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5 Son Huynhminh
5 Son Huynhminh
TM TT
Bi bo nhm gii thiu mt cch p dng Tiu chun thit k kt cu thp AISC/ASD (1989 Hoa K) hin ang rt ph bin trn th gii v c bit i vi nh thp tin ch Vit Nam
kim tra n nh cc b dm bn t hp v so snh vi tiu chun TCVN 5575-1991 (Vit
Nam). Kt qu nghin cu cho php mnh dn s dng tiu chun nc ngoi vo ng dng
v chuyn giao cng ngh mi trong thc t xy dng nc ta.
ABSTRACT
This article introduces a method of applying AISC/ASD (American Structural Steel Buildings
Standard) into checking the buckling of plate girders which is very popular in Pre-engineered
Buildings, in comparison with the TCVN 5575-1991 (Vietnamese Structural Steel Buildings
Standard). The results of this study is significant in using foreign standards in the process of
applying and transfering technology to our country.
1. T VN
Trc y nc ta, khi nhp ln thng s dng dn thp t hp t 2 thp gc tuy
gii quyt c yu cu chu lc, tng i tit kim vt liu song hn ch ln nht l chim
chiu cao nh, ch to th cng, nng sut thp v gi thnh cao. S ra i ca cng ngh nh
thp tin ch (Pre-Engineered Buildings) t nhng nm 90 ca cc cng ty nc ngoi: Zamil
steel, Kirby, BHP, Blue scope Lysaght nhanh chng v pht trin chim lnh th trng
Vit Nam, c mt s doanh nghip trong nc vn dng ch to thnh cng nhng mc
khc nhau. Cu to t dm bng c, t hp t thp bn tit din vt dng ch I (chiu cao
thay i tuyn tnh ph hp biu ng sut), kt cu thp nh tin ch c tiu chun ho
v hp l ho ton din cc giai on thit k, ch to v lp dng ph hp vi yu cu ca
mi loi cng trnh. Do , nh tin ch c nhng u im ni bt v cng ngh v kinh t:
Tit kim vt liu; ch to n gin; chnh xc; trng lng nh; cng cao; khng gian
linh hot; thun tin bo dng v rt t nh hng mi trng. Tuy vy, vic p dng tiu
chun nc ngoi thit k, kim tra tit din dm bng c, khung nh thp tin ch i
vi cc k s Vit Nam cn kh mi m v kh khn.
Vn t ra l: Dm bn t hp bn bng c thit k theo tiu chun Vit Nam
thng c b dy ln nhng vn phi b tr sn gia cng nng n v tn thp, trong khi
thit k theo tiu chun nc ngoi cu kin thng c tit din mng hn nhng vn khng
cn b tr sn. i vi kt cu dm bn t hp, vic kim tra n nh cc b cho bn bng
v bn cnh l ht sc quan trng v cn thit v n quyt nh s lm vic cng nh tnh kinh
t ca phng n. Mt khc, khng th s dng tiu chun Vit Nam kim tra cc kt cu
thp thit k, ch to theo cng ngh nc ngoi nh: M, Anh hay cV vy, hi nhp
v ng dng cng ngh mi, cn thit phi nghin cu p dng tiu chun nc ngoi m tiu
tf
h
d
tw
f
Bn cnh: 2t
f
d
tw
640
Fy
65
Fy
(1) v Bn bng:
bf
(2)
tf
f
Bn cnh: 2t
f
95
Fy / k c
(3) v Bn bng: t
w
760
Fb
(4)
bf
2t f
95
Fy / k c
(5)
bf
Fy / k c ] (6)
2t f
95
Fy / k c
bf
bf
2t f
195
Khi 2t F / k
f
y
c
195
(7)
Fy / k c
th:
(9)
th:
f
QS = 1,293 - 0,00309.
2t f
QS =
26200k c
Fy . (b / t ) 2
. Fy / k c (8)
(10)
- Nhn xt: Tiu chun Vit Nam khng phn cp tit din nh tiu chun M m ch
quy nh 01 loi tit din. Tiu chun M phn cp tit din thnh 03 cp nh trn tu thuc
mnh (iu kin n nh cc b cnh v bng dm) do linh hot hn v n cho php
ngi thit k s dng nhiu loi tit din thm ch rt mnh. y l mt u th ca tiu
chun AISC/ASD (M) cng nh cc tiu chun BS (Anh); Eurocode (Chu u) so vi
TCVN5575-1991 (Vit Nam). iu ny c th thy r khi kho st cc tit din nh thp tin
ch thit k theo tiu chun M c chiu cao ln nhng bn bng rt mng m khng dng
sn.
Fb
Fb
Bng
Cnh
0,66Fy
0,66Fy
0,6Fy
0,6Fy
Khng c
65/
Mnh
95/
bf /tf
Fy / k c
Khng c
640/
Mnh
760/
760
Fb
760
- i vi dm c mnh bn bng: t
w
- i vi dm c mnh bn bng: t
(12) th coi l dm bn.
