BI TP CHNG 1

Cu 1: Nguyn t c cu to bi bao nhiu loi ht c bn ?

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 2: Trong nguyn t, ht mang in l

A. electron.

B. electron v ntron.

C. proton v nton.

D. proton v electron.

Cu 3: Ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t l

A. electron.

B. proton.

C. ntron.

D. ntron v electron.

Cu 4: Trong nguyn t, loi ht no c khi lng khng ng k so vi cc ht cn li ?

A. proton.

B. ntron.

C. electron.

D. ntron v electron.

Cu 5: Chn pht biu sai:

A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8p.

B. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8n.

C. Nguyn t oxi c s e bng s p.

D. Lp e ngoi cng nguyn t oxi c 6e.

Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y l sai:

A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
B. S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron.
C. S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t.
D. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t bng tng s ht proton v s ht ntron.
Cu 7: Mnh no sau y khng ng ?
A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magie mi c t l gia s proton v ntron l 1 : 1.
B. Ch c trong nguyn t magie mi c 12 electron.
C. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magie mi c 12 proton.

D. Nguyn t magie c 3 lp electron.

Cu 8: Ht nhn ca ion X+ c in tch l 30,4.10-19 Culng. Vy nguyn t l:

A. Ar.

B. K.

C. Ca.

D. Cl.

Cu 9: Mt nguyn t (X) c 13 proton trong ht nhn. Khi lng ca proton trong ht nhn
nguyn t X l:
A. 78,26.1023 gam.

B. 21,71.10-24 gam.

C. 27 vC.

D. 27 gam.

Cu 10: Bit rng khi lng ca nguyn t oxi nng gp 15,842 ln v khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon nng
gp 11,9059 ln khi lng ca nguyn t hiro. Nu chn 1/12 khi lng ca mt nguyn t ng v cacbon
12 lm n v th O, H c nguyn t khi l:
A. 15,9672 v 1,01.

B. 16,01 v 1,0079.

C. 15,9672 v 1,0079.

D. 16 v 1,0081.

Cu 11: S khi ca nguyn t bng tng

A. s p v n.

B. s p v e.

C. s n, e v p.

D. s in tch ht nhn.

Cu 12: Nguyn t flo c 9 proton, 9 electron v 10 ntron. S khi ca nguyn t flo l

A. 9.

B. 10.

C. 19.

D. 28.

Cu 13: Mt ion c 3p, 4n v 2e. Ion ny c in tch l

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A. 3+.

B. 2-.

C. 1+.

D. 1-.

Cu 14: Mt ion c 13p, 14n v 10e. Ion ny c in tch l

A. 3-.

B. 3+.

C. 1-.

D. 1+.

Cu 15: Mt ion (hoc nguyn t) c 8p, 8n v 10e. Ion (hoc nguyn t) ny c in tch l
A. 2-.

B. 2+.

C. 0.

D. 8+.

Cu 16: Ion M2+ c s e l 18, in tch ht nhn l:

A. 18.

B. 20.

C. 18+.

D. 20+.

B. s e - s p = 2.

C. s e - s n = 2.

D. s e - (s p +s n)=2.

Cu 17: Ion X2- c:

A. s p - s e=2.

Cu 18: Ion X- c 10e, ht nhn c 10n. S khi ca X l:

A. 19.

B. 20.

C. 18.

D. 21.

Cu 19: ng v l nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t, c s p bng nhau nhng khc nhau
s

A. electron.

B. ntron.

Cu 20: Trong k hiu

C. proton.

D. obitan.

X th:Z

A. A l s khi xem nh gn bng khi lng nguyn t X.

B. Z l s proton trong nguyn t X.

C. Z l s electron lp v.

D. C A, B, C u ng

Cu 21: Nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t l 24, s ntron l 28, c

A. s khi 52.

B. s e l 28.

C. s p l 28.

D. in tch ht nhn l 24 .

Cu 22: C 3 nguyn t c s proton u l 12, s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Chn cu sai:
A. Cc nguyn t trn l nhng ng v.

