Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design PE
Design PE
contents
Pipe Selection
Pipe Dimensions
Temperature Influences
Service Lifetimes
E Modulus
10
10
Hydraulic Design
11
13
15
Resistance Coefficients
16
17-26
Flow Charts
Surge and Fatigue
27
Celerity
28
Slurry Flow
29
Pipe Wear
30
31
Fittings
31
Pneumatic Flow
32
System Design Guidelines for the Selection of Vinidexair Compressed Air Pipelines
33
35
36
Trench Design
37
38
39
40
41
Vibration
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Heat Sources
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43
43
43
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.1
Limitation of Liability
This manual has been compiled by Vinidex Pty
Limited (the Company) to promote better
understanding of the technical aspects of the
Companys products to assist users in obtaining
from them the best possible performance.
The manual is supplied subject to
acknowledgement of the following conditions:
The manual is protected by Copyright and may
not be copied or reproduced in any form or by
any means in whole or in part without prior
consent in writing by the Company.
Product specifications, usage data and advisory
information may change from time to time with
advances in research and field experience. The
Company reserves the right to make such
changes at any time without notice.
Correct usage of the Companys products
involves engineering judgements which cannot
be properly made without full knowledge of all
the conditions pertaining to each specific
installation. The Company expressly disclaims
all and any liability to any person whether
supplied with this publication or not in respect
of anything and of the consequences of anything
done or omitted to be done by any such person
in reliance whether whole or partial upon the
whole or any part of the contents of this
publication.
No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading,
are expressed or implied by the issue of content
of this manual. Nothing herein shall override the
Companys Conditions of Sale, which may be
obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales
Office of the Company.
This manual is and shall remain the property of
the Company, and shall be surrendered on
demand to the Company.
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Design.2
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Pipe Selection
SDR
41
33
26
21
17
PE80
PN3.2
PN4
PN6.3
PN8
PE100
PN4
PN6.3
PN8
13.6
11
7.4
PN20
PN20
PN25
Notes:
PE
Long term rupture stress at 20C (MPa x 10) to which a minimum design factor
is applied to obtain the 20C hydrostatic design hoop stress.
PN
Outside Diameter
SDR =
Wall Thickness
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PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.3
Design.4
400
355
315
280
250
225
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676
858
953
22.0
24.5
600
15.4
762
534
13.7
17.4
476
12.3
19.6
429
11.0
30.6
27.6
24.5
21.8
19.3
17.2
15.3
13.8
12.3
10.9
9.7
8.6
7.7
6.9
6.2
5.5
4.9
4.3
3.9
940
846
752
667
592
526
470
422
376
333
296
263
235
211
188
169
150
131
117
103
38.2
34.4
30.6
27.2
24.1
21.4
19.1
17.2
15.3
13.6
12.1
10.7
9.6
8.6
7.7
6.9
6.2
5.4
4.8
4.3
3.5
2.9
2.4
2.0
1.6
1.6
17
924
831
739
656
582
518
462
415
370
328
290
258
230
207
184
166
148
129
115
101
83
69
58
46
37
29
22
1.6
47.7
42.9
38.1
33.9
30.0
26.7
23.9
21.5
19.1
16.9
15.0
13.4
11.9
10.8
9.6
8.6
7.7
6.7
6.0
5.3
4.3
3.6