Fb
w
Nhn xt: Tiu chun Vit Nam khng phn bit dm bn v dm thng khi tnh ton
theo iu kin bn. Nu mnh bn bng khng qu ln th khng cn b tr sn v dm
bn s c tnh ton v cu to hon ton tng t nh dm thng. Vic thit k dm bn
trong tiu chun M do c quy nh thnh 01 chng ring (Chapter 6) vi nhng cng
thc tnh ton c th khc tiu chun Vit Nam.
3.3. Kim tra n nh cc b dm bn
Kh nng chu un v ct ca dm bn ph thuc rt nhiu vo mnh ca bn bng.
Nu mnh bng dm qu ln s gy ra cc hin tng mt n nh cc b nh sau:
- On do un trong mt phng bng lm gim kh nng bng dm chu mt phn
mmen un.
h/tw
: Bng s b on
t
Fb
tw
be
] < My (13)
tf
Aw h
980
Af t
F y
Fy
h
d
n nh cc b bn bng. Khi
bf
H.3 On do un bn bng
Aw
Af
h 760
] < 1 (15).
t
Fb
760
tf
h
d
Aw: Din tch bn bng. Af: Din tch 01 bn cnh. iu kin khng b un cc b: t
Fb
(16)
2. On cnh dm theo phng ng:
Nu bng dm qu mnh s khng
30tw
Cnh on theo
cng gi cho cnh nn ca dm
Bng khng
phng ng
khi on theo phng ng. iu kin
cng
khng xy ra s on theo phng ng cnh
nn.
- Khi khng c sn ng hoc sn
cch nhau qu 1,5h
h
bf
14000
Fy ( Fy 16,5) (17)
t
Fy
(18)
5,34
4,0
(20). Khi a/h 1: k= 5,34 +
2
(a / h)
(a / h) 2
(21)
cr
: T s gia ng sut on khi ct v ng sut chy khi ct:
y
45000.k v
Cv =
C v FY
0,4 Fy
2,89
Fy .
tw
k
190
. v khi Cv >0,8 (24)
h / t w Fy
AISC quy nh phi b tr sn ngang khi t s h/t > 260 v ng sut ct trung bnh
ln nht ca bng ln hn Fv.
Khong cch cc sn ngang m bo ng sut ct ca bng dm khng vt qu F V
v tho:
a
260
h 4
) . Mt khc, t s b
2 v 3 v mmen qun tnh mt cp sn I s (
h h / t
50
b
95
1 CV
. CV
2
2,89
1,15. 1 a / h
Fy
tin)
1170
10
38
0
15
4. V D C TH
Kim tra n nh cc b dm bn nhp L=12m, chu ti
trng phn b u q=5,5T/m. S dng thp A36 ca M (F y=
36ksi= 24,8kN/cm2) tng ng vi thp CT3 ca Vit Nam.
1. Tnh c trng hnh hc tit din:
Din tch cnh:
Af = 38.1,5 = 57 cm2
Din tch bng:
Aw = 1.117 = 117cm2
Mmen qun tnh:
Ix = 533693 cm4
Mun khng un: Wx= 8895 cm3
2. Tnh ni lc v ng sut trong dm:
Mmen un max: Mx = q.L2/8 = 5,5.122/8 = 99000000
N.cm
Lc ct max: V = q.L/2 = 5,5.12/2 = 330000 N
ng sut un max= Mx/Wx = 9900000/8895 = 11130 N/cm2
15
65
640
Fy =
640
=107.
36
95
FY / k c
195
FY / k c
= 12,9 nn h
bf
s: Qs = 1,293-0,00309
2t f
Fy
= 63,6
45000.k v
Fy .
tw
45000.5,34
=
36.(117 ) 2
760
Fb
760
Fb
- Kt qu kim tra theo TCVN 5575-1991 (Vit Nam) dm c cng tit din, nhp v
ti trng nu trn, thp CT3 c cng tng ng vi thp A36 (M) phi s dng sn
ng gia cng bn bng, khong cch 2 sn lin tip l 2m, tit din sn 80x117x6 (mm)
mi m bo iu kin n nh cc b.
5. SO SNH 02 TIU CHUN V NHN XT
S dng thp A36 (Tiu chun M) c Fy= 36ksi tng ng vi thp CT3 (Tiu
chun Vit Nam). Kt qu nghin cu cho thy, iu kin gii hn mnh bn cnh v bn
bng dm bn khng gy mt n nh cc b nh bng di y:
Tiu chun AISC/ASD (M)
Phn t
Cnh
dm
T s
chiu
rng /
b dy
bf/2tf
65/ Fy
= 11
d/t
640/ Fy
= 107
Bng
dm
h/t
Khng c
95/
Fy / k c =
16
760/ Fb
= 163
Mnh
> 95/
Fy / k c >16
14000/
Phn t
T s
chiu
rng /
b dy
Cnh
dm
bo/c
Bng
dm
ho/b
Tr s mnh
gii hn
(Khng phn
cp tit din)
0,5.
3,2.
E
= 16
R
E
= 101
R
Fy ( Fy 16,5)
= 322
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