..

(.)
2544

1 3

.
.

( )

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
23

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.1

3.2

3.3

29
29
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
34
55
59
59
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
63
73

4.1

4.2

4.3

76
76
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
80
80
80
80
81
88

1 3

1.

2.
3.



3
4.

1)


2)
6
3)

5.







6.

7.

1.

2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


1
3

16

15

14

15

60

(16 )
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

(3
(4
(4
(2
(3

)
)
)
)
)

1 3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.1 (3 )

1.
2.

1.

2.


3.


4.

5. 1 6)

3
2
1)

5)
6. 1

7.

4

8.

2 6) 3

9.



[]

[

]

1.2 (4 )

1.

2.

1.2

1.

2.
1.2
3.





4.

5.
1.2 10
2

1 , 2 3

3
1

ABCDEFGH
1 2
F
A

G
B

6.


5
7.

8. 1.2 .


9.

6
A4


10.




11.

1.3 (4 )

1.
2.

1.3

1.
1.3

7
2. 2

3. 1.3 1 1) 3)

2

1 3

ABC
A
a AD BC
a
BD = CD = 2a
AD = 23 a
D a C
B
2

ABC 12 a 23 a = 43 a2

C
a

a
a

ABCDEF
6
6 43 a2

8
4.

5.

6.

7.

8.



9.

A4 1
15 20

10.

1.4 (2 )

1.
2.

1.






2.

3

3. 1.4 6

4.

10

1.5 (3 )

1.

2.

1.

()

2. 1 2
1.5 1 1), 2), 3), 4) 6)

2rh
r
h
3.

11

1.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

7
2 ABCDE FGHIJ
5 ABHG, BCIH, CDJI,

AG , BH , CI , DJ EF

DEFJ AEFG

2.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
3. 1),
4.
1)
2)
3)
4)

3) 4)
ABCD
ABCD
ABCD
AFEDI

FGHE
FGHE
FGHE
BGHCJ

1.
2)
3)
10 15
4)

12
2. 2) 4)
2) 4) A4
3.

1.
1) ABCD
2) 4 4
3)
4)
ABE DCE ADE BCE
2.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
3. 3)
4.

13

2.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

10
C D

D

C
A
B
D
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.

14

1.2
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

1) 84

3) 5.445

5) 940

7) 1,155.96
66
19,219.2
8
11
3.3
1.66
0.1 10
1,800
58,320

2)
4)
6)
8)

1,536
2,940
497.25
784

2
4
4.5
10
12

56
112
126
280
336

30

15

1.2
1. 3.14

1)
2)
3)
4)

0.785
4.522
706.5
1.767

2. 502.4
3. 3.14
4. 4.9
5. 288.75
6. 2,013.525
7. 2

157

15.373
14,836.5
2.65

( 3.14)
( 3.14)
22

22

( 3.14)
22

8.
9. 0.943
10. 11.8
47.1

22

( 3.14)

16

7 13 295.75

40
20

19

r = 219

18

r = 218

17

r = 217

16

r = 216

15

r = 215

14

r = 214

13

r = 213

12

12
r = 2

11

r = 211

10

10

10
r = 2

( )
19 2

2 1 = 90.25

18 2

2 2 = 162

17 2

2 3 = 216.75

16 2

2 4 = 256

15 2

2 5 = 281.25

14 2

2 6 = 294

13 2
295.75

2 7 =

12 2

2 8 = 288

11 2

2 9 = 272.25

10 2

2 10 = 250

17

2 3

4
3
2
1
0

4
3
2
1
0

4
3
2
1

4 14

4
1 4 14
2 3 14

2 3
1 4
12 1 2
12 2
43 14 3
3 3 14
2 3

18

1.3
1.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

(.)
10
8.2
7.3
8
6

(.2)
43.3
67.24
91.65
64
93.5

(.)
9
10.5
21
15
7.5

(.3)
129.9
235.34
641.6
320
238.8

2. 415.68
3. 9.33
4. 166.67

5 2 + 5 2 =
= 2 13 ( 50 )2 5
= 2 503 5

50

166.67

5. 1.1
6. 11,093.3

2,541,066.6

8,840.42
8,840

19

16
12
8

16

(r = 24 = 16)

