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rBm 218vldefomrf-vldefoDb yDwB; 2099 Vol. 22, No 218, FEBRUARY - MARCH 2005
INDEPENDENCE
umefrdlif;tujemrf=ufhwFif;qlufh |8|
yldifyAefcyfhwmrf;rmefjwdzljerf;wB; |11|
vDqfgUumefjZB;[dkOf erfhzkdifjerfhnGBj |13|
o#rf;acgif;aqmifrsm; zrf;qD;r+ |18|
vwfwavmEdkifiHa&;oHk;oyfcsuf |21|
jynfwGif;ppfjyefpbdk etzzefwD; |28|
Puppet show reopens |36|
The ground view disagrees
with bird's eye-view |38|
Mounting suspense |39|
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22/3/2548, 17:51
INDEPENDENCE
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22/3/2548, 17:51
INDEPENDENCE
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Zxkj9uj9uj,5;jy -gijlujX v5r96;P
5 jy ?
@$T AFPFL (zqyv) oK'yr-\3;yj-\3;yjgd\kjPG'ry / ,kTv5'jy ,kj/ d5;jy gvr]6ojy Zvoy;kh
xGoyo:oyoy.ro5b;yt d5oyr ovzX/ d5oyrmwj VDO mC'yhgdkTo6b'yh Zvoy
-Cxyr,oyr0G;yrm6b'y,6b;yrx]bdyh,Koyh?X
9'yhc9jpK,yr +rQQ m6'b y @@rQQ ,5'ry ooyt ,urz5hpyj. *S( gdkT x5'gy -khd.K,yr 0;yh
l5;b m
y o
C hy sG9ry z5ho'yh06'b hy v5r,b\oy9
t Koyr sG9ry z5hdC;xy K'y? v:o9
y K'yrl69ry 0;yhl5;b y
mCohy -whcop5'b ry vKoyr ]:'hy ]whs<'v
ty x6 jy v5;ry / ]:'hy -:9jy z:9hy ,kr -:,jy ,9ujd5;b ry d6,y z5hxwKr
g,k,5'b ry 9wr SSTCC voy,ru z5h9Cory x:9ry s<'jy 20Koyr2v:djy + gdkT voyvx6 jy d6,dy oy m6'b ,y kr
x:dhy mb $ d,yrow?t Zc9jgdkj9'yhmb @ ,5;b hy %S*2@@2Q% SSA-N d69
b ry l6db ry @* xu9,G y
9uhlC'dy ;C /ty x:dhy mb # v6xjy doy9hu ]khlG;hy ]5o
b f
y Hu lC,Hy [5;b Hy #QQ%X ]wh]5db hy v;yvr5 ,\boty
9KoyrZz5ho,yr NGSSX xGoz
y h5 -KoyxKdyj SSTCC glx6o
b z
y K;yjxGo9
y K'yrdKoy syh> d5h06,ry
s^Tm6b'yp:,yrsxytdxyrlKoydoyd.kj?
-xy,t Kw # v5rl5Pjy v5'ry ]5vKoyjcog-khx6o
b z
y K;yj-:'y 06,ry SSNRLD ]:'hy m9yrlK'y
soym6b'y';yr]wKrdKoy,5b'yrpK,yr]G;y m6dyjsG9yrl'yM?
-xy,t Kw $ 0;yh-.Koy,'b5 ry 9K'yjco]:'hy 9kj l6xb jy 96dry p:ory l6ojy ]whoyr. NC d.kjmC'hy ?
]whdkhs6;b y v;ydkhooy?t ,url'ygdkh]5']
ty 'C ry s^,hy s<,ry doy? z5h-;yhxkroyr. SSTCC owt v,yj]u
xGoyz5h9Coyr06,yr]y.? sy>hxGoy06,yr9K'y95;yd5oyr,5b'yrp6,yjp,yx6b'yhvb'ySl5xyrp,yd.K,yrdkh?
-xy,t Kw % ]6'ry -6oxy K. 'yt 9K'y9;5 y SSTCC x:9ry 0Koyrgl ]K9yh;kh,url'ygdkh syh> dxyr
l6xb jy x:'jy ]C'ry doy? x:9ry s<'jy 0;yhv5rd\kjxGoy z5h9K'y9;5 /y x:9ry v:djy xGo0
y Kw r9:'ry / xK'yvx6 jy
v5;ry owt xGo9
y kjp:,ry sxyt SSTCC ?
