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2 Design of Experiments Via Taguchi Methods21
2 Design of Experiments Via Taguchi Methods21
Taguchi method
Traditional Design of Experiments focused on
how different design factors affect the
average result level
In Taguchis DOE (robust design), variation is
more interesting to study than the average
Robust design: An experimental method to
achieve product and process quality through
designing in an insensitivity to noise based
on statistical principles.
Robust Design
A statistical / engineering methodology
that aim at reducing the performance
variation of a system.
The input variables are divided into two
board categories.
Control factor: the design parameters in
product or process design.
Noise factor: factors whoes values are hard-tocontrol during normal process or use
conditions
Scrap Cost
LSL
Target
USL
Parameter Parameters
Level Level unit
number
1
2
O
1
Temperature
760
900
C
O
2
Quenching rate
35
140
C/s
3
Cooling time
1
300
s
4
Carbon
1
6
Wt%
contents
c
5
Co 2
5
20
%
concentration
Determine which
process parameters have the
Taguchi method
To investigate how different parameters
affect the mean and variance of a
process performance characteristic.
The Taguchi method is best used when
there are an intermediate number of
variables (3 to 50), few interactions
between variables, and when only a few
variables contribute significantly.
Half-Fraction Designs
A half-fraction of the 2k design involves running only
half of the treatments of the full factorial design. For
example, consider a 23 design that requires 8 runs in
all.
A half-fraction is the design in which only four of the
eight treatments are run. The fraction is denoted as 2
3-1with the -1 " in the index denoting a half-fraction.
In the next figure: Assume that the treatments
chosen for the half-fraction design are the ones
where the interaction ABC is at the high level (1). The
resulting 23-1 design has a design matrix as shown in
Figure (b).
Half-Fraction Designs
No. of runs = 8
No. of runs = 4
No. of runs = 4
23
2
I=
ABC
3-1
2
I=
-ABC
3-1
Half-Fraction Designs
The effect, ABC , is called the generator
or word for this design
The column corresponding to the
identity, I , and column corresponding
to the interaction , ABC are identical.
The identical columns are written as I=
ABC and this equation is called the
defining relation for the design.
24-1
I=A
D
24-2
2III3-1
I = -ABC
L8
(2^7)
Analyzing Experimental
Data
To determine the effect each variable has
on the output, the signal-to-noise ratio,
or the SN number, needs to be calculated
for each experiment conducted.
yi is the mean value and si is the
variance. yi is the value of the
performance characteristic for a given
experiment.
signal-to-noise ratio
A: Temperature
A1 = 100C
A2 = 150C (current)
A3 = 200C
B: Pressure
B1 = 2 psi
B2 = 5 psi (current)
B3 = 8 psi
C: Doping Amount
C1 = 4%
C2 = 6% (current)
C3 = 8%
D: Deposition Rate
D1 = 0.1 mg/s
D2 = 0.2 mg/s (current)
D3 = 0.3 mg/s
This setup allows the testing of all four variables without having to ru
Temper
ature
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
100
100
100
150
150
150
200
200
200
Doping
Pressur Amoun
e
t
2
5
8
2
5
8
2
5
8
4
6
8
6
8
4
8
4
6
Deposit
ion
Rate
Trial 1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
87.3
74.8
56.5
79.8
77.3
89
64.8
99
75.7
Trial 2
Trial 3
Mean
82.3
70.7
54.9
78.2
76.5
87.3
62.3
93.2
74
70.7
63.2
45.7
62.3
54.9
83.2
55.7
87.3
63.2
80.1
69.6
52.4
73.4
69.6
86.5
60.9
93.2
71
Standar
d
deviatio
n
8.5
5.9
5.8
9.7
12.7
3
4.7
5.9
6.8
A
(temp)
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
80.12
SN i 10 log 8.5 2 19.5
B
(pres)
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
C
(dop)
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
1
D
(dep)
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
1
T1
87.3
74.8
56.5
79.8
77.3
89
64.8
99
75.7
T2
82.3
70.7
54.9
78.2
76.5
87.3
62.3
93.2
74
T3
70.7
63.2
45.7
62.3
54.9
83.2
55.7
87.3
63.2
SNi
19.5
21.5
19.1
17.6
14.8
29.3
22.3
24.0
20.4
A
B
(temp) (pres)
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
C
(dop)
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
1
D
(dep)
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
1
SNi
19.5
21.5
19.1
17.6
14.8
29.3
22.3
24.0
20.4
Level
1
2
3
Rank
D (dep)
18.2
24.4
20.2
6.1
1
Example Solution
Available designs
Design matrix