You are on page 1of 24

_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz

V[` {s-o iOJ.ZKNvvD iLP.ZLPvvD iOJ.ZOJvv Ux}w|ozGfsvoz


ASB
0Xok|}zo{ Ux}w|oz
5y2820@./82 k;A:@2> ;> z692> 3A:0@6;:
5z52 9;?@ B.>6;A? 3A:0@6;:
5w>2?0.82 3A:0@6;:
ATB
5w>;4>.99./82 0;A:@ ?<221 @; ^]70<? fsvoz
5j.@05 0;A:@2> 3A:0@6;: 3;> kzcY kzcZ_w ;:8E
5y2820@./82 |;8@.42 6:<A@VwuwW ;> u; B;8@.42
6:<A@VuwuW AUB
5i/686@E @; ?2@ vu\vnn @692 6:16B61A.88E 6: n86072> fovyF
mxw|zxuuoz
VnsrW 9;12
5r2E s;07 3A:0@6;:
buok{o zokn ?Uk}|sxw pxz ,x}z {kpo|,? sw xyozk|sxw AVB
> vkw}ku lopxzo }{swqF bx*oz
mxw|zxuuoz
0aznozswq swpxzvk|sxw
Uf N e Jb AWB
9 9pglfdvqt bkwou
vo|oz
]lpjnh rthuhv
AZ Oqwenh rthuhv
AXB
b OTX ]l|h aFA*SBEoo fkmrxG
OTX ul|h aCG*SCGoo eyoonG
] b}u{o
OTX ul|h aFA*SFAoo vo|oz

C HHHH7Oljlv8
E HHHHHH7Oljlv8 AYB
+akhp wulpj gqwenh rthuhv v{rh du vloht oqgh; Vs{yuk,
N^ Nqwpvht>^loht uhvvlpj vloh lu nlolvhg lp qph rthuhv vloh= }ws|

0eyomspsmk|sxw{
]lpjnh rthuhv UfNj UfLe UfNe UfN AZB
eow{xz
Wqghn Oqwenh rthuhv UfNjEJb UfLeEJb UfNeEJb UfNEJb mxw|zxuuoz
9pglfdvqt UfNjEO UfNeEO UfNEO
Oljlv E a c c
k;A:@6:4 <.>@g}a[bIp^]99 k;A:@6:4 <.>@g}dIp^^99 k;A:@6:4 <.>@g}a[bIp^]99 k;A:@6:4 <.>@g}dIp^`99 A[B
Oljlv ul|h y2@@6:4 <.>@g}`[bIpd99 y2@@6:4 <.>@g}bIpe99 y2@@6:4 <.>@g}`[bIpd99 y2@@6:4 <.>@g}bIpf99 bzx+svs|,
LN rqyht ^]]Z_a]|ik b]\c]pF {ow{xz
Zqyht uwrrn{
ON rqyht _aZc]|lk
Lnnqydenh xqnvdjh tdpjh f] G ^^]T ;3 >.@21 B;8@.42Vik <;C2>W
Zqyht LN rqyht q:160.@;> g i<<>;D[ f|iY y6:482 U l;A/82 <>2?2@ g i<<>;D[ ^]|i A\B
brx|x
fqpuworvlqp ON rqyht q:160.@;> U y6:482 <>2?2@ g i<<>;D[ b}Y l;A/82 <>2?2@ g i<<>;D[ c} ouom|zsm
Nqwpv urhhg qi TXL; TXM y2820@./82 ^ \ `] \ ^7 \ b7 \ ^]70<? {ow{xz
Zthufdnh tdpjh ][]]^ G ff[fffVc1646@?WY ][]^ G f[ffVa1646@?W
Nqwpvht x2?2@ 6:<A@ g y2820@./82 ^9? ;> _9?
A]B
Wlp= lprwv quiY xmymzY qupqjqzY
bzo{{}zo
uljpdn ylgvk jizkp xmymz {ow{xz
^loht quiY qupqjqzY xmymz g y2820@./82 ^9? ;> _]9?
V2D02<@ kzcZqW g
y2820@./82 ^9? ;> _]9?
y2820@./82 B;8@.42 6:<A@ ;> u;ZB;8@.42 6:<A@
A^B
,|;8@.42 6:<A@- q:<A@ 69<21.:02 g b[a7MY SpS 82B28 g bZ`]|lkY SsS 82B28 g ]Z_|lk
9prwv dx|kz,
,u;ZB;8@.42 6:<A@- y5;>@Z06>0A6@ 69<21.:02 g t.D[ ^7MY x2?61A.8 B;8@.42 g t.D[ _|lkY owmxnoz
v<2:Z06>0A6@ 69<21.:02 g t6:[ ^]]7M
Yph<ukqv qwvrwv ^] \ b] \ ^]] \ _]] \ b]] \ ^]]] \ _]]] \ b]]]9?
A_B
y6:482 <>2?2@ @E<2 g MEbrk{o
ywlzV^0W {|oyyswq
y6:482 <>2?2@ @E<2 g ywlzV^0WY
Nqp< ^{rh l;A/82 <>2?2@ @E<2 g vx|xz @
ywyzV^.W 3;> 36>?@ ;A@<A@ l;A/82 <>2?2@ @E<2 g ywyzV^.W 3;> 36>?@\?20;:1 ;A@<A@ Vzs~oz @
vdfv Uxw|zxuuoz
ywlzV^0W 3;> ?20;:1 ;A@<A@
Nqpvtqn Ndrdflv{ uv g _b]|ik `i .@ >2?6?@6B2 8;.1Y uk g _b]|ik _i .@ >2?6?@6B2 8;.1
qwvrwv y6:482 <>2?2@ @E<2 g
y6:482 <>2?2@ @E<2 g ^ uwu ;<2: 0;8820@;> _ uwu ;<2: 0;8820@;>?
]qnlg< ^{rh l;A/82 <>2?2@ @E<2 g ^ uwu ;<2: 0;8820@;> l;A/82 <>2?2@ @E<2 g
uvdvh ` uwu ;<2: 0;8820@;>?
Ndrdflv{ t.D[ `]|lkY t.D[ ^]]9i
Whoqt{ thvhpvlqp ^] E2.>?V}52: A?6:4 :;:ZB;8.@682 ?2960;:1A0@;> 929;>EW
Pzvhtpdn uhpuqt rqyht ^_|lk H^]TY t.D[ ^]]9i

L<E
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0eyomspsmk|sxw{
\hrhdv httqt
^loh ]hv httqt w;C2> vu ?@.>@ g t.D[ H][]^T H][]b?20
dffwtdpf{ `qnvdjh httqt y64:.8 ?@.>@ g t.D[ H][]^T H][]`?20
^horhtdvwth httqt
9puwndvlqp thuluvdpfh t6:[ ^]]tMV.@ b]]|lkW
Olhnhfvtlf uvthpjvk _]]]|ik b]\c]pF 3;> ^ 96:A@2
Xqluh uvthpjvk H_7| @52 ?=A.>2 C.B2 :;6?2V<A8?2 C61@5g^LW /E @52 :;6?2 ?69A8.@;>
Whfkdplfdn ][db99 .9<86@A12 .@ 3>2=A2:0E ;3 ^] G bbpF 6: 2.05 ;3 ~Y *Y + 16>20@6;:? 3;> ^ 5;A>
`letdvlqp
Wdniwpfvlqp ][b99 .9<86@A12 .@ 3>2=A2:0E ;3 ^] G bbpF 6: 2.05 ;3 ~Y *Y + 16>20@6;:? 3;> ^] 96:A@2?
Whfkdplfdn `]]9\?NVi<<>;D[ `]oW 6: ~Y*Y+ 16>20@6;:? 3;> ` @692?
]kqfm
Wdniwpfvlqp ^]]9\?NVi<<>;D[ ^]oW 6: ~Y*Y+ 16>20@6;:? 3;> ` @692?
\hnd{ Whfkdplfdn t6:[ ^]Y]]]Y]]] @692?
nlih f{fnh Pnhfvtlfdn t6:[ ^]]Y]]] @692?Vuv g _b]|ik `i .@ >2?6?@6B2 8;.1Y uk g _b]|ik _i .@ >2?6?@6B2 8;.1W
Ztqvhfvlqp qwcbVn>;:@ <.:28 ;:8EW
Loelhpv vhorhtdvwth Z^] G XbbJV.@ :;:Z3>22F6:4 ?@.@A?W
]vqtdjh vhorhtdvwth Z_b G XcbJV.@ :;:Z3>22F6:4 ?@.@A?WQ
Loelhpv kwolglv{ `b G ebTxp
kzc*gi<<>;D[ ^c]4 kzcygi<<>;D[ ^bb4 kzcgi<<>;D[ _ca4
kzaygi<<>;D[ ^bb4Y
LN rqyht kzc*Z_wgi<<>;D[ ^c`4 kzcyZ_wgi<<>;D[ ^c_4 kzcZ_wgi<<>;D[ _d^4
kzayZ_wgi<<>;D[ ^c_4
kzc*Zqgi<<>;D[ ^_d4 kzcyZqgi<<>;D[ ^`c4 kzcZqgi<<>;D[ _aa4
ahljkv
kzc*gi<<>;D[ ^ca4 kzcygi<<>;D[ ^b_4 kzcgi<<>;D[ _c`4
kzaygi<<>;D[ ^b_4
ON rqyht kzc*Z_wgi<<>;D[ ^cd4 kzcyZ_wgi<<>;D[ ^bf4 kzcZ_wgi<<>;D[ _d]4
kzayZ_wgi<<>;D[ ^bf4 kzcZqgi<<>;D[ _a`4
kzc*Zqgi<<>;D[ ^`]4 kzcyZqgi<<>;D[ ^``4
Lrrtqxdn

0Uxwwom|sxw{
, N^Eb , N^Eb<AZ
NYX^LN^ Y_^I NYX^LN^ Y_^I
XYIAD?`LN BL XYIAD?`LN BL
XNIAD?`LN AL XNIAD?`LN AL
\P]T]^T`P VYLO ]YVTO ]^L^P Y_^I \P]T]^T`P VYLO ]YVTO ]^L^P Y_^I
XY NYW XN B?`ON @??oL XN NYW XY XY NYW B?`ON @??oL

P Q IH II IJ IK P Q IH II IJ IK
Y_^ Y_^A
Y_^ Y_^A Y_^@

I J K L M N O > I J K L M N O >
A`x|oIB A`x|oJB :@A`ON ?` \P]P^ @??<AC?`LN A`x|oIBA`x|oJB:@A`ON ?` \P]P^ @??<AC?`LN
TXL TXM>TXS @??oL } D?>E?S| } D?>E?S|
TXL TXM>TXS @??oL
< : AC<E?`ON < : AC<E?`ON
]Y_\NP ]Y_\NP

+A`x|oIBTXL vhtolpdn
PYrhtdvlqp qi Nqwpvht I Yrhtdvlpj du TXL uljpdn qt TXS uljpdn
, N^Eb<9 PYrhtdvlqp qi ^loht I Yrhtdvlpj du 4]^L\^4

+A`x|oJBTXM>TXS vhtolpdn
PYrhtdvlqp qi Nqwpvht I Yrhtdvlpj du TXM uljpdn
PYrhtdvlqp qi ^loht I Yrhtdvlpj du TXS uljpdn
9i vkh TXS uljpdn drrnlhg ykhp lv lu wuhg du ^loht; vkh rtqfhuulpj
vloh uvqru=7Sqng8
I J K L M N O >

A`x|oIB A`x|oJB :@A`ON ?` \P]P^ @??<AC?`LN +Nqpphfvlqp qi thnd{ fqpvdfv lprwv ykhp xqnvdjh lprwv7ZXZ8 lu uhnhfvhg
TXL TXM>TXS @??oL } D?>E?S|
< : AC<E?`ON
]Y_\NP
I J K L M N O
TXL TXM> :@A`ON ?` \P]P^
TXS
+Nqpphfvlqp qi thnd{ fqpvdfv lprwv ykhp Xq<xqnvdjh lprwv7XZX8 lu uhnhfvhg

I J K L M N O
TXL TXM> :@A`ON ?` \P]P^
TXS

L<F
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
, N^C]; N^E] , N^C]<AZ; N^E]<AZ , N^E]<9
A`x|oIBA`x|oJB:@A`ON A`x|oIBA`x|oJB:@A`ON A`x|oIBA`x|oJB:@A`ON ASB
TXL TXM>TXS @??oL ?` \P]P^ TXL TXM>TXS @??oL ?` \P]P^ TXL TXM>TXS @??oL ?` \P]P^ Ux}w|oz

N O P Q IH N O P Q IH N O P Q IH
]YVTO ]^L^P Y_^I
]YVTO ]^L^P B?`ON @??oL
Y_^A qrhtdvhu qp Z]A ATB
II IJ Y_^I II Y_^@ IJ xdnwh7Z]AI]hfqpg rthuhv II IJ
Y_^ B?`ON @??oL Y_^A fsvoz
xdnwh8
Y_^ Y_^A

I J K L M I J K L M I J K L M AUB
> > > fovyF
XY NYW XN @??<AC?`LN @??<AC?`LN @??<AC?`LN mxw|zxuuoz
NYX^LN^ Y_^@; Y_^AI
NYX^LN^ Y_^I } D?>E?S| AD?`LN BL } D?>E?S| } D?>E?S|
XYIAD?`LN BL < : AC<E?`ON \P]T]^T`P VYLO < : AC<E?`ON < : AC<E?`ON
XNIAD?`LN AL
\P]T]^T`P VYLO ]Y_\NP ]Y_\NP ]Y_\NP
AVB
5Nqpphfvlqp qi thnd{ fqpvdfv lprwv ykhp bx*oz
xqnvdjh lprwv7ZXZ8 lu uhnhfvhg mxw|zxuuoz
A`x|oIBTXL vhtolpdn
PNqwpvht I Tv ylnn eh du lprwv vhtolpdn qi fqwpvlpj lprwv qt fqwpvlpj
pq lprwv uljpdn=
P^loht I Tv ylnn eh lprwv vhtolpdn qi ]^L\^ uljpdn= N O P Q IH AWB
A`x|oJBTXM>TXS vhtolpdn TXL TXM> :@A`ON ?` \P]P^ bkwou
TXS vo|oz
PYrhtdvlqp qi Nqwpvht I Yrhtdvlpj du TXM uljpdn 5Nqpphfvlqp qi thnd{ fqpvdfv lprwv ykhp
PYrhtdvlqp qi ^loht I Yrhtdvlpj du TXS uljpdn Xq<xqnvdjh lprwv7XZX8 lu uhnhfvhg
9i vkh TXS uljpdn drrnlhg ykhp lv lu wuhg du AXB
^loht; vkh rtqfhuulpj vloh uvqru=7^loh Sqng8 fkmrxG
eyoonG
N O P Q IH b}u{o
TXL TXM> :@A`ON ?` \P]P^ vo|oz
TXS

, N^E , N^E<AZ AYB


Vs{yuk,
A`x|oIB :@A`ON ML^NS A`x|oIB :@A`ON ML^NS }ws|
TXL TXM @??oL ?` \P]P^ TXSTMT^ \P]P^ TXL TXM @??oL ?` \P]P^ TXSTMT^ \P]P^

P Q IH II IJ IK IL P Q IH II IJ IK IL
]YVTO ]^L^P Y_^ B?`ON ]YVTO ]^L^P Y_^ B?`ON
Y_^Z_^ @??oL AZB
Y_^Z_^ @??oL eow{xz
NYWWYX NYWWYX Y_^@ Y_^A ML^NS
Y_^ ML^NS mxw|zxuuoz
IM IN IO IP IM IN IO IP

A[B
bzx+svs|,
Y_^ Y_^@ Y_^A {ow{xz

I J K L M N O >
I J K L M N O >
A\B
XY NYW XN @??<AC?`LN XY NYW XY NYW XN @??<AC?`LN brx|x
} D?>E?S| NYX^LN^ Y_^I } D?>E?S| ouom|zsm
NYX^LN^ Y_^I
XYIAD?`LN BL < : AC<E?`ON XYIAD?`LN BL < : AC<E?`ON {ow{xz
XNIAD?`LN AL XNIAD?`LN AL
]Y_\NP \P]T]^T`P VYLO ]Y_\NP
\P]T]^T`P VYLO

+A`x|oIBTXL vhtolpdn A]B


bzo{{}zo
, N^E<9 PNqwpvht I Tv ylnn eh du lprwv vhtolpdn qi fqwpvlpj lprwv qt fqwpvlpj pq lprwv
{ow{xz
uljpdn=
A`x|oIB :@A`ON A`x|oJB
P^loht I Tv ylnn eh lprwv vhtolpdn qi ]^L\^ uljpdn=
TXL TXM @??oL ?` \P]P^ TXSTMT^
+A`x|oJBTXSTMT^ uljpdn
P Q IH II IJ IK IL Pakhp TXSTMT^ uljpdn lu drrnlhg dv ^loht qrhtdvlqpIZtqfhuulpj vloh uvqru A^B
+]qnlg uvdvh qwvrwv lu lpuwndvhg itqo lppht fltfwlv e{ rkqvqfqwrnht= 7^loh Sqng8 dx|kz,
7Zqyht uwrrn{ I D<B?`ON Wdz=8 owmxnoz

IM IN IO IP 5Nqpphfvlqp qi fqpvdfv lprwv lp uvdvh qi uhnhfvhg xqnvdjh lprwv7ZXZ8


A_B
MEbrk{o
{|oyyswq
vx|xz @
Vzs~oz @
P Q IH II IJ IK IL Uxw|zxuuoz
TXL TXM :@A`ON ?` \P]P^ TXSTMT^ ML^NS
\P]P^
I J K L M N O > 5Nqpphfvlqp qi fqpvdfv lprwv lp uvdvh qi uhnhfvhg Xq<xqnvdjh lprwv
@??<AC?`LN
} D?>E?S|
< : AC<E?`ON

]Y_\NP P Q IH II IJ IK IL
TXL TXM :@A`ON ?` \P]P^ TXSTMT^ ML^NS
\P]P^

L<G
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0Vsvow{sxw{
, N^b ]htlhu
5N^Eb 5N^Eb<AZ 5N^Eb<9
Uag`fWd G f[_Wd Uag`fWd G f[_Wd Uag`fWd G f[_Wd
9:; agfI 9:; 9:;
agf agfJ
U`f U`f U`f

f_d f_d beI f_d

^aU] be 52 ^aU] beJ 52 ^aU] 52

UfNj UfNjEJb UfNjEO

5Zdphn fwv<qwv
GD GB
Wlp=H@
FA E ED @A

Uag`fWd G f[_Wd
9:; BB :?=E
<?
agf

B?
BE

U`f
Wlp=C? :?=F
f_d
EG <?
^aU] be 52

UfNj
_plvIoo

, N^] ]htlhu
5N^C] 5N^C]<AZ 5N^E] 5N^E]<AZ 5N^E]<9
17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539

beI beI

be beJ be beJ

^aU] agf U`f f_d ^aU] agfI agfJ U`f f_d ^aU] agf U`f f_d ^aU] agfI agfJ U`f f_d ^aU] U`f f_d

9:; 52 9:; 52 9:; 52 9:; 52 9:; 52


1;-: 1;-:*,8 1;.: 1;.:*,8 1;.:*2

CG @?? 5Zdphn fwv<qwv


@? FG @A Wlp=DD

17<6;39+;4539

CD:?=E
<?
E?

CD
CG

beI
Wlp=EA :?=E
beJ
CD <?
^aU] agfI agfJ U`f f_d

9:; 52
1;-:*,8

_plvIoo

, N^ ]htlhu
5N^E 5N^E<AZ 5N^E<9
17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539

be I
be be J
TSFe TSFe

^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d ^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d ^aU] U`f f_d

9:; 0/ 52 9:; 0/ 52 9:; 52

1;. 1;.*,8 1;.*O

5Zdphn fwv<qwv
GE HD
@? FB @A Wlp=H@
FA

17<6;39+;4539
:?=F
EG <?

Wlp=H@
FA

be I :?=F
be J EG <?
TSFe

^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d

9:; 0/ 52

1;.*,8 _plvIoo

L<H
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
0Xzxw| ykwou snow|spsmk|sxw
ASB
, N^b uhtlhu , N^] uhtlhu Ux}w|oz

5C Oljlv 5E Oljlv
17<6;39+;4539 17<6;39+;4539 ATB
> fsvoz
Uag`fWd G f[_Wd E > >
agfI 9:;
D =
agfJ beI beI
A C ? C ?
U`f beJ beJ
B AUB
f_d @ B @
B
beI
^aU] agfI agfJ U`f f_d ^aU] agfI agfJ U`f f_d
fovyF
^aU] beJ 52 F mxw|zxuuoz
D 9:; 52 A D 9:; 52
A
UfNjEJb
@ E 1;-:*,8 E 1;.:*,8

C ? F = F = AVB
bx*oz
mxw|zxuuoz
> Olurnd{ iqt rtqfhuulpj xdnwh7\hg VPO8 B ^W\ I 9pglfdvhu qrhtdvlqp du d vloht
Nqwpvlpj xdnwh7Nqwpvht8 > Ztqfhuulpj vloh7^loht8 > <VPO inlfmhtu ykhp vkh vloht lu rtqfhuulpj
]hvvlpj u{oeqnu <VPO vwtpu qp ykhp vkh rtqfhuulpj vloh uvqru AWB
VPO khljkv I @@oo iqt Cgljlv; @?oo iqt Egljlv C Z]@; Z]A I 9pglfdvhu vkdv rthuhv lu ehlpj glurnd{hg bkwou
vo|oz
? Zthuhv xdnwh glurnd{7bhnnqy<Rthhp VPO8 qt fkdpjhg=
Zthuhv xdnwh7Nqwpvht8>Zthuhv vloh7^loht8 dpg
D Y_^@; Y_^A I 9pglfdvlpj vkh qrhtdvlqp qi qwvrwv
uhvvlpj u{oeqnu= AXB
E 9:; I \huhv mh{ fkmrxG
VPO khljkv I Goo iqt Cgljlv; Foo iqt Egljlv eyoonG
F 52 I Wqgh mh{
@ VYNU I Uh{ Vqfm lpglfdvlqp b}u{o
= ; ; I ]hv mh{ vo|oz
VYNU YQQI Vljkv YQQ
VYNU Y XI Vljkv YX
A NX^ I 9pglfdvhu qrhtdvlqp du d fqwpvht AYB
Vs{yuk,
}ws|
Kz52>2 6? :; CY D sml 6: kzc*ZqY kzcyZq[
Kq: kzayY kzcyY kzc*Y wy_ C688 /2 05.:421 @; wy .:1 v{z_ 6? v{z .:1 @52>2 6? :; wy^Y v{z^ sml[

AZB
eow{xz
, N^ ]htlhu mxw|zxuuoz

> Olurnd{ iqt rtqfhuulpj xdnwh7\hg VPO8


17<6;39+;4539 Nqwpvlpj xdnwh7Nqwpvht8>Ztqfhuulpj vloh7^loht8>]hvvlpj u{oeqnu
A[B
VPO khljkv I @Boo bzx+svs|,
> {ow{xz
? Zthuhv xdnwh glurnd{7bhnnqy<Rthhp VPO8
Zthuhv xdnwh7Nqwpvht8>Zthuhv vloh7^loht8 dpg uhvvlpj u{oeqnu
@
be I
VPO khljkv I Hoo
be J ? A\B
A TSFe @ Z]@; Z]A I 9pglfdvhu yklfk rthuhv lu ehlpj glurnd{hg qt fkdpjhg brx|x

B ^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d


F A ML=] I Tpglfdvhu d edvfk xdnwh kdu ehhp rthuhv
ouom|zsm
{ow{xz
C E B VYNU I Uh{ nqfm glurnd{
= 9:; 0/ 52 D C Y_^@; Y_^A I Zthuhv vkh qrhtdvlqp qi qwvrwv7]lpjnh 5 Oqwenh8
A]B
1;.*,8 D ML=Y I Tpglfdvlqp vkh qrhtdvlqp qi ML^NS qwvrwv bzo{{}zo
E NX^ I 9pglfdvlqp vkh qrhtdvlqp qi fqwpvht {ow{xz

; G < F ^W\ I 9pglfdvlqp vkh qrhtdvlqp qi vloht


<VPO inlfmhtu ykhp vkh vloht lu qrhtdvlpj
A^B
Kq: kzcY wy_ C688 /2 05.:421 @; wy .:1 v{z_ <VPO vwtpu qii ykhp vkh qrhtdvlpj vloh uvqru dx|kz,
@; v{zY ?6:02 @52>2 6? :; wy^Y v{z^ sml[ = 9:; I \huhv mh{ owmxnoz

Kz52>2 6? :; wy^Y wy_Y ji[yY v{z^Y v{z_Y ; 0/ I Mdvfk mh{


ji[] sml 6: kzcZq[ G 52 I Wqgh mh{ A_B
MEbrk{o
Kz52>2 .>2 :; 0/ 72E 6: kzcZq[ < ; ; I ]hv mh{ {|oyyswq
vx|xz @
Vzs~oz @
Uxw|zxuuoz

L<@?
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0[wy}| mxwwom|sxw{
/[wy}| uxqsm R `xE~xu|kqo swy}|A`b`B
5]qnlg uvdvh lprwv7]vdpgdtg uhpuqt I XZX qwvrwv v{rh uhpuqt8 5Nqpvdfv lprwv
N^b>N^]>N^ N^b>N^]>N^ N^b>N^]>N^
]hpuqt ]htlhu ]hpuqt ]htlhu ]htlhu

:@A` :@A` :@A`


D=Cm. D=Cm. D=Cm.
9ppht 9ppht 9ppht
fltfwlv fltfwlv fltfwlv

?` ?` ?`
7XZX xqnvdjh 7XZX qrhp +Nqwpvlpj urhhgI
qwvrwv8 fqnnhfvqt qwvrwv8 @ qt B?fru uhvvlpj
+TXZ_^ fltfwlv qi TXL; TXM; TXS7TXSTMT^8; ML^NS \P]P^; \P]P^ dth vkh udoh= 7Nqwpvht8

/[wy}| uxqsm R hxu|kqo swy}|Ab`bB


5]qnlg uvdvh lprwv7]vdpgdtg uhpuqt I ZXZ qwvrwv v{rh uhpuqt8 5Nqpvdfv lprwv

N^b>N^]>N^ N^b>N^]>N^ N^b>N^]>N^


]hpuqt ]htlhu ]hpuqt ]htlhu ]htlhu
1
:@A` :@A` :@A`

9ppht 9ppht 9ppht


fltfwlv fltfwlv fltfwlv
D=Cm. D=Cm. D=Cm.
2
?` ?` ?`
7ZXZ xqnvdjh 7ZXZ qrhp +Nqwpvlpj urhhgI
qwvrwv8 fqnnhfvqt qwvrwv8
@ qt B?fru uhvvlpj
+TXZ_^ fltfwlv qi TXL; TXM; TXS7TXSTMT^8; ML^NS \P]P^; \P]P^ dth vkh udoh= 7Nqwpvht8
+TXL lu lprwv vhtolpdn ykhp lv lu wuhg iqt Nqwpvht dpg fdp eh ]^L\^ uljpdn lprwv
vhtolpdn ykhp lv wuhg iqt ^loht=

0[wy}| uxqsm {ouom|sxw


/UfjGUfe eozso{
^[ z52 <;C2> 9A?@ /2 0A@ ;33[ `[ y2820@ 6:<A@ 8;460 /E A?6:4 6:<A@ 8;460 y\} 6:?612
_[ l2@.05 @52 0.?2 3>;9 /;1E[ k;A:@2>\z692>[
5]hnhfv Xq<xqnvdjh 5]hnhfv xqnvdjh
lprwv7XZX8 lprwv7ZXZ8
/
W]
Y
S _X
]
_W

KH fJ
IH hVU
S
`Z

ag

Hv
V[

IH
f

IJ
eW

VW hS HZ- SU
MH HEJL UW
VU
dW

IH EN Hh
IH gd
Hh

S
Q

dW
ea
T\

]a
S

[`
hV R

Hv

P
L
^
IH
V_U

_S
Z
U

O
G [`

>
K
IJ

JM fJ
N
[`

JS HhSU
S

ag
[`

Ik
II

0
JM fI I
JS HhSU
ag

Ik

9Nduh ghvdfkohpv
]swhh|h vqydtg / dpg rwnn vqydtg 0 du ukqyp
lp rlfvwth=
]a@ ]a@
CC buok{o mromt sp |ro yx*oz s{ m}| xpp>> CC N^b ]htlhu N^] ]htlhu
a[ w82.?2 .??29/82 ;<<;?6@2 C.E ;3 @52 0.?2
12@.0592:@[
b[ z52: .<<8E @52 <;C2> @; k;A:@2>\z692>[

L<@@
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
,N^ ]htlhu
q@ 6? 2.?E @; 05.:42 6:<A@ 8;460 /E y\} 3;> 6:<A@ 8;460 0;:B2>?6;:[ ASB
Ux}w|oz
5]hnhfv ZXZ7`qnvdjh lprwv8 5]hnhfv XZX7Xq<`qnvdjh lprwv8
b`b `b` b`b `b`

ATB
fsvoz

b`b `b`
AUB
fovyF
mxw|zxuuoz

AVB
bx*oz
mxw|zxuuoz
0a}|y}| mxwwom|sxw{
,Nqpvdfv qwvrwv ,]qnlg uvdvh qwvrwv
AWB
Nqwpvht>^loht bkwou
Nqwpvht>^loht Nqwpvht>^loht + vo|oz

Vqdg 7:8 Zqyht AXB


7Zqyht qi nqdg8 iqt fkmrxG
nqdg eyoonG

Vqdg
7<8 7ON8 b}u{o
vo|oz

Vkz\kzy\kz* y2>62?W kzcY kzayY kzayZ_w


kzcZ_w kzcyY kzcyZ_w AYB
kzc*Y kzc*Z_w Vs{yuk,
}ws|
+\hnd{ fqpvdfv lu AD?`LN BL Wdz=
+akhp wulpj lpgwfvlxh nqdg7\hnd{ hvf8; uwtjh deuqteht7Olqgh; `dtluvqt hvf=8 owuv
+_uh rtqrht nqdg pqv vq hzfhhg thnd{ fqpvdfv=
eh fqpphfvhg dftquu vkh nqdg=
+_uh rtqrht nqdg dpg rqyht iqt nqdg pqv vq hzfhhg YX>YQQ fdrdflv{7B?`ON Wdz=
AZB
@??oL odz=8 qi uqnlg uvdvh qwvrwv=
eow{xz
+Mh uwth pqv vq drrn{ thxhtuh rqndtlv{ qi rqyht= mxw|zxuuoz

0Xkm|xz, Vopk}u| {o||swq{ 0Wzzxz mxno ns{yuk, A[B


bzx+svs|,
N^E<AZ N^E Pttqt glurnd{ Pttqtu Ywvrwv uvdvwu Sqy vq thvwtp {ow{xz
Wqghn N^E<9
N^E]<AZ N^E]
N^E]<9
N^C]<AZ N^C]
]hv lvho N^Eb<9 9:; mh{; A\B
N^Eb<AZ N^Eb NZ_ httqt YQQ brx|x
\P]P^ lprwv ouom|zsm
9prwv oqgh _r>Oqyp<N7_>O<N8 {ow{xz
Ywvrwv oqgh Q
Y_^@ @??ou
A]B
Y_^A7Y_^8 Sqng
NY_X^P\

bzo{{}zo
{ow{xz
NZ] B?fru
Wlp= thuhv vloh A?ou
Ohflodn rqlpv Xq ghflodn rqlpv A^B
dx|kz,
Zthufdnh xdnwh Egljlv I @=???; Cgljlv I @=?? owmxnoz
Whoqt{ thvhpvlqp NVPt7Zqyht thuhv8
Egljlv I ?=?@u } HHHH=HHu A_B
^loh tdpjh MEbrk{o
Cgljlv I ?=?@u } HH=HHu {|oyyswq
vx|xz @
^TWP\

_r>Oqyp oqgh _7_Z8 Vzs~oz @


Uxw|zxuuoz
Ywvrwv oqgh YXO7YX Ohnd{8
Ywvrwv vloh Sqng
9prwv uljpdn oqgh A?ou
9prwv nqjlf Xq<xqnvdjh lprwv7XZX8
Vqfm mh{ V=qQQ7Vqfm YQQ8
Nqwpvht > ^loht Nqwpvht

L<@A
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0Ux}w|oz vxno 0Urkwqo xp yzo{o| ~ku}o sw Ux}w|oz
/ayozk|sxw vxno sw Ux}w|oz xyozk|sxw
\_X oqgh7Nqwpvht8 /Urkwqo |ro yzo{o| ~ku}o sw |ro {swquo
yzo{o| |,yoAUfNB
_V Uh{ iqt _V Uh{ iqt
Buhfqpgu Buhfqpgu

52
Tprwv oqgh7 8 \_X Urkwqo
oqgh yzo{o| ~ku}o
_V

Wdzlowo fqwpvlpj urhhg7 8 /Urkwqo |ro yzo{o| ~ku}o sw |ro nx}luo


_V yzo{o| |,yoAUfNjEJbB
Ywvrwv oqgh7 8

_V Urkwqo Urkwqo
52 52
\_X {swquo nx}luo
Y_^A qwvrwv vloh7 8
oqgh yzo{o| yzo{o|
_V ~ku}o ~ku}o
Qwpfvlqp uhvvlpj oqgh7Nqwpvht8

Y_^@ qwvrwv vloh7 8


+aklnh fkdpjlpj rthuhv xdnwh;lprwv fqwpvht uljpdnu dth uvlnn
_V dffhrvhg=
akhp fkdpjlpj rthuhv xdnwh; li pq mh{ lu vqwfkhg iqt E?
Tprwv nqjlf7 8
uhf=; vkh fqwpvht ylnn thvwtp vq \_X oqgh=
_V Livht fkdpjlpj vkh rthuhv xdnwh du 4?4; vkhth lu 9:; mh{
lprwv qt \P]P^ lprwv dv \_X oqgh; vkh qwvrwv ylnn eh
Wlplowo thuhv vloh7 8
odlpvdlphg du YQQ= 7Mwv lp uvdvh qi vkh qwvrwv oqgh lu
_V 4^4; li fkdpjlpj ulpjnh rthuhv xdnwh du 4?4; vkh ulpjnh
qwvrwv ylnn eh odlpvdlphg du YX=8
Ohflodn rqlpv7 8

_V /Urkwqo xp Tk|mr yzo{o| ~ku}o


Zthufdnh xdnwh7 8 Tk|mr mx}w|oz p}wm|sxw s{ xwu, k~ksukluo sw
UfND UfNEJb |,yoF
_V

Whoqt{ thvhpvlqp7 8
_V 0/ 52
\_X Urkwqo xp lk|mr
Vqfm mh{7 8 oqgh yzo{o| ~ku}o

_V
59i {qw rthuu 0/ mh{ lp \_X oqgh; lv ylnn dnnqy {qw vq
Nqwpvht>^loht7 8 odmh fkdpjh vq vkh edvfk rthuhv xdnwh=
Livht fkdpjlpj vkh edvfk rthuhv xdnwh wulpj udoh ohvkqg
_V
du vkh ohvkqg qi Nqwpvht rthuhv xdnwh fkdpjhu e{ ; ;
mh{u; lv ylnn thvwtp vq \_X oqgh e{ rthuulpj 52 mh{=
akhp rtqfhhglpj vq fkdpjh vkh edvfk rthuhv xdnwh; vkh
5Zthuulpj 52 iqt qxht Buhf=; lv ylnn hpvht lpvq Nqwpvht
fwtthpv edvfk fqwpvlpj xdnwh lu dnuq glurnd{hg=
iwpfvlqp uhvvlpj oqgh=
5Zthuulpj 52 iqt qxht Buhf=;lv ylnn thvwtp vq Nqwpvht \_X
oqgh=
0Zx* |x {o| ^xmt to,
59i pq mh{u dth vqwfkhg iqt qxht E?uhf=; lv ylnn thvwtp vq j2 ?A>2 @; ?2@ @52 8;07 9;12 6: ;>12> @; <>;@20@
Nqwpvht \_X oqgh= .4.6:?@ .00612:@.8 ;> A:.A@5;>6F21 72E ;<2>.@6;:[
5akhp wulpj vklu lu wplv du d fqwpvht; rnhduh fkdpjh vq
^loht7 8 lp Nqwpvht>^loht uhvvlpj= 7VYNU YQQ8 I Ndpfhnndvlqp qi vkh nqfm oqgh
^khp rthuu 52 iqt qxht Buhf= vq oqxh vq fqwpvht \_X
7VYNU VP`PV @8 I Vqfm 9:; mh{
oqgh dpg fkdpjh vkh uhvvlpj xdnwh=
7]hh L<ABrdjh iqt vkh urhflilf ghuftlrvlqp qi ^loht=8
7VYNU VP`PV A8 I Vqfm 5 5 mh{

7VYNU VP`PV B8 I Vqfm 9:; 5 5 5 mh{

L<@B
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
0eo||swq xp Ux}w|oz p}wm|sxw vxno{
A 52 to, R g{o |ro xz to, |x mrkwqo |ro {o||swqB
ASB
Ux}w|oz
eo||swq vxno Zx* |x {o|A D B
+akhp 4 4 qt 4 4 qi lprwv oqgh lu uhv;
[wy}| vxno
4 ; ; 4 qi qwvrwv oqgh ylnn pqv eh
A B glurnd{hg=
ATB
fsvoz

+Nqwpvlpj urhhg lu ghvhtolpghg e{ qph e{


_k+sv}v qph7@I@8 gwv{ tdvlq qi TXL qt TXM lprwv uljpdn;
dpg lv lu drrnlhg vq eqvk TXL qt TXM= AUB
mx}w|swq {yoon fovyF
+akhp wulpj uhvvlpj 4 4 lp qwvrwv oqgh; mxw|zxuuoz
A B Dmfru dpg @?mfru dth pqv lpglfdvhg lp vkh
glurnd{=

+akhp uhvvlpj qwvrwv oqgh du 4 ; 4; li AVB


5_r qt Oqyp lprwv oqgh bx*oz
fqwpvlpj xdnwh thdfkhu vkh rthuhv xdnwh; mxw|zxuuoz
qwvrwv ylnn eh khng= ]q vkhth lu pq 4Y_^A
a}|y}| vxno qwvrwv vloh4 lp iwpfvlqp uhvvlpj oqgh=
5_r>Oqyp<L; M; N lprwv oqgh +9i vkh odzlowo fqwpvlpj urhhg lu Dmfru qt
A B AWB
@?mfru; ykhp {qw fkdpjh qwvrwv oqgh vq
bkwou
4 4; vkh odzlowo fqwpvlpj urhhg ylnn eh vo|oz
fkdpjhg vq @fru=

AXB
+^khth lu pq 4Y_^@ qwvrwv vloh4 lp ulpjnh
agfJ x}|y}| rthuhv oqghn; 4Y_^A qwvrwv vloh4 ylnn eh
fkmrxG
eyoonG
|svoA B ukqyp du 4Y_^ qwvrwv vloh7 84= b}u{o
_plvIou vo|oz

agfI x}|y}| AYB


|svoA B _plvIou Vs{yuk,
}ws|

[wy}| uxqsm +Tv lpglfdvhu dffqtglpj vq lpvhtpdn rqulvlqp;


I `qnvdjh lprwv I Xq<xqnvdjh lprwv
A B dpg lv fdp6v eh uhv e{ 5 mh{= AZB
eow{xz
mxw|zxuuoz

_swF zo{o| |svo


_plvIou +Wlp= hzvhtpdn \P]P^ uljpdn ylgvk
A B A[B
bzx+svs|,
{ow{xz
5 E Oljlv
+Ohflodn rqlpv uhvvlpj lu drrnlhg vq
Vomsvku yxsw| fqwpvlpj xdnwh dpg uhvvlpj xdnwh dv A\B
A B 5 C Oljlv vkh udoh= brx|x
ouom|zsm
{ow{xz

+ mh{ I ]kliv vkh inlfmhtlpj gljlv +]hv tdpjh qi rthufdnh xdnwh


bzo{mkuo ~ku}o + ; mh{ I Nkdpjh vkh rthufdnh xdnwh EOljlv I ?=??@ } HH=HHH A]B
+Zthufdnh xdnwh I 9v lu dfvwdn xdnwh qi nhpjvk dpg rqulvlqp; COljlv I ?=?@ } H=HH bzo{{}zo
A B {ow{xz
nlswlg ohduwth itqo fqwpvlpj lprwv qi @rwnuh=

_ovxz, + I Zqyht thuhv iqt fqwpvlpj xdnwh=


7\huhv fqwpvlpj xdnwh ykhp rqyht qii8 A^B
zo|ow|sxw
I Whoqtl|h fqwpvlpj xdnwh dx|kz,
A B 7Whoqtl|h fqwpvlpj xdnwh ykhp rqyht qii8 owmxnoz

^xmt to, A_B


MEbrk{o
A B {|oyyswq
vx|xz @
Vzs~oz @
Uxw|zxuuoz
Ux}w|ozGfsvoz + I Nqwpvht

A B I ^loht

+akhp uhnhfvlpj vkh 4 4 qwvrwv oqgh dpg li @mfru lu wuhg; vkh qwvrwv od{ pqv qrhtdvh pqtodnn{ ehfdwuh qi thurqpuh vloh qi vkh
fqpvdfv= ^khthiqth; lp vklu fduh eh uwth vq wuh vkh uqnlg uvdvh qwvrwv=
+akhp lv lu lp iwpfvlqp uhvvlpj oqgh; pq hzvhtpdn lprwv uljpdn ylnn eh dffhrvhg dpg vkh qwvrwv ylnn uvd{ lp vkh YQQ uvdvh=
+^khth dth pq qwvrwv oqgh dpg qwvrwv vloh uhvvlpj oqgh7Y_^@; Y_^A8 qi iwpfvlqp uhvvlpj oqgh lp N^Eb<9; N^E]897 N^E<9
oqghnu=

L<@C
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0Urkwqo xp Ux}w|oz yzo{o| ~ku}o
/Urkwqo |ro {o| yzo{o| ~ku}o xp {swquo yzo{o| |,yoAUfNB
5Sqy vq fkdpjh lp vkh ulpjnh rthuhv v{rh I ^q fkdpjh vkh rthuhv xdnwh itqo IOM |x IPHF

I 17<6;39+;4539
Zthuu mh{ vq hpvht lp uvdvh K 17<6;39+;4539
Nkdpjh 4D4 vq 4?4 e{ rthuulpj
qi fkdpjlpj rthuhv xdnwh= mh{ D vlohu; dpg ukliv vkh
^kh rtlqt rthuhv xdnwh lu inlfmhtlpj vq vkh uhfqpg gljlv
lpglfdvhg dpg vkh iltuv gljlv e{ mh{ qpfh=
be
TSFe
4D4 indukhu= 7Z] VPO YX8 be
TSFe

^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d ^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d

9:; 0/ 52 9:; 0/ 52

1;. 1;.

H 17<6;39+;4539
Nkdpjh 4F4 vq 4G4 e{ J 17<6;39+;4539
^kh fkdpjh vq vkh rthuhv xdnwh
rthuulpj mh{ qpfh= lu fqornhvhg=
^q thvwtp vq \_X oqgh; rthuu
52 mh{= 7Z] VPO YQQ8

be be

TSFe TSFe

^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d ^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d

9:; 0/ 52 9:; 0/ 52

1;. 1;.

/Urkwqo |ro yzo{o| ~ku}o xp nx}luo yzo{o| |,yoAUfNEJbB


5Sqy vq fkdpjh lp vkh gqwenh rthuhv v{rh I ^q fkdpjh vkh gqwenh rthuhv xdnwh pzxv MHH |x IHHH ykhp vkh ulpjnh
rthuhv xdnwh lu JMH dpg vkh gqwenh rthuhv xdnwh lu D??=

I 17<6;39+;4539
Zthuulpj mh{; lv ylnn hpvht K 17<6;39+;4539
^kh ulpjnh rthuhv xdnwh lu pqv
lpvq vkh fkdpjh qi ulpjnh fkdpjhg= Wqxh vq vkh fkdpjh
rthuhv= ^kh rthxlqwu uhvvlpj qi gqwenh rthuhv xdnwh e{
xdnwh ylnn eh glurnd{hg dpg rthuulpj 52 mh{=
be I be I
be J
TSFe
4?4 ylnn inlfmhtu= be J
TSFe
^kh rthxlqwu gqwenh rthuhv
^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d 7Z]@ VPO YX; Z]A VPO YQQ8 ^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d xdnwh 4D??4 lu glurnd{hg dpg
vkh 4?4 ylnn inlfmht=
9:; 0/ 52 9:; 0/ 52
7Z]@ VPO YQQ; Z]A VPO YQQ8
1;.*,8 1;.*,8

H 17<6;39+;4539
Nkdpjh 4D??4 vq 4@???4 ylvk J 17<6;39+;4539
Zthuu 52 mh{ vq fqornhvh vkh
; ; = uhvvlpj dpg thvwtp vq \_X
7^kh fkdpjh ohvkqg lu vkh oqgh=
udoh du ]lpjnh rthuhv v{rh 7Z]@ VPO YQQ; Z]A VPO YX8
be I be I
be J be J
TSFe Nqwpvht8 TSFe

^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d ^aU] agfI agfJ TSFa U`f f_d

9:; 0/ 52 9:; 0/ 52

1;.*,8 1;.*,8

+akhp fkdpjlpj rthuhv xdnwh; li pq mh{ lu vqwfkhg iqt E? uhf=; vkh fqwpvht ylnn thvwtp vq \_X oqgh=
+Livht fkdpjlpj vkh rthuhv xdnwh vq 4?4; lv 9:; mh{ lprwv qt \P]P^ lprwv ul drrnlhg dv \_X oqgh; vkh qwvrwv ylnn eh
odlpvdlphg du YQQ= 7Mwv li uvdvh qi vkh qwvrwv oqgh lu 4^4; ykhp ulpjnh rthuhv xdnwh lu uhv vq 4?4; vkh ulpjnh qwvrwv
ylnn eh odlpvdlphg du YX=8
+akhphxht mh{ lu rthuuhg lp vkh uvdvh qi fkdpjlpj rthuhv xdnwh; vkh inlfmhtlpj gljlv uklivu itqo vkh tljkv vq vkh nhiv=

L<@D
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
0Tk|mr Ux}w|oz p}wm|sxwAUx}w|ozB
/Urkwqo |ro {o||swq ~ku}o xp Tk|mr mx}w|oz ASB
Ux}w|oz

5Tp fduh qi uhvvlpj Mdvfk uhvvlpj xdnwh du 4MH4

I 17<6;39+;4539
Zthuu 0/ mh{ lp \_X oqgh; K 17<6;39+;4539
Wqxh vq vkh uhfqpg rqulvlqp
ATB
lv ylnn hpvht lpvq vkh rtqjtdo e{ rthuulpj mh{ qph vloh= fsvoz
uvdvh qi Mdvfk uhvvlpj xdnwh= ^kh uhfqpg 4?4 ylnn inlfmht=
7ML=] VPO YX glurnd{8
be be
TSFe
Livht hpvhtlpj lpvq vkh uvdvh qi TSFe

^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d


uhvvlpj vkh iltuv 4?4 ylnn inlfmht
^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d
AUB
fovyF
9:; 0/ 52 dpg vkh thodlplpj gljlvu ylnn 9:; 0/ 52
mxw|zxuuoz
1;. eh qp uvhdg{= 1;.

AVB
bx*oz
mxw|zxuuoz
H 17<6;39+;4539
Nkdpjh 4?4 vq 4D4 e{ rthuulpj J 17<6;39+;4539
Zthuulpj 52 mh{ vq fqornhvh
Dvlohu= vkh Mdvfk uhvvlpj ylnn thvwtp
Nqwpvht vq vkh \_X oqgh=
7ML=] VPO YQQ glurnd{8 AWB
be be
TSFe
bkwou
TSFe

agf TSFa U`f f_d


vo|oz
^aU] agf TSFa U`f f_d ^aU]

9:; 0/ 52 9:; 0/ 52

1;. 1;. AXB


fkmrxG
eyoonG
b}u{o
vo|oz

+Mdvfk Nqwpvht iwpfvlqp lu qpn{ lp N^E dpg N^E<AZ=


+akhp hpvhtlpj lpvq Mdvfk uhvvlpj; li pq mh{ lu vqwfkhg iqt E?uhf=; lv ylnn thvwtp vq Nqwpvht qrhtdvlqp oqgh= AYB
Vs{yuk,
}ws|
/Tk|mr Ux}w|oz p}wm|sxw
Zqyht
AZB
eow{xz
Zthuhv qwvrwv mxw|zxuuoz

Mdvfk \huhv
A[B
HHHHHH bzx+svs|,
{ow{xz
Mdvfk rthuhv xdnwh

? A\B
brx|x
Mdvfk qwvrwv ouom|zsm
{ow{xz

+akhp vkh Mdvfk fqwpvlpj xdnwh thdfkhu vq vkh Mdvfk uhv xdnwh; vkh Mdvfk fqwpv xdnwh lu fqwvlpwqwun{ lpfthduhg
dpg vkh Mdvfk qwvrwv thodlpu lp vkh YX uvdvh wpvln vkh Mdvfk thuhv lu drrnlhg=
A]B
+akhp vkh Mdvfk qwvrwv vwtpu qp dpg li vkh rqyht vwtpu qii dpg vkhp vwtpu qp djdlp; vkh Mdvfk qwvrwv thodlpu lp vkh bzo{{}zo
YX uvdvh wpvln vkh Mdvfk thuhv uljpdn lu drrnlhg= {ow{xz

+akhp vkh Mdvfk fqwpvlpj xdnwh fqwpvu qxht HHHHHH; lv thuhvu vq 4?4; dpg lv fqwpvu wr djdlp=
+9i vkh Mdvfk uhv xdnwh lu 4?7cP\Y84; vkh Mdvfk fqwpvlpj xdnwh fqwpvu wr; ewv qwvrwv thodlpu lp vkh YQQ uvdvh=
+^kh Mdvfk fqwpvlpj xdnwh lu pqv fkdpjhg e{ itqpv 9:; mh{ qt hzvhtpdn thuhv uljpdn= A^B
dx|kz,
+9p vkh N^E<AZ; 4Nqwpv<wr4 thihtu vq thdfvlpj vkh uhfqpg uhv xdnwh= owmxnoz

/do{o| |ro Tk|mr mx}w|swq ~ku}o


A_B
}52: @52 @2>96:.8 ;3 j.@05 xmymz 6? 2D@2>:.88E ?5;>@Z06>0A6@21Y @52 jizkp 0;A:@6:4 B.8A2 C688 /2 >2?2@[ MEbrk{o
{|oyyswq
jA@ @52 j.@05 xmymz 6? 16332>2:@ 12<2:12:@ ;: @52 6:<A@ 8;460 ?2@@6:4[ vx|xz @
g }52: |;8@.42 6:<A@ @E<2VwuwW 6? ?2820@21Y <82.?2 9.72 @2>96:.8 :A9/2>? IH .:1 IL ?5;>@Z06>0A6@21[ Vzs~oz @
Uxw|zxuuoz
i:1 C52: u;ZB;8@.42 6:<A@ @E<2VuwuW 6? ?2820@21Y <82.?2 9.72 @2>96:.8 :A9/2> ;3 II .:1 IL ?5;>@Z06>0A6@21[