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.6
1.6
17
904
814
723
641
570
506
452
406
362
320
285
253
225
203
180
163
144
126
113
99
81
67
57
45
36
29
22
1.6
59.3
53.5
47.4
42.1
37.3
33.2
29.6
26.7
23.7
21.1
18.7
16.6
14.8
13.4
11.9
10.7
9.5
8.3
7.4
6.6
5.4
4.5
3.8
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.6
1000
900
800
710
630
560
500
450
300
7.7
338
267
6.9
380
238
6.2
8.7
215
5.5
9.8
171
190
152
4.0
4.4
133
3.5
4.9
119
3.1
3.4
84
70
59
47
37
29
1.6
1.6
21
SDR
Mean Min. Wall
I.D. Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
13
1.6
880
791
704
624
554
494
440
395
351
311
278
246
219
198
175
158
140
123
110
96
78
66
55
44
35
28
22
17
17
679
603
535
475
424
382
340
301
268
238
212
191
170
153
136
118
106
93
76
63
53
42
34
27
21
1.9
57.2
50.8
45.4
40.9
36.3
32.2
28.6
25.4
22.7
20.5
18.2
16.4
14.6
12.7
11.4
10.0
8.2
6.8
5.8
4.6
3.7
2.9
2.3
512
455
407
366
326
289
256
228
203
183
162
145
130
114
101
89
73
61
51
40
32
26
20
16
55.8
50.2
44.7
39.6
35.2
31.3
27.9
25.1
22.4
20.1
17.9
15.7
14.0
12.3
10.1
8.4
7.1
5.6
4.5
3.6
2.8
2.3
11
SDR
Mean Min. Wall
I.D. Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
13
1.8
ID internal diameter
58.8
52.2
46.3
41.2
36.8
33.1
29.4
26.1
23.2
20.6
18.4
16.6
14.7
13.3
11.8
10.3
9.2
8.1
6.6
5.5
4.7
3.7
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.6
17
SDR 13.6
SDR
Mean Min. Wall Mean Min. Wall
I.D. Thickness I.D. Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
13
1.6
13
1.6
384
347
307
273
242
215
192
173
154
138
123
108
96
84
69
58
48
38
31
24
19
15
61.5
54.6
48.5
43.0
38.3
34.2
30.8
27.3
24.6
21.9
19.2
17.1
15.1
12.3
10.3
8.6
6.9
5.5
4.4
3.5
2.8
322
287
255
226
200
179
161
143
128
114
99
89
78
65
53
45
35
28
23
18
14
9
SDR 7.4
Mean Min. Wall Mean
I.D. Thickness I.D.
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
12
2.2
11
200
180
160
105
2.7
2.8
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.6
17
22
26
SDR
Mean Min. Wall
I.D. Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
13
1.6
140
125
110
71
60
1.6
86
47
1.6
1.9
37
1.6
2.2
29
1.6
1.6
1.6
33
SDR
Mean Min. Wall
I.D. Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
13
1.6
90
75
63
17
22
1.6
1.6
41
SDR
Mean Min. Wall
I.D. Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
13
1.6
50
40
32
25
20
SDR
Nominal
Size Min. Wall
DN Thickness
(mm)
16
1.6
Polyethylene Pipe Dimensions (based on AS/NZS 4130-1997, Polyethylene pipes for pressure applications.)
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Allowable
Operating Pressure
Material Designation
PD
2S + P
(mm)
PE63
5.0
6.3
PE80
6.3
8.0
PE100
8.0
10.0
S=
MRS
F
(MPa)
Maximum Allowable
Operating Pressure
MAOP =
PN x 0.125
F
where
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PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.5
Water Supply
1.25
Natural Gas
2.0
Compressed Air
2.0
LPG
2.2
PN x 0.125
MAOP =
F
PN 3.2
MPa
0.32
Head Metres
32
PN 4
0.40
40
PN 6.3
0.63
63
PN 8
0.80
80
PN 10
1.00
100
PN 12.5
1.25
125
PN 16
1.60
160
PN 20
2.00
200
PN 25
2.50
250
Conditions
Fluid type
Natural Gas
Design Factor
20C
LPG
Pipe Form
2.2
Straight length
f1
Coils
Soil Temperature (Av. C)
Designation
F = f0 x f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5
1.0
1.2
f2
1.2
0 < t < 20
1.0
20 < t < 30
1.1
30 < t < 35
1.3
Distribution
f3
Transport
1.0
0.9
f4
1.0
f5
0.9
2.0
1.05
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.05
1.20
Note: Where factor values are not listed, consult with Vinidex engineers for
recommendations.
