INTRODUCTION

TO
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
CONCEPT OF HISTORY
 What is history?
It was derived from the Greek word
“historia,” which means investigation,
inquiry, recorded knowledge of past
events.
As the study of man, his growth and
development in all aspects – political,
economic, social, cultural, and
religion.
Three Important Parts About Knowing A
Country’s History:

1.
PEOPLE

2.
LAND 3.
GOD
 The name “Philippines”
• Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro
called our nation “ Ma-yi ” , meaning Land of
gold.
• “Maniolas”- name given by Claudius Ptolemy,
a Greek mapmaker, in his ancient map.
• “Archipelago of St. Lazarus”- name given by
Magellan to our nation in 1521.
• “ Felipinas ” - a Spanish explorer named Ruy
Lopez de Villalobos gave this name in honor of
King Philip II.
 “Pearl of the Orient Seas”
• Popular nickname for the Philippines.
• This was romantic name given to our
country by two famous writers;
»Fr. Juan J. Delgado in 1751
»Dr. Jose Rizal
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF
THE PHILIPPINES
Geography of the Philippines

•Location
•Shape and size
•Neighboring countries and
surrounding bodies of water
•Terrain and Points
•Other Facts
LOCATION
- Located in Southeastern
Asia.
- It is an Archipelago made
up of more than 7,000
islands.

- Part of a Western Pacific

arc system that is
characterized by active
volcanoes .
Geographic Coordinates: 13 00 N, 122 00 E
Capital City: Manila
SHAPE AND SIZE
Shape
•Elongated
•Archipelago

Area
•115,830 square miles

Coastline
•22,549 miles

Length
•1,851 km (1,150 mi) SSE-NNW

Width
•1,062 km (660 mi) ENE-WSW

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Philippines-LOCATION-SIZE-AND-EXTENT.html
Surrounding Bodies of Water

North- Luzon Strait

West- South China Sea

East- Philippine Sea

South- Celebes Sea

Terrain and Points
-mostly mountainous
-all islands are prone to
earthquakes

Lowest Point-
Philippine Sea

Highest Point-
Mount Apo (9,691 feet)
• Climate
– Hot and Dry – March to May
– Rainy – June to October
– Cool – November to February
– Temperature :
78A0F/25A0C to
90A0F/32A0C ;humidity 77%
 ISLANDS
• Three Group of Islands:

luzon mindanao

http://www.spug.ph/luzon/images/luzon.jpg
visayas
http://photos.state.gov/galleries/manila/279945/300x234/mindanaoMap.jpg
http://www.fcarehmo.com.ph/newface/Providers/images/Visayas_With%20Name.jpg
 Eleven main Islands
1. Luzon 7. Mindoro
2. Mindanao 8. Leyte
3. Samar
9. Cebu
4. Negros
10.Bohol
5. Palawan
6. Panay 11.Masbate
 LUZON REGIONS
• I -ILOCOS REGION NCR-NATIONAL CAPITAL
• Major City: San Fernando City REGION
Major City: MANILA
• II -CAGAYAN VALLEY
• Major City: Tuguegarao City CAR-CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
• III -CENTRAL LUZON Major City: Baguio city
• Major City: San Fernando City

• IV-A (CALABARZON)
• Major City: Calamba City

• IV-B (MIMAROPA)
• Major City: Calapan City

• V -BICOL REGION
• Major City: Legaspi City
 VISAYAS REGIONS

• VI -WESTERN VISAYAS
• Major City: IloIlo City

• VII -CENTRAL VISAYAS

• Major City: Cebu City

• VIII -EASTERN VISAYAS

• Major City: Tacloban City
 MINDANAO REGIONS
• IX -WESTERN MINDANAO XII - CENTRAL MINDANAO
(ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA) (SOCCKSARGEN)
• Major City: Pagadian • Major City: Koronadal
City City

• X -NORTHERN MINDANAO • XIII - CARAGA REGION

• Major City: Cagayan • Major City: Butuan
De Oro City City

• XI -SOUTHERN MINDANAO • ARMM- AUTONOMOUS REGION

(DAVAO REGION) OF MUSLIM MINDANAO
• Major City: Davao • Major City: Cotabato
City City
 Philippine
Topography
• The Philippines has a varied
topography. It has a
coastline of 36,289 km.

• Many islands have

extensive coral reefs that
attract tourists from
everywhere.