(r = 23 = 8)

1,024
13 r2h = 1,024
= 210
r2h = 210 3
h = 3 16 r2 = 26 r = 23
h = 3 4 r2 = 28 r = 24

1.3
1. 10.42
( 3.14)
2.
( 3.14)
10.205
22
3. 3,273.8

4. 9.42
( 3.14)
5. 3,140
( 3.14)
6. 20 20,000
50 2 16,746.67

20
( 3.14)
7. 9
8. 1060.7

65

a3
1 1 a a a
8 8 3 2 2 2 2


3
= a6

3
a 3 a6 = 65 a 3

1.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3,052.08
2
4,198.68
1,956.4
12.21

6. 458
7. 3,286.8
8. 8

( 3.14)
( 3.14)
( 3.14)
( 3.14)
22

( 3.14)

0.48

( 3.14)

1.5

21
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1) 780
3) 816
5) 1,570
4.5
1,160
455.3
133.52

2) 51
4) 2,768
6) 566

1) 32
2) 72
7. 202.5
8. 7,536
9. 78.5
10.
1) 113,040
113,040
2)

22

8.58 109
1.66 1011
8.81 1011
1.84 1011

43 (1270)3 8.58 109

43 (3470)3 43 (1270)3
1.66 1011
4
4
43 (6300)3 (3470) 3 (1270) 3
3
3

8.81 1011

4 (6335)3 4 (6300) 3 4 (3470) 3 4 (1270) 3
3

3
3
3

11
1.84 10

23

24

1.2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

1 10,000
50,000 5
1 144
936 6.5
5 2,000
3 4,800
1 1,000,000
2,000,000 2
1 1,000
85,000 85
1,000 1
1,000 1
240 240
1 5
1 3
1 240
840 3.5

25

1.3

1.

6 .

(4 )

7.5 .
9 .

(4 )
9 .
9 .

9 .

(1 )

26
2.

(3 )

8 .

7.5 .

(3 )
8 .

8 .

(1 )

8 .

7 .

27
3.

(2 )

4.5 .

12 .

(2 )

4.5 .

8 .

(1 )

12 .

8 .

28

6 .

(2 )
12 .

7.5 .

(2 )
8 .

(15 )
2.1
2.2
2.3

(3 )
(7 )
(5 )

1.
2.
3.

30

2.1 (3 )

1.





2.

3. 1



1

200 4,000
200
200
200
4. 2


10.00 . 11.00 .
X

31

4)




5. 2.1 1

6
Y
240
X

2.2 (7 )

1.
2.
3.

1.
x y
x y

2. 1 5)
1.2x + 0y = 3.5 1.2x = 3.5 1.2x = 3.5
2
Ax + By + C = 0 A, B C
x 3y + 5 = 0

(1)x + (-3)y + 5 = 0

A = 1, B = -3 C = 5

32
3.
x y
x y
x y 0

4. y = - CB , B 0 x = - AC , A 0
X Y

5. 3
X
Y
6.

98
7. 2.2 1

2 5 98

2.3 (5 )

2.3

1. 1 2 4 5
3

33

2. 2.3

3.


4.




1

=

3
4
2.3

34

2.1
1.
1) 2y + x = 12 x y
Y
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

y + 2x = 12 x y
Y
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

35
2) y = x + 5 x y
Y
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1

1 2 3 4

y = x 5 x y
Y
3
2
1
-1 0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

36
3)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4)

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

37
2.
1) 5
3.25
25
4.25
2) 15
3)

Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
X

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
3.
x
y

3
1

6
2

9
3

12
4

15
5

18
6

1)
Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

2) 1.7

10 12 14 16 18

38
4.

Y
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

1) 29
2) 230
3) 350

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

5.