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Design.6
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
d
Temperature
Influences
The physical properties of Vinidex PE
pipes are related to a standard reference
temperature of 20C. Where physical
property values are quoted to ISO and
DIN Standard test methods, these are for
the 20C condition, unless otherwise
quoted. Wherever PE pipelines operate at
elevated temperatures, the pressure
ratings (PN) must be revised.
The temperature to be considered for the
re rating is the pipe material service
temperature, and the actual operating
conditions for each specific installation
must be evaluated.
For long length installations a
temperature gradient will exist along the
length of the pipe line. This gradient will
be dependent upon site conditions, and
the fluid being carried will approach the
ambient temperature of the surrounds.
The rate of temperature loss will be
determined by inlet temperature, fluid
flow rate, soil conductivity, ambient
temperature and depth of burial. As
these factors are specific to each
installation, the temperature gradient
calculations are complex and in order to
assist the designer, Vinidex have
developed computer software to predict
the temperature gradient along the
pipeline.
This is available on request to Vinidex
design engineers.
Service Lifetimes
Note:
* Plastics pipes and fittings pressure
reduction factors for polyethylene
pipeline systems for use at
temperatures above 20C.
** Plastics piping and ducting systems
determination of long-term
hydrostatic strength of
thermoplastics materials in pipe form
by extrapolation.
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PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.7
Example
Pressure/Temperature/Time Relationship
Determine
Material
Class of pipe
3. Determine Life
Life
Steps
1. Assume a material
0.625
= 0.026 = 2.6%
24
Total time at 35C
= 9 x 365 x 15 = 49275h = 5.625y.
From the table, Lmin for 35C is 100 years,
therefore proportion of time used is:
5.625
= 0.056 = 5.6%
100
Total proportion is 8.2% of life used in
15 years (6.25 years actual operation).
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Design.8
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Extrapolation
Temp Limit
PN 3.2
C
Years
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
200
100
100
100
100
60
36
24
12
8
5
2
2
32
30
28
26
24
22
21
19
18
17
16
14
13
63
59
55
50
47
44
41
38
35
33
31
28
26
80
75
70
64
60
56
52
48
45
42
39
36
33
100
94
88
80
75
70
65
60
56
53
49
45
41
125
117
109
100
94
88
81
75
70
66
61
56
52
160
150
140
128
120
112
104
96
90
84
78
72
66
PN20
200
188
175
160
150
140
130
120
113
105
98
90
83
PE80C
Extrapolation
Temp Limit
PN 3.2
C
Years
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
50
30
18
12
6
32
29
26
23
20
18
63
57
51
46
39
35
80
72
65
58
50
45
100
90
81
73
63
56
125
113
102
91
78
70
160
144
130
116
100
90
PN20
200
180
163
145
125
113
PE100
Extrapolation
Temp Limit
PN 3.2
C
Years
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
200
100
100
100
100
60
36
24
12
8
5
2
2
32
30
28
26
24
22
21
19
18
17
16
14
13
63
59
55
50
47
44
41
38
35
33
31
28
26
80
75
70
64
60
56
52
48
45
42
39
36
33
100
94
88
80
75
70
65
60
56
53
49
45
41
125
117
109
100
94
88
81
75
70
66
61
56
52
160
150
140
128
120
112
104
96
90
84
78
72
66
PN20
PN25
200
188
175
160
150
140
130
120
113
105
98
90
83
250
233
218
200
185
175
163
150
140
130
120
113
105
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PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.9
E Modulus
PE 80B
Temp C
3 min
1h
5h
24h
1y
20y
50y
0
20
40
60
1050
700
530
400
830
550
410
300
740
490
370
280
650
430
320
250
410
270
200
160
320
215
160
-
300
200
150
-
PE 80C
Selection of Wall
Thickness for
Special
Applications
Temp C
3 min
1h
5h
24h
1y
20y
50y
0
20
40
60
1080
750
470
210
850
590
370
170
740
520
320
150
660
460
290
130
400
280
180
80
320
220
