KASAYSAYAN II MOCK EXAM ANSWER KEY

1. Asu It means sunrise (Greeks

2. Anatolia/Asia Minor Old term for Turkey
3. Oriens Latin word for Rising ; it is used to identify the lands to the east
of Europe
4. Far East Eurocentric and invalid. The farthest part of Asia
5. Middle East Region between western Europe and the Far East. Also
called west Asia.
6. India Jewel of Asia for its vast resources and mineral
7. Geography Primary mover and shaper of history, this factor is
important since the peoples actions might depend on this, peoples
interaction in the environment
8. Mountain Systems Primal natural land barriers of Asia, initially
isolation of people in their country are caused by these barriers
9. Tien Shan Mountain Ranges This mountain system is called by the
Chinese as Celestial Mountains
10.Chomolungma It was the name given to the Mt. Everest by the
Tibetans.
11.Yang Tze It is the longest river in Asia. It is also the lifeblood of Chin
12.Indonesia It is the largest archipelago in the world. A former Dutch
economy. It also has the largest economy in Asia.
13.Silk Route - It is one of the earliest surviving routes in the world. It
connects China to the rest of the world
14.Nanyang Historically this is the term used by the Chinese people
meaning Southern Ocean
15.Great Tradition - Characterized by the language of the elite, classic
script, pro government, and major tradition
16.Neolithic Revolution - Domestication of plants and animal
17.Subsistence Economy Hunting and gathering economy
18.Starvation- the practice of hunting and gathering is not completely
discontinued because of this natural and ever present threat.
19.Surplus This is the product of the Neolithic revolution. Because of this
other people have time to venture for other creative things.
20.Temple Towns 3800 B.C.E. , towns on Mesopotamia were called
_________ because of it accumulation of surplus and centrality of religion.
21.Civilization This is the broadest cultural entity
22.Sumerian Civilization This is the oldest known civilization. It is also the
root of the Mesopotamian Civilization
23.Priest / Priest King Absolute leader of a Sumerian City state
24.Fertility Cult This is the belief that a certain deity has a role on the
cultural life/ harvest of the people. An and Ki
25.Lugal It is the Military leader of a Sumerian City state. Eventually, its
power was taken by the Priest-King
26.Cuneiform System of writing of the Sumerians. Its used in codifying
laws, and written in clay tablets
27.Theocracy This is the form of government in which the Government and
Religion are intertwined
28.Akkads They invaded the Sumer at 2350 B.C.E. led by Sargon the Great
29.Ur It is a powerful Sumerian City state which shortly ruled Mesopotamia
by 2100 BCE after the Akkads. It is the first state to write codified laws.

30.Hammurabi He is the first leader of the Mesopotamian Civilization

31.Polytheism A religion with many gods
32.Ishtar the goddess of love in the Mesopotamian Civilization
33.Kodigo ni Ur Nammu The very first written and codified laws
34.Code of Hammurabi A collection of codified laws on religion,
agriculture, crime, military. It is a lasting record.
35.Mathematics and Astronomy The Mesopotamian civilization
contributed the birth of _____ to science.
36.Astrology It is developed by a Babylonian priest by observing
astronomical phenomena to predict the future.
37.Epic of Gilgamesh One of the earliest epics in history, source of
Mesopotamian conception of Underworld
38.Wheels and Sails These tools are invented by the Sumerians for faster
and efficient land and water transport.
39.Hittites These are the people who used irons and iron technology in
wars
40.Assyrians One of the most brutal empires in history; Has standardized
armies and highly efficient
41.Assur chief god of one of the most brutal groups in history, their city
was named after him
42.Nineveh It is the Capital of the Assyrian Empire where war loots and
collected taxes went
43.Assurbanipal He built the Worlds First Library containing over 22,000
clay tablets
44.Chaldeans They are also known as the Neo Babylonians that
contributed to astrology and had an alliance with the Medes
45.Nebuchadnezzar Hanging gardens of Babylon, Ziggurat of Marduk,
most famous leader of the Chaldeans
46.Cyrus the Great 547 B.C.E. He built one of the largest empires in
history: the Persian Empire
47.Babylonia the centre of science
48.Satrapy Province with government
49.Satrap He is the leader of a Satrapy
50.Persepolis The capital of Persia
51.Great Royal Road This is the longest road in his time, longest road of
the Persian Empire ; connects Sardis and Susa
52.Alexander the Great He is the reason for the fall of Persia, 331 B.C.E.
53.Zoroaster / Zarathustra He is the founder of Zoroastrianism
54.Ahura Mazda Supreme god of the Zoroastrians, creator of the universe
and pure creations
55. Spenta mainyu Ahura mazdas creative energy
56.Amesha spentas Holy immortals or archangels
57.Ahriman he is the destructive spirit causing aging, sickness, death and
poverty
58.Angra Mainyu the destructive energy, impure
59.Parsi Indian Zoroastrians
60.Cosmic Dualism Zoroastrian belief of the existence of good and evil
61.Moral Dualism Good and evil in the minds of people
62.Avesta - the collection of 21 sacred narratives including the gathas
63.Gathas Oldest collection of text in the Avesta. Zoroaster based this from
the words of Ahura Mazda

64.Fravashi It means higher soul in Zoroastrianism, also referred to as

guardian angel
65.Urvan the lesser soul
66.Gayomartan the first man Ahura Mazda created
67.Agiary It is the place of worship, also known as Fire Temple
68.Magus / Magi - Ritual experts
69.Saoshyant He is the last saviour according to the Zoroastrians
70.Dakhma Nashini Zoroastrian funeral ritual by putting the dead on top
of the tower of silence
71.Dog a holy animal / sacred animal with spiritual powers
72.Indus Valley Civilization Third oldest civilization in history
73.Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra The 3 great rivers in the Indus
Valley Civilization
74.Mohenjo-Darro Aside from Harappa, it is another great city in the Indus
Valley
75.Undeciphered Indus Script The knowledge about the IVC is not wide
because the excavation site cannot be fully excavated because of the
river. The second reason is ________.
76.Grid Pattern This is the pattern of the streets in Mohenjo-darro and
Harappa
77.Shiva Pashupati The Three-faced god
78.Shiva linga Represents the phallus in Hinduism
79.Parvati Yoni Represents the vagina in Hinduism
80.Cow Represents the Mother Goddess
81.Ghee Liquid batter used in worshipping the gods
82.Cotton Indus valley farmers were the first ones to cultivate this. It is also
the source for major trade.
83.Flat Seals The writing on __________ which are also found in
Mesopotamia; evidence of trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus
Valley
84.Aryan Invasion This theory in the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
is rejected by the scholars due to its lack of evidence and the marks on
the skulls
85.Khyber Pass The passes in the Hindu Kush Mountains and one of the
most famous mountain passes
86.Dravidians- Survivors of the First Indus Valley Civilization
87.Rajah An Aryan Tribe was led by _________.
88.Atharvaveda This Veda is the collection of spells and charms
89.Rigveda Songs and Hymns
90.Samaveda Melodies (sama)
91.Yajurveda Prayers and sacrificial rituals
92.Mantra Verses used in rituals
93.Mithra the sun god
94.Varuna The water god
95.Armati the earth god
96.Agni the fire god
97.Indra The god of lightning and thunder, a warrior god
98.Purohita The head ritual priest
99.Pantheism 1 god with many manifestations
100.
Upanishads This text contains the oral teachings, meanings and
sacrifices in the Vedas
101.
Karma Action, deed or work

102.
103.
104.
Life
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
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113.
114.
115.
116.
class
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.

Mahabharata The longest epic poem

Bhagavad gita Dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna
Purusharthas This is the collective term for The Four Goals of
Artha prosperity, wealth, material goods for survival
Kama Pleasures including sexual pleasures
Dharma Law, virtue, duty, righteousness
Moksha Liberation and emancipation from samsara
Sanskrit Oral Brahmic Scripts
Brahmins teach the Vedas
Kshatriyas warriors, protectors
Vaisyas Merchants, Middle class
Sudra serve others with meekness
Pariah / Dalits - The untouchables, impure
Candala grave diggers, disposal of corpse
Varnasramadharma The Dharma that limits you to marry ones
Dharmarajah Law abiding king, role model of kings
Mahavira- The founder of Jainism
Ahimsa it is the central belief in Jainism, meaning Nonviolence
Tirthankara A being that is so pure ; a bridge for the Jains
Jiva Living things with souls
Ajiva non-living things, home of the jiva