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Time Current Curves
Time Current Curves
OSHA 1910.334
Use of Equipment
(b) Electric power and lighting circuits.
(1) Routine opening and closing of circuits. Load rated switches,
circuit breakers, or other devices specifically designed as
disconnecting means shall be used for the opening, reversing, or
closing of circuits under load conditions. Cable connectors not
of the load break type, fuses, terminal lugs, and cable splice
connections may not be used for such purposes, except in an
emergency.
OSHA 1910.334
Use of Equipment
(b) Electric power and lighting circuits.
OSHA 1910.334
Use of Equipment
(b) Electric power and lighting circuits.
(3) Overcurrent protection modification. Overcurrent
protection of circuits and conductors may not be
modified, even on a temporary basis, beyond that
allowed by 1910.304(e), the installation safety
requirements for overcurrent protection.
Time-Current Curves
Transformers
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Time-Current Curves
Cables
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12
Time-Current Curves
Protective Relays
50 Instantaneous
Overcurrent Relay
51 AC Time
Overcurrent Relay
67 AC Directional
Overcurrent Relay
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Time-Current Curves
Fuses
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Time-Current Curves
Fuses
Fuse
Rating
800 A
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Time-Current Curves
Fuses
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
No action to
left of curve
Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
Long Time
(i.e., TOL)
Short Time
(i.e., motor starts/stops)
Instantaneous
(i.e., Faults)
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
Manufacturer
Trip Unit
Rating
Model No.
Fault Duty
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
Available Settings
LTPU Long Time Pickup
LTD - Long Time Delay
STPU Short Time Pickup
STD Short Time Delay
INST Instantaneous
GF Ground Fault
GFD Ground Fault Delay
L
S
I
G
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
LTPU Setting
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
STPU Setting
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
STD Setting
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
INST Setting
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Time-Current Curves
Circuit Breakers
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Time-Current Curves
Thermal-Mag Breakers
Thermal portion
(usually fixed)
Mag portion
(usually adjustable)
Mag Setting
Equates to INST
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Time-Current Curves
Transformers
Transformer
Protection
Point
ANSI
8 x Ifl
12 x Ifl
6 x Ifl
6 x Ifl
Inrush
(for 0.1 sec)
NEC Rule
(6 x Ifl)
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Time-Current Curves
Transformers
Transformer
Inrush must be
left of curve
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Time-Current Curves
Questions or Comments?
36
Troubleshooting
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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Tools:
Design Information:
Maintenance Information:
Visual Inspection
One-Line Diagrams
IR Surveys
Time-Current Curves
Oil Sample Reports
Manufacturer Literature
UE/PD Surveys
Operating History
Testing Data Sheets
Protective Relays
Power Monitors
38
Troubleshooting
Scheduled PM Overdue (Needed Cleaning)
High Humidity compounded problem
39
Time-Current Curves
Transformers
Transformer
Inrush must be
left of curve
49
Troubleshooting
Control Power
Transformer (CPT)
Breaker Trip:
Cause - Rodent
50
Troubleshooting
High Resistance Fuse
Extenuating
Circumstances:
Inadequate spare parts
Production pressure
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Troubleshooting
HV Bushing Repair Required
Jumpers undersized
Heating resulted in gasket failure
Oil contamination resulted in
flashover at bushing.
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Troubleshooting
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Troubleshooting
HV Insulated Bus
Insulation Tracking
(Carbon Treeing)
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Troubleshooting
HV Jumper Cable
Insulation Tracking
(Corona Damage Due to Improper Installation)
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Troubleshooting
Tap Changer
Eminent Connection Failure
Troubleshooting
October 2007
Event: Fault (~8,000A) resulted
in switchgear lineup burning
without fuses clearing.
Cable burned
through, effectively
protecting fuse.
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Troubleshooting
December 2011
Event: Fuse (HS0202A) and
Utility relay (50/51) cleared,
shutting plant down.
Cause: TBD.
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Troubleshooting
Indicative of Fault
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Troubleshooting
Indicative of Fault
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Troubleshooting
HS0202A feeds the following:
TH0202B thru HS0202B (65A)
TH0202C thru HS0202C (100A)
TH0202D thru HS0202D (100A)
TH0202E thru HS0202E (200A)
Apparent fault on
B and/or C phase
below HS0202A
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OSHA 1910.334
Use of Equipment
(b) Electric power and lighting circuits.
Troubleshooting
Questions or Comments?
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