Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Faculty Of Engineering
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
BILL OF QUANTITIES
What Is
BQ?
BQ
Preparation
BQ Format,
Description,
Content
BQ in
Engineering
TRADITIONAL METHODS
Client engages Architect
and Engineers to design
QS prepares BQ & Compiles Tender Document
Design
Contractor constructs
Construction
Sequential
Tender Exercise
What Is A Tender ?
A tender or a bid is an offer made by a
contractor to do certain work for a price,
stated in the form of tender and given
in detail in a priced Bill of Quantities.
What Is BQ?
Quality
BQ Preparation
BQ Preparation - Development
Taking Off
Abstracting
Squaring
Process is very
lengthy and tedious
Working Up
BQ Preparation - Development
Measurement of quantities
DIMENSION
PAPER
DRAWINGS
Taking Off
Squaring
BILLING
PAPER
Direct
Billing
BILL OF
QUANTITIES
(BQ)
BQ Format, Descriptions,
Content
BQ Format
Measured work needs to be arranged in a sequence
that is recognised by the industry and can be easily
understood and priced by the contractor
Elemental Bills
Trade Bills
Annotated Bills
Most Common
Operational Bills
Activity Bills
BQ Format
Elemental Bills
Widely used in Malaysia in private consultancy firm and
government departments.
Elemental Bills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Piling works
Work below lowest floor
Frame
Upper Floors
Roof
Staircases
External Walls
Windows and External Doors
Internal Walls and Partitions
Internal Doors
Internal Wall Finishes
Internal Floor Finishes
Internal Ceiling Finishes
External Finishes
Fittings and Furnishings
Sanitary Appliances
Plumbing Installation
Elemental Bills
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Refuse Disposal
Air Conditioning and Ventilation System
Electrical Installation
Fire Protection Installation
Lift and Conveyor Installation
Communication Installation
Specialised Installation
Profit and Attendance on Services
Builders Work in Connection with Services
Site Work
Drainage
External Services
Ancillary Buildings
Recreational Facilities
BQ Format
Trade Bills
Works measured in trade formats not popular as
subsequent preparation of bills of quantities is difficult if the
format is not in trade formats.
Trade Bills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Excavator
Concretor
Bricklayer
Drainlayer
Asphalter
Pavior
Mason
Roofer
Carpenter
Joiner
Steel and Ironworker
Plasterer
Plumber
Heating and Ventilating Engineer
Electrician
Glazier
Painter
BQ Descriptions
A good and concise description is essential for proper pricing.
The essential ingredients of a good description are as follows:
BQ Content
Bill of quantities must contain the basic information presented
in format that is easily understood
Preliminaries
Explains type and scope of works, clients needs, temporary site
facilities and other items affecting the implementation of the works.
IItems involved need not be measured but need to be described in
details and the contractor will have to price the items that will affect
the cost of the works in a lump sum figure. Items in this section will
not be incorporated into the works but are essential for the
completion of the works.
Specifications
Describe the quality of materials and workmanship of the works,
usually not practical to be presented in the drawings; including other
information necessary for the contractor to price the BQ.
BQ Content
Measured Quantities
Measured quantities are produced from the measurement of all the
works measurable based on the approved Standard Method of
Measurement document. These quantities shall be measured as
accurately as possible so that no parties will make a loss during the
implementation of works.
Provisional Quantities
Provisional quantities are produced similarly as above but it is for
works which cannot be accurately measured at the time of
preparation of bill of quantities. This situation happens due to
incomplete information of work or in cases whereby the extent of
work cannot be fully determined until the work is completed. Such
work will be subjected to remeasurement after the works has been
carried out.
BQ Content
Prime Cost Sum
Prime cost sum is included for work or services to be executed by a
nominated sub-contractor, a government or a statutory authority or
for material or goods to be supplied by a nominated supplier. Such
sum excludes the profit and attendance of the main contractor, of
which provision are made in the document for such inclusion by the
contractor.
Provisional Sum
Provisional sum is included for work or for costs that cannot be
entirely defined or detailed at the time the bill of quantities are
prepared.
Contingency Sum
Contingency sum is a sum allocated for any unforeseen work that
cannot be determined at the time of bill of quantities preparation. It
will be a saving to the client if such contingency sum is not expended
due to no unforeseen work.
BQ In Engineering
Loss of productivity
Delays
SMM 2
CESMM
Uniform basis,
standardise references,
embodies good practices
Efficient
Competitive
Productive
BQ In Engineering
Rare for a civil engineering project to be
fully designed and detailed during the pretender stage due to its nature.
BQ In Engineering
Main Differences Between CESMM And SMM2
Codifications
Method Related Charges
Work Classifications