8
ql;-um;u Al;cg;Ektvm;
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;.
jynfwiG ;f Edik if aH &;
azaz:0g&D v 7 &ufwGifus
a&mufonfh 58 }udrfajrmuf o#rf;jynf
trsKd ;om;ae@? awmif}uD;rd@ tkyzf &kd yfuu
G f
cGm!dv
k rf;&Sd typf&yfajrmufyikd ;f SSA wyf
r[m 7 H;k aetdr?f rsKd ;qufopf (o#r;f jynf)
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf typf&yf SNPLO (OuUX
wmcJ v ,f O D ; pD ; aom &vvz ytd k 0 f ; eD
tzG@J ) wd@k yl;aygi;f pDpOfurux y+yD; trd
o#rf;jynfarG;ae@[laomtrnfjzifh aqG;
aEG;yGJtcef;tem;w&yfyvkyfcJh=u.? xdk
tcef;tem;odk tzG@J 13 zG@J rS acgi;f aqmif
udk,fpm;vS,f 38 OD;wufa&mufcJh=u.?
vufvSrf;rDod&Sdor#tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh acgif;
aqmif y k * ~ d K vf r sm;. trnf p m&if ; rS m
atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?
1. SSNRLD (UNLD tzG@J 0if o#r;f jynf
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm; 'Drdkua&pD
tzG J @ csKyf ) rS yif v H k u G e f z &if h w uf
a&mufzl;ol o#rf;jynf0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;
orm;}uD; OD;a$tkef;?
2. SSPFL (o#rf;jynfjynfol@vGwfvyf
a&; - &vvytzG@J 0ifa[mif;) rS OD;
!$ef@armif?
3. SSTCC (o#rf ; jynf y nm&S i f r sm;
twdkifyifcHaumfrwD) rS OD;cGefyGifh/
pdkif;awmif; (usdKif;wHk)/ OD;boif/
OD;cGefqrf (awmif}uD;)/ OD;ausmf0if;
(tif;om;) ac: p0faqaemif?
4. SNPLO (o#rf ; jynf v l r sd ; aygif ; pH k
jynfo@l vGwaf jrmufa&;tzG@J ) rS Adv
k f
r;pde0f if;aemifEiS hf tjcm; 3 a,muf?
5. SNLD (o#rf ; wd k i f ; &if ; om;rsm;'D r d k
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) rS pdkif;vSatmif/
p0fomOD;?
6. SSPC (o#rf ; jynf + id r f ; csrf ; a&;
aumifpD) rS AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@/ pkdif;
2005
22/3/2548, 17:51
m;
INDEPENDENCE
crf;arm(0f)/ pdik ;f [efatmif/ pdik ;f OD;qdik f
(awmif}uD;Hk;wm0efcH)/ pdkif;pdkif;?
7. PSLO (yavmifjynfe,fvw
G af jrmuf
a&;tzG@J ) rS 2 OD;?
8. NGSS (rsdK;qufopf - o#rf;jynf)
rS OD;jrifo
h ef; (ocsmF )/ q&m!dak xG;/
OD;xGef;!dk/ udknDnDrdk;/ udkaersdK;/ pdkif;
rsdK;rif;xGef;?
9. MTA (rde;f wdi
k ;f wyfrawmf) rS OD;cGef
rdef;/ pdkif;zdk;wm;?
10. KPSP (u,ef;jynfopfygw)D rS OD;cD;
Ed/k OD;&JatmifEiS hf tjcm; tzrf;cH&ol
1 OD;?
11. UWSA(0jynfaoG;a&;wyfrawmf)
rS a0xifusKd ;ESihf aemuf 1 OD;?
12. DP ('Drdkua&pDygwD) rS OD;oka0?
13. AFPFL (zqyvygwD) rS a':csdKcsdK
ausm+f idr;f / if;.orD; rOrRm/ udak t;
vGif (etzvufowfarG;xm;aom
tvdkawmf&dtjzpf rouFmcH&ol)/
trnfrod AGD'D,dkuifr&mrif; 1 OD;/
(dkuf+yD;om;if;.tacGtm;vHk; SB
yk v d y f r sm;vuf w G i f ; tjref a &muf
oGm;apol)?
tvGwfoabmaqG;aEG;yGJvnf;ru/
w&m;0if t pnf ; ta0;vnf ; rusaom
tqdkyg trdo#rf;jynfarG;ae@ tcef;
tem;udk eHuf 09:00 rS 11:00 em&Dausmf
txd usi;f ycJ=h u.? SSPC rS Adv
k cf sKyfaq
xJe@f u obmywd yHpk aH e&m,lum NGSS
rS q&mOD ; jrif h o ef ; ES i f h SNPLO rS pd e f
0if;aemifw@kd u tcef;tem;r; (od@k ) tpD
tpOfr;yrm wm0ef,l=u+yD; acgif;aqmif
yk*Kd~ vf 5-6 OD;cef@ rde@f cGe;f toD;oD; ajymoGm;
=uonf?
yxrOD;pGm p0faqxJef@u awG@qHk
aqG ; aEG ; yG J z d w f a c:&jcif ; ta=umif ; ud k
tusOf;Hk;ajymjy.? o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif;/
awmifyikd ;f / ta&S@ydik ;f ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg
0ifaomtzG@J 0if 9 OD;&Sd o#r;f jynfynm&Sif
rsm;twdik ;f tyifcaH umfrwD (SSTCC) udk
10 ok@d
,k95db hy s^;-ty o
: ry sK'y
06b'y;kh,k95bdyhs^;yt0K'yh-5xyrow]kjM/
,k95;o
y xtw o
b5 hy s69
b ry x5o
b hy gskh 95db hy s^;p
ty j5 gdkh
96db -ty o
: ry sK'y]9
b ry ]b9ry 'Cohy s^;b hy s^;b hy p5j]5rowt
22/3/2548, 17:51
k
9 rS
&uf SSA-North 15 ESpfjynfh
typf&yfpJjcif;txdef;trSwfae@wGif qdkif
ausmXh mecsKyfY aqG;aEG;zG@J pnf;cJ=h ua=umif;/
'kw,
d t}udrf SSTCC tpnf;ta0;udk 'D
ZifbmvtwGif;u vm;d_;rd@wGifyvkyfcJh
=u+yD; NGSS rsdK;qufopf-o#rf;jynfrS
q&mjrifo
h ef;tm; SSTCC . ajyma&;qdk
cG i f h & S d o l t jzpf aG ; jc,f w m0ef a y;cJ h = u
a=umif;/ SSTCC tm; 0dkif;0ef;axmufcH
todtrSwfy=uyg&ef/ ,ck trdo#r;f jynf
arG;ae@awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif xkwfjyefa=u
jimvd k a =umif ; wd k u f w G e f ; &S i f ; vif ; oG m ;
cJhonf?
4-5/11/04
u o#rf;jynfta&S@ykdif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
jzpf=u+yD; ,ae@ aqG;aEG;yGJonf SSTCC
todtrSwf ya&;twGuf &nf,
G af =umif;
ajym=um;cJhavonf?
tpDtpOf 5? (,cif Auo tzG@J 0if
a[mif;/ etz bufawmfom;tjzpf pGypf JG
cHxm;&ol) udak t;vGiu
f vnf; yg0ifaqG;
aEG;.? 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh wdkif;
&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;t=um; em;vnfr_
&Sd&Sdyl;aygif;aqmifGufjcif;ryvkyfEdkifygu
txajrmuf r nf r [k w f a =umif ; / Ed k i f i H
a&;enf;jzifh pkpkpnf;pnf;wdkufyGJ0ifajz&Sif;
=u&rnfjzpfa=umif; wifjycJhonf?
tpDtpOf 6 tjzpf rsdK;qufopf o#rf;jynf (NGSS) . acgif ; aqmif E S i f h
aoa&;&Siaf &;uH-urRm onf tkypf ;kd olppftm%mydik rf sm;. vufcyk f wGi;f rSa&/
usm;oem;rS EGm;csr;f om& aom ql;-um;u Al;cg;EkEk Edik if aH &
tpDtpOf 2 t& OD;a$t;kH u if;.
SSNRLD . xkwjf yefa=ujimcsuu
f kd zwf
=um;+yD; vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;oH;k oyfcsuEf iS hf vkyf
oifhvkyfxdkufonfrsm;udk wifjycJh.? tpD
tpOf 3 tjzpf (uonf;uGi;f ac: a$jynf
at; MTA zG@H zd;a&;a'o) rS OD;cGerf ed ;f u
trsdK;om;nDvmcHwGif qufvufawmif;
qdk&rnfhudpPrsm;udk wifjy+yD; &oavmuf
&Edkifor#t&,l&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ tzGJ@
tpnf ; rsm;t=um; em;vnf r _ y l ; aygif ;
aqmifu
G rf _ yd&k &dS rnfjzpfa=umif;/ SSTCC
tzGJ@0if yk*~dKvfrsm;onf tjcm;rnfonfh
ygwD t zG J @ tpnf ; . ud k , f p m;vS , f r jzpf
oifha=umif;/ o#rf;jynfolrsm;tm;vHk;udk
udk,fpm;yEdkifonfh vlxkrS ,Hk=unfudk;
pm;tm;xm;aom =um;aeA[dktzGJ@csKyf
jzpfoifha=umif; axmufjycJhonf?
tpDtpOf 4? SSTCC tzG@J 0if/ o#r;f
jynf a wmif y d k i f ; ud k , f p m;vS , f OD ; cG e f y G i f h
uvnf ; ygwD t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;tm;vH k ;
yd k r d k q uf q H v uf w G J y l ; aygif ; oG m ;=u&ef /
tajctaeuawmif;qdkae+yDjzpfa=umif;
rde@f =um;cJ.
h ? p0fO;D =um - oDayg u o#r;f
jynfajrmufyikd ;f ud,
k pf m;vS,/f OD;pdik ;f awmif;
ay;cJhavonf?
aemuf 1-2 tt=um (8-9/2/05 ae@
rsm;wGif) &efukefppfHk;csKyftrdef@t& trd
o#r;f jynfarG;ae@tcef;tem;Y yg0ifc=hJ uol
38 a,mufteuf AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@ESifh OD;
jrifo
h ef;wd@k tygt0if tm;vH;k 25 OD; tzrf;
cH = u&.? tcsd e f t yd k i f ; tjcm;tvd k u f
wae&mpD ac:,lxdef;odrf;jcif;cH=u&awmh
onf? cGex
f eG ;f OD;/ pdik ;f !Ge@f vGiw
f @kd tygt0if
&efukefESifh awmifil&xm;blwmwdk@wGif
tzrf ; cH & aom SNLD A[d k t vk y f t r_
aqmifaumfrwD0if 5 OD;udk ygxnfw
h u
G yf g
u tm;vHk; ta,muf 30 tzrf;cH&jcif;
jzpfonf?
SNPLO, KNSP, PSLO, MTA
05
. ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf q&mOD;jrifh
oef;uvnf; NGSS . rsuaf rSmufEikd if aH &;
qef;ppfcsufrsm;udkif;/ vuf&Sdtajctae
awmif;qdck sut
f & vkyo
f ifv
h yk x
f u
kd o
f nf
rsm;ESihf vkyEf ikd u
f ikd Ef ikd o
f nfrsm;udk if;/ wem
&DeD;yg; &Sif;vif;ajym=um;cJhavonf?
tcef;tem;wufa&mufoltm;vHk;
SSTCC
o#rf;jynfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;vdu
k jf cif;onfvnf; vlrsKd ;pkrsm;
ar#mfreS ;f aom wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;&ydik cf iG hf qdo
k nfukd taoowfvu
kd jf cif;jzpf
uefatmuf&yf&Sd arm0fo#rf;pm;aomuf
qdik w
f iG f ae@vnfpmtwlwuG oGm;a&muf
pm;oH;k =u.? rGe;f vGyJ ikd ;f wGif bmtpDtpOf
r#r&SdawmhbJ uefa&S@&yf "rR&uQdwvrf;&Sd
pdefawmifwef;pm;aomufqdkifwGifwcg/
aqG;aEG;yGw
J ufa&mufoal &m rwufa&muf
ol y g vl 5-60 cef @ naepmtwl p m;
aomuf=ujyefonf? uG,fvGefol a'guf
wm,l * sif ; od k u f (p0f Z ef @ ) ES i f h p0f [ ef
a,mif a [G @ wd k . zatwl r atuG J n D r
(jynf a xmif p k . yxrOD ; qH k ; orw}uD ;
p0f a $ o d k u f . orD ; ) p0f a [rmod k u f
(touf 55 cef@) vnf; wufa&muftm;
jzpfonf?
o#rf;jynfwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;
tm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;yEdkif&ef zGJ@pnf;wnf
axmifvdkufaom o#rf;jynfynm&Sifrsm;
twdkif;tyifcHaumfrwD SSTCC qdkonf
rS m vnf ; ed * H k ; ur w f t qH k ; owf v d k u f &
onft
h vm;yif? trnfomuse&f pf+yD; bm
r#tvkyfrjzpfatmif tzsufodrf;cHvdkuf&
jcif;jzpf.? 3-4 vcef@om oufwrf;&Snf
f d
=umcJah om SSTCC onf bmrS [kww
ywfwd tvkyfrp&rDrSmyif a&pkefar#mypf
jcif;cH&onf? ppftm%m&Sifwdk@. "g;rdk;
tkyfcsKyfr_avmif;&dyfatmufwGif &Sifoef
10
22/3/2548, 17:51
INDEPENDENCE
vHk;yrf;&aom EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_tzdk@ xdk
tjzpfEiS hf &ifqikd &f onfrmS tqef;r[kw?f
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. aoa&;&Siaf &;uH=urRm
onf tkypf ;kd olppftm%mydik rf sm;.vufcyk f
wGi;f rSa&/ usm;oem;rS EGm;csr;f om& aom
ql;=um;u Al;cg;EkEk Edik if aH &;jzpfaoma=umifh
yif?
vGefcJhonfh 1 ESpfausmfrSpI ,ck
rwf c sf u k e f t xd (wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;pk
tm;vHk;ESifh qufEG,fonfh/ wjynfvHk;ESifh
vnf; tuH;0ifywfoufaom) o#r;f jynf
EdkifiHa&;jzpfpOftzdk@ =urRmiifaomtcg
,r,[kvnf; qdkEdkif.? 2004 ckESpfwGif;
SSPC ESihf SSJAC . taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;
r;csKyfEiS hf typf&yf SSNA . eHygwf 1 acgi;f
aqmif Adv
k rf ; }uD; u%f;,Gu/f a'guw
f mp0f
Zef@a,mifa[G@/ SDU 'kkOuUX yDpdkif;xGef;
tp&Sdaom t"duacgif;aqmifrsm; uG,f
vG e f c J h = u.? 2005 ES p f O D ; yd k i f ; wG i f w zef
cGefxGef;OD;/ pdkif;!Gef@vGif/ AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@/
q&mjrifo
h ef; tp&Sad om acgi;f aqmifrsm;
tpkvdkufxyfrHtzrf;cH=u&jyefonf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;wifOD;ESifh
NLD xdyy
f ikd ;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; etzrS
csKyf a ES m if x m;jcif ; rS m Armjynf o l r sm;
awmifhwonfh 'Drdkua&pDar#mfvifhcsuf
a&mifjcnfoJhoJhav;udk etzppftkyfpku
tarSmifcsxm;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf? o#rf;
jynfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;vdkufjcif;
onf v nf ; vl r sd K ;pk r sm;ar#mf r S e f ; aom
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;&ydik cf iG hf qdo
k nfukd tao
owfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf?
ql;=um;u Al;cg;EkEt
k vm;/ wdik ;f &if;
om;rsm;. jynfwGif;EdkifiHa&; oGifjyifudk
rsuf0g;xifxifawG@jrif=u&+yD? jynfwGif;
EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_tzdk@ tjcm;aG;jc,fp&m
enf;emvrf;prsm;&Syd gao;.avm? tm*
rsKd ;cspjf ynfcspaf cgi;f aqmifrsm; pOf;pm;awG;
ac: }uHq&rnfh/ jywfom;rSefuefpGm qHk;
jzwf&mS azGaG;jc,f&rnfh r[mwm0efyif?
pdkif;pdef=unf (o#rf;oHawmfqifh)
13/3/05
x5'b xy o
G -y xy9
t K,yr ]:'hy ,Koyh9bzh5 o,yr,5'b ry 9wr
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q
q
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@@T#TQ* q
@#T#TQ* q
q
@%T#TQ* q
@*T#TQ* q
@)T#TQ* q
@_T#TQ* q
##T#TQ* q
#$T#TQ* q
11
22/3/2548, 17:51
11
k
#%T#TQ* q l6bdyr,Koyhd.kj9bP:xyr -6oyl6bdyr]5'y xkT,C'yj 9'yrg,roK'yr ZawKj,Kdyh,ur
9xy0
t ,6 ry @ d5ory 0;yhl6db ry ]5'xy K'yjakTX 9uhokrd:'ry ,5r ,5'b ry 95o?y
#_T#TQ* q 0;yhokh9uh-:dyh-'yvboyrlG'yj-;y v,yjxoyz5h9K'yokh (lawyer) -;yhs^xyt
m5xry -6om
y o
6 ry v5r-;y? dkrl6ojy 95;o
y khs^o
b ry -6om
y o
6 ry v5r ( ],yr voy
0yT. dKoy-,: jy xouj,oyr0;yhgdkh m6djy s6xhy p69
b ry v;ydk. j?
@T$TQ* q 0;yhokh9uh,Koyh v;y-o
6 m
y o
6 ry v5r-;y $S% gdkT 9K'yj-6o
b hy ]6,ry I9krgl
0C'hy d.K,yrv;y]'b5 hy ]5Phy g-kh0b0,yh,wK @#@j @#%dj @)S@ voycor
;kh -kT-wKpkT06b;yhlG'yokh9k06b'yh,5b'yr?
%T$TQ* q l6bdyr,Koyh-6boyrxw:jxoy ]6'yr-6oyx.K'yt/ l5b;yo:'y/ v5rP6oyt,:'yj/ v5r96;5Pyj/
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q -6om
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6 ry v5r-;y]hw m6djy v;y-o
b6 hy ]6,ry I9kr x:dhy mb # ? xwjxkr0;yhl5;b m
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C hy ?
)T$TQ* q l6db ry ,Koyhd59-ty Kw #S$Q voy0;yhl6db ry 0Koyjl5Pjy 9kj v:osy ;^ dy k. jl:dhy
9;yzG;yhg9kTv;y-5;yr-:'ygl xbdytxC9yhs^'yrg9kj]:'yr Z-luHo5;yHX -:'y
';yh'6oyr SSA-N 9'yrgxkh]G'ytc-js^,yhdoyx6b9yj,kr]wKxu {voyxGoy9uhsk
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12
22/3/2548, 17:51
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ty K9yh06'b hy 9wr Z)2#2Q*X 9uh
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ty Koyr Zv'yrlkrX voy
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b ry l6db ry ? ,oyr0;yh
gdkhcdh]b9hy -whco ]:'hy ]whm6djy ]5db hy xGoy
s^;xy ;yhgdks^,hy lK'yh SSJAC (SNLD+SSPC=
SSA-N+SSNA) ,kr *S( xup;yct ]h ]whd.kj
-;yhs^,hy xGoz
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c,rmG'ydoyz:'yh? z5b;yjm6b'y @2@2Q* ,kr
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g9l6xb jy sG9ry @)2# ooyt g9v,yj,:djy xkr
NLD, SNLD, xkj9ujd5;ry dK'yt SSKDP $ 06,ry
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b hy NC
0G,,y ;b5 hy dK'yxu #QQ%?
sG9ry ooygl 9'yhc9j _S+ g9kj
INDEPENDENCE
l'yowp5j? v,yj]5b;ygldC,ys^;yx;yhxkj9uj
9uj,5;jy -gijluj v5rm5Pry ,\o
b ty voy9db6 v
ty d: jy
-:dhy ,krgdkh;khSaCxHy [b;Hy iuH @# ;oyr,5'b ry
s^,hy 96,o
y tw xGo,y krp:o0
ty K;yr-5;b ry -;yo,yrokh
v:osy 9
G ry 0G,,y ;b5 hy @+%) c]h ]u-d6 ry m5xry
v;y,6oy/ l,yt,kr9bz5ho,yr9wrowt v,yj0y.h
]wKr,oyr? 0;yhsKoyp:'ys^Pyhgdkh;kh 06,yr
l6db ry ,Koyhowt ]K9yh]wKro6'b hy sG9ry ]wKro6'b hy ?
sG9ry NC 9kj9C,hy x5'b 'y ;yhx6'b ry ,5'b ry gdkh 9dyr
]whxkrz5ho,yr06,ry 0K;yr-5;b ry ? v,yj,:djy -6o
b hy
xK'yd,6 y NC 0:,ry gl l,yxt Kw 9bPx: ry mC'hy owt
v,yj,Cohy ? oyr. ,5'b ry o:dhy ,5'b ry d,yho,ygdkh v:oy
doy9db6 ry l5ory syh> -6o
b ry xwj: xoyzh5 o,yr9wrp5j?
awKjo6'b hy 06,ry d69
b ry l6db ry @$ 06,ry 05;b ry s^,hy
doy9K'yj]bdhy oyr. NC syh> d5hg0H,5'b ry ,url6ojy
]whx:'y,wK,uh/ 9Cxyr99yrI9kr/ z:'yr',yr95;y
d;yjooygt dkh g9l6xb jy 9K'yjmC'hy owpj5 ?
dG;jy ]:'hy l6db ry ,Koyh9bd,y z5ho,yr9wr
owt d:xhy l'yM/ x:'jy ;khl'yM/ s;yrm6djy ]us9
G ry
s6b;yM/ 0:'yjs;yr,ur]wKr0K'yh0w:h]whM? lwK'wK
g9l6xb jy xGody k. j05;b sty ;b6 My ? gxkrx5o
b hy xwj: Sv,yj
9bd,yd6,yr-'yv:'yjlKoyrl6d\ujooytx:'yj;kh voyd5oyr,5b'yr,6'yh,:'yr
9uj,5;jy -gijlujooyt sG9ry syh> l69ry ;wKrd.kj? 9bPx: ry z5ho,yr9wrmC'hy gdkh
,5boydoy9'yrsC,y9wKxC9yhl6oyj]wh0K;yr-5b;yrg0H,5b'yr?
@@2# z5ho,yr,5'b ry 9wr]wK]wK06,ry Zxkr0G,y
z5ho,yrxkj9uj,Koyh #S$ gdkTX ]whm6djy 9b
P:xry s^,hy 9'yrlG'hy $Q gdkT/ ,5o
b o
y 'yjx5'b y
xGo-y xy9
t K,yr voyddb6 ry xkr? ]6o
b ry l69ry ,oyr
gdkh g9kjm6b'ygxkr0bl'yjsxyrv6b9yrp6b9yr
s6xhy xC9hy dKoy-,: jy xoujxwKr,Kdyh,ur(OCS) -:'y
-6oym6oyrv5r sG9yrsy>hz5hsKxyjdKoyoy.r-:,yjx
ouj #Q gdkTxwK sK,yrdKoyg,kh-;yh9Cdjy xC9hy ?
