Dng 1: xc nh cc cht in li, cht in li mnh, cht in li yu

Cht in li l nhng cht khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion

Axit baz mui l nhng cht in li
AXIT
BAZ
MUI

in li: (

CATION H+ + ANION GC AXIT

CATION KIM LOI + ANION OH-

CATION KIM LOI + ANION GC AXIT

n
n0

n: s phn t phn li thnh ion;

n0: s phn t ho tan

n=no

axit mnh, baz mnh, tt c cc mui tr HgCl2,Hg(CN)2. (=1)

n<no Cht in li yu l nhng cht khi ho tan trong nc ch c mt phn s phn t ho tan phn li thnh ion,

Cht in li mnh l nhng cht khi tan trong nc tt c cc phn t ho tan u phn li thnh ion. l

phn cn li vn tn ti di dng ion trong dung dch. l cc axit yu v trung bnh, cc baz yu v mui
HgCl2, Hg(CN)2 (<1)
Vn dng cu 21
Dng 2: vit cc qu trnh in li v tnh pH dung dch
Axit l nhng cht khi tan phn li cho H+ (hoc axit l nhng cht c kh nng cho proton H +)
Baz l nhng cht khi tan phn li cho OH- (hoc baz l nhng cht c kh nng nhn proton H+)
Cht lng tnh l cht va c kh nng phn li nh axit v baz ( c kh nng cho v nhn proton H+)
Axit : HnA, Mn+ vi M(OH)n khng tan . Hng s phn li axit: Ka
Baz: M(OH)n, An- vi HnA l axit yu, trung bnh . Hng s phn ki baz : Kb
Cht lng tnh: hiroxit lng tnh, mui axit ca axit yu, trung bnh
Vn dng cu 5:
Cch tnh pH: xc nh mi trng axit hay kim
Mi trng axit: tm [H+], tm pH
Mi trng kim: tm [OH-] tm pOH, tm pH=14-pOH
Vn dng cu 7, 25, 29
Dng 3: vit phng trnh ion thu gn

Khi chuyn t phng trnh phn t sang phng trnh ion thu gn gi cc cht: khng tan, cht kh, cht in li yu
(axit yu, trung bnh, baz yu) di dng phn t, cn li cho phn li thnh ion. n gin nhng ion ging nhau

gia 2 v ta c phng trnh ion thu gn

Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch xy ra khi cc ion kt hp c vi nhau to thnh t nht mt trong cc cht
sau: Cht kt ta , cht kh hay cht in li yu.

Vn dng cu 8, 2
Dng 5: bo ton in tch
Trong mt dung dch, tng ion dng = tng ion m

Hay tng n+= nVn dng cu 15: