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THI TH THPT QUC GIA LN I NM HC 2015 2016

Mn: HA HC
Cu 1: Trong cc halogen sau y, halogen c tnh oxi ha mnh nht l
A. Clo.
B. Flo.
C. Brom.
D. Iot.
Cu 2: Phn ng no di y khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh?
to
to
A. 6KOH 3Cl2
B. 4FeO O 2
5KCl KClO3 3H 2O.
2Fe 2O 3
o

t
t
C. BaCO3
D. 2KMnO 4
BaO CO 2 .
K 2 MnO 4 O 2 MnO 2
Cu 3: Cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca X l 13. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p6.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p2.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p1.
D. 1s22s22p63s23p3.
Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton 5,4 gam Ag bng dung dch HNO 3, thu c x mol NO 2 (l sn phm kh duy
nht). Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,05.
B. 0,10.
C. 0,15.
D. 0,25.
Cu 5: Lu hunh trong cht no sau y va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh
A. H2S.
B. Na2SO4.
C. SO2.
D. H2SO4.
Cu 6: t chy hon ton m gam Cu trong kh Cl2 d, thu c 13,5 gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,4.
B. 3,2.
C. 12,8.
D. 9,6.
Cu 7: Cho cc nguyn t: Al (Z = 13), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp
theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. Si, Mg, Al.
B. Mg, Al, Si.
C. Si, Al, Mg.
D. Mg, Si, Al
Cu 8: Cho 0,3 gam mt kim loi ha tr II phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,28 lt H 2
(ktc). Kim loi l
A. Ca.
B. Ba.
C. Sr.
D. Mg.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l
A. O2, H2O, NH3
B. H2O, HF, H2S
C. HCl, O3, H2S
D. HF, Cl2, H2O
Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam Al bng dung dch H 2SO4 long, d th thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca V l
A. 2,24.
B. 1,12.
C. 4,48.
D. 3,36.
Cu 11: Thc hin cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH.
(b) Cho NaCl vo dung dch KNO3.
(c) Cho Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl
(d) Cho dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cu 12: V tr ca nguyn t Na (Z=11) trong BTH l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IB
C. Chu k 3, nhm IA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IB
Cu 13: Kh hon ton 4,8 gam Fe2O3 bng CO d nhit cao. Khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng l
A. 2,52 gam.
B. 3,36 gam.
C. 1,68 gam.
D. 1,44 gam.
Cu 14: Dung dch HNO3 khng phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. Mg.
B. FeO.
C. Ag.
D. CuSO4.
Cu 15: Oxit no sau y l oxit axit?
A. MgO.
B. CaO.
C. CO2.
D. Na2O.
Cu 16: Cht no sau y khng phn ng c vi axit axetic?
A. NaOH.
B. Cu.
C. Na.
D. CaCO3.
Cu 17: X phng ha hon ton 3,7 gam CH 3COOCH3 bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH. C cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,6.
B. 3,2.
C. 4,1.
D. 8,2.
Cu 18: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c nhit si cao nht
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH3CH3.
D. CH3CH2OH.
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Cu 19: Khi lm th nghim vi HNO3 c, nng thng sinh ra kh NO2. hn ch tt nht kh NO2
thot ra gy nhim mi trng, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng bng tm dung dch no sau y
A. Nc vi trong.
B. Mui n.
C. Gim n.
D. Cn.
Cu 20: Cho 9 gam amin X n chc, bc 1 phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch
cha 16,3 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH3NH2.
B. CH3NHCH3.
C. C3H7NH2.
D. CH3CH2NH2.
Cu 21: Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim, un nng c gi l phn ng
A. trng hp.
B. thy phn.
C. x phng ha.
D. trng ngng.
Cu 22: Cht no sau y khng thy phn trong mi trng axit
A. Tinh bt.
B. Glucoz.
C. Saccaroz.
D. Xenluloz.
Cu 23: Cht no sau y thuc loi amin bc mt
A. (CH3)3N.
B. CH3NHCH3.
C. CH3NH2.
D. CH3CH2NHCH3.
Cu 24: Cho cc pht biu sau
(a) nhit thng, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong dung dch glixerol.
(b) nhit thng, C2H4 phn ng c vi nc brom.
(c) t chy hon ton CH3COOCH3 thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O.
(d) axit fomic (HCOOH) phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH.
S pht biu ng l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 25: Cho CH3CHO phn ng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, nun nng) thu c
A. CH3COOH.
B. HCOOH.
C. CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3OH.
Cu 26: un 4,6 gam C2H5OH vi CH3COOH d (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c 2,2 gam
CH3COOC2H5. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho tnh theo ancol l
A. 12,5%.
B. 75%.
C. 25,00%.
D. 50,00%.
Cu 27: Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi
A. ancol metylic.
B. etylen glicol.
C. ancol etylic.
D. glixerol.
Cu 28: Kh thin nhin c dng lm nhin liu v nguyn liu cho cc nh my sn xut in, s, m,
ancol metylic,... Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l
A. C6H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
Cu 29: Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Kh clo c dng st trng nc sinh hot
B. Phn m cung cp nguyn t nito cho cy
C. Axit sunfuric l mt trong nhng ha cht c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong cng nghip
D. Trong t nhin, oxi ch tn ti dng n cht.
Cu 30: t chy hon ton cht hu c no sau y thu c sn phm c cha N2?
A. Xenluloz.
B. Amin.
C. Cht bo.
D. Tinh bt.
Cu 31: Axit X cha mt nhm -COOH trong phn t. Y l este ca X vi 1 ancol n chc, MY = 88. Cng
thc ca X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COOC2H5.
B. CH3- CH2-COOH, CH3- CH2-COOC2H5.
C. H-COOH, H-COOCH3.
D. HCOOH, HCOOC2H5.
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X, thu c CO2 v H2O c
s mol bng nhau. X khng th gm
A. ankan v anken.
B. hai anken.
C. ankan v ankin.
D. ankan v ankaien.
+
2+
+
Cu 33: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol K ; 0,2 mol Mg ; 0,1 mol Na ; 0,2 mol Cl v a mol Y2 . C cn
dung dch X, thu c m gam mui khan. Ion Y2 v gi tr ca m l
A. SO24 v 56,5.
B. CO32 v 30,1.
C. SO24 v 37,3.
D. CO32 v 42,1.