140
-
300
205
130
-
PE 100
Temp C
3 min
1h
5h
24h
1y
20y
50y
0
20
40
60
1380
950
700
530
1080
750
550
420
950
660
490
370
830
580
430
320
520
360
270
200
410
280
210
-
380
260
190
-
t =
P.DN
2.S + P
Example
where
= 900kPa
DN
= 630
(mm)
MRS = 10 (PE100)
(MPa)
= 1.25
10
1.25
0.9 x 630
= 33.6mm
16 + 0.9
S =
MRS
F
where
F = design factor,
typically 1.25 for water
(mm)
= 0.9MPa
= 8.0MPa
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Design.10
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Colebrook - White
Hydraulic Design
Design Basis
Vinidex Polyethylene (PE) pipes offer
advantages to the designer due to the
smooth internal bores which are
maintained over the working lifetime of
the pipelines. The surface energy
characteristics of PE inhibit the build up
of deposits on the internal pipe surfaces
thereby retaining the maximum bore
dimensions and flow capacities.
The flow charts presented in this section
relate the combinations of pipe
diameters, flow velocities and head loss
with discharge of water in PE pipelines.
These charts have been developed for
the flow of water through the pipes.
Where fluids other than water are being
considered, the charts may not be
applicable due to the flow properties of
these different fluids. In these cases the
advice of Vinidex engineers should be
obtained.
There are a number of flow formulae in
common use which have either a
theoretical or empirical background.
However, only the Hazen-Williams and
Colebrook-White formulae are
considered in this section.
64
R
where
f =
and
= discharge (litres/second)
fLv2
D 2g
where
H=
1/ 2
k
2.51
= 2 log10
+ 1/ 2
3
7
D
.
Rf
where
Hazen - Williams
k = Colebrook-White roughness
coefficient (m)
= 0.007 mm
where
C1 = Hazen-Williams roughness
coefficient
r
= hydraulic gradient
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PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.11
Flow Variations
Worked Example
Water Temperature
The charts are based on a water
temperature of 20C. A water
temperature increase above this value,
results in a decrease in viscosity of the
water, with a corresponding increase in
discharge ( or reduced head loss )
through the pipeline.
An allowance of approximately 1%
increase in the water discharge must be
made for each 3C increase in
temperature above 20C. Similarly, a
decrease of approximately 1% in
discharge occurs for each 3C step
below 20C water temperature.
where
K=
V=
2 m/s
g=
9.81 m/s
H=
0.35 22
2 9.81
where
Pipe Dimensions
Surface Roughness
V2
H = K
2g
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Design.12
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Flow Chart
Worked Examples
Example 1 - Gravity Main
4,500m of
Vinidex PE Pipe
Discharge
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PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.13
Velocity Head =
=
= 30 + 25 + 1.2 = 56.2 m
v2
2g
allow 57 m.
Note: The example does not make any
provision for surge allowance in
pressure class selection.
1.02
= 0.05
2 x 9.81
Fitting
Form
Factor K
Foot valve
15.0
15 x 0.05 = 0.75
Gate valve
0.2
Reflux valve
2.5
90 elbow
1.1
45 elbow
PE80 Option
1. Static head
= 100 - 70 = 30 m
Head Loss m
0.5
x 5000 = 25m
100
90 Elbow
Maximum difference
in water level - 30m
Square
Outlet
Storage Tank
45 Elbow
5,000m
of Vinidex PE Pipe
RL 70m
Min Level
of Dam
45 Elbow
Hinged Disc
Foot Valve
with Strainer
Reflux Valve
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g
rri
Design.14
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Example 3. Determine
flow velocity and
discharge under part full
flow conditions
Gradient 1 in 100
Depth of flow 80 mm
Problem:
Discharge = 0.4 x 39
= 15.6 l/s
= 0.95 x 1.6
= 1.52 m/s
80
= 0.44
180
Proportional Depth
0.7
0.6
Discharge
0.5
0.4
0.3
Velocity
0.2
Ltd
y
t
0.1
0.1
P
p
u
o au
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
. 1.0
Gr 0.9
m
e Velocity
s
o
Proportional Discharge
&
c
u
17
o e.
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
1.1 1.2
Design.15
Resistance Coefficients
Table 4.9 Valves, Fittings and Changes in Pipe Cross-Section
Fitting Type
0.50
Re-entrant Inlet
0.80
0.25
Bellmouth Inlet
0.05
45
90
0.35
1.10
111/4
221/2
45
90
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.50
Fitting Type
Gradual Enlargements
Ratio d/D q = 10 typical
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.02
0.13
0.29
0.42
Gradual Contractions
Ratio d/D q = 10 typical
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.03
0.08
0.12
0.14
Valves
Gate Valve (fully open)
0.20
Reflux Valve
2.50
Globe Valve
10.00
Tees
(a) Flow in line
0.35
1.00
Sudden Enlargements
Ratio
d/D
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
<0.2
0.04
0.13
0.26
0.41
0.56
0.71
0.83
0.92
1.00
Sudden Contractions
Ratio
d/D
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
<0.2
0.10
0.18
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.20
Angle Valve
5.00
15.00
10.00
Air Valves
zero
Ball Valve
0.10
Ltd
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t
P
1.00
p
u
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e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 41.00
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
Design.16
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
NO
IN
AL
SI
AN
CL
AS
/8
6
63 3/16 50
6
/6
3
/6 63 /12
.3
.3
/1 .5
0
75
63
7
/8
7 /1
2
7
.3 5/10.5 5/1
6
5/
6
/8
32
3 /1
32 2/1 6
/1 2.5
0
2
25 5/1
6
2 /12
5
25 /10.5
/8
20
20 /16
/
12
.5
PN
DN
/
AL
S
I
ZE
A
N
D
1
CL
1 6/
6
A
/1 16
SS
2.
5
(
VE
LO
CIT
Ym
0.2
/s
0.5
5
1.0
6.
/8
32
1.2
32
/
1.5
4
40 0/16
40/12.
/1 5
0
1.7
PN
6.
40
2.0
N/
40
/
2.5
(D
50
50 50/ /16
/
8 50 12.
/1 5
0
3.0
ZE
75
Flow Chart for Small Bore Polyethylene Pipe DN16 to DN75 (PE80B, PE80C Materials)
IN
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.17
NO
MI
LS
00
10
IZE
90
4.0
80
3.0
71
63
2.0
50
1.5
45
40
1.0
35
31
0.5
28
25
0.2
5
LO
CIT
Ym
/s
22
VE
56
20
18
16
14
12
11
90
Flow Chart for Polyethylene Pipe SDR 41 (PE80: PN3.2 & PE100: PN4)
NA
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
Design.18
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
NO
MI
NA
LS
IZE
00
10
80
4.0
71
0
0
56
2.0
50
45
1.5
40
1.0
35
31
28
0.5
25
22
VE
LO
CIT
Ym
/s
20
0.2
5
3.0
63
18
16
14
90
12
11
90
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.19
NO
MI
NA
LS
00
10
90
80
4.0
71
0
0
56
2.0
50
45
1.5
40
1.0
35
31
28
0.5
25
5
CIT
Ym
/se
c
22
VE
LO
0.2
3.0
63
20
18
16
14
IZE
12
11
90
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
Design.20
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
NO
NA
LS
IZE
00
10
90
0
4.0
80
71
3.0
63
0
2.0
56
50
1.5
45
0
1.0
40
35
31
0.5
28
25
22
VE
LO
C
ITY
0.2
m/
20
18
16
14
12
11
90
Flow Chart for Polyethylene Pipe SDR 21 (PE80: PN6.3 & PE100: PN8)
MI
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.21
NO
MI
NA
LS
90
IZE
4.0
80
3.0
71
2.0
56
50
1.5
45
1.0
40
35
31
0.5
28
25
/s
22
VE
LO
CIT
0.2
5
Ym
63
20
18
16
14
12
Flow Chart for Polyethylene Pipe SDR 17 (PE80: PN8 & PE100: PN10)
11
90