vb'yo5b;y]:'yhowt d5hawKjd5h06,yrgdkh
m9yrlK'y 0bcorcltl,: ry 06,ry l6db ry ,Koyh
Zxkr0G,y US, UN, EUX? z5ho,yroyr. KNU
;kh d5oyr06,yroy.rg0H,5b'yr]G;y s^xytd6,ydoy
Z;oyr06'b hy 9wr )2#Xowt v,yjzb9ry l'y?9dyr
]wh-:oyh9kj]5'yt]C'yrdoy? l,yt,kr9bP:xyr
z5ho,yr9wrowt v,yjm6djy ? z5ho,yroyr. 06,ry
,:ory NMSP gdkh;kh 9kjsyh> ,Koyhxwj: 0;yhl5;b y
mCohy owt xGoxy o
6 hy z:ory SSA-N/SSNA ? l'y
v,yjxwj: gl v,yj-6o
b hy NC gdkh v,yjzb9ry
13
22/3/2548, 17:51
13
k
oyr. dkh06,ry 95'o
ty 'b6 dy Koy,'b5 ry dKoyldb6 ry
9'yrlG'hy ooyt voy]o
u dyr0y-. 0
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o,ygl9kT v,yjgxkr,urdKoy,'b5 ry ? l,y0
t ;b6 hy
lG'y]6o;yh;wtp:oytpkh,;yrd,y? 06,yr NLD
v:'jy lKoyrl6d\uj-;yl,yt dKoyxKw r,5'b ry -;y];b6 ry
p:oyh9'yr]6,yhakT? d5Pyrl,ytv,yj,urdKoy
l6db ry Zv,yj,uroGx'ty krd:'sty o
C jy l'yX? 06,ry 9wr
l,yt,ur-5xyr,urg0r ZxdyraK'ydKoy,5b'yrxGoy
06,ry -6om
y o
6 ry v5r/06,ry d69
b ry l6db ry xGoy SSPC,
voy9db6 l
ty Koy-9yr96db ry g9krl,y,t ru SSA-S,
dKoyod: hy ,5'b ry ,ur SDUX? d:xhy ow l6db ry ,Koyh
-;yg9oxyl
t o
: jy ;khgxkrv,yjzG;hy xC9hy 06,ry
9wrv,yj]wh? gxkrdKoy9wrdw:gdkh 9dyrg9
p:ohy d5h0K;yr-5;b ry 95;b l
ty K'yh0:,ry ? 9K'yj06,ry
gdkhg995'ytpKxyj/ d:xyh9wrgdkTv:oyc9j
x6o
b ry xK'y]'5 y 9:ohy 9kjl6ojy ]wh0K;yr-5;b ry ,kr/
gxkr,5'b ry 9wrv,yjo,yrokh]whgdkh dKoy0K;yr
-5;b ry 9dyrdwS: voym9yrsoyo'yjowgdkh,ur?
d,yhz:'hy ;kh m6djy ]wh0yT. ]wKro,yz
t 'b6 hy
o,yv
t h:w / ]wKrdKoy,'b5 ry g9kjl5h/ -9yr0y]
. K9yh
v;y]u]u? awKjo6b'yh v;y]wKrz:'yr9K'y-;yh
sk US, ASEAN, mwr/ c-j/ d]kr-;y? gxkr
x5boyh]K9yh;kh0:,yr p5;y06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh-;y
m:,jy ?
d,yhz:'hy gdkh;kh 9K'yj]wKr9K'yj9K'yr
owt v,yjx:'jy l'y? z5ho,yr9wr05;b ry owt d6'b jy ]u
Pkrp5j? d:xyh-;ysG9yr'5r]5b,ymkh-:oyt,kr0G,y
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]wKrl6db ry / ]wKr9:xjy 9Cory ? 05;b o
ty 'yj-6ol
y kj
m6djy 9bPx: ry 9uh95ohy 9ur ,5;b hy #QT@QT@+(+
ooyt vb'o
y ;b5 ]
y d6 hy o:',ty oyr Zoyr. 06,ry SUA
s<,ry ,6;b ry doy9'yr SSA xKoyooyXt s^,hy doy
;K'yrzCoy d.kj9bP:xyrv;yg,kpki9ytlb\3;yH
9uh95ohy 9ur ,5;b hy @(T%T@+)# gl ]Cdhy
v;y-6oylkj g9kj,Koyhgxkrxw:j]:9yhv:dyj?
s;yrgdkh,'y]Kw rowt v,yj]whcojM? gdkT;khow
gdkh,ur?
xGosy ;b6 gy dkh]u z5ho,yr9wrm6djy 9bgdkh
v,yj0yh. ;kh dKoys;yrg9dwd: ,yr]G;y o'yjd;yj?
