Energy Resources and

Utilization ME436
2016

Lecture 1b : Introduction

Units of Energy
Joule = 1 N m
KJ= J

Kilo

MJ= J

Mega

GJ = J

Giga

TJ = J

Tera

PJ = J

Peta

EJ = J

Exa

Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization

Present Day Energy Usage

Energy usage by end user (us!)

e.g. energy from burning coal, is reached to us in from of electricity

Primary energy and delivered energy

Primary energy usage of all forms: 502 EJ or 12 000 million tonnes of oil
equivalent (Mtoe) (energy usage increased by tenfold during 20 th century)
Fossil fuel contributed to four fifth of total.
Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization

Present Day Energy Usage

1 year = 24 * 365 = 8760

hours
1 Wh = 3600 J as 1 h = 3600
Seconds
1 W = 1 N-m/s

Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization

 World population in 2009 was 6.8 billion

Average energy consumption per person : 74 GJ
Equivalent to 5.5 liters of oil per day for every man, woman and child
North American : 250 GJ per year, Europe : 125 GJ and in poor countries
less than one fifth
Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization

Contribution of Renewable Energies

Traditional biomass, hydro power and other renewable : 13% in 2009
Largest contribution is from traditional biomass (wood, straw, dung etc)
Straw : is an agriculturalby-product, the drystalksofcerealplants, after
thegrainand chafhave been removed. Straw makes up about half of the
yield of cereal crops such asbarley,oats,rice,ryeandwheat. It has many
uses, including fuel, livestock bedding and fodder, thatching and basketmaking.
Thatchingis the craft of building aroofwith dry vegetation such asstraw
Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization

Thatching

Bundles of rice straw

Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization

Contribution of Renewable Energies

Lecture 1b : Introduction

Energy Resources and

Utilization