Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Robert Joyce
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
WCDMA Basics
Frequency Reuse
Scrambling Codes
Signal Strength/Quality Measurements in WCDMA
Soft/Softer Handover
Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbours
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
UK 3G Spectrum Allocations
Licence
A
B
C
D
E
FDD Uplink
Operator From (MHz) To (MHz)
Hutchison 3G
1920.0
1934.9
Vodafone
1944.9
1959.7
O2
1934.9
1944.9
T-Mobile
1959.7
1969.7
Orange
1969.7
1979.7
TDD
1910 1920
1905 1915
FDD Downlink
TDD
From (MHz) To (MHz) From (MHz) To (MHz)
2110.3
2124.9
1914.9
1920.0
2134.9
2149.7
N/A
N/A
2124.9
2134.9
1909.9
1914.9
2149.7
2159.7
1899.9
1904.9
2159.7
2169.7
1904.9
1909.9
FDD Uplink
1935
1945
1960
Total (MHz)
2x15 + 5 = 35
2x14.8 = 29.6
2x10 + 5 = 25
2x10 + 5 = 25
2x10 + 5 = 25
FDD Downlink
1970 19802110
2125
2135
2150
Licence A - Hutchison 3G
Licence D - T-Mobile
Licence B - Vodafone
Licence E - Orange
2160
Licence C - O2
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Frequency Reuse
Initially operators have been launching with just a single carrier
Vodafone NZ Network will initially be FDD only
Vodafone will launch using only the FDD carrier (F1 =10588)
All launch cells will use F1 & therefore Vodafone NZs 3G network
FDD Uplink
Frequency
UARFCN
(MHz)
F1
9638
1927.6
F2
F3
FDD Downlink F1
F2
F3
10588
2117.6
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
every cell
It carries no information and can be thought of as a beacon
3G Coverage Measurements
The majority of 3G coverage measurements are based upon
cell.
Initial 3G network optimisation will be performed purely from CPICH
measurements
Three key related measurements for 3G optimisation are
Ec
Io
Ec/Io
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Io
Ec1
Ec2
Ec1
Ec2
From the previous two measures we can calculate a signal quality for
Example
Ec/Io1=-5dB
Ec/Io2 =-10dB
Io=-80dBm
From the above three measurements we can calculate for each pilot
the Ec level for that particular pilot
Ec1 = -80 - 5 = -85dBm
Ec2 = -80 - 10 = -90dBm
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Ec/Io measurements
It is these measurements that are used for cover analysis and basic
optimisation
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
3G Scanners
Many types of 3G scanners on the market
From experience the Anritsu scanner is the better of the all three with
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Handovers in WCDMA
Various handover types exist in WCDMA
Those between WCDMA sites (intra-system HO)
Those between WCDMA and GSM (inter-system HO)
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
For both softer and soft it is the Ec/Io levels used to determine whether
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
3G
2G
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Optimisation Basics
Coverage Optimisation
Neighbour Optimisation
Pilot Pollution Optimisation
SHO Optimisation
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Coverage Optimisation
As with 2G if the coverage is inadequate then the call quality will be
inadequate
Therefore this first stage in 3G optimisation is ensuring adequate
coverage
Link budgets should be used to determine both the planning targets
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Coverage Optimisation
Given below are example target drive survey Ec levels for the
different 3G services
Service
12.2k Speech
64k CSD
64k PSD
64k CSD Videophone
144k CSD
144k PSD
384k CSD
384k PSD
Dense Urban
Deep Indoor - 95%
-71.0
-72.0
-73.0
-71.0
-69.0
-70.0
-65.0
-66.0
Urban/Suburban
Deep Indoor - 95%
-81.0
-82.0
-82.0
-80.0
-79.0
-79.0
-75.0
-76.0
Environment
Rail
Indoor Window - 95%
-88.0
-90.0
-90.0
-88.0
-86.0
-87.0
-84.0
-84.0
Road
Indoor Window - 95%
-95.0
-96.0
-97.0
-94.0
-93.0
-94.0
-90.0
-90.0
Rural
Outdoor - 90%
-102.0
-103.0
-103.0
-101.0
-100.0
-100.0
-95.0
-96.0
Indoor
95%
-102.0
-102.0
-103.0
-101.0
-99.0
-100.0
-95.0
-96.0
These levels are the levels that should be achieved at the roof of the
vehicle
If these levels are not achieved then inbuilding coverage will be poor
Further optimisation with lower coverage levels is very difficult
Solutions: Downtilt, Azimuth, New Site
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Neighbour Optimisation
Missing Neighbours was and still is the biggest cause of poor
neighbours.
It is therefore essential that the initial neighbour list is thorough, ideally
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
3G cells with the best 2G cells for every sample along the drive
survey.
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
a voice call
The higher the data rate the more susceptible the service is to pilot
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Voice
PS64
-15
PS128
-13
PS384
-13
-9.5
Even with good Ec levels, some areas will never provide reliable
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Required EcIo
40%
20%
-19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10
-9
-8
-7
0%
-6 -5
-20%
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
300
-14
250
200
Mean DL Application Throughput
150
100
50
0
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
on a map
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Handover Optimisation
Softer, Soft, Inter-frequency & system HOs have all been optimised on
UTRAN parameters .
Instead initial HO optimisation will involve studying how much HO occurs
azimuth changes
Solution: 3G Scanner Survey, Analysis, Downtilt and Azimuth
changes
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Optimisation Basics
Coverage Optimisation
Neighbour Optimisation
Pilot Pollution Optimisation
SHO Optimisation
Everything is based around Ec/Io, to improve this we need to
complete
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Optimisation Process
flowcharts agreed between
Aircom/Nokia and
Vodafone New Zealand
CDF file
obtainable ?
A.1
No
A.2
Yes
A.3
Yes
Yes
Check with Nokia
Opt manager
Yes
A.6
High cell
availability ?
No
Yes
Drive test starts
No
A.7
Yes
A.8
No
A.9
A.11
A.12
No
Yes
Yes
OMC works on
solving the alarm
A.13
No
Stage 1
A.14
completed?
OMC works on
Increasing cell
availability
Yes
Is the problem
A.16
solved ?
Yes
A.15
No
Is the problem
A.18
solved ?
No
No
Stage 2
A.20
completed?
Postpone the drive test A.19
to next day or until
Problem solved
Yes
Stage 3
A.23
completed?
No
Yes
KPI measurement
and reporting
January 2005
A.24
Optimisation Process
flowcharts agreed between
Aircom/Nokia and
Vodafone New Zealand
Stage 1 & 2 cover the
basic RF Optimisation
steps described earlier
Yes
Drive test starts
Stage 1
completed?
No
A.14
Yes
A.17
Optimization Stage 2
(Optimize Neighbour list)
completed is it worth
moving onto Stage 3 Call
Performance Optimisation
A.8
No
Stage 2
completed?
A.20
Yes
A.22
Optimization Stage 3
(Optimize Call Performance)
Stage 3
completed?
No
A.23
Yes
KPI measurement
A.24
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
in-call KPIs
The Vodafone RF KPIs are very simple and concise but focus on the
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Vodafone RF KPIs
The RF targets are defined in terms of: RSCP of the Common Pilot Channel
# _ Bins _ 1 _ Cell _ in _ Active_ Set 1+# _ Bins _ 2 _ Cells_ in _ Active_ Set 2+# _ Bins _ 3 _ Cells_ in _ Active_ Set 3
# _ Bins _ 1 _ Cell _ in _ Active_ Set+# _ Bins _ 2 _ Cells_ in _ Active_ Set+# _ Bins _ 3 _ Cells_ in _ Active_ Set
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
RF Optimisation
Basic RF analysis checking the following
Coverage Optimisation
Neighbour Optimisation
Pilot Pollution Optimisation
SHO Optimisation.
First stage is to run the KPI reports, then follows this with more
detailed analysis.
If the route meets the RF KPIs theres no point doing further analysis
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
accurate !!!
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Neighbour Optimisation
If downtilts are to be made to any sectors, then additional neighbours
should not be added to/or for these cells as they may not be
necessary after downtilts
Actix should be used to generate Missing Neighbour Report from
Scanner data
Remember until the cluster is complete, additional neighbours will
come and go
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
sc
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
neighbour
9
232
496
344
154
386
10
362
145
114
256
488
360
376
346
50
218
490
66
152
48
378
401
8
362
10
count
165
52
40
34
18
12
11
11
10
8
5
5
4
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
114
37
10
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
SHO Analysis
KPI report will indicate % of route in SHO
Aim for SHO < 40%
Run RE SHO query to display areas on a map - is this due to distant
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
undertaken
In call analysis will also pick up
Coverage Problems
Pilot Pollution Problems
Missing Neighbours
SHO problems
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
January 2005
AIRCOM International 2005
Process Summary
Stage 0 Cluster Preparation - plots, site checks, neighbour checks
etc.
Stage 1&2 RF optimisation, Ec, Ec/Io, Missing Neighbours, SHO
Area
Stage 3 In Call Analysis (Speech, Video, PS, ISHO etc) will be the