m L
y -y y -y
m = 1 2 = 2 1
x1 - x 2 x 2 - x1
X
m = tan

(m) P1(5, -1) P2(1, 3)

m = -1 - 3 = -4 = - 1
5 -1 4

y = mx + c = m

Ax+By+C=0 = -A
B
EX
Sol

1. 2 : (x1, y1) (x2, y2)

y y1 = y 1 - y 2 (x x1)
x1 - x 2
2. : m, (x1, y1)
y y1 = m(x x1)

P1(5, -1) P2(1, 3)

m = y 1 - y 2 = -1 - 3 = -4 = - 1
x 1 - x 2 5 -1 4

y+x4=0
P1(5, -1) y 3 = (-1)(x 1)
P2(1, 3) y (-1) = (-1)(x 5) y + x 4 = 0
.. .. ()

| 4

3. ()

L1 // L2 mL1 = mL2

L1 L2 mL1 mL2 = 1
EX

L1 : y = 2x 1
L2 : y = -2x + 3
L3 : 4x + 2y 5 = 0

mL1 = 2
mL2 = -2
mL3 = -2
L4 : x + 2y + 1 = 0 mL2 = -1
2
L2 // L3 L1 L4

X Y
X (X intercept) Y (Y intercept)
a X
X y = 0

l X (a, 0)
Y (0, b)
EX
Sol

b Y
Y x = 0

X Y y 4 = 2(x 1)
X y = 0

0 4 = 2(x 1)
x = -1
X (-1, 0)
Y x = 0

y 4 = 2(0 1)
y=2
Y (0, 2)

.. .. ()

| 5

4.

d P(x0, y0) Ax + By + C = 0
d = | Ax 0 +By 0 + C |
A 2 +B 2
EX
Sol

(1, -1) 3x + 4y 9 = 0
d = | 3(1) +4(-1) -9 | = | -10 | = 2
25
3 2 +4 2

L1 : Ax + By + C1 = 0
L2 : Ax + By + C2 = 0
d L1 : Ax + By + C1 = 0
L2 : Ax + By + C2 = 0
d = | C1 - C 2 |
A 2 +B 2
EX 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 3x + 4y 3 = 0
Sol d = | 2 - (-3) | = | 5| = 1
25
3 2 +4 2

.. .. ()

| 6

5. K-Know

1.
x1 y1
1
x
ABC = x2 yy2
2 3 3
x1 y1
= 1
2
= 1 (x1y2+x2y3+x3y1x1y3x3y2x2y1)
2
2.

(Counterclockwise)
(Clockwise)

L1

L2
L1 : y = m1x + c1
L2 : y = m2x + c2
tan = m2 - m1
1+m 2m1
2
L1 : A1x + B1y + C1 = 0 L2 : A2x + B2y + C2 = 0
L1 L2
| A 1x +B1y + C1 | | A 2 x +B 2 y + C 2 |
=
2
2
A 22 +B 22
A 1 +B1

.. .. ()

| 7

K-Concept :
1.

2.

3.

K-Trick

4.

.. .. ()


1.

| 8

K-Idea

(circle)

(center) (radius)

1. (0, 0)
r
x2 + y2 = r2
2. (h, k)
r
(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2

x2 + y2 + Ax + By + C = 0

(h, k) = A , B
2 2
r = h2 +k 2 - C
2 2
= A +B -4C
2

K-Note



1.
2.

PQ =
=

PQ =
=

PO OQ
(a-h) 2 +(b -k) 2 -r
PO + OR
(a-h) 2 +(b -k) 2 +r
.. .. ()

| 9

1. ()

(tangent line)

P(x1, y1)
x2 + y2 + Ax + By + C = 0
(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2
| PQ | = x 12 + y 12 + Ax 1 +By 1 + C
= (x 1 -h) 2 +(y 1 -k) 2 -r 2
K-Trick

(x1, y1)
(h, k)

L : (x1 h)(x h) + (y1 k)(y k) = r2

EX
Sol

r2 = (3-1) 2 +(1-2) 2 = 5
K-Trick :
(x1 h)(x h) + (y1 k)(y k) = r2

(1 3)(x 3) + (2 1)(y 1) = 5
y 2x = 0

mCT = 2 -1 = - 1
1 -3 2

mL = 2
(mCT mL mCT mL = -1)
y 2 = 2(x 1) y 2x = 0
.. .. ()


2.

| 10

K-Idea :

(parabola) F
l
(Focus)
(Directrix)
K-Word

Axis of symmetry

Latus rectum

(Vertex : V)
(F)

(LR)

c>0
c<0
2
(x h) = 4c(y k)
(h, k)
(h, k + c)
y=kc
x=h
|4c|

(V)
(F)

(LR)

c>0
(y k)2 = 4c(x h)
(h, k)
(h + c, k)
x=hc
y=k
|4c|

c<0

.. .. ()


3.

| 11

K-Idea :

(Ellipse)
F1 F2

(focus)
P Q 2 F1
F2
PF1 + PF2 = QF1 + QF2 = 2a

K-Note

()

= ab

K-Word

Major axis

Minor axis

(x -h) 2 + (y -k) 2 =1
a2
b2
(h, k)
(h a, k), (h + a, k)
(h c, k), (h + c, k)
X

(y -k) 2 + (x -h) 2 =1
a2
b2
(h, k)
(h, k a), (h, k + a)
(h, k c), (h, k + c)
Y

(C)
(V)
(F)

(V1V2)
(B1B2)

V1V2 = 2a, B1B2 = 2b

c2 = a2 b2, a > b
e = c , 0 < e < 1
(e)
a
2b 2
(LR)
a
2
2
Ax + By + cx + Dy + E = 0, AB > 0, A B
K-Trick
(h, k) = ( C , D )
2A 2B

.. .. ()


4.

| 12

K-Idea :

(hyperbola)
F1 F2
F1 F2

P Q F1 F2

|PF1 PF2| = |QF1 QF2| = 2a

2

K-Word

Transverse axis

Cojugate axis

Asymptote

(x -h) 2 - (y -k) 2 =1
a2
b2
(h, k)
(h a, k), (h + a, k)
(h c, k), (h + c, k)
X
y k = b (x h)
a

(y -k) 2 - (x -h) 2 =1
a2
b2
(h, k)
(h, k a), (h, k + a)
(h, k c), (h, k + c)
Y
y k = a (x h)
b

(C)
(V)
(F)

(V1V2)
(B1B2)

(e)
(Eccentricity)

V1V2 = 2a, B1B2 = 2b

c2 = a2 + b2
e= c
a
2
2b
(LR)
a
2
2
Ax + By + cx + Dy + E = 0, AB<0
K-Trick
(h, k) = ( C , D )
2A 2B
.. .. ()