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Cu 34: Ha tan 1,12 gam Fe bng 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M, thu c dung dch X v kh H2. Cho dung
5
dch AgNO3 d vo X, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N ) v m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,36.
B. 8,61.
C. 9,15.
D. 10,23.
Cu 35: C ba dung dch ring bit: H2SO4 1M; KNO3 1M; HNO3 1M c nh s ngu nhin l (1),
(2), (3).
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (1) vi 5 ml dung dch (2), thm bt Cu d, thu c V1 lt kh NO.
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (1) vi 5 ml dung dch (3), thm bt Cu d, thu c 2V1 lt kh NO.
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (2) vi 5 ml dung dch (3), thm bt Cu d, thu c V2 lt kh NO.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin. So snh no sau y ng?
A. V2 = V1.
B. V2 = 3V1.
C. V2 = 2V1.
D. 2V2 = V1.
Cu 36: phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c, ngi ta thc hin mt th nghim c
m t nh hnh v:
Hp cht hu c
Bng trn CuSO4 khan

Dung dch Ca(OH)2

Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Th nghim trn dng xc nh clo c trong hp cht hu c.
B. Trong th nghim trn c th thay dung dch Ca(OH)2 bng dung dch Ba(OH)2.
C. Bng trn CuSO4 khan c tc dng chnh l ngn hi hp cht hu c thot ra khi ng nghim.
D. Th nghim trn dng xc nh nit c trong hp cht hu c.
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm CaC2 x mol v Al4C3 y mol. Cho mt lng nh X vo H 2O rt d, thu c dung
dch Y, hn hp kh Z (C2H2 v CH4) v a gam kt ta Al(OH)3. t chy ht Z, ri cho ton b sn phm
vo Y c 2a gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. T l x : y bng
A. 5 : 6.
B. 1 : 2.
C. 3 : 2.
D. 4 : 3.
Cu 38: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.
(b) Sc kh F2 vo nc.
(c) Cho KMnO4 vo dung dch HCl c.
(d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH.
(e) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH long.
(g) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4.
S th nghim c sinh ra n cht l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 6.
Cu 39: Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht sau dng dung dch nc: X, Y,
Z, T v Q.
Cht
X
Y
Z
T
Q
Thuc th
khng i khng i khng i Khng i
khng i
Qu tm
mu
Mu
mu
mu
mu
Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, khng c kt
khng c khng c kt
Ag
Ag
un nh
ta
kt ta
ta
Cu(OH)2
dung dch dung dch
Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2, lc nh
khng tan
xanh lam Xanh lam khng tan
khng tan
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Kt ta trng khng c khng c
Khng c
khng c
Nc brom
kt ta
kt ta
kt ta
kt ta
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T v Q ln lt l
A. Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, anehit fomic, metanol.
B. Glixerol, glucoz, etylen glicol, metanol, axetanehit.
C. Phenol, glucoz, glixerol, etanol, anehit fomic.
D. Fructoz, glucoz, axetanehit, etanol, anehit fomic.
Cu 40: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau
(a) Cho Cu vo dung dch FeSO4.
(b) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2.
(c) Dn kh CO d qua bt CuO nung nng.
(d) Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4 d.
(e) Nhit phn AgNO3.
(g) t FeS2 trong khng kh.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, s th nghim thu c kim loi l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 5.
S
mol
BaCO
Cu 41: Sc CO2 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2
3
ta quan st hin tng theo th hnh bn.
a
Gi tr ca x l :
A. 5,0 (mol)
B. 3,6 (mol)
C. 4,0 (mol)
D. 4,4 (mol)
0,5a

3,0 ml dung
x
S mol
CO2 1,38M thu
Cu 42: un nng m gam hn hp X (R-COO-R1;0 R-COO-R2) vi 500
dch
NaOH
c dung dch Y v 15,4 gam hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l ng ng lin tip. Cho ton b
lng T tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,04 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn Y thu c cht rn ri ly cht rn ny
em nung vi CaO xc tc n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 7,2 gam mt kh. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20,44.
B. 40,60.
C. 34,51.
D. 31,00.
Cu 43: Cho 8,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long
(dung dch Y), thu c 1,344 lt NO (ktc) v dung dch Z. Dung dch Z ha tan ti a 5,04 gam Fe, sinh
ra kh NO. Bit trong cc phn ng, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5. S mol HNO3 c trong Y l
A. 0,54 mol.
B. 0,78 mol.
C. 0,50 mol.
D. 0,44 mol.
Cu 44: Cho m gam hn hp P gm Mg v Al c t l mol 4:5 vo dung dch HNO 3 20%. Sau khi cc kim
loi tan ht c 6,72 lt hn hp X gm NO, N 2O, N2 bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng
O2 va vo X, sau phn ng c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch KOH d, c 4,48 lt hn
hp kh Z i ra (ktc). T khi ca Z i vi H 2 bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A th
lng kt ta ln nht thu c l (m + 39,1) gam .Bit HNO 3 dng d 20 % so vi lng cn thit.Nng
% ca Al(NO3)3 trong A gn nht vi :
A. 9,5%
B. 9,6%
C. 9,4%
D. 9,7%
Cu 45: Cho 3 cht hu c X, Y, Z (mch thng, ch cha C, H, O) u c khi lng mol l 82 (trong
X v Y l ng phn ca nhau). Bit 1,0 mol X hoc Z tc dng va vi 3,0 mol AgNO3 trong dung
dch NH3; 1,0 mol Y tc dng va vi 4,0 mol AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3. Kt lun khng ng khi
nhn xt v X, Y, Z l
A. S lin kt trong X, Y v Z ln lt l 4, 4 v 3.
B. Phn trm khi lng ca hiro trong X l 7,32% v trong Z l 2,44%.
C. Phn trm khi lng oxi trong X l 39,02% v trong Z l 19,51%.
D. S nhm chc -CHO trong X, Y v Z ln lt l 1,2 v 1.
Cu 46: t chy hon ton 3,08 gam hp cht hu c X (ch cha C, H, O), ton b sn phm sinh ra hp
th vo bnh ng 500ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,2M thy xut hin 6 gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng

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dung dch tng 1,24 gam. Bit phn t khi ca X nh hn phn t khi ca glucoz, X phn ng vi
NaOH theo t l mol nX : nNaOH =1:4 v X c phn ng trng gng. S ng phn ca X l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 47: Cho 7,65 gam hn hp X gm Al v Al 2O3 (trong Al chim 60% khi lng) tan hon ton
trong dung dch Y gm H2SO4 v NaNO3, thu c dung dch Z ch cha 3 mui trung ha v m gam hn
hp kh T (trong T c 0,015 mol H2). Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo Z n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 93,2 gam kt ta. Cn nu cho Z phn ng vi NaOH th lng NaOH phn ng ti a l
0,935 mol. Gi tr ca m gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 2,5.
B. 3,0.
C. 1,5.
D. 1,0.
Cu 48: Cho cht X c CTPT l CH6O3N2 phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH (un nng), thu c dung
dch Y ch gm cc cht v c v 2,24 lit kh Z (ktc) c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm m. C cn Y, thu c
m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,2.
B. 8,3.
C. 8,5.
D. 6,8.
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c no, mch h (u cha C, H, O), trong phn t mi cht c hai nhm
chc trong s cc nhm -OH, -CHO, -COOH. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 4,05 gam Ag v 1,86 gam mt mui amoni hu c. Cho ton b lng mui
amoni hu c ny vo dung dch NaOH (d, un nng), thu c 0,02 mol NH3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,50.
B. 2,98.
C. 1,22.
D. 1,24.
Cu 50: Hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l X v Y (MX < MY), ng ng k tip ca nhau. un nng 27,2
gam T vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z gm: 0,08 mol ba ete (c khi lng 6,76 gam) v
mt lng ancol d. t chy hon ton Z cn va 43,68 lt O2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca X v Y
ln lt l
A. 20% v 40%.
B. 40% v 30%.
C. 30% v 30%.
D. 50% v 20%.

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P N THI TH THPT QUC GIA LN I NM HC 2015 2016

Mn: HA HC
Cu 1: Trong cc halogen sau y, halogen c tnh oxi ha mnh nht l
A. Clo.
B. Flo.
C. Brom.
D. Iot.
Tnh oxi ha ca Flo > Clo > Brom > Iot p n B
Cu 2: Phn ng no di y khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh?
to
to
A. 6KOH 3Cl2
B. 4FeO O 2
5KCl KClO3 3H 2O.
2Fe 2O 3
o

t
C. BaCO3
BaO CO 2 .

t
D. 2KMnO 4
K 2 MnO 4 O 2 MnO 2

2 4 2

2 2

4 2

to
p n C v khng c s thay i s oxi ha: Ba C O3
Ba O C O 2
Cu 3: Cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca X l 13. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p6.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p2.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p1.
D. 1s22s22p63s23p3.
p n C
Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton 5,4 gam Ag bng dung dch HNO 3, thu c x mol NO 2 (l sn phm kh duy
nht). Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,05.
B. 0,10.
C. 0,15.
D. 0,25.
Phng trnh ha hc: Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O
0,05

0,05
p n A
Cu 5: Lu hunh trong cht no sau y va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh
A. H2S.
B. Na2SO4.
C. SO2.
D. H2SO4.
p n C v S c s oxi ha +4 l s oxi ha trung gian, c th tng ln +6 hoc xung 0
Cu 6: t chy hon ton m gam Cu trong kh Cl2 d, thu c 13,5 gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,4.
B. 3,2.
C. 12,8.
D. 9,6.
Phng trnh ha hc: Cu + Cl2 CuCl2
a

a
a = 0,1 mol m = 6,4 gam p n A
Cu 7: Cho cc nguyn t: Al (Z = 13), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp
theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. Si, Mg, Al.
B. Mg, Al, Si.
C. Si, Al, Mg.
D. Mg, Si, Al
C 3 nguyn t ny u thuc chu k 3, th t t tri sang phi trong chu k l Mg, Al, Si. M
trong 1 chu k, i t tri qua phi th bn knh nguyn t gim dn nn p n l B
Cu 8: Cho 0,3 gam mt kim loi ha tr II phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,28 lt H 2
(ktc). Kim loi l
A. Ca.
B. Ba.
C. Sr.
D. Mg.
Phng trnh ha hc: M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
a

a
a = 0,0125 mol M = 24 gam p n D
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l
A. O2, H2O, NH3
B. H2O, HF, H2S
C. HCl, O3, H2S
D. HF, Cl2, H2O
Lin kt CHT phn cc c to ra t 2 loi phi kim khc nhau p n B
Hoc c th loi tr A, C, D u c cc n cht (cha lin kt CHT khng cc)
Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam Al bng dung dch H 2SO4 long, d th thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca V l
A. 2,24.
B. 1,12.
C. 4,48.
D. 3,36.
Phng trnh ha hc: 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1