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
Design.22
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
NO
MI
NA
LS
4.0
80
IZE
3.0
71
2.0
63
56
1.5
50
45
1.0
40
35
0.5
31
28
25
VE
LO
CIT
Ym
0.2
5
/s
22
20
18
16
14
12
11
90
Flow Chart for Polyethylene Pipe SDR 13.6 (PE80: PN10 & PE100: PN12.5)
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.23
NO
MI
NA
LS
IZE
4.0
80
71
3.0
63
2.0
56
50
1.5
45
1.0
40
35
31
0.5
28
25
22
0.2
Ym
/s
20
CIT
18
LO
16
VE
14
12
Flow Chart for Polyethylene Pipe SDR 11 (PE80: PN12.5 & PE100: PN16)
11
90
IZE
AL
S
MI
NO
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
Design.24
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
NO
4.0
IN
AL
3.0
45
SI
ZE
0
2.0
40
Discharge - Litres per Second (L/s)
35
1.5
31
0
1.0
28
25
22
0.5
20
18
16
m/s
12
LO
C
ITY
0.25
14
VE
11
90
Flow Chart for Polyethylene Pipe SDR 9 (PE80: PN16 & PE100: PN20)
ZE
AL
SI
IN
OM
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.25
NO
4.0
IN
AL
3.0
45
SI
ZE
40
2.0
35
1.5
31
28
1.0
25
22
0.5
20
18
16
/s
0.25
11
LO
CIT
VE
Ym
14
12
ZE
90
AL
SI
IN
NO
M
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
Head Loss - Metres Head of Water per 100 metres of Pipe
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
Design.26
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
E
K
x 10 m/ sec
where
0 .5
and
t=
2L
C
where:
t
= time in seconds
L = length of pipeline
If the valve closure time tc is less than t,
the pressure rise due to the valve closure
is given by:
P1 = C.V
where:
P1 = pressure rise in kPa
v = liquid velocity in m/sec
If the valve closure time tc is greater than
t, then the pressure rise is approximated
by:
Ltd
y
t
t
P2 = P1
t c
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.27
Celerity
0.5
x 103 m / sec
where
W
E
K
SDR
41
33
26
21
17
13.6
11
9
7.4
Celerity m/s
MDPE (PE 80B)
HDPE (PE 80C)
160
170
190
220
240
270
300
330
360
170
190
210
240
260
290
320
350
390
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
Design.28
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Slurry Flow
General Design
Considerations
The abrasion resistance characteristics
and flexibility of Vinidex PE pipes make
slurry flow lines, such as mine tailings,
ideal applications for the material and
such installations are in widespread use
throughout Australia.
The transportation of Non Newtonian
fluids such as liquids or liquid/liquid,
liquid/solid mixtures or slurries is a
highly complex process and requires a
detailed knowledge of the specific fluid
before flow rate calculations can be
performed.
As distinct from water, many fluids
regarded as slurries have properties
which are either time or shear rate
dependent or a combination of both
characteristics. Hence it is essential for
the properties of the specific fluid to be
established under the operating
conditions being considered for each
design installation.
In addition to water flow, slurry flow
design needs to take into account the
potential for abrasion of the pipe walls,
especially at changes of direction or
zones of turbulence.
The most usual applications of Vinidex
PE pipes involve liquid/solid mixtures
and these must first be categorised
according to flow type:
Homogeneous Suspensions
Heterogeneous Suspensions
Homogeneous Suspensions
Note:
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.29
Pipe Wear
Particle Size
Angle of Attack
Particle Size
Velocity
Angle of Attack
on w.
30
ti wparticle
1
Forgacoarse
w Ph slurries the
i
r
r
I internal bead should be removed.
Design.30
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Maintenance and
Operation
Fittings
A range of mechanical joints are
available for polyethylene slurry
pipelines. They include stub flanges and
backing rings, Hugger couplings,
shouldered end/Victaulic couplings,
compression couplings and rubber ring
joint fittings.
References
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.31
Pneumatic Flow
In particular:
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
Design.32
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
System Design
Guidelines for the
Selection of
Vinidexair
Compressed Air
Pipelines
d=5
where
d = Pipe Internal Diameter in mm
LE = Pipe Length in m
Q = Volumetric Flowrate in L/s
Dp = Pressure Decrease in bar
p = Working Pressure in bar
Working Pressure
7 bar
Volumetric Flowrate
30 L/s
Nominal length
200 m
Pressure Decrease
0.05 bar
DN 25
DN 32
DN 40
DN 50
DN 63
DN 90
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.1
45 bend
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.2
L
ty2.3
90 bend
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.3
tees
0.8
1.4
1.9
2.4
reducer
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
td
up
2.3
ro .au 4.5
G
m
2.8 use c3.8
. o 417 7.5
o
e
eh pip 60.9
1
2.1
ar 0.7
ly
1.8
6
W o
n w.p 300
o
i
t
1
ga ww Ph
rri
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.33
Figure 4.4
Compressed Air
Flow Nomogram
10
20
50
100
200
500
1000
2000
Sources:
Feldmann, K.H.:
Druckluftverteilung in der Praxis
(Munchen 1985)
1
1.5
Atlas Copco :
information sheets
20
3
25
nominal diameter DN
32
10
40
15
20
4
50
30
7
50
63
3
100
90
6
200
300
400
500
0.002
0.01
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
10 15
Ltd
y
t
P
u
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e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
working pressure (p) in bar
p
Design.34
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Expansion and
Contraction
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Pipe Material Temperature Change (C)
60
70
80
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.35
External Pressure
Resistance
The possibility of external pressure
(buckling) being the controlling design
condition must be evaluated in the
design of PE pipelines.
All flexible pipe materials can be subject
to buckling due to external pressure and
PE pipes behave in a similar fashion to
PVC and steel pipes.
For pipe of uniform cross-section, the
critical buckling pressure (Pc) can be
calculated as follows:
Pc
2380 E
( SDR 1)
where
Pc
Reduction 1.0
0.99
0.97
10
0.93 0.86
Soil Description
E MPa
Gravel graded
20
14
14
Coarse-grained soil
with more than 12% fines
10
10
10
NR
Ltd
y
t
0.5
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
Design.36
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Trench Design
Minimum Cover
Installation Condition
Open country
Traffic Loading
No pavement
450
Sealed pavement
600
Unsealed pavement
750
Construction equipment
750
Embankment
750
Side Support
Material used for side support should
comply with the requirements of the
bedding materials.
The side support material should be
evenly tamped in layers of 75 mm for
pipes up to 250mm diameter, and 150
mm for pipes of diameters 315mm and
above.
Compaction should be brought evenly to
the design value required by AS/NZS
2566 for the specific installation.
Backfill
Once the sidefill has been placed and
compacted as required over the top of
the pipe, backfill material may be placed
using excavated material.
Trench backfills should not be used as a
dump for large rocks, builders debris, or
other unwanted site materials.
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
o u
. The excavated material, free from
Gr m.a
e
s
o
rocks and broken up such that it
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
contains no clay lumps greater than
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
75mm which would prevent adequate
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
compaction.
