Math formulas for grade

11, grade 12 and graduates

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Math formulas for grade 11, grade 12 and under graduates.

In an x-y Cartesian coordinate system, equation

of the circle is:
(x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2

sin 0 = 0

cos 0 = 1

tan 0 = 0

sin 30 = 1/2

cos 30 = (3)/2

tan 30 = 1/(3)

sin 45 = 1/(2)

cos 45 = 1/(2)

tan 45 = 1

sin 60 = (3)/2

cos 60 = 1/2

tan 60 = 3

sin 90 = 1

cos 90 = 0

tan 90 =

sinq = 1/cosecq

cosq = 1/secq

tanq = 1/cotq

sinq/cosq = tanq

sin2q + cos2q = 1

1 + tan2q = sec2q

1 + cot2q = cosec2q

sin( 90 - q ) = cosq

cos( 90 - q ) = sinq

tan( 90 - q ) = cotq

sin( 90 + q ) = cosq

cos( 90 + q ) = - sinq

tan( 90 + q ) = - cotq

sin( 180 - q ) = sinq

cos( 180 - q ) = - cosq

tan( 180 - q ) = - tanq

sin( 180 + q ) = - sinq

cos( 180 + q ) = - cosq

tan( 180 + q ) = tanq

Pythagorean Theorem:
The square of the length of the
hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal
to the sum of the squares of the legs
a2 = b2 + c2
a,b - two sides of the triangle
connected by the right angle
c - hypotenuse of the triangle

circumference of a circle
circumference of a circle = 2 . . r
where,
= PI = 22/7
r = radius of circle

Area of Triangle
Area of Triangle = (1/2) . b . h
where,
h = height of triangle
b = the length of the base of triangle

Area of rectangle
Area of rectangle = l . b
where,
l = length of rectangle
b = width of rectangle

Area of circle
Area of circle = . r 2
where,
= PI = 22/7
r = radius of circle

Area of trapezoid
Area of trapezoid = (1/2) . (height). (base one +
base two)

Area of Ellipse
Area of Ellipse = . r1 . r2
where,
r1 = major radius
r2 = minor radius

Area of Cylinder (surface area)

Area of Cylinder (surface area) =
2 . . r . h
where,
r = radius of cylinder
h = length of cylinder

Area of Cone (surface area)

Area of Cone (surface area) =
. r . l
where,
r = radius of cone
l = length of side of the cone

Volume of cylinder
Volume of cylinder = . r 2 . h
where,
= PI = 22/7
r = radius of cylinder
h = length of cylinder

Volume of sphere
Volume of sphere = (4/3) . . r 3
where,
= PI = 22/7
r = radius of sphere

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Volume of Cone
Volume of Cone = (1/3) . . r 2 . h
where,
= PI = 22/7
r = radius of Cone
h = height of cone

sin(-x) = -sin(x)

cosec(-x) = -cosec(x)

cos(-x) = cos(x)

sec(-x) = sec(x)

tan(-x) = -tan(x)

cot(-x) = -cot(x)

sin( a + b ) = sina cosb + cosa sinb

sin( a - b ) = sina cosb - cosa sinb

cos( a + b ) = cosa cosb - sina sinb

cos( a - b ) = cosa cosb + sina sinb

(tana + tanb )
tan( a + b ) =

(1 - tana
tanb )

sin2a = 2 sina cosa

(tana - tanb )
tan( a - b ) =

(1 + tana
tanb )

cos2a = cos2a - sin2a = 2cos2a - 1 = 1 - 2sin2a

(2 tana )
tan2a =

(1 tan2a )

sin3a = 3sina - 4sin3a

For any triangle ABC with side lengths a,b,c
Law of Cosines
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2 a b cos C
b2 = c2 + a2 - 2 c a cos B
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2 b c cos A
Law of Sines
sinA/a = sinB/b = sinC/c

cos3a = 4cos3a - 3cosa

cos( - ) + cos( + )
cos cos =
2

cos( - ) - cos( + )
sin sin =
2

sin( + ) + sin( - )
sin cos =
2

3sin - sin 3
sin3 =
4

3cos + cos 3
cos3 =
4

3sin 2 - sin 6
sin3 . cos3 =
32

3 - 4 cos 2 + cos 4
sin4 =
8

3 + 4 cos 2 + cos 4
cos4 =
8

3 - 4 cos 4 + cos 8
sin4 . cos4 =
128

10 sin - 5 sin 3 + sin 5

sin5 =
16

10 cos + 5 cos 3 + cos 5

cos5 =
16

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Quadratic Equation

10 sin 2 - 5 sin 6 + sin 10For the equation:

sin5 . cos5 =
ax2+bx+c=0
512
Quadratic equation solving calculator
the value of x will be

- b (b2 - 4 a c)

x=

2a

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2 a b + b2

(a - b)2 = a2 - 2 a b + b2

(a + b) . (a - b) = (a2 - b2)

Arithmetic progression: Arithmetic

progression is a sequence of numbers
such that the difference of any two
successive members of the sequence is a
constant.
For example: Suppose a1, a2, a3, a4,
...... , an-1, an are in sequence of
arithmetic progression
Then the first term of an arithmetic
series is a1 and assume that the common
difference of successive members is d,
then the nth term of the sequence is:
an = a1 + (n - 1).d
The sum of all the components of an
arithmetic series is:
Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + ....... + an-1 + an
i.e. Sn = (n).(a1 + an)/2
Calculator for solving arithmetic series

Geometric progression: geometric progression OR

geometric series is a sequence of numbers such
that the quotient of any two successive members
of the sequence is a constant. The ratio of two
successive number is called common ratio. The
constant ratio must not be equal to 0.
Example of geometric series :
ar1, ar2, ar3, . ....... ., arn-1, arn
The nth term of the geometric series can be
defined as:
an = a r(n - 1)
r is called common ratio and n must be greater
than 0:

Logarithms:
logb 1 = 0
logb b = 1
logb(X . Y) = logbX + logbY
logb(X / Y) = logbX - logbY
logb(Xn) = n . logbX
logmn . lognm = 1

Calculator for solving geometric series

dC
dx

d(Cu) du
= C
dx
dx

d(u + v)du dv
= +
dx
dx dx

d(u . v) dv du
= u + v
dx
dx dx

d u v (du/dx) - u (dv/dx)
() =
dx v
v2

d
dx

= 0

( x n =) n x n-1
dx

du
( e u =) e u
dx
dx

du
( u n =) n u n-1
dx

du
( C u =) C u ln(C)
dx
dx

d( ln(u))1du
=
dx
udx
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d( sin(u))
du
= cos(u)
dx
dx

d( cos(u))
du
= - sin(u)
dx
dx

d( tan(u))
du
= sec2(u)
dx
dx

d( cosec(u))
du
= - cosec(u) . cot(u)
dx
dx

d( sec(u))
du
= sec(u) . tan(u)
dx
dx

d( cot(u))
du
= - cosec2(u)
dx
dx

d(sin-1u) 1 du
=
dx
dx

d(cos-1u) -1 du
=
dx
dx

d(tan-1u) 1

d(cot-1u)- 1 du

du

=1 +
dx

=1 +
dx

dx

u2

d(sec-1u) 1
=
dx
|u|

dx
u2

du
dx

d(cosec-1u) -1
=
dx
|u|

du
dx

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