B. Cc nguyn t trn u cng 1 nguyn t.

C. Chng c s ntron ln lt: 12,13,14.

D. S th t l 24, 25, 26 trong bng HTTH.

Cu 23: Nguyn t ha hc l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng

A. s khi.

B. in tch ht nhn.

Cu 24: Mg c 3 ng v 24Mg, 25Mg v

C. s electron.

D. tng s proton v ntron.

2
6

Mg. Clo c ng v 35Cl v 37Cl. C bao nhiu loi phn

t MgCl2 khc nhau to nn t cc ng v ca 2 nguyn t ?

A. 6.

C. 12.
10.

B. 9.

D.

Cu 25: ng c hai ng v 63Cu (chim 73%) v 65Cu (chim 27%). Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca Cu l
A. 63,45.

B. 63,54.

C. 64,46.

D. 64,64.

Cu 26: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l
A. 34X.

B. 37X.

C. 36X.

D. 38X.

Cu 27: Nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v l X v Y, c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54. Bit tng s khi ca X v Y
l 128; s nguyn t ng v X = 0,37 ln s nguyn t ng v Y. Vy s ntron ca ng v Y t hn s ntron
ca ng v X l:
2

A. 2.

B. 4.

C. 6.

D. 1.

Cu 28: Hp cht AB2 c A = 50% (v khi lng) v tng s proton l 32. Nguyn t A v B u c s p bng s
n. AB2 l:
A. NO2.

B. SO2.

C. CO2.

D. SiO2.

Cu 29: Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht mang in tch l 128. Trong hp cht, tng s p ca cc nguyn t X
nhiu hn s p ca nguyn t M l 38. Cng thc ca hp cht trn l
A. FeCl3.

B. AlCl3.

C. FeF3.

D. AlBr3.

Cu 30: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB32- bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t A nhiu hn
trong nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo th t) l
A. 6 v 8.

B. 13 v 9.

C. 16 v 8.

D. 14 v 8.

Cu 31: Tng s p, e, n trong hai nguyn t A v B l 142, trong s tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca B nhiu hn ca A l 12. S hiu nguyn t ca A v B l
A. 17 v 19.

B. 20 v 26.

C. 43 v 49.

D. 40 v 52.

Cu 32: Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht trong X- nhiu hn
trong M3+ l 16. Cng thc ca MX3 l :
A. CrCl3.

B. FeCl3.

C. AlCl3.

D. SnCl3.

Cu 33: Trong phn t MX2, M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4
ht. Trong nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong phn t MX2 l 58. CTPT ca MX2 l
A. FeS2.

B. NO2.

C. SO2.

D. CO2.

Cu 34: Hp cht c cng thc phn t l M2X vi: Tng s ht c bn trong mt phn t l 116, trong s
ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn M l 9. Tng s
ht trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. S khi ca M, X ln lt l :
A. 23, 32.

B. 22, 30.

C. 23, 34.

D. 39, 16.

Cu 35: Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+ v anion Y2-. Mi ion u c 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t

tonn.Tng s proton trong X+ bng 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2- l 50. Bit rng hai nguyn t trong Y2-
cng phn nhm chnh v thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon. Cng thc phn t ca M
l:
A. (NH4)2SO4.

B. NH4HCO3.

C. (NH4)3PO4.

D. (NH4)2SO3.

Cu 36: S electron trong cc ion sau: NO3- , NH4+ , HCO3- , H+ , SO42- theo th t l:
A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50 B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48. C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46.D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50.
Cu 37: Ion Mx+ c tng s ht l 57. Hiu s ht mang in v khng in l 17. Nguyn t M l:
A. Na.

B. K.

C. Ca.

D. Ni.

Cu 38: Trong anion XY32- c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s
ntron. X v Y l nguyn t no sau y ?
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A. C v O.

B. S v O.

C. Si v O.

D. C v S.

Cu 39: Tng s electron trong ion AB2- l 34. Chn cng thc ng:
A. AlO2-.

