: http://physlab.phys.uoa.

gr

: ..

e-mail: physlab_director@phys.uoa.gr

: .

e-mail: physlabf1@phys.uoa.gr


()
( )

MSOffice1

Slide 3

MSOffice1 ; 6-10-2004

.
(
) .

( /
)

:
(.. Supernova,
).

:
(..
, .)

.
.

.


.

;


.

Mor ley
so n-
Mi chel




.

Rut
her
ford
-G
eige
r




*
;
:
.
().

:

.

:

.

4 x 1034 Mm
M m : F =G 2
R
(T) (k) m :
T = 2 m
K
: R = 5.82 10 15 m

: .
.

:
:

4.6 x 1033 (90% cf)

:
R = (5.4989 0.0007) 10 15 m
R= .582
10
15
m

R = 5.82 10 15 m


( ):

:

:
.
.
( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )
:
( 0 . 51099906 0 . 00000015 ) MeV

:
(0.51099906 0.00000015) MeV
:
G = (6.673 0.011) 10 11 m 3 kg 1s 2


:

.
:

() .
:
( )
.

 : &

( )
: &
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants

( ) ( ) G = (6.673 0.011) 10 11 m 3 kg 1s 2

( ) G = 6.673 (11) 10 11 m 3 kg 1s 2

x G
= G
= 1.5 10 3
x

( ) ( )
: ! ..
35% 3 .
(35 3)% T ;
3% ; ( )
29% ;

,,

()



;
1.
:

2.
( ) :
(.. )


( ) ( )

;


( )

)

.


:
20

-
-




.
.. 70

-10 -5 0 5 10 C -10 -5 0 5 10 C

,
, ( )
Gauss


Gauss
: =x= x
: = x
2 :

( ) ( )


68%
( ) ( 2)


96%

Gauss
(FWHM) :


x
xi, i=1,2,, N.
N
1
x < x >=
N
x
i =1
i

(x i x) 2

x = i =1

N ( N 1)
:
( ) ( ): ( x ) (x )
 9

2 2
T(s) T Ti (s) (T Ti ) (s )
1.14 0.17 0.0289
1 9 11.79s
1.22 0.09 0.0081 T = Ti = = 1.31s
1.28 0.03 0.0009 9 i =1 9
1.34 -0.03 0.0009 9
1.45
1.38
-0.14
-0.07
0.0196
0.0049
(T Ti ) 2

T = i =1
=
1.30 0.01 0.0001 9 8
1.38 -0.07 0.0049
0.0684
1.30 0.01 0.0001 = 0.0309s 0.03s
11.79 0.00 0.0684 72

=(1.310.03) s
 6
( cm):

32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.6 32.6

,
L = 32.5833...cm L = 0.017...cm
:
L = 32.583 0.017 cm
: 32.6 cm
(!) 0!!!
!
0.1 cm.
.
L=32.60.1 cm.

,

( )
, ,
,
.
( ).
.

. :
)
)
) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

,
,
().

( ) ( ) ( )