AGRICULTURA

L GEOGRAPHY
AGRICULTURE

Raising of animals or the growing of crops to

obtain food, for primary consumption by the
farm family or for sale off the farm.
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE
Began over 10,000 years ago.
This period was called the Agricultural
Revolution.
Prior to humans were primarily hunter-
gatherers.
 Agriculture allowed human population to
grow at unprecedented rates.
ORIGIN OF AGRICULTURE

Farming was first used in the Middle East, in a region

running from present-day Turkey to Iraq and Israel,
called the Fertile Crescent .
Barley and wild wheat were abundant and flood river
plains were used.
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Destruction of habitats
Grasslands, forests, and wetlands were replaced with farmland
Replacement of forest
Soil loss
Floods
Water shortages
SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

The production of food is primarily for the

consumption by the family.
Most commonly found LDCs (Less Developed
Countries)
TYPES OF SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE
PASTORAL NOMADISM
Located in Central and Southwest Asia and North Africa
(Dry Climates)
Based on the herding of domesticated animals instead
of planting crops.
SHIFTING CULTIVATION

 Located in Latin America, Sub Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (Tropical
Rainforests)
 Step 1. Identify the land that will be used
 Step 2. Clear the land
 Step 3. Burn the land
 Step 4. Plant crops.
 Step 5. Let the land fallow and repeat the cycle.
INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

People must produce a large amount of food with limited land and resources.
Farmers waste virtually no land, roads and paths are kept as small as possible
to leave room for crops.
INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE (WET RICE)

Located in East, South and Southeast Asia.

Most agriculture is done by hand or with the help of animals.
Double cropping: Farmers harvest twice per year from one
field.
INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
(NO WET RICE)

Located in India and Northeastern China.

Instead of rice farmers grow….
Wheat, barley, millets, oats, corn, sorghum, soybeans,
cottons, tobacco and hemp.
Crop rotation is used to avoid soil depletion.
PLANTATION FARMING

Located in Latin America, Africa and

Asia.
Owned and operated by MDCs.
Cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber,
tobacco, bananas, tea, coconuts, and
palm oil are a few of crops the
produced.
 COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE

The production of food is for

profit, the food is sold off of the
farm.
Most commonly found in MDCs.
(More Developed Countries).
TYPES OF COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
MIXED CROPS & LIVESTOCK

Located in Central Europe & the

United States.
Crops & livestock are integrated,
this spreads out the workload &
income throughout the year.
COMMERCIAL GARDENING

Located in Southeastern
United States
Location is due to large
markets of New York.
DAIRY PRODUCTION

Located in Urban areas in Northeastern

United States, Southeastern Canada &
Northeastern Europe.
GRAIN FARMING

Located primarily in United

States, Canada, China, &
India.
MEDITERRANEAN AGRICULTURE

Located in areas that are

on the west coast of
continents.
LIVESTOCK RANCHING

Originally located in Texas,

however, it has diffused
throughout the United States.
GREEN REVOLUTION

The great increase in production of food grains

(such as rice and wheat) due to introduction of
high- yielding varieties, to the used of
pesticides and to better management
technique.
GREEN REVOLUTION
1950’s – Present
 Norman Borlaug
Hybrid seeds/ Fertilizers
 Maximize output
Help others support population
 Mexico
 India
GREEN REVOLUTION
 CONS
 PROS
 Expensive seeds
 Grow faster
 Some require more fertilizer, water and
 Multiple yields (3 or 4 times greater) pesticides
 Increase of class disparities
 Increase quality of food
 Increase tolerances to disease, pests and weeds.  Health impacts from increased
 Reduction of biodiversity pesticides & fertilizers.
REFERENCES

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xa1VgjSUSfA
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xztjTlnCZiY&t=105s
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVnNyKTp1NQ
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Jv1KfTfkjg&t=213s
THANK YOU 