0,15
V = 3,36 (l) p n D

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Cu 11: Thc hin cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH.
(b) Cho NaCl vo dung dch KNO3.
(c) Cho Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl
(d) Cho dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cc phn ng ny u thuc loi phn ng trao i ion. Phn ng ch xy ra khi sn phm c t
nht 1 cht kt ta hoc 1 cht kh hoc 1 cht in li yu.
(a) CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O (v to ra nc l cht in li yu)
(b) Khng xy ra
(c) Na2CO3 + 2 HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O (v to ra nc v kh CO2)
(d) CuSO4 + Ba(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 + BaSO4 (v to ra 2 cht kt ta)
p n B
Cu 12: V tr ca nguyn t Na (Z=11) trong BTH l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IB
C. Chu k 3, nhm IA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IB
Cu hnh electron ca Na: 1s22s22p63s1 chu k 3, nhm IA p n C
Cu 13: Kh hon ton 4,8 gam Fe2O3 bng CO d nhit cao. Khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng l
A. 2,52 gam.
B. 3,36 gam.
C. 1,68 gam.
D. 1,44 gam.
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
0,03
006
mFe = 3,36 (g) p n B
Cu 14: Dung dch HNO3 khng phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. Mg.
B. FeO.
C. Ag.
D. CuSO4.
p n A v C l cc kim loi (khng phi Au, Pt) nn c th tc dng vi HNO3
p n B l 1 oxit bazo nn cng c th tc dng vi HNO3
Vy p n l D
Cu 15: Oxit no sau y l oxit axit?
A. MgO.
B. CaO.
C. CO2.
D. Na2O.
p n C
Cu 16: Cht no sau y khng phn ng c vi axit axetic?
A. NaOH.
B. Cu.
C. Na.
D. CaCO3.
p n B v Cu l kim loi yu (ng sau H trong dy hot ng ha hc)
Cu 17: X phng ha hon ton 3,7 gam CH 3COOCH3 bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH. C cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,6.
B. 3,2.
C. 4,1.
D. 8,2.
Phng trnh ha hc: CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
0,05

005
mmui = 4,1 (g) p n C
Cu 18: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c nhit si cao nht
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH3CH3.
D. CH3CH2OH.
Vi cc cht c M tng ng nhau th nhit si gim dn theo chiu sau:
amino axit > axit > ancol > amin > cc cht khc
p n A
Cu 19: Khi lm th nghim vi HNO3 c, nng thng sinh ra kh NO2. hn ch tt nht kh NO2
thot ra gy nhim mi trng, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng bng tm dung dch no sau y
A. Nc vi trong.
B. Mui n.
C. Gim n.
D. Cn.
p n A v nc vi trong (Ca(OH)2) l bazo c th hp th c NO2
Cu 20: Cho 9 gam amin X n chc, bc 1 phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch
cha 16,3 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
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A. CH3NH2.
B. CH3NHCH3.
C. C3H7NH2.
D. CH3CH2NH2.
Phng trnh ha hc: R-NH2 + HCl R-NH3Cl
mmui = mX + mHCl mHCl = mMui mX = 7,3 gam nHCl = 0,2 mol = nX MX = 45
R = 29 (C2H5) p n D
Cu 21: Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim, un nng c gi l phn ng
A. trng hp.
B. thy phn.
C. x phng ha.
D. trng ngng.
p n C
Cu 22: Cht no sau y khng thy phn trong mi trng axit
A. Tinh bt.
B. Glucoz.
C. Saccaroz.
D. Xenluloz.
p n B v glucozo l monosaccarit, khng th thy phn c
Cu 23: Cht no sau y thuc loi amin bc mt
A. (CH3)3N.
B. CH3NHCH3.
C. CH3NH2.
D. CH3CH2NHCH3.
Amin bc I c cha nhm NH2 p n C
Cu 24: Cho cc pht biu sau
(a) nhit thng, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong dung dch glixerol.
(b) nhit thng, C2H4 phn ng c vi nc brom.
(c) t chy hon ton CH3COOCH3 thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O.
(d) axit fomic (HCOOH) phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH.
S pht biu ng l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Pht biu (a) ng v glixerol l ancol a chc c 2 nhm OH cnh nhau nn ha tan c
Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch phc mu xanh.
Pht biu (b) ng v C2H4 (etilen) c lin kt i (C=C) nn lm mt mu dung dch brom
Pht biu (c) ng: CH3COOCH3 + 3,5O2 3CO2 + 3H2O
Pht biu (d) ng: HCOOH + NaOH HCOONa + H2O
Cu 25: Cho CH3CHO phn ng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, nun nng) thu c
A. CH3COOH.
B. HCOOH.
C. CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3OH.
p n C v anehit + H2 ancol bc I
Cu 26: un 4,6 gam C2H5OH vi CH3COOH d (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c 2,2 gam
CH3COOC2H5. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho tnh theo ancol l
A. 12,5%.
B. 75%.
C. 25,00%.
D. 50,00%.
Phng trnh ha hc: C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
B
0,2 (mol)
p/
x (mol)

