Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1111-21 C;lllll)
Gun in Russia
Silver Collection
* IlU551ANBDDk!i*
MOTOR
RePrint 2002
BM-21"GRAD"
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P-032
BM-21"Grad"
Design office 203 made the /auncher; Research institute 6 - so/id-rocket shelIs; De-
sign office 47 -
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RussianMotorBook
XapaKTepMCTMKM
Gunsin Russia
BM-21
liGRADli
RSI-12M)
was 20,45
kg,
ot shel/s spread
over hundreds ot meters. That is why wel/aimed shooting trom launchers ot vol/ey tiring
over open sights ot tanks, that we may often
observe in movies, should be left on the conscience ot highly titled military consultants.
On the basis ot shell 9M22 (preserving
its
engine and ballistics) in 1963, special splintergas shell 9M23 "Leyka" was created, which
warhead contained 1,4-1,8 kg ot blasting
powder and 2,9-3,1 kg ot Poisoning substances. Shell 9M23 was equipped with radiolocating tuse which worked at altitude specitied 'in advance, in the range trom 1 to 30m;
air shot appreciably widened hitting zone ot
grit and Poisoning substances. Range with radio-Iocating tuse shortened alittle
km to 18,8 km).
(trom 20,4
High-explosive
shelIs
'H
ot
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Tactics ot "Grad" application was also ditterenI. For example, in 1975-76 in Angola the
war was ot maneuvers character and there
was no al/-round
troops and Cuban volunteers used only detachment-columned movement edging though
tew roads. Large-scale encircling maneuvers
were not conducted - there were in general
battles
ot hostile columns
moving
towards
Gunsin Russia
RussianMotorBook
10
BM-21"GRAD"
ot enemy troops during encounter attacks in
Angola was a perlect objective. On the contrary, in Atghanistan tiring was most often on
areas including
~
settlements.
..laJ',
:l~'!;
over
open
sights.
Palestinian
guerillas
in
Lebanon used the tactics ot migrant launchers ot volley tire: blow on the Israelites was
delivered by only one launcher BM-21, which
i~
de-
r:r ..~~-~
.,.
......
In 1970-80s
in Arab states artiIIery part ot
"Grad" was installed on different chassis trom
the Soviet automobiles ZIL-131 to the Japanese ISUZU reducing quantity ot tubes to 30.
At the end ot the 80s in the USSR on the basis ot "Grad" a new system "Prima" was created. Quantity ot 122-mm tubes was increased
to 50. Automobile "Ural-4320" was taken as
chassis. Period ot the tuli volley ot "Prima"
amounted 30 s. Untortunately, because ot the
tinancial strait ot the beginning ot the 90s
"Prima" was not taken into repetition work.
During the Vietnamese war at the request
ot the govemment ot the Democratic Republic
ot Vietnam there was created handheld
launcher
unit ot tire consisted ot several shelIs including 9M22M with range ot 11 km. Some hundreds ot such launchers were supplied to Vietnam where they were widely adopted. Especially effectively "Grad-P" acted on the
American aerodromes in Southem Vietnam.
In 1970-90s tundamentally new sampies ot
ammunition were created tor "Grad".
RussianMotorBook
Gunsin Russia
BM-21
11
liGRADli
Among them:
- missile for arrangement of antipersonne/
mine obstac/es,
part weighing 21,6 kg contains five antipersonne/ high-exp/osive mines POM-2 weighing
1,7 kg, each of them containing 0,13 kg of exp/osive. Maximum
missi/e
for arrangement
of anti-tank
hit/ing of armored
military
be/ow
equipment
from
under
the
smoke
missile
weighing
66 kg with
:,
.
~
f ._~
of hit/ing objectives
with
of the time-fuse
exp/osion
Gunsin Russia
RussianMotorBook
12
BM-21"GRAD"
and in 1955 its ship variant production began.
Ship system got the name "Grad-M" and index A-215. It includes launcher MS-73, tiring
eon troI devices "Groza-1171" and distancemeasuring
vision device
tinder. Package with 40 guides was completely unitied with anny tighting machine BM21. Ship test ot A-215 system ere held on the
Baltic sea trom March, 20 till May, 7, 1972 on
a big landing ship BOK-104 pr. 1171. Test revealed a number ot design detects in ignition
and pointing
Ural-375
Basic
performancecharacteristics:
2870mm;
length
shellweight
66 kg;
6,4 kg
shellweighl
headpartweight
weighlot chargeot missile
rangeottiring
56,5kg,
21kg,
14kg,
1,5-15km
with the
same overall-weight and dynamie characteristics is destined tor creation ot radio noise
in SW and VHF ranges ot radio communication with the aim ot disorganization ot the enemy controI system in tactical section by
means ot rejection ot radio circuits, troops
and weapons controI units, ground points ot
intormation handling.
ShelIs have head part with transmitter
032 ot noise-detennined letter.
R-
Basicperformancecharacteristics:
shellweighl
length
RussianMotorBook
66kg,
3025mm,
Gunsin Russia
BM-21
13
liGRADIO
rangeottiring
rangeotworkingtrequencies
continuous
workingtime
rangeot receiverR-032
4.5-18.5km.
1.5-120MHz.
60 min.
700m.
.~
,
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11.lI~
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shellweight
57.7kg.
headpartweight
22.8kg.
length
3019mm.
rangeottiring
13,4km.
numberot mines
3.
mineweight
5 kg.
mineblastingpowderweight
1.85kg.
timeotselt-destruction
16-24.
Anti-tank mines provide hitting of military
equipment from be/ow under the who/e projection owing to app/ication of non-contact
fuse and charge of directive effect possessing
high armor strike-through.
/t is a/so possib/e to fire with gas-shells
9M21. smoke missiles weighing 66 kg to the
distance up to 20,6 km, as well as with star
shelIs, /ighting on the area round of 1000 m
across diameter from the height of 450-500 m
during 90 s.
Performancecharacteristics
Guns in Russia
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