Foundation Mathematics

10 March 2015
Marking Scheme
This marking scheme has been prepared as a guide only to markers. This is not a set of
model answers, or the exclusive answers to the questions, and there will frequently be
alternative responses which will provide a valid answer. Markers are advised that, unless a
question specifies that an answer be provided in a particular form, then an answer that is
correct (factually or in practical terms) must be given the available marks.
If there is doubt as to the correctness of an answer, the relevant NCC Education materials
should be the first authority.

Throughout the marking, please credit any valid alternative point.

Where markers award half marks in any part of a question, they should ensure that
the total mark recorded for the question is rounded up to a whole mark.

Answer ALL questions

Marks
Question 1
a)

Simplify the following.

i)

( 2 )3

ii)

3 2 4 3

iii) 4
7
3

b) Simplify the following.

i)

(7 + ) + 2( 3)
= +

ii)

142
2ac
=

iii) 15

=
c)

Factorise the following.

i)

12 2 3
( )
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

ii)

2 + 8 9
( + )( )
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

d) Simplify the following.

i)

2
3
2
3 4

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

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ii)

e)

1
3
+
8 4
+
=

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

Transpose the following formula to make the subject.

5
= 2
+

Marks
2

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

f)

Solve the following equation and find the value of .

4( 3) = 2 + 2
=
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

g) Solve the following quadratic equation by factorising.

2 + 4 21 = 0

( + )( ) =
So, = or =
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer
Total 20 Marks

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Marks
Question 2
a)

Solve the following quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula:

5 2 + 7 1 = 0
(You may leave your answer in surd form.)

=

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

b) Solve the following simultaneous equations and find the value of and .

c)

i)

3 + 4 = 18 and 7 4 = 2
= , =
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

ii)

2 + = 21 and 4 + = 37
= , =
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

A rectangle is 5cm longer than it is wide. If the perimeter of the rectangle is

50cm, find its length and width.
Let denote width. Then,
+ ( + ) =
+ + =
+ =
=
=
So the length is + =
2 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

d) Calculate the gradient of the following curves at the point where = 2, using
differentiation.
i)

= 2 3 + 4
Differentiating gives:

= +

When =

= () +

=
So, when = the gradient is 28

2 marks for correct differentiation of curve, 1 mark for correct gradient.

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ii)

Marks
3

1
= 2 2 2

Differentiating gives:

= +

= +

When =

= () +

So, when = the gradient is

2 marks for correct differentiation of curve, 1 mark for correct gradient.

e)

A particle has a velocity of = 3 + 12

i)

Find the acceleration, , after seconds.

=
=

1 mark for correct workings, 1 mark for correct answer

ii)

What is the acceleration at = 1 seconds?

When = :
=
= ()
= /

iii) At what time, t, is the acceleration 27 m/s2?

Substitute = into the equation for acceleration to give:
=
=
=
Hence the acceleration is 27 m/s2 at = seconds
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

Total 20 Marks

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Marks
Question 3
a)

i)

Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the turning point on the curve
= 3 2 + 6 + 2
Differentiating gives:

= +

Turning points are located where = + =

= when =
When = , =
So the turning point is at (-1, -1)

2 marks for correctly differentiating the curve, 1 mark for working and 1
mark for correct coordinates
ii)

Identify the turning point found in part (i) above as either a maximum or
minimum turning point.
The turning point at (-1, -1) is a minimum turning point since the
gradient is negative just before and positive just after.

Possible working:
The gradient just before the turning point is negative since when

= 1.5, =
i.e. the gradient is negative.
The gradient just after the turning point is positive since when = -0.5,

i.e. the gradient is positive.

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct classification of turning
point. Candidates may use an alternative method, e.g. the second
derivative test, for which full marks should be awarded if workings
clear and answer correct.
b) Integrate the following expression.
8 3 +
( + ) = ( + / )
/
=
+
+

= + / +

where is a constant.

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

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c)

The gradient of the curve which passes through the point (1, 0) is given by
2 2 1. Find the equation of the curve.

The gradient is given by , hence =

Integrate to obtain:
= ( )

=
+

Marks
3

The curve passes through the point (1, 0), so when = , = . Substitute
these values back into the integrated equation to get:
()
+

So, =
=

Therefore the equation of the curve is = +

2 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer
d) Evaluate the following definite integrals.
i)

(3 2 + 3)
0

+ ) = [
+ ]

= [ + ]
= { + ()} {}
=
2 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.
(

ii)

( + 3 )
0 4

( + ) = [ + ]

= { + } {}

2 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

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e)

Marks
3
The part of the curve = 2 + 3 between the ordinates = 0 and = 1 is
rotated about the -axis. Calculate the volume of the solid generated. Leave your
answer as a multiple of .

= ( + )

= ( + + )

= [
+
+ ]

= [
+ + ]

()
= ( (
+ () + ()) ())

= ( + + )

2 marks for correct workings, 1 mark for correct answer

Total 20 Marks

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Marks
Question 4
a)

The acceleration of a moving body at the end of seconds from the

commencement of motion is (8 2) m/s2.
i)

Find the velocity at the end of 4 seconds if the initial velocity is 8 m/s.

The equation for acceleration is =

We can integrate this to obtain an expression for the velocity
= +

Substituting in = ( ) we obtain
= ( ) +
= +
To calculate the velocity we need to determine the constant of
integration. The initial velocity is the velocity at = . So when = ,
= . Substitute these values into the expression for to give:
=+
So, =
The equation for velocity is therefore:
= +
After 4 seconds, i.e. at = , the velocity is:
= () () +
= +
= /
2 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer
ii)

Find the distance travelled by the body at the end of 3 seconds.

Distance is given by the equation =

Integrate the equation for using the limits of 0 and 3. Assume =
when = therefore = .

= ( + )

= [ + ]

= { + ()} {}

= { + } {}
=
2 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

b) The 8.15am train to Newtown is either on time or late. It is never early.

The probability that 8.15am train to Newtown will be late on Monday is 0.2. The
probability that the 8.15am train will be late on Tuesday is 0.1.

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i)

Draw a probability tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.

Draw a tree diagram, writing L for late and T for on time.
Monday

Tuesday

Outcome
L

(L, L)

Marks
8

Probability
0.2 0.1 = 0.02

0.1
0.2

L 0.9

0.8

0.1

(L, T)

0.2 0.9 = 0.18

(T, L)

0.8 0.1 = 0.08

(T, T)

0.8 0.9 = 0.72

T
0.9

1 mark for correct workings for each branch, 1 mark for each correct
outcome probability.
ii)

Use your tree diagram to find out the probability that the train is late on
ONE (1) of the two days.
There are two possible outcomes where the train is late on one day.
P(train late on one day) = P(L, T) + P(T, L)
= 0.18 + 0.08
= 0.26

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

iii) Use your tree diagram to find the possibility that the train is on time at least
once.
P(train on time at least once) = 1 P(L,L)
= 1 0.02
= 0.98

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

c)

How many ways can we arrange three letters from the word pencil if repetitions
are not allowed and different orders of the same letter count as the same
arrangement?
!
!

=
=
=
=
( )! ! ! !

1 mark for clear calculations, 1 mark for correct answer. Candidates may
use different notation.
Total 20 Marks
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Marks
Question 5
a)

A market research company asks 30 consumers which brand of cereal they

prefer: A, B, C, D or E. The responses are recorded below.
A
B
A
C
B
C
i)

D
B
B
D
E
D

C
D
B
C
C
C

B
B
C
D
D
E

C
C
A
B
B
B

Summarise this data as a frequency distribution table.

Preferred brand of cereal of 30 consumers.
Score
A
B
C
D
E

Frequency
3
10
9
6
2

1 mark for title and column headings, 1 mark for correct frequencies
ii)

Is this data continuous or discrete?

Discrete

iii) Construct a bar chart to illustrate this data.

2 marks for bar chart with brand of cereal on horizontal axis and
frequency on vertical axis and equal width of bars. 2 marks for accurate
plotting of bars.
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Marks
b) The amount of time (in minutes) it takes a group of students to travel to college
on a particular day is recorded in the table below.
Time (minutes)
Frequency
i)

0 < 20
12

20 < 40
20

40 < 60
25

60 < 80
11

80 < 100
8

Calculate the mean. You may leave your answer as a fraction.

Time
Midpoint Frequency ()

(minutes)
0 < 20
10
12
120
20 < 40
30
20
600
40 < 60
50
25
1250
60 < 80
70
11
770
80 < 100
90
8
720
=
=

3 marks for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

Be aware that candidates may not simplify the fraction completely but
full credit should be given.
ii)

Within which class interval will the modal value lie?

Within the 40 < 60 class.

iii) Calculate the mode. You may leave your answer as a fraction.
Using the formula for the mode we obtain:

( )
( )
( )
= +
(() )

= +

= +

1 mark for correct workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

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Marks
c)

The following data set is recorded.

21 18 13 10 12 7 9 23 19 24 15
i)

Calculate the range of the data.

24 7 = 17

ii)

Find the median value.

Put the data into ascending order:
7 9 10 12 13 15 18 19 21 23 24
The median value is the
( + )
=
=

So the median is 15

1 mark for workings, 1 mark for correct answer

iii) Find the lower quartile and the upper quartile.
The lower quartile is:

( + ) = () =

So, the lower quartile is 10

The upper quartile is:

( + ) = () =

So, the upper quartile is 21

iv) Calculate the quartile range.

The quartile range is given by:
upper quartile lower quartile = 21 10 = 11

Total 20 Marks

End of paper

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Learning Outcomes matrix

Question

Learning Outcomes
assessed

1
2
3
4
5

1, 2
2, 4
4, 5
5, 7
2, 3, 6

Marker can differentiate

between varying levels of
achievement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

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