x
Vi neste = 0,025 (mol) = x H% = 0,025/0,2.100% = 12,5% p n A
Cu 27: Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi
A. ancol metylic.
B. etylen glicol.
C. ancol etylic.
D. glixerol.
p n D
Cu 28: Kh thin nhin c dng lm nhin liu v nguyn liu cho cc nh my sn xut in, s, m,
ancol metylic,... Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l
A. C6H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
p n C
Cu 29: Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Kh clo c dng st trng nc sinh hot
B. Phn m cung cp nguyn t nito cho cy
C. Axit sunfuric l mt trong nhng ha cht c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong cng nghip
D. Trong t nhin, oxi ch tn ti dng n cht.
p n D v oxi tn ti c dng hp cht nh H2O, CO2,
Cu 30: t chy hon ton cht hu c no sau y thu c sn phm c cha N2?
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A. Xenluloz.
B. Amin.
C. Cht bo.
D. Tinh bt.
p n B v trong 4 loi cht trn ch c amin l c cha nguyn t Nito
Cu 31: Axit X cha mt nhm -COOH trong phn t. Y l este ca X vi 1 ancol n chc, MY = 88. Cng
thc ca X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COOC2H5.
B. CH3- CH2-COOH, CH3- CH2-COOC2H5.
C. H-COOH, H-COOCH3.
D. HCOOH, HCOOC2H5.
MY = 88 nn ch c p n A tha mn.
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X, thu c CO2 v H2O c
s mol bng nhau. X khng th gm
A. ankan v anken.
B. hai anken.
C. ankan v ankin.
D. ankan v ankaien.
p n A v t chy ankan thu c nCO2 < nH2O cn t chy anken thu c nCO2 = nH2O nn t chy
hn hp ankan v anken th nCO2 < nH2O
+
2+
+
Cu 33: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol K ; 0,2 mol Mg ; 0,1 mol Na ; 0,2 mol Cl v a mol Y2 . C cn
dung dch X, thu c m gam mui khan. Ion Y2 v gi tr ca m l
A. SO24 v 56,5.
B. CO32 v 30,1.
C. SO24 v 37,3.
D. CO32 v 42,1.
2+
22V dung dch c ion Mg nn Y khng th l CO3 c loi B v D Y2- l SO42Bo ton in tch ta c: 0,1.1 + 0,2.2 +0,1.1 = 0,2.1 + a.2 a = 0,2
mmui = 0,1.39 + 0,2.24 + 0,1.23 + 0,2.35,5 + 0,2.96 = 37,3 p n C
Cu 34: Ha tan 1,12 gam Fe bng 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M, thu c dung dch X v kh H2. Cho dung
5
dch AgNO3 d vo X, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N ) v m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,36.
B. 8,61.
C. 9,15.
D. 10,23.
Ta c: nFe = 0,02 (mol), nHCl = 0,06 (mol)
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
B: 0,02 0,06
P/: 0,02 0,04
0,02
0,02
Sau: 0
0,02
0,02
0,02
2+
+
Vy dung dch X gm: Fe : 0,02 mol; H : 0,02 mol; Cl-: 0,06 mol
Cho AgNO3 vo X: 3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO3- 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
B: 0,02
0,02
P/: 0,015 0,02
0,015 0,005
Sau: 0,005 0
Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag
0,005
0,005
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
0,06 0,06
Vy kt ta gm Ag (0,005 mol) v AgCl (0,06 mol) m = 9,15 gam p n C
Cu 35: C ba dung dch ring bit: H2SO4 1M; KNO3 1M; HNO3 1M c nh s ngu nhin l (1),
(2), (3).
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (1) vi 5 ml dung dch (2), thm bt Cu d, thu c V1 lt kh NO.
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (1) vi 5 ml dung dch (3), thm bt Cu d, thu c 2V1 lt kh NO.
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (2) vi 5 ml dung dch (3), thm bt Cu d, thu c V2 lt kh NO.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin. So snh no sau y ng?
A. V2 = V1.
B. V2 = 3V1.
C. V2 = 2V1.
D. 2V2 = V1.
+
2+
Ta c: Phng trnh phn ng to ra NO: 3Cu + 8H + 2NO3 3Cu + 2NO + 4H2O
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+
Nhn thy: s mol H phn ng = 4 ln s mol NO3-. V vy trong c 3 TN trn th NO3- u d.
s mol NO thu c = s mol H+.
Li thy TN2 s mol NO gp 2 ln s mol NO TN1 s mol H+ TN2 gp i TN1
(3) l H2SO4 cn (2) l HNO3 (1) l KNO3.
TN3, s mol H+ = 3 ln TN1 V2 = 3V1 p n B.
Cu 36: phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c, ngi ta thc hin mt th nghim c
m t nh hnh v:
Hp cht hu c

Bng trn CuSO4 khan

Dung dch Ca(OH)2

Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Th nghim trn dng xc nh clo c trong hp cht hu c.
B. Trong th nghim trn c th thay dung dch Ca(OH)2 bng dung dch Ba(OH)2.
C. Bng trn CuSO4 khan c tc dng chnh l ngn hi hp cht hu c thot ra khi ng nghim.
D. Th nghim trn dng xc nh nit c trong hp cht hu c.
D dng nhn thy p n B l ng v 2 dung dch Ca(OH) 2 v Ba(OH)2 c tnh cht hon ton
tng t nhau.
Phn tch thm:
p n A sai v dung dch Ca(OH)2 khng nhn bit c clo
p n C sai v CuSO4 khan c kh nng ht nc mnh v b thay i mu (t trng sang xanh)
nn CuSO4 dng nhn bit ra hi nc trong sn phm
p n D sai (tng t nh A)
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm CaC2 x mol v Al4C3 y mol. Cho mt lng nh X vo H 2O rt d, thu c dung
dch Y, hn hp kh Z (C2H2 v CH4) v a gam kt ta Al(OH)3. t chy ht Z, ri cho ton b sn phm
vo Y c 2a gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. T l x : y bng
A. 5 : 6.
B. 1 : 2.
C. 3 : 2.
D. 4 : 3.
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
x
x
x
Al4C3 + 12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
y
4y
3y
Ca(OH)2 + 2Al(OH)3 Ca(AlO2)2 + 4H2O
B:
x
4y
P/:
x
2x
x
Sau:
0
4y-2x
x
s mol kt ta = 4y 2x (1)
Dung dch Y gm Ca(AlO2)2 x (mol); kh Z gm C2H2 (x mol) v CH4 (3y mol)
t chy hn hp CH4 v C2H2 th thu c s mol CO2 = 2x + 3y (mol). Cho hp th vo Y:
CO2 + 2H2O + AlO2- Al(OH)3 + HCO3B: 2x + 3y
2x
P/: 2x
2x
2x
Sau: 3y
0
2x
s mol kt ta = 2x (2)
V s mol kt ta (2) = 2 (1) 2x = 2(4y-2x) x:y = 4:3 p n D
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Cu 38: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.
(b) Sc kh F2 vo nc.
(c) Cho KMnO4 vo dung dch HCl c.
(d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH.
(e) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH long.
(g) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4.
S th nghim c sinh ra n cht l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 6.
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
(a) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O
(b) 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2
(c) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
(d) CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 (hoc Na2CO3 + H2O)
(e) Khng xy ra.
(g) Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
p n C
Cu 39: Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht sau dng dung dch nc: X, Y,
Z, T v Q.
Cht
X
Y
Z
T
Q
Thuc th
khng i khng i khng i Khng i
khng i
Qu tm
mu
Mu
mu
mu
mu
Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, khng c kt
khng c khng c kt
Ag
Ag
un nh
ta
kt ta
ta
Cu(OH)2
dung dch dung dch
Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2, lc nh
khng tan
xanh lam Xanh lam khng tan
khng tan
Kt ta trng khng c khng c
Khng c
khng c
Nc brom
kt ta
kt ta
kt ta
kt ta
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T v Q ln lt l
A. Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, anehit fomic, metanol.
B. Glixerol, glucoz, etylen glicol, metanol, axetanehit.
C. Phenol, glucoz, glixerol, etanol, anehit fomic.
D. Fructoz, glucoz, axetanehit, etanol, anehit fomic.
Loi D v X khng trng bc m fructozo c phn ng trng bc
Loi B v X to kt ta trng vi nc brom m glixerol khng tc dng vi nc brom
Loi A v T khng trng bc m andehit fomic c phn ng trng bc
Vy p n l C
Cu 40: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau
(a) Cho Cu vo dung dch FeSO4.
(b) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2.
(c) Dn kh CO d qua bt CuO nung nng.
(d) Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4 d.
(e) Nhit phn AgNO3.
(g) t FeS2 trong khng kh.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, s th nghim thu c kim loi l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
(a) khng phn ng
(b) Cl2 + 2FeCl2 2FeCl3
(c) CO +CuO Cu + CO2
(d) 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2; 2NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
(e) AgNO3 Ag + NO2 + 1/2O2
(g) 4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Vy p n l B
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Cu 41: Sc CO2 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2
ta quan st hin tng theo th hnh bn.
S mol BaCO3
Gi tr ca x l :
A. 5,0 (mol)
B. 3,6 (mol)
a
C. 4,0 (mol)
D. 4,4 (mol)
0,5a
0

3,0

S mol CO

2
Nhn vo th ta thy:
+ S mol BaCO3 ti a thu c = a (mol) = s mol Ba(OH)2 ban u
+ Khi s mol CO2 = 3,0 th Ba2+ kt ta ht v CO 2 ha tan 1 phn kt ta, lng kt ta cn
li l 0,5a (mol).
Cc phn ng xy ra theo th t nh sau:
(1) CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
a
a
a
(2) CO2 + H2O + BaCO3 Ba(HCO3)2
B:
a
P/:
0,5a
0,5a
Sau:
0,5a
s mol CO2 = 1,5a = 3,0 a = 2 (mol)
Khi s mol CO2 = x (mol) th kt ta tan ht, khi cc phn ng nh sau:
(1) CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
a
a
a
(2) CO2 + H2O + BaCO3 Ba(HCO3)2
B:
a
P/:
a
a
Sau:
0
s mol CO2 = 2a = 4,0 x = 4 (mol) p n C

Cu 42: un nng m gam hn hp X (R-COO-R1; R-COO-R2) vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,38M thu
c dung dch Y v 15,4 gam hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l ng ng lin tip. Cho ton b
lng T tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,04 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn Y thu c cht rn ri ly cht rn ny
em nung vi CaO xc tc n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 7,2 gam mt kh. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20,44.
B. 40,60.
C. 34,51.
D. 31,00.
Gi CT chung ca 2 este l R-COO-R
Phng trnh phn ng:
R-COO-R + NaOH R-COONa + R-OH (1)
B:
x
0,69 (mol)
P:
a
a
a
a
Sau:
x-a
0,69-a
a
a
R-OH + Na R-ONa + 1/2 H2
a
a/2
nH2 = a/2 = 0,225 a = 0,45 phn ng (1) NaOH d v este ht x = a = 0,45
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Li c mT = 15,4 gam MR-OH = 34,22 R = 17,22 (= 155/9)
C cn dung dch Y thu c cht rn gm: R-COONa (0,45 mol) v NaOH (0,23 mol), nung cht
rn ny vi CaO (xc tc) th c phn ng:
R-COONa + NaOH RH + Na2CO3
B:
0,45
0,24
P/:
0,24
0,24
0,24
Sau:
0,21
0
0,24
kh l RH (0,24 mol) R = 29 (C2H5)
Vy m = 0,45.(R + 44 + R) = 40,6 gam p n B
Cu 43: Cho 8,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long
(dung dch Y), thu c 1,344 lt NO (ktc) v dung dch Z. Dung dch Z ha tan ti a 5,04 gam Fe, sinh
ra kh NO. Bit trong cc phn ng, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5. S mol HNO3 c trong Y l
A. 0,54 mol.
B. 0,78 mol.
C. 0,50 mol.
D. 0,44 mol.
Gi s X gm c Fe (a mol) v O (b mol) 56a + 16b = 8,16 (*)
V dung dch Z tc dng vi Fe sinh ra NO chng t trong Z ang cn H + d hn hp X tan ht
v to ra mui Fe3+.
Li c nNO = 0,06 (mol) . Bo ton electron ta c: 3a = 2b + 0,06.3 (**)
a = 0,12 v b = 0,09
Z cha cc cht: HNO3 d (x mol) v Fe(NO3)3 (0,12 mol)
Cho 5,04 gam Fe (0,09 mol) vo Z th c cc phn ng sau:
Fe +
4H+ + NO3- Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O (1)
B: 0,09
x
x + 0,36
P/: x/4
x
x/4
x/4
x/4
Sau: 0,09-x/4 0
3x/4+0,36 x/4
3+
Fe +
2Fe

3Fe2+
0,09-x/4 0,18-x/2
3+
M tng s mol Fe = s mol ca Fe(NO3)3 trong Z + s mol Fe3+ to ra (1) = 0,12 + x/4
0,18-x/2 = 0,12 + x/4 x = 0,08 (mol)
tng s mol HNO3 = x + 0,12.3 + 0,06 = 0,5 mol (bo ton nguyn t N) p n C.
Cu 44: Cho m gam hn hp P gm Mg v Al c t l mol 4:5 vo dung dch HNO 3 20%. Sau khi cc kim
loi tan ht c 6,72 lt hn hp X gm NO, N 2O, N2 bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng
O2 va vo X, sau phn ng c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch KOH d, c 4,48 lt hn
hp kh Z i ra (ktc). T khi ca Z i vi H 2 bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A th
lng kt ta ln nht thu c l (m + 39,1) gam .Bit HNO 3 dng d 20 % so vi lng cn thit.Nng
% ca Al(NO3)3 trong A gn nht vi :
A. 9,5%
B. 9,6%
C. 9,4%
D. 9,7%
Hn hp P: Mg (4a mol) v Al (5a mol) 24.4a + 27.5a = m (*)
Hn hp X: NO (x mol), N2O (y mol), N2 (z mol)
x + y + z = 0,3 (1)
Cho X tc dng vi oxi va :
NO + 1/2O2 NO2
x
x
Hn hp Y: NO2 (x mol), N2O (y mol), N2 (x mol). cho tc dng vi KOH d
NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O
hn hp Z: N2O (y mol), N2 (z mol), dZ/H2 = 20 y + z = 0,2 (2) v 44y + 28z = 40(y + z) (3)
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x = 0,1; y = 0,15; z = 0,05
Gi s sn phm kh c c NH4NO3 (t mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c: 2.4a + 3.5a = 3.0,1 + 8.0,15 + 10.0,05 + 8t (4)
Khi lng kt ta ti a khi Al3+ v Mg2+ u kt ta ht to ra Mg(OH)2 (4a mol) v Al(OH)3 (5a
mol)
4a.58 + 5a.78 = m + 39,1 (**)
T (*) v (**) a = 0,1 mol
Thay vo (4) t = 0,0375 mol
Bo ton nguyn t Nito s mol HNO3 phn ng = ne nhng + nNO + 2nN2O + 2nN2 + 2nNH4NO3
= 2,3 + 0,1 + 2.0,15 + 2.0,05 + 2.0,0375 = 2,875 mol
mHNO3 = 181,125 (g) mdd HNO3 = 905,625 (g)
V HNO3 d 20% mdd HNO3 ban u = 905,625.120/100 = 1086,75 (g)
mddA = mdd + mKL - mkh = 1086,75 + 23,1 (0,1.30 + 0,15.44 + 0,05.28) = 1098,85 gam
Li c s mol Al(NO3)3 = s mol Al bn u = 0,5 mAl(NO3)3 = 106,5 (g)
C% Al(NO3)3 = 9,69% p n D.
Cu 45: Cho 3 cht hu c X, Y, Z (mch thng, ch cha C, H, O) u c khi lng mol l 82 (trong
X v Y l ng phn ca nhau). Bit 1,0 mol X hoc Z tc dng va vi 3,0 mol AgNO3 trong dung
dch NH3; 1,0 mol Y tc dng va vi 4,0 mol AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3. Kt lun khng ng khi
nhn xt v X, Y, Z l
A. S lin kt trong X, Y v Z ln lt l 4, 4 v 3.
B. Phn trm khi lng ca hiro trong X l 7,32% v trong Z l 2,44%.
C. Phn trm khi lng oxi trong X l 39,02% v trong Z l 19,51%.
D. S nhm chc -CHO trong X, Y v Z ln lt l 1,2 v 1.
V 1 mol Y tc dng c vi 4mol AgNO3 m MY = 82 Y c 2 nhm CHO.
Gi cng thc ca Y l R(CHO)2 R = 24 (C2) CTCT ca Y l HOC-CC-CHO
V 1 mol X hoc Z tc dng c vi 3 mol AgNO3 m M = 82 X v Z c 1 nhm CHO v 1 lin
kt ba u mch.
Gi cng thc ca X v Z l HCC-R-CHO R = 28 (C2H4 hoc CO)
CTCT ca X l CHC-CO-CHO (v X l ng phn ca Y) v Z l CHC-CH2-CH2-CHO.
p n B
Cu 46: t chy hon ton 3,08 gam hp cht hu c X (ch cha C, H, O), ton b sn phm sinh ra hp
th vo bnh ng 500ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,2M thy xut hin 6 gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng
dung dch tng 1,24 gam. Bit phn t khi ca X nh hn phn t khi ca glucoz, X phn ng vi
NaOH theo t l mol nX : nNaOH =1:4 v X c phn ng trng gng. S ng phn ca X l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Ta c s mol ca Ca(OH)2 = 0,1 (mol) m s mol kt ta = 0,06 gam nn s c 2 trng hp xy ra
nh sau:
TH1: Ca(OH)2 d, phn ng ch to ra mui CaCO3 nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,06 mol
mdd tng = mCO2 + mH2O mCaCO3 mH2O = 4,6 g nH2O = 23/90
nC = 0,06 (mol) v nH = 46/90 = 23/45.
Nu gi CTPT ca X l CxHyOz th x:y = 0,06:23/45 y = 27/230.x
Vi iu kin y 2x +2 x < 1 (v l)
TH2: Phn ng to ra 2 mui
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
a
a
a
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2
b
2b
b
Ta c a = 0,06 v a + b = 0,1 b = 0,04 tng s mol CO2 = a + 2b = 0,14 (mol)
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mdd tng = mCO2 + mH2O mCaCO3 mH2O = 1,08 g nH2O = 0,06
nC = 0,14 (mol) v nH = 0,12 mO = 3,08 0,14.12 0,12.1 = 1,28 (g) nO = 0,08 (mol)
Nu gi CTPT ca X l CxHyOz th x:y:z = 0,14:0,12:0,08 = 7:6:4
CTGN l C7H6O4 CTPT l (C7H6O4)n m MX < MC6H12O6 n = 1
CTPT l C7H6O4.
X c 4 nguyn t Oxi, c k=5 m X tc dng c vi 4 mol NaOH v li c phn ng trng
gng nn X c 1 nhm H-COO gn vo vng benzen v trong vng cn c 2 nhm OH phenol na.
X c 5 CTCT p n A.
Cu 47: Cho 7,65 gam hn hp X gm Al v Al 2O3 (trong Al chim 60% khi lng) tan hon ton
trong dung dch Y gm H2SO4 v NaNO3, thu c dung dch Z ch cha 3 mui trung ha v m gam hn
hp kh T (trong T c 0,015 mol H2). Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo Z n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 93,2 gam kt ta. Cn nu cho Z phn ng vi NaOH th lng NaOH phn ng ti a l
0,935 mol. Gi tr ca m gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 2,5.
B. 3,0.
C. 1,5.
D. 1,0.
Ta c mAl = 4,59 gam, mAl2O3 = 3,06 gam nAl = 0,17 (mol), nAl2O3 = 0,03 (mol) tng s mol Al
trong hh = 0,23 (mol)
Gi s mol ca H2SO4 = x (mol) v ca NaNO3 = y (mol)
V T c c H2 NO3- ht v H+ d tc dng vi Al to ra H2.
trong Z ch c mui SO42-, m Z cha 3 mui c c mui amoni
trong Z gm: Al2(SO4)3 0,23/2 = 0,115 (mol); Na2SO4 y/2 (mol); (NH4)2SO4 z (mol)
Bo ton nguyn t S z = x 0,115.3 y/2 (mol) (1)
Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 BaSO4 (x mol) x = 0,4 s mol H+ = 0,8 (mol)
Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c cc phn ng:
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
0,23
0,69
0,23
Al(OH)3 + OH AlO2- + 2H2O
0,23
0,23
+
NH4 + OH- NH3 + H2O
2z
2z
tng s mol OH = 0,92 + 2z = 0,935 z = 0,0075 (mol) s mol NH4+ = 0,015 (mol)
Thay vo (1) y = 0,095 (mol)
Mt khc, khi cho X + Y th c cc phn ng:
2kH+ + NO3- + Al Al3+ + spk l kh (NO2,NO,N2O,N2) + kH2O (2)
a
a/2
+
3+
6H + Al2O3 2Al + 3H2O (3)
0,18
0,03
+
6H + 2Al 2Al3+ + 3H2 (4)
0,03
0,015
+
30H + 3NO3 + 8Al 8Al3+ + 3NH4+ + 9H2O (5)
0,15
0,015 0,045
+
tng s mol H = a + 0,18 + 0,03 + 0,15 = 0,8 a = 0,44 (mol)
p dng bo ton khi lng:
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mAl + mAl2O3 + mH+ + mNO3- = mAl3+ + mT + mNH4+ + mH2O ( cc phn ng 2;3;5)
mT = 1,47 gam. p n C
Cu 48: Cho cht X c CTPT l CH6O3N2 phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH (un nng), thu c dung
dch Y ch gm cc cht v c v 2,24 lit kh Z (ktc) c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm m. C cn Y, thu c
m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,2.
B. 8,3.
C. 8,5.
D. 6,8.
CTCT: CH3-NH3NO3 + NaOH CH3-NH2 + NaNO3 + H2O
0,1

0,1
m = 8,5 gam p n C
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c no, mch h (u cha C, H, O), trong phn t mi cht c hai nhm
chc trong s cc nhm -OH, -CHO, -COOH. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 4,05 gam Ag v 1,86 gam mt mui amoni hu c. Cho ton b lng mui
amoni hu c ny vo dung dch NaOH (d, un nng), thu c 0,02 mol NH3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,50.
B. 2,98.
C. 1,22.
D. 1,24.
Gi CT chung ca 2 cht trong X l x(HO)R(COOH)y(CHO)z.
Phng trnh phn ng:
x(HO)R(COOH)y(CHO)z + 2zAgNO3 + (3z+y)NH3 + zH2O
a
2az
(3z+y)a
az
x(HO)R(COONH4)y(COONH4)z + 2zAg + 2zNH4NO3 (1)
a
2az
2az
s mol Ag = 0,375 mol 2az = 0,0375 az = 0,01875
x(HO)R(COONH4)y(COONH4)z + NaOH x(HO)R(COONa)y+z + (y+z)NH3 + (y+z)H2O
a
a(y+z)
s mol NH3 = 0,02 mol a(y+z) = 0,02 ay = 0,00125
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng (1) m = 1,22 gam p n C
Cu 50: Hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l X v Y (MX < MY), ng ng k tip ca nhau. un nng 27,2
gam T vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z gm: 0,08 mol ba ete (c khi lng 6,76 gam) v
mt lng ancol d. t chy hon ton Z cn va 43,68 lt O2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca X v Y
ln lt l
A. 20% v 40%.
B. 40% v 30%.
C. 30% v 30%.
D. 50% v 20%.
Gi CT chung ca 2 ancol l R-OH CT chung ca 3 ete l R-O-R, MTB ca 3 ete = 6,76/0,08 =
84,5 R = 34,25 2 ancol l C2H5OH (a mol) v C3H7OH (b mol)
46a + 60b = 27,2 (1)
Li c: t chy Z cn 1 lng oxi = t chy T do c th tnh s mol oxi dng t chy Z
bng cc phn ng t chy T:
C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
a
3a
C3H7OH + 4,5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
b
4,5b
3a + 4,5b = 1,95 (2). T (1) v (2) a = 0,2 mol v b = 0,3 mol
Gi s cc ete gm c: C2H5-O-C2H5 (x mol); C3H7-O-C3H7 (y mol); C2H5-O-C3H7 (z mol)
s mol C2H5OH phn ng = 2x + z (mol) v s mol C3H7OH phn ng = 2y + z (mol)
x + y + z = 0,08 (3) v 74x + 102y + 88z = 6,76 (4)
T (4) 74(x + y + z) + 28y + 14z = 6,76 2y + z = 0,06 = s mol C3H7OH phn ng
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Ly (3).2 (2y + z) = 2x + z 2x + z = 0,1 = s mol C2H5OH phn ng
H% (C2H5OH) = 50% v H% (C3H7OH) = 20% p n D.

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