d:xhy ;khs;yr,ur]:'hy s^,hy s<,ry dKoyvo
: sy ;^ /y s;yr
g,k0:,ry ]wKrl5;b 9
y Kw l5;b 9
y o
C ry ,kr xKoylxb6 jy
';yr]wKr]y. 9dyr]wh-6'b ]
y Kw r]y/. ]:'hy owt xGoy
x6oyhz:oyr d5hawKjd5h06,yr 0G,y9K'yro:dyh
9K'yroyr. m6djy ]whs^Tx:'jy p:,ry sxy;t p
tw j5 -yh. 96db ry
l5ory o'yjow?
z5hx:'dy Koy9j:w s<dhy Z@(T#TQ*X
ZlG'm
y rw Sodyr lG'9
y rw SodyXt x:'jy ;kh z5hgdkTvoys9
G ry dKoyl'yv,yj;kh/ 0yT.
-K;yr0yT. pK,yr sG9ry 0xyrdxyr9K,yrd.kj? v,yj0yh. sG9ry v,yjp;y/t sG9ry glxC9hy ;wt xGoy
x:dhy xGody ,yr? 95;p
y K'yj,oyrS
Zlb'jy X lb'jy x:'jy ;kh l'yl'b y l'yl'b jy l'yl,yj / voy (thing, object, article)?
d:xhy ooy z5;b jy g9d.kj0yT. 95;p
y K;yr d.kj0yT. 9K'yjg-khooyt s;yr0yT. g-kh]G;dy oy Zd.K,yr9wr
s^,hy g-khdoyX v,yj]us;b6 ?y 95;p
y K'yj
vb'ry d]G9hy
mwr
building
textile
environment
politician
newsman
tourist
pilot
singer
lG'yv:dyj
lb'yjgdkjlK'yt
lb'yjgmkH
lb'yj;C9yt]:,ytr
odyrdKoyr,5b'yH
odyr-K;yj
odyrm:'m
ty ;G ty
odyr[boHy
odyr:'ytr
9wr
lb'yjgdkjlK'yh
lb'yjg9kr
lb'yj;C9yt]:,yt
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ody-t K;yj
ody9
t ': hy 9G;ry
ody;t o
b 2y ,boy
odyst '< ty
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b ry s69
b ry ,Koyh
]K9yhg9kj,Koyhowt
pkjgxxkrlG'yv5oyhlG'yv:oyj/
g9]whs69
b ry v;yvdG ry v;yow
05;b sty ;b6 -y kh 0;yhs;yr
m5b9yrlG'ypy.jlG'ysC'yrs<'yt;kh
s<dcty dt-,\kr owd,yr]G;dy k. h
14
,Koyh
taqmuftOD;
t0wftxnf
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owif;orm;
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22/3/2548, 17:51
INDEPENDENCE
Z#X oK'yrdG''y o
b6 ry @$ xu/ Z$X 0wKr-oyjmuj
%$ xu Z%X 0wKrd:'ry $Q xu Z*X ]6'ry 9b %Q
xu corxGol
y db6 ry 9wrgl P:xry d.kj?
awKjl6db ry ;kT96db m
ty ,C sy 'C ry 9kj96db ry m6'b y
]w:9wr]C'yrmC'yhS;khow? awKjl6bdyr9wr;khS
9'yhc9jl6bdyr;kT]5'yr,kr loydK'y -K'ytxk
,5;b hy @#T$TQ* dkra^;Hy ;uH]y ## ],yrooyt
xkrpkh,kT,kr0:,yr % ]Koyt/ pkhaboyj]5b'y
Zs>'a
y ru X $QQ dur]5;ry / v;y,kr-wKr]5'?y ]:'hy
;kT,krp6;b ry owt d:xhy ,Koyh0yT. p6;b ry / p:o,ty Koyh
g9v,yjxoy;kTp5j x:9ry ;Koyhs6'hy s^;xy K'yj
s^;p
y 9
: hy s^Phy gvkhp;ygt l syh> ,krz69
b p
ty j5
0:,ry ]Co]
y o
b ?y d,yrowct 9t l6db ry 9wrg9v,yj
p5o
b v
ty ,yjp:,ry xoy,o
b5 dy khx5o,ty kr?Zoyr. #QQ#
l6db ry ;kTP:xry l6db ry 9wr9xy0
t ,6 ry )#) d.kj (
gdkT d:'hy ( ];yrgl l5'jy xoy,KoyhX g9
z5;b jy xKxyrxoyd,yrmb $
Jgxkr,yr. swKT ,yr. xKxyr95Pry okhd;y]r5 "
s^;b hy
,yr. 1
ymyf;
ymyf;
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15
22/3/2548, 17:51
15
acMjxmrfvGifjugmrf;vmwfjvdufjvBm;
9:xjy @_+ gdkT Z)T*(8 oyr. z5hvKoyjX
@T
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xwj]u0T.y $$ Z@)T*8X
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