EXPERIMENT 1: TOTAL SOLIDS (TS)

Abdul Kadir (2010762233)

Sampling
Location

No
.

1.
Pond
2.
3.
1.
River
2.
3.
Objectives: To

Siti Mariam

Weight of
Weight of
empty
crucible +
Total Solid, g
crucible, g
solid, g
29.8150
38.1535
8.3385
32.3556
35.4596
3.104
27.4373
35.6264
8.1891
29.8240
29.9141
0.0901
32.3704
33.0109
0.6405
27.4360
27.4866
0.0506
determine the Total Solids in pond and river waters.

Results and Calculations

Observations: The samples from the pond appeared to have higher turbidity
compared to the samples from the river. After heating, the remaining residues
in the samples were visible.
Calculating the Total Solid for samples from the pond.
Pond 1
Total Solid = ([Weight of crucible + remaining solid] Weight of empty
crucible) g/ volume of sample
used, mL
= (38.1535-29.8150)g/10.0mL
= 0.8339

Discussions

EXPERIMENT 1: TOTAL SOLIDS (TS)

Abdul Kadir (2010762233)

Siti Mariam

From the experiment, the samples from the pond were expected to represent
a higher value for the Total Solid(TS). Experimentally, there were some errors
done and the results from both sampling locations are not reliable to be
compared with. During the heating of the samples from the pond, the crucible
lids were not removed to allow complete drying of the samples. Therefore,
the values of TS in the pond water are very high compared to the river water.
The category of the pond was not specified but it was an artificial pond, thus,
it works similar like the stormwater pond which acts as the runoffs collector in
the urban area. The TS in pond is much higher because in the pond, the
water circulation is lower compared to the river stream and the pollutants
load much higher in the pond (Serrano & DeLorenzo, 2008).
Even though the remaining solid in the river water are lower, the remaining
solids were still present. Some of the contributors of the total solid present in
any water bodies include the geomorpholigical (landforms and the processes
that shape them), the hydraulic characteristic of the stream, the climatic
regime

of

the

area

and

the

presence

of

vegetation

and

the

pedological(include morphology and category) conditions of the catchment

(Pavanelli & Bigi, 2005).
Conclusions
The Total Solid in the pond water is much higher compared to the TS in the
river due to several factors.

References
Pavanelli, D., & Bigi, A. (2005). Indirect Methods to Estimate Suspended
Sediment Concentration: Reliability and Relationship of Turbidity and
Settleable Solids. Biosystems Engineering, 90(1), 75-83. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.09.001
Serrano, L., & DeLorenzo, M. E. (2008). Water quality and restoration in a
coastal subdivision stormwater pond. Journal of Environmental
Management, 88(1), 43-52. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.025