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I. Pin in ha
1. Cu to v hot ng
- Kim loi mnh lm in cc m (anot) v b n mn.
- Kim loi c tnh kh yu hn c bo v.
- Cu mui c tc dng trung ha dung dch
2. Tnh sut in ng ca pin in ha
Epin = Ecatot Eanot = Emax - Emin
II. n mn kim loi
S n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng xung
quanh. l mt qu trnh ho hc hoc qu trnh in ho trong kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng.
M Mn+ + ne
C hai kiu n mn kim loi l n mn ho hc v n mn in ho.
1. n mn ho hc
n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho - kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc
cht trong mi trng.
My mc dng trong cc nh my ho cht, nhng thit b ca l t, ni hi, cc chi tit ca ng c t
trong b n mn do tc dng trc tip vi cc ho cht hoc vi hi nc nhit cao. Nhit cng cao,
kim loi b n mn cng nhanh.
2. n mn in ho
n mn in ho l qu trnh oxi ho - kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc
dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m
n cc dng.
a) Th nghim n mn in ho
Nhng thanh km v thanh ng khng tip xc vi nhau vo cc ng dung dch
H2SO4 long. Ni thanh km vi thanh ng bng dy dn cho i qua mt vn k.
Kim vn k quay, chng t c dng in chy qua. Thanh Zn b mn dn, thanh
Cu c bt kh thot ra.
Gii thch : in cc m (anot), km b n mn theo phn ng :
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Ion Zn2+ i vo dung dch, cn electron theo dy dn sang in cc ng.
in cc dng (catot), ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 nhn electron bin thnh nguyn t H ri thnh phn t
H2 thot ra :
2H+ + 2e H2
b) C ch n mn in ha st (hp kim st trong khng kh m)
Ly s n mn st lm th d. Trong khng kh m, trn b mt ca st
lun c mt lp nc rt mng ho tan O2 v kh CO2 trong kh
quyn, to thnh mt dung dch cht in li. St v cc tp cht (ch yu
l cacbon) cng tip xc vi dung dch to nn v s pin rt nh m
st l anot v cacbon l catot.
Ti anot, st b oxi ho thnh ion Fe2+ : Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Cc electron c gii phng chuyn dch n catot.
Ti vng catt, O2 ho tan trong nc b kh thnh ion hiroxit : O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
Cc ion Fe2+ di chuyn t vng anot qua dung dch in li n vng catot v kt hp vi ion OH to thnh
st (II) hiroxit. St(II) hiroxit tip tc b oxi ho bi oxi ca khng kh thnh st (III) hiroxit, cht ny li
phn hu thnh st II oxit.
G st mu nu, c thnh phn chnh l Fe2O3.xH2O.
c) iu kin xy ra s n mn in ho
Cc in cc phi khc cht nhau, c th l cp 2 kim loi khc nhau hoc cp kim loi vi phi kim.
Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn.