2

1-10

.
.

2, 1, 1

.
.

2, 1, 2

 (T-v)

.
.

2, 1, 3

 (T-v)

.
.

2, 1, 4

 (P-v)

.
.

2, 1, 5

pcr

Tcr

-
p T.

v1 v 2 =v cr v3
.
.

v
2, 1, 6

 (P-v) ( )

.
.

2, 1, 7

 (P-v) ( )

.
.

2, 1, 8

 (P-T)

.
.

2, 1, 9


.
.

P-V-T

2, 1, 10

10

.
.

P-V-T


(. )

2, 1, 11

11

()

( )

.
.

Ttr ()

Ptr (kPa)

C2 2
3

C
C2
CO
D2
C2 H6
C2 H4
He
2
HCl
g
C4
6

2
N2 O
2
d
Pt
S2
Ti
UF6
2 O
e
Zn

192,40

120,00

195,40
83,81
3900,00
216,55
68,10
18,63
89,89
104,00
2,19
13,84
158,96
234,20
90,68
24,57
109,50
63,18
182,34
54,36
1825,00
2045,00
197,69
1941,00
337,17
273,16
161,30
692,65

6,0760
68,90
10100,00
517,00
15,37
17,10
8x10-4
0,12
5,10
7,04
13,90
1.65x10-7
11,70
43,20
21,92
12,60
87,85
0,152
3,5 x 10-3
2.0 x 10-4
1,67
5,3 x 10-3
151,70
0,61
81,50
0,065
2, 1, 12

12

Tc

T = Tsat
p = psat

pc

-
p T.

vf

p T
.
.

vg

v

p T
2, 1, 13

13

 p-V-T
--
Pt=0.61 kPa, Tt=273.16 K= 0.01 oC

( 0.01 < T < cr= 374.14 oC)
T < 0.01 oC

.
.

2, 1, 14

14

 ()
Temp

Pressure, P

Sat Liq,
vf x 1000

(deg C)

(bars)

(m3 /kg)

Sat Vapor Interanl

vg
Engery, uf
(m3 /kg)

(kJ/kg)

Internal
Energy, ug
(kJ/kg)

15

0.017 1.001 77.93 62.99 2396.1

20

0.023 1.002 57.79 83.95 2402.9

50

0.124 1.012 12.03 209.3 2443.5

100

1.014 1.043 1.673 418.9 2506.5

.
.

2, 1, 15

15

 ( )

.
.

2, 1, 16

16

x=

mvapor
mtotal

mvapor
mf + mg

mvapor :
mtotal = +
= mf
+
mg
.
.

2, 1, 17

17

V = Vf + Vg = mf vf + mg vg
V = (mt - mg )vf + mg vg
mt
v = (1-x) vf + x vg

v = vf + x (vg - vf )

v = vf + x vfg

.
.

2, 1, 18

18

u = uf + x (ug - uf )

u = uf + x hfg

h = hf + x (hg - hf )

h = hf + x hfg

y = yf + x (yg - yf )

y = yf + x yfg

y ( )
.
.

2, 1, 19

19

.
.

2, 1, 20

20

 - Dalton
n1

n2

n3

nN

1
1 2
2 3
3

ni moles
pi.

: n1+n2+n3+...nN = nTotal
.
.

2, 1, 21

21

 Dalton .

p iV = n iR u T

(n, p,V,T)

pV = nR u T
p=

p
i

.
.

ni
pi
yi =
=
n
p
2, 1, 22

22

 -
Patm= Pa + Pv

Pa :
Pv : ( )
Pm
Pi

Pi Vi
n
=
= i = yi
Pm Vm nm

.
.

mv
(kg / kg )
ma

m v Pv
=
mg Pg

Pg = Psat @ T
2, 1, 23

23




P - v - T




-
.
.

2, 1, 24

24