20000
15000
10000
5000
0

100000 200000 300000 400000

1) 200,000
2) 200,000

200,000

200,000

39
6.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

7.00 9.00
240
11.00 120
1
7.00 40
2 1 40
14.00
9.00 60
4 13.00

1.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

2.
1) 5x 2y 9 = 0
2) -7x + 6.4y + 1 = 0
3) 1 x y 4 = 0
2
3
4) -3x 1.5y = 0
5) 6y 3.5 = 0

A = 5,
A = -7,
A = 1,
2
A = -3,
A = 0,

B = -2 C = -9
B = 6.4 C = 1
B = -1 C = 4
3
B = -1.5 C = 0
B = 6 C = -3.5

40

2.2
1.
x
y = x4

0
-4

2
-2

4
0
Y
y = x4

4
2
-8

-4

-6

-2

(4, 0)
2
4

-2

(2, -2)

-4 (0, -4)
-6
2.
x
y = -2x 3

-3
3

-2
1

0
-3
Y

2x + y = -3
4

(-3, 3)

(-2, 1)
-4

-2

0
-2
(0, -3)
-4

41
3.
x
y=

x 1
3

-4

-1

-1
Y
4

-x 3y = 1
(-4, 1)
-6

(-1, 0)
0
-2

-4

-2

2
(2, -1)

-4

4.
x
y = 2x

-2
-4

0
0

2
4
Y

-4x + 2y = 0
(2, 4)

4
2
-4

-2

0
-2

(-2, -4)

-4

(0, 0)

42
5.
x
x5
y= 5

-5

-2

-1

0
Y
4
2

-8

-6

-4

-2

(0, -1)

-2

(-5, -2)

(5, 0)

x 5y = 5
6

-4

6.
x
3x 6
y= 2

-3

3
Y
2y 3x + 6 = 0
4
(4, 3)

2
-4

-2

0
-2
-4

(2, 0)
2
(0, -3)

43
7.
x
y = 3x

-1
-3

0
0

1
3
Y
y 3x = 0
4
(1, 3)
2

-4

-2
(-1, -3)

(0, 0)

-2
-4

8.
x
y=

5
2x

-1
5
2

-5

2y + 5x = 0

(-1,
-4

5
)
2 2

-2

(0, 0)

-2
-4
(2, -5)

44

y = C , B 0
B

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

X
(0, 3)
3
3
3
X Y (0, -3)
X Y (0, 5 )
2
X
A 1 y = 4
A 2 y = -2
X X

x = - C , A 0
A

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Y
(4, 0)
4
4
4
Y X (2, 0)
Y X (-3, 0)
Y
A 1 x = 3
A 2 x = -2
10. Y Y

45

1.
1)

Y
x=0
x = 11
x = -2
2
4
2
-4

-2

y= 1
2 X
4

-2
-4

2)

Y
4
2
-4
-2
y=0

0
-2
-4

y = -4

46
2.

Y
x = 41
2 1
y=4
2

x = -5

4
2
-6

-4

-2

-2
-4

y = -5

-6
(-5, 4 1 ), (4 1 , 4 1 ), (4 1 , -5) (-5, -5)
2
2 2
2
3. A 1 y = 6
A 2 x = -5
A 3 x = 7

1.
2.
3.

1. (1, 2)
2. (0, 2)
3.

47

2.2
1.
2x + y = 0
y = -1x
2
-4

Y
xy = 0
y = -2x
3

4
2
0

-2

1)
2)
3)
X

-2
-4
2.
1)
Y
y = 4x + 5
6
y = 4x 3
4
2
-6

-4

-2

0
-2
-4
-6

48
2)

Y
y = 2x + 3
y = -x + 3
4
2
-4

-2

-2
-4

3)
Y
y = -3x + 4
4

y = 4x

2
-4

-2

0
-2
-4

49
4)
Y

2x + y + 1 = 0

-x + y 5 = 0

4
2
-4

-2

-2
-4

3.
1)
Y
xy = 2
4

y=4

2
-4

-2

0
-2
-4

(6, 4)

50
2)

2x + y = 5

x=2

4
2
-4

-2

-2
-4

(2, 1)
3)

2x + y = 1

2x y = 3
4
2

-4

-2

0
-2
-4

(1, -1)
4.
1)
2)
3)
4)

51
y = 7 x + 3
2
A 2 y = 7 x
2
A 3 y = -x 3

5.