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.37
100mm
min
100mm
min
Bedding
75mm min
Figure 4.6
Wide Trench Condition
100mm
min
Allowable Bending
Radius
For condition 1
100mm
min
Rk =
SDR (SDR-1)
1.12
For condition 2
where
= outer fibre strain
Bedding
75mm min
Figure 4.7
Narrow Trench Condition
Ltd
y
t
P
p
u
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
g
rri
Design.38
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Deflection
Questionnaire
AS/NZS 2566 Deflection
Calculation for Buried
Flexible Pipes
The following questionnaire is to assist
designers in the calculation of deflection
for buried flexible pipe.
Company _______________________________________________________________________________
Name __________________________________________________________________________________
Phone ______________________
Fax ________________________
Email ________________________
PIPE DETAILS
P
ro .au
e G om
s
ou e.c 17
Degree of Compaction _____________________________________________________________________
eh pip 61 4
r
a
W poly 0 6
n
.
0
tio ww 13
a
w Ph
ig
Irr
PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
Design.39
Vinidex Locations
Sydney
254 Woodpark Rd, Smithfield NSW 2164
Tel (02) 9604 2422, Fax (02) 9604 4435
Melbourne
86 Whiteside Road, Clayton VIC 3168
Tel (03) 9543 2311, Fax (03) 9543 7420
Mildura
5 Corbould Court, Mildura VIC 3500
Tel (03) 5022 2616, Fax (03) 5022 1938
Brisbane & Export
224 Musgrave Rd, Coopers Plains QLD 4108
Tel (07) 3277 2822, Fax (07) 3277 3696
Townsville
49 Enterprise Avenue, Bohle QLD 4816
Tel (07) 4774 5044, Fax (07) 4774 5728
Adelaide
550 Churchill Road, Kilburn SA 5084
Tel (08) 8260 2077, Fax (08) 8349 6931
Perth
Sainsbury Road, OConnor WA 6163
Tel (08) 9337 4344, Fax (08) 9331 3383
Darwin
3846 Marjorie Street, Berrimah NT 0828
Tel (08) 8932 8200, Fax (08) 8932 8211
Launceston
15 Thistle St, Sth Launceston TAS 7249
Tel (03) 6344 2521, Fax (03) 6343 1100
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Design.40
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Thrust Block
Supports
PE pipes and fittings joined by butt
welding, electrofusion, or other end load
bearing joint system do not normally
require anchorage to withstand loads
arising from internal pressure and flow.
For joint types which do not resist end
loads, plus fabricated fittings which
incorporate welded PE pipe segments,
anchorage support must be provided in
order to prevent joint or fitting failure. In
addition, appurtenances such as valves,
should be independently supported in
order to prevent excessive shear loads
being transferred to the PE pipe.
Static Pressure Thrust
R=
2 w a V 2. sin .10-9
2
where
w = fluid density (kg/m3)
P = pressure (MPa)
A = area of pipe cross section (mm2)
Soil Type
100 x 105
90 x 104
24 x 104
20 x 104
15 x 104
15 x 104
12 x 104
9 x 104
Clay/Sandy loam
Peat, wet alluvial soils, silt
Nil
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Design.41
Thrust Block
Size Calculations
Tee anchorage
Worked Example
2 PA .sin . 10-3
2
= 3.8 x 10-4 N
Bend in vertical plane anchorage
3.8 x 10
15 x 10
= 0.25m 2
Valve anchorage
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Design.42
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Electrical
Conductivity
Vinidex PE pipes are non conductive and
cannot be used for electrical earthing
purposes or dissipating static electricity
charges.
Where PE pipes are used to replace
existing metal water pipes, the designer
must consider any existing systems used
for earthing or corrosion control
purposes. In these cases the appropriate
electrical supply authority must be
consulted to determine their
requirements.
In dry, dusty, or explosive atmospheres,
potential generation of electricity must
be evaluated and static dissipation
measures adopted to prevent any
possibility of explosion.
Vibration
Heat Sources
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Design.43