1 (Sets)

1.1 (Sets)



x2 4 =0
(element)

1.1 (Sets)

1.
{ } ( , )
A = {1,2,3,4,}
B = {2,4,6,8,}

1.1 (Sets)

C 100
C ={ -10 , 10}
D
D={,,,,}
E 1223
E = {1,2,3}

1.1 (Sets)
2.

A = {x|x }
B = {x|x }

1.1 (Sets)

A 100
A={x|x x2 = 100
D
D={x|x }

1.1 (Sets)
A = {1,2,3,4} 1,2,3 4
A
3 A 3 A 3 A

5 A 5 A 5 A

1.1 (Sets)
(emply set null set)
{ }
A = {x|x x +1 =x }
A= { }
B = {x|x 2x=1}
B= { }

1.1 (Sets)
(finite and infinite sets)
0
{1,2,3} {2,4,6,8,,100}

{1,2,3,.}
{5,10,15,20,}

1.1 (Sets)

1.
2.

I+ I+ = {1,2,3,}
I- I- = {-1,-2,-3,}
I I = {0,-1,1,-2,2,-3,3,}
N N = {1,2,3,}

Integers = I
Positive Integers =I+
Negative Integers = INatural numbers = N

1.1 (Sets)
(equal sets or identical sets)

A B A
B B A

A={0,1,2,3}
B={2,3,1,0}
A B A = B

1.1 (Sets)
A B A
B B
A A B

A={1,2,3}
3 A
A B

B={1,2}
3 B

1.1 (Sets)
1 A ={1,3,5} , B={3,5} C={5,1,3}

A B A 1 B

B A C 1 B

A = C A C
C A

1.1 (Sets)
2 T={2,4,6} S={x|x 10}
T S
S S={2,4,6,8}
8 S 8 T
TS

 1.1
1.1{}

1.2{a,e,i,o,u}

1.3{10,11,12,,99}

1.4{2,4,6,8}

1.5{101,102,103,} 1.6{-99,-98,-97,-1}
1.7{4,5,6,7,8,9}

1.9{ }

1.8{ }

 1.1
2.1) 1
2.3) 9

2.2) 7
2.4) 0

3.1) A={x|x 7}
3.2)B={x|x }
3.3)C={x|x = k2 k N}
3.4)D={x|x = 10k k N}

 1.1
4.1)
4.3)
4.5)

4.2)
4.4)
4.6)

5.1)
5.3)

5.2)

 1.1
6.1) A=D

6.2)E=F

6.3)A=B

6.4)A=B

6.5)CD

6.6)E=F

6.7)KL

6.8)MN

1.2 (Relative Universe)

U U
U
U = {1,2,3,,10}
A = {x|x }
A = {1,3,5,7,9}
U = R
A = {x|x }
A = {1,3,5,7,9}
U U R

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

A={7,8} B={1,3,5,7,8}
A 7 8 B A
B
A B A
B A B
A B A
B A B
A B A B B A
A B A
B AB

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

1 A={1}, B={0,1,2}, C={3,4,5,6}
D={0,1,2,3,4,5}
A
B A B

A
D A D

B
D B D
A
B B
A A=B
A={3,5,7} , B={3,5,7}
A
B B
A
A=B

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

3 A={1,2,3}
A
A
A
1) {1}
2) {2}
3) {3}
4) {1,2}
5) {1,3}
6) {2,3}
7) {1,2,3}
8)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

1)
A A
2)
A

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

A P(A) A
A={1,2,3}
A A
P(A) = {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3},}

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

- (Venn-Euler Diagram)

U

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

1 2 A B U
1 A B
2 A B
(disjoint sets)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

4 (1-4) 2 (5-6)

1)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

2)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

3)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

4)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

5)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

6)

1.3(Subsets) (Power Set)

A={1,2,3,4} B={3,4,5,6}

A B 3 4
A B

 1.3
1.1)
1.3)
1.5)

1.2)
1.4)
1.6)

2.1) {1},
2.2) {1},{2},{1,2},
2.3) {-1},{0},{1},{-1,0},{-1,1},{1,0},{1,0,1},

 1.3
3.1) P(A)={{5},}
3.2) P(A)={{0},{1},{0,1},}
3.3) P(A)={{2},{3},{4},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4},{2,3,4}, }
4) A={1,2,3,4}
A 1 {1},{2},{3},{4}
A 2
{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}

 1.3
5.1)

 1.3
5.2)

 1.3
5.3)

1.4

1) (Union)
A B = {x|x A x B}
(x )
1 A={0,1,2,3} B={1,3,5,7} A B
A B = {0,1,2,3,5,7}
2 M={1,2,3,4,} N={1,2,3,4}
M N
M N = {1,2,3,4,}

1.4

2) (Intersection)
A B = {x|x A x B}
3 A = {0,1,2,3} B = {0,3,5} A B
A B = {0,3}
4 A={0,1,2,3}, B={0,1,2,3,4} C={0}
A B , A C, B C
A B ={0,1,2,3}

A C={0}

B C={0}

1.4
5 A={2,3,5,7} B={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,}
A B
A B = {2,3,5,7}
6 A={0,1,2,3} B={4,5} A
A B =

1.4
3) (Complement) A U
U
A A U
A A'
7 U ={0,1,2,3,4,5} A={0,2} A'
A'={1,3,4,5}

1.4
8 U ={0,1,2,3,4}, A={0,2,4}
B=3,4} A' B'
A'={1,3} B'={0,1,2}
9 U ={0,1,2,3,}, C={0,2,4,6}
C'
C'={1,3,5,}
C'={x|x U x }

1.4
(relative complement or
difference of sets)
1) A B A
B A-B B
A
2) B A B
A B-A A
B

1.4
10 A={0,1,2,3,4} B={3,4,5,6,7}
A-B B-A
A-B={0,1,2}

B-A={5,6,7}

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4
11 U ={x|x 40}

A={3,5,7,11}

B={3,7,29,37}
A B U,
A, B A B

1.4
A

B ={3,7}

1.4
12 U ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

A={1,3,5,7,9}

B={3,6,9}

1.4


A n(A)



A B

A B


A B C
A B C


14
1000
370 550
850

B
A
B

A
B
n(A)=370

n(B)=550
n(A B)=850

x
n(A B)
= x
n(A B)
= n(A)+n(B)+n(A B)

850
= 370+550-x
x
= 370+550-850
= 70
70

 1.4
1.1

1.2

 1.4
1.3

 1.4

1. { }
3. {3,5}
5. {0,1,2,7,8}
7.{1,7}

2. {1,3,4,5,6,7}
4. {4,6}
6. {0,2,8}