List of unsolved problems in biology

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This article lists currently unsolved problems in biology.

• Arthropod head problem, a long-standing zoological dispute

concerning the segmental composition of the heads of the various
arthropod groups, and how they are evolutionarily related to each
other.
• Origin of life: there is no truly "standard model" of the origin of
life yet.
• Biological aging: there are a number of hypotheses why
senescence occurs including those that it is programmed by gene
expression changes and that it is the accumulative damage of
biological processes.
• Extraterrestrial life: might life which does not originate from
planet Earth also have developed on other planets?
• Paradox of the plankton: the high diversity of phytoplankton seems
to violate the competitive exclusion principle.
• Cambrian explosion: what is the cause of the apparent rapid
diversification of multicellular animal life around the beginning of
the Cambrian, resulting in the emergence of almost all modern
animal phyla?
• In cell theory, what is the exact transport mechanism by which
proteins travel through the Golgi apparatus?
• Homosexuality: What is its cause? Why does it exist?

• Unsolved problems in Neuroscience