• The larger islands have

rugged, mountainous
interiors, mostly ranges
running north to south.
 Four major Lowland Areas:
Luzon Central Plain Cagayan Valley

http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/small/22870115.jpg
https://easternseastar21.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/isabela-hills.jpg

Agusan Valley Cotabato Valley

http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/82379189.jpg http://www.imagesofasia.com/html/philippines/images/large/colabato-
valley.jpg
 Major Mountain Ranges:
Cordillera

Caraballo
VOLCANOES• There are about 221 volcanoes, 21 are
active.
• The Philippines lies on the volatile Pacific
“ Ring of Fire ” and most of the highest
mountains are volcanic in origin.
Example of
Active Volcanoes

Mt. Mayon Mt. Pinatubo

https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/12/93545563_961e5d8ac6.jpg http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/punong1/fig4a.jp
g
Philippine
• Languages
– 2 official languages: English and
Filipino
– 8 major dialects :
1.Bikol,
2. Cebuano,
3.Hiligaynon
(Ilonggo),
4.Ilocano,
5.Kapampangan,
6.Pangasinan,
7.Tagalog,
8.Waray
https://www.doh.gov.ph/population
• Languages  Religion
– 2 official languages: • 83 % Catholics
English and Filipino
• 5 % Muslim
– 8 major dialects :
• 12 % smaller Christian
1. Bikol, dominations and other
2. Cebuano, religion
3. Hiligaynon (Ilonggo),
4. Ilocano,
5. Kapampangan,
6. Pangasinan,
7. Tagalog,
8. Waray
 PREHISTORY
Theories on the Origin of the Philippines

1. The Land Bridges Theory

2. Plate Tectonics Theory
3. Sunda Shelf Theory
4. Volcanic Eruption Theory
5. Continental Drift Theory
6. The Lost-Continent Theory
 SUNDA LAND
 Implications in the Philippines
of the Sunda land:
It was believed that we are
part of mainland Asia
 Taiwan route

 Borneo route

By: Atlantis in the Java Sea, Nov 16, 2016

 Early Inhabitants
 The inhabitants of the Philippines originally
consisted of different tribes scattered
throughout its islands.
 The following are:
 Negritos

 Indonesians

 Malays

 Chinese

 Indians

 Arabs

 These tribes were generally free and were each

governed by a system of laws promulgated by
the datu or a council of elders.
 Early Inhabitants
 These tribes were divided into
three (3) groups/strata.

 1. Maharlika - Nobles
 2. Timawa - Freeman
 3. Alipin - Slaves
 Early form of Economic Life
. Hunting . Fishing
. Farming . Mining
. Weaving . Ship Building
. Barter - as way of trading with
other tribe or group of people
 Early form of Government
 Their government was called
balangay(from malay term
balanghay/hai) which was
composed of 30-100 families.

 The three important powers of

the government were vested in
one person, the datu, rajah, or
sultan.
 How laws were made?
 The chieftain made the necessary
rules with the consultation of the
elders of the balangay/barangay.
 A public announcer called
umalohokan was summoned and
ordered to go around the
barangay to announce the
promulgation of the new rules.
 KINDS OF LAWS

 CUSTOMARY- based on
customs, traditions and
beliefs.
 WRITTEN- such as the
code of kalantiao and the
code of maragtas
 Subjects dealt with the customary and
written laws

Inheritance Property rights

Divorce Family relations
Usury Adoptions
Partnership Loans
Crimes and punishment
 Kinds of major crimes

Rape Insult
Incest Tresspassing
Murder Sacrilegious act
Witchcraft Larceny
 Kinds of minor crimes
 Adultery
 Cheating
 Petty theft
 Perjury
 Disturbance of peace and order
 Destroying documents own by the
chief.
 Kinds of penalties
 Death
 Heavy fine
 Exposure to ants
 Small fine
 Flogging
 Cutting of fingers
 Swimming for a certain number of
hours
 JUDICIAL PROCESS
 Every dispute will be resolved by the
“ court ” which is composed of the
chieftain as the judge and the
barangay eleders as the jury.

Procedures
 Trials were held publicly and
decisions were rendered promptly.
 The accused and the accuser faced
each other with their respective
witnesses.
 Trial by ordeal
 It is practiced to determined the
guilt of a person. It was resorted
to in order to show that God in
his infinite wisdom always took
the side of the innocent.
 Examples of trial by ordeal
 The suspects were ordered to
place a stone in a vessel with
boiling water and compelling
them to dip their hands into
the vessel to take out the
stone. The suspect who
refused to obey the
command was regarded as
the culprit.
 The man whose hand was scalded the
most was considered the guilty one.
 The second consisted in giving lighted
candles to the suspects. The man
whose candle unfortunately died out
first was regarded as the guilty party.
 The third consisted of ordering the
suspects to plunge into the river or lake
with lances. He who came to the
surface first was considered guilty.
 Fourth Exposure to ants
 Filipino Values/Traits
 Hospitality
 Close Family Ties
 Respect for the elders
 Fatalistic
 Tendency to be indolent
 Regionalistic
 Matiisin
 Superstitious Beliefs
 Utang na Loob
 Sentimental