A1

2.3
1.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

0.6
5
0.6
1.8
0 2 2 4

6) 2 4 0
2
4 6 2
4

2.
1)
2)
3)
4)

2.2
4

1)
2)
3)
4)

1,800 3
1,600
1 5

1,800 3
6

3.

52
4.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

380
2.5 2 30
90
300
12.5 12 30
1
6) 0 2 2 500
250
1
2 2 5
250 125
1
5 7 2
125 62.5
1
7 2 10
62.5 31

5.
30 C 35

0C 30C
30C
30C

5)

1)
2)
3)
4)

6.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

11
22
220
11
22

53
6) 220
7)
8)
7.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

50
50
65
75
6 7
10
5 10 7.50

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

2,000 20,000

10,000
2,000 2,000
10,000
10,000 20,000
20,000

8.

0 5 2.5

0.5 1.1

1.1
1.1 1.5
0.5 1.1

54

1.


2. 25



25
3. 3 0
80 1 80
1 0
2

55

56

2.3

1.

( / )
50 A

( / )
B

50 A

1
()

D
0

C
2

()

1) AB 50
2
=
= 50 2
= 100
2) AB X
0 2 DA
DA = 50
DC DC = 2
ABCD =
= 50 2
= 100

57
2.

X
3.
()
40

20

C
50 60

1) 60
2)

()

1) ABCD
ABCD = 12 (AB + DC) 40

= 12 (30 + 60) 40

= 1,800
1,800
800
2) 1,60
= 30
4. 3
117
[ 200 50 ]
5.

58
( / )
100

()

[ 125 50 ]

(14 )
3.1
3.2
3.3

(3 )
(5 )
(6 )

2 3

1.
2.
3.

60

3.1 (3 )

1)

2)

1. 2



Ax + By + C = 0 A, B, C A B

2.

3.


4.

3
5. 3.1
3

61

3.2 (5 )

1)
2)

1.
127

2.

1 + 2 2 3
3. 1 3


x x
x+3
3 x , 2 x

4. 6

62

3.3 (6 )

1)
2)

3.3

1. 3.3

2.

3.

4
4.
y = ax + b a b
x y 2 a b a b

63

3.1
1.
1)
Y

x + 2y = 4

8
6
4
2

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8

2x + 3y = 7

2)
Y
y + x = -2

8
6
4
2

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8

2y + 2x = -4

64
3)
Y
8
6
4
2

2x 6y = 8

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
x 3y = 6 -4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8

4)
Y
2x + y = -3

8
6
4
2

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8

4x + 2y = -6

65
5)
Y
8
6
4
2

2y x = 6

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8
2y = x 4

6)
Y
8
3x + 2y = 8 6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
2x 3y 14 = 0 -8

2 4 6 8

2.
1)
2)
3) (2, 1)

66
4) (3, -3)
5) (-2, 3)
6)

3.2
1.
1) (1, 1)
Y

x + 7y = 8

8
6
4
2 (1, 1)

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8

3x + 2y = 5

2) (2, -1)
Y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
(2, -1)
-2
-4
3x y = 7
4x 3y 11 = 0 -6
-8

67
3) (-4, -3)
Y
8
6
4
2

3x 4y = 0

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
(-4, -3)
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8

3x + 4y = -24

4)
Y
8
2x + 4y 5 = 0 6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8
x + 2y 1 = 0

68
4x 12
5) x , 3

Y
8
6
4
2

x = 43 y + 3

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

2 4 6 8
4x 3y = 12

5 1
6) 12 , 12

Y
x + y = 12

-1

x 3y = 16

5 , 1
12 12

-1

69
7)
Y
8
6
4 -6x + 9y = -12
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2
-4
-6
2x 3y = 5 -8

2 4 6 8

8) (x, 2x 4)
x
Y
8
6
4
2

x 12 y = 2

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-2
y 2x = -4
-4
-6
-8

2.
1) (29, 36)
2)
4 2x
3) x , 2 x

70
4) (5, -3)
4x 12
5) x , 3 x

6) (1.1, -0.2)
31 11
7) 19 , 19

8)
4x + 7
9) x , 9 x

1
10) - 2 , 3

11) (0, 3)
9
12) - 2 , - 2

3.3
5
1. 15 2
2. 95
x
y
10x + y
10y + x
x y = 4
------------ 1
(10x + y) + (10y + x) = 154
------------ 2
3. 20 10
4. 105 , 32 43
5. 80 120
6. 48
24

71
7. 3 4
x
y
1 y
1

xy = 1
------------- 1
2 x2
1
------------- 2

y x2 = 1
8. 764
588
9. 40,000 80,000
10. 170 25
150 5
11. 64
6
12. 7 : 4
13. 12.30 .
14.
1) 35
2) 26.25
15.
1) 80
90
2) 120

72

y = 0.05x + 7,200 x y
19,725
x
y
a
b

y = ax +b
15,000 156,000
15,000 = 156,000a + b
---------- 1
17,200 200,000
17,000 = 200,000a + b
---------- 2

73

74

3.3

6 6

84
5
1)
:
: 4
6 6 5

2)
x y
3) x2 = 4y 6
---------- 1
x + 6 = 5(y + 6)
---------- 2
4)

1
x = 8y 12
---------- 3
x 8y 12 2
(8y 12) + 6 = 5(y + 6)
8y 6
= 5y + 30
3y
= 36
y
= 12
y 12 3

75
x

= 8(12) 12
= 84
5) 84 12
842 = 42
6 4 12 = 48
42 = 48 6
6 84 + 6 = 90
12 + 6 = 18
90 = 5 18

84

(15 )
4.1
4.2
4.3

(4 )
(5 )
(6 )

1.

2.

1
154
1 PQRS PQRS
159
10 168 4.2
169
170

171
184
186
188

2 6) A C R = B D Q
7

6.3 4.3
6 AC 100 10
9
BC // FG
DE // FG ( )
G
E
C
140

120

200

B 60 D 120 F

BC , DE , CE EG

77

4.1 (3 )

1.
2.

1.

2.





3.

3 4 A, B C

4.

78

5.

1
2
3

4.1

5 6

6.

4.2 (5 )

1.
2.
3.

4.2 4.2

1.

79
2.



3. 2 3
x y

4.


4.2 2 3)

12

P
x

1) S Q T SQT P Q R PQR
6 : x
2) Q S T SQT Q R P PQR
9 : 12 + 9 9 : 21
9
3) x x6 = 21
5.

6. 4.2 5 7


7.

80
8.

9. 4.2 4.2
4.2
4.2

4.2

4.3 (5 )

4.3

1.

2.
4.3

3.

81
4.2
4.

5. 4.3

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.

A = P, B = Q,
AB = 3 , BC =
PQ 4 QR
AB = BC = CD
PQ QR RS

C = R D = S
3 CD 3
DA 3
4 , RS = 4 SP = 4
3
= DA
SP = 4

82

4.1
1.
1)

ABCD

WXYZ

A = W , B = X , C = Y D = Z

BC CD DA
6 3
AB
WX = XY = YZ = ZW = 4 = 2

2)

LONG

BACK
LO = GN = 7 LG = ON = 5
BA
KC 8
BK AC 6

2.

3.

6
8

4.

5.
3

3
3

2
2

6.

83
7.
4

5
3

8.
9.

I = 65o, C = 120o, H = 95o, B = 80o K = 95o

1) C = 90o A = 80o
2) DL = 9 MW = 10
COLD
3)
= 23
WARM

3.

4.

