Pathophysiology of Kochs Disease

(Tuberculosis)
Predisposing Factors:

Precipitating Factors:

Age
Immunosuppression
persons
o Prolonged corticosteroid therapy
Systemic Infection:
o Diabetes Mellitus
o End-stage Renal Disease
o HIV or AIDS infection

- Occupation (e.g Health Workers)

- Repeated close contact w/ infected
- Indefinite substance abuse via IV
- recurrence of infection

Exposure or inhalation of infected

Aerosol through droplet nuclei
(exposure to infected clients by coughing,
sneezing, talking)

Tubercle bacilli invasion in the apices of the

Lungs or near the pleurae of the lower lobes

Bronchopneumonia develops in the lung tissue

(Phagocytosed tubercle bacilli are ingested by macrophages)

bacterial cell wall binds with macrophages

arrest of a phagosome which results to bacilli replication

Necrotic Degeneration occurs

(production of cavities filled with cheese-like
mass of tubercle bacilli, dead WBCs, necrotic lung tissue)

drainage of necrotic materials into the

tracheobronchial tree
(eruption of coughing, formation of lesions)
PRIMARY INFECTION

Lesions may calcify (Ghons Complex)

and form scars and may heal
over a period of time

Tubercle bacilli immunity develops

(2 to 6 weeks after infection)
(maintains in the body as long as living
bacilli remains in the body)

Acquired immunity leads to further growth

Of bacilli and development of ACTIVE INFECTION

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Pulmonary Symptoms:

General Symptoms:

Dyspnea
Non-productive or productive cough
Hemoptysis (blood tinge sputum)
Chest pain that may be pleuritic or dull
and
Chest tightness
Crackles may be present on auscultation

With Medical Intervention

Early detection/ diagnosis of the dse

Multi-antibacterial therapy
Fixed- dose therapy
TB DOTS (Direct Observed Therapy)

BCG vaccination

No Recurrence

Recurrence

- Fatigue
- anorexia
- Weight loss
- low grade fever with chills
sweats (often at night)

Without Medical intervention

Reactivation of the tubercle bacilli

(Due to repeated exposure to infected
Individuals, Immunosuppression)
SECONDARY INFECTION

Severe occurrence of lesions in the lungs

Cavitation in the lungs occurs

Good Prognosis

Bad Prognosis
Active infection is spread throughout
the body systems
(infiltration of tubercle bacilli in other organs)

INFECTION

TB of the Bones
Potts Disease
Renal TB

SEVERE OCCURRENCE OF
Client becomes clinically ill

BAD PROGNOSIS

DEATH