B. NO2-.

C. ClO2-.

D. CrO2-.

2-

2- Anion AB3
Cu 40: Tng s electron trong anion AB3 l 40.
l:

A. SiO3 .

2
-

B. CO3 .

2
-

C. SO3 .

2
-

D. ZnO2 .

2
-

Cu 41: Gi thit trong tinh th, cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li
l cc khe rng gia cc qu cu, cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85 20oC khi lng ring ca Fe l
7,78 g/cm3. Cho Vhc =

4
r3. Bn knh nguyn t gn ngca
Fe l:

3
A. 1,44.10-8 cm.

B. 1,29.10-8 cm.

C. 1,97.10-8 cm.

D. Kt qu khc.

Cu 43: Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt km cht ch vi ht nhn nht ?

A. lp K.

B. lp L.

C. lp M.

D. lp N.

Cu 44: Lp electron th 3 c bao nhiu phn lp ?

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

C. 3 electron.

D. 4 electron.

Cu 45: Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a

A. 1 electron.

B. 2 electron.

Cu 46: Phn lp s, p, d, f y in t (bo ha) khi c s electron l

A. 2, 6, 10, 16.

B. 2, 6, 10,14.

C. 4, 6, 10, 14.

D. 2, 8, 1014.

C. n2.

D. 2n2.

Cu 47: S electron ti a trong lp th n l

A. 2n.

B. n+1.

Cu 48: Tng s obitan trong nguyn t c s n v in tch ht nhn Z= 17 l

A. 4.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 9.

Cu 49: trng thi c bn, s obitan s c cha electron ca nguyn t c s hiu Z = 20 l

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 50: trng thi c bn, tng s electron trong cc obitan s ca mt nguyn t c s hiu Z = 13 l
A. 2.

B. 4.

C. 6.

D. 7.

Cu 51: C bao nhiu electron trong cc obitan p ca nguyn t Cl (Z= 17) ?

A. 10.

B. 9.

C. 11.

D. 8.

Cu 52: Trong nguyn t, electron ha tr l cc electron

A. c thn.B. phn lp ngoi cng. C. obitan ngoi cng.D. tham gia to lin kt ha hc.
Cu 53: S electron ha tr trong nguyn t clo (Z = 17) l
A. 5.

B. 7.

C. 3.

D. 1.

Cu 54: S electron ha tr trong nguyn t crom (Z = 24) l

A. 1.

B. 3.

C. 6 .

D. 4.

Cu 55: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca nguyn t kim loi ?

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A. 1s22s22p63s23p6 .B. 1s22s22p63s23p5 .

C. 1s22s22p63s23p3.D. 1s22s22p63s23p1 .

Cu 56: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y trng thi c bn l 1s22s22p5. Vy Y thuc nhm

nguyn t A. kim loi kim.

B. halogen.

C. kim loi kim th

.D. kh him.

Cu 57: Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 4 electron, nguyn t tng ng l:

A. kim loi.

B. phi kim.

C. kim loi chuyn tip

.D. kim loi hoc phi kim.

Cu 58: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t c s hiu Z = 17 l

A. 1s22s22p63s23p44s1.

B. 1s22s22p63s23d5 .

C. 1s22s22p63s23p5

.D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2 .

Cu 59: Nguyn t lu hunh S nm th 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. Bit rng cc electron ca
nguyn t S c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M). S electron lp L trong nguyn t lu hunh l: A.
6.

B. 8.

C. 10.

D. 2.

Cu 60: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi

cng cng l 6, cho bit X l nguyn t ha hc no sau y ?
A. oxi (Z = 8).

B. lu hunh (z = 16).

C. Fe (z = 26).

D. Cr (z = 24).

Cu 61: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2. C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.D.1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 .
Cu 62: Cu hnh e nguyn t ca c s hiu nguyn t Z = 26 l
A. [Ar] 3d54s2.

B. [Ar] 4s23d6.

C. [Ar] 3d64s2.

D. [Ar] 3d8.

Cu 63: Nguyn t X thuc loi nguyn t d, nguyn t X c 5 electron ho tr v lp electron

ngoi cng thuc lp N. Cu hnh electron ca X l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2.B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3. C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2.D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 .
Cu 64: Ion A2+ c cu hnh phn lp cui cng l 3d9. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t A l:
A. [Ar]3d94s2.

B. [Ar]3d104s1.

C. [Ar]3d94p2.

D. [Ar] 4s23d9.

Cu 65: Cu hnh no sau y vi phm nguyn l Pauli:

A.

1s2.

B. 1s22s2 2p3.

C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3.

D. 1s2 2s2 2p4.

Cu 66: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p, n, e bng 18 v s ht khng mang in bng trung bnh
cng ca tng s ht mang in.Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l
A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 67: Nguyn t c cu hnh e vi phn lp p c cha e c thn l l nguyn t no sau y ?

A. N (Z=7).

B. Ne (Z=10).

C. Na (Z=11).

D. Mg (Z=12).

Cu 68: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 1 eletron c

thn ? A. 6.

B. 8.

C. 5.

D. 7.

Cu 69: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 2 eletron c thn ?
A. 3.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

Cu 70: Trong cc nguyn t t Z =22 n Z = 30. Nguyn t no c nhiu electron c thn nht:
A. Z =22

B. Z =24

C. Z =25

D. Z =26.
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Cu 71: S e ha tr ca nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t Z = 7 l

A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 3.

Cu 72: Nguyn t c s hiu 13, c khuynh hng mt bao nhiu e?

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 73: Cc ion O2-, 128Mg2+, 13Al3+ bng nhau v

A.

s khi.

B. s electron.

C. s proton.

D. s ntron.

Cu 74: Cation M2+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l
A. 1s22s22p6.

B. 1s22s22p63s1.

C. 1s22s22p63s2.

D. 1s22s22p4.

Cu 75: Anion Y2- c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, s hiu nguyn t Y l
A. 8.

B. 9.

C. 10.

D. 7.

Cu 76: Cu hnh electron ca 4 nguyn t:

9X:

Y: 1s22s22p63s1

1s 2s 2p

Z: 1s122s22p63s23p1
3

Ion ca 4 nguyn t trn l:

A. X+, Y+, Z+, T2+

.B. X-, Y+, Z3+, T2-.

C . X-, Y2-, Z3+, T+.

D. X+, Y2+, Z+, T-.

Cu 77: Nguyn t X, ion Y2+ v ion Z- u c cu hnh e l 1s22s22p6. X, Y, Z l kim loi, phi
kim hay kh him ?
A. X: Phi kim; Y: Kh him; Z: Kim loi.

B. X: Kh him; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loi .

C. X: Kh him; Y: Kim loi; Z: Phi kim.

D. X: Kh him; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loi .

Cu 78: Nguyn t c s hiu 20, khi to thnh lin kt ha hc s

A. mt 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2+.

B. nhn 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2-.

C. gp chung 2e to thnh 2 cp e chung.

D. gp chung 1e to thnh 1 cp e chung.

Cu 79: Mt cation Rn+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp
ngoi cng ca nguyn t B c th l
A. 3s2.

B. 3p1.

C. 3s1.

D. A, B, C u ng.

Cu 80 Mt anion Rn- c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t B c th l
A. 3p2.

B. 3p3.

C. 3p4 hoc 3p5.

D. A, B, C u ng.

Cu 81: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t l 40. Bit s ht ntron ln hn proton l 1. Cho bit

A. nguyn t s.

B. nguyn t p.

C. nguyn t d.

D. nguyn t f.

Cu 82: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 11. Nguyn t X l:

A. nguyn t s.

B. nguyn t p.

C. nguyn t d.

D. nguyn t f.

Cu 83: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c

tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t:
A. Al v Br.

B. Al v Cl.

C. Mg v Cl.

D. Si v Br.
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