1) D O A = D O A , O A B = O A B , A B C = A B C ,

B C D = B C D C D O = C D O
2) OA = AB = BC = CD = DO
OA
AB
BC
CD
DO
1)
OAB OAB, OBC OBC OCD OCD

84
OA =
OA
OB =
OB
OC =
OC

OAB OAB

OBC OBC
OCD OCD
2)

AB = OB
AB OB
BC = OC
BC OC
CD = DO
CD DO

4.2
1.
1)

P = N = 50 , L = O = 90o A = I = 40o

2) B = M

3)

M A P = M O B , A P M = O B M P M A = B M O

4)

A = B ,

R = L M = E
5)

6)

D E S = K S D , E D S = S K D E S D = S D K

2.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

x
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=
=
=
=

10
21.6
14
35
40
32

y
y
y
y
y
y

=
=
=
=
=
=

12.5
6.25
19
21
9.375
72

3. ABE CDE E A B = E C D A B E = C D E (
AB CD )

A E B = C E D (
)

85
4.

1) DBA ABC B D A = B A C , D B A = A B C D A B = A C B
DCA ABC C D A = B A C , D C A = A B C D A C = A C B
2) x = 45 y = 36
5. ABC DEF
CA
BC
AB
DE = EF = FD
AB = BC

DE
EF

AB EF = DE BC
AB = DE

BC
EF
BC = CA

FD
EF
BC FD = EF CA
BC
EF

CA = FD
CA = AB

FD
DE
CA DE = FD AB
CA = FD

AB
DE
BC = EF CA = FD
AB
DE

=
,
DE
BC
EF CA
FD
AB
6. FO = 4.8
7. ABC M AC MN AB BC N
MNC ABC
C
CM
MN
AB = CA
MN = CM
M
N
AB
2CM (M AC)
MN = 1
AB
2
A
B
MN = 12 AB

8. ADE
DE =

BC
DE =

ABC

AD = 2
3
AB
2 BC
3

86

4.2
1.
1) BOY DOG
1 : 2
2) EAT NRT
3 : 5
3) ABC DCA AB
BC
DC CA
AB BD
4) BDA ADC CA
AD
BD AB
BDA BAC BA
CB

2. A B C = 26o, D C B = 64o D B C = 26o

3. FDE RPQ

D = P
4. AXY ABC

A X Y = A BC
XY // BC

(

)

4.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

15.04
21.50
100
26.92
0.9
19.2
3.73
350

87
9. ABC, ADE AFG
BC = 80
DE = 120
CE = 70

EG = 140

88

89

4.2

1.

1
2

2. 1 2

1
A

1) ABC

2) BC
3) ABC ABC ACB

A B C A C B

90

4) B A C BAC
[
]
5) ABC ABC
[ ]
2

A
c

A
b

c
B

c
C

1) ABC a, b c

2) BC 2a
3) B 2c
4) C 2b 3 A
ABC
5) ABC ABC
B = BC = C A = 2 ]
[ ABC ABC AAB
BC
CA 1

91

4.2

D
A
X
B

Y
F

AC
ABC DEF A = D AB
DE = DF
ABC ~ DEF

DE DX = AB
XY EF DF Y
DXY DEF

XDY = EDF

()

DXY = DEF

92

DYX = DFE

)
DXY ~ DEF
DY
DX
=
DE
DF
AB
()
DE = AC
DF

DX =
DX
DE =
DY =

DF
DY =
ABC
ABC

AB
AB = DY
DE DF
AC
DF
AC
DXY
~ DXY

ABC ~ DEF

()
= AC
DF

()

()
(...)
(
)
()

93

4.3

(Pantograph)
4
A, B, C D ABCD P, D E
P
D E
D E
D ABCD
P, D E

PA 3 AB 6

94

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

PBE ~ PAD [ ]
PB PA
[9 : 3 3 : 1]
PE PD
[3 : 1]

EE
[3 : 1]
DD

1 : 2

[1. PA 1 AB 1
2. D E E D]