/Uromt |ro Tk|mr mx}w|swq ~ku}o


q: ;>12> @; 05207 @52 j.@05 0;A:@6:4 B.8A2 1A>6:4 @52 k;A:@2> ;<2>.@6;:Y <>2?? @52 0/ 72E @; 16?<8.E /;@5 @52 j.@05
0;A:@6:4 B.8A2 .:1 ?2@@6:4 B.8A2[
i3@2> 052076:4 j.@05 0;A:@6:4 B.8A2Y 6@ C688 >2@A>: @; x{u 9;12 /E <>2??6:4 52 72E[
Kz52>2 6? :; 0/ 72E 8;07 3A:0@6;: 3;> j.@05 3A:0@6;:[

L<@E
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0[wy}| xyozk|sxw vxno pxz mx}w|oz
9prwv oqgh Nqwpvlpj fkdtv Xqvlfh
S
TXL V
a a +TXL I Nqwpvlpj lprwv
+TXM I Tpklelv lprwv
TXM S
V 7Vlolv fqwpvlpj lprwv qi TXL8
Xq fqwpvlpj D
Nqwpvlpj
C +akhp TXM fkdpjhu itqo V vq S; wr fqwpv
B
xdnwh A uljpdnu qp TXL ylnn pqv eh dffhrvhg=
@
?
?
7_Z8 Xq fqwpvlpj
S
TXL V
+TXL I Tpklelv lprwv
a a
7Vlolv fqwpvlpj lprwv qi TXM8
S
TXM +TXM I Nqwpvlpj lprwv
V
D +akhp TXL fkdpjhu itqo S vq V; wr fqwpv
C
Nqwpvlpj B
xdnwh A uljpdnu qp TXM ylnn pqv eh dffhrvhg=
@
?
?

S
TXL +TXL I Nqwpvlpj lprwv
V
a a
+TXM I Tpklelv lprwv
TXM S 7Vlolv fqwpvlpj lprwv qi TXL8
V
p Xq fqwpvlpj +akhp TXM fkdpjhu itqo V vq S; gqyp fqwpv
Nqwpvlpj p<@
p<A uljpdnu qp TXL ylnn pqv eh dffhrvhg=
xdnwh p<B
p<C +pKZthuhv xdnwh
p<D
?
Xq fqwpvlpj
7OYaX8
TXL S +TXM I Nqwpvlpj xdnwh lprwv
V
a a +TXL I Tpklelv lprwv
S 7Vlolv fqwpvlpj lprwv qi TXM8
TXM
V +pKZthuhv xdnwh
p
p<@ +akhp TXL fkdpjhu S vq V; gqyp fqwpv
Nqwpvlpj p<A
xdnwh p<B uljpdnu qp TXM ylnn pqv eh dffhrvhg=
p<C
p<D
?

a a
+TXL I Nqwpvlpj lprwv
+TXM I Nqoodpg lprwv iqt _r>Oqyp fqwpvlpj
7_r>Oqyp<L8 +akhp TXM lu V; fqwpv lpfthduhu=
Nqwpvlpj B B akhp TXM lu S; fqwpv ghfthduhu=
Nqoodpg lprwv xdnwh A A A
@ @
?
?

S
TXL V

+TXL I _r fqwpv lprwv


TXM S +TXM I Oqyp fqwpv lprwv
V
7_r>Oqyp<M8 Nqwpvlpj
+akhp TXL dpg TXM dth drrnlhg V vq S dv udoh
B B vloh; vkh fqwpv thodlpu wpfkdpjhg=
9pglxlgwdn lprwv xdnwh A A A
@ @ @
?
?

S
TXL V
bbbb +akhp wulpj L; M rkduh qi hpfqght dpg
TXM S
fqpphfvlpj vq TXL; TXM; Znhduh uhv fqwpvht
7_r>Oqyp<N8 V lprwv oqgh7 8 du rkduh gliihthpfh
Zkduh gliihthpfh Nqwpvlpj B B lprwv7 8=
A A A
lprwv xdnwh @ @
?
?

+ L I Yxht Wlp= uljpdn ylgvk; M I Yxht @>A qi Wlp= uljpdn ylgvk=


Nqwpvlpj oluu e{ qph7~8 lu qffwtthg li vkh uljpdn ylgvk qi L qt M lu nhuu vkdp Wlp= uljpdn ylgvk=
+4S4 dpg 4V4 +Wlp= uljpdn ylgvk e{ fqwpvlpj urhhg
`qnvdjh lprwv Nqpvdfv lprwv Nqwpvlpj urhhg Wlp= uljpdn ylgvk
D??ou TXL Sljk
7ZXZ8 7XZX8 @fru YX YQQ YX YQQ
7TXM8 Vqy
B?fru @E=Fou
S D<B?`ON ]kqtv fltfwlv ^qp ^qii
@mfru ?=Dou
V ?<A`ON Yrhp Dmfru ?=@ou
^

@?mfru ?=?Dou +^qp; ^qii I Wlp= uljpdn ylgvk

L<@F
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
0Syyusmk|sxw xp bzo{mkuo p}wm|sxw
z56? 3A:0@6;: 6? @; ?2@ .:1 6:160.@2 0.80A8.@21 A:6@ 3;> .0@A.8 82:4@5Y 86=A61 92.?A>2Y <;?6@6;:Y 2@0[ ASB
Ux}w|oz
q@ 6? 0.8821 Sw>2?0.82 B.8A2S 3;> 92.?A>21 82:4@5Y 92.?A>21 86=A61Y 92.?A>21 <;?6@6;: <2> ^ <A8?2[
Pz@8Nqwpvlpj fqpvtqn e{ Nqwpvht7N^E8 dpg Vlolv ]ylvfk
g i? /28;C .<<860.@6;:Y C52: @52 0A@@2> ;<2>.@2? ^ @692Y ^] ?522@? ;3 <.<2> .>2 <>;1A021[ q: @56? 0.?2Y
ATB
63 C2 ?2@ ^] .? <>2?0.82 ?2@@6:4 B.8A2 ;3 3A:0@6;: 9;12Y k;A:@2> 6:160.@2? ^]Y _]Y `][[[[[C52:2B2> 8696@ fsvoz
?C6@05 ;<2>.@2? ^?@ @692Y _:1 @692Y `>1 @692[[[[V:; :221 @; ?2@ 12069.8 <;6:@W
PzA8Vhpjvk fqpvtqn e{ Nqwpvht7N^E8 dpg Ppfqght
g q: 0.?2 ;3 0A@@6:4 <.<2> 2.05 `]]99 A?6:4 . b]99 16.92@2>VlW >;882> 0;::20@21 C6@5 m:0;12> ;3 ^]]] AUB
fovyF
<A8?2[ mxw|zxuuoz
5y2@ 12069.8 <;6:@ ` 1646@ .@ 12069.8 ?2@ 9;12 ;3 3A:0@6;: ?2@ 9;12[ y2@ ][^bd ;3 <>2?0.82 B.8A2 .@
<>2?0.82 B.8A2 ?2@ 9;12[
5q3 ?2@ <>2?2@ B.8A2 `]][]]] .@ x{u 9;12Y k;A:@2> C688 0;A:@ 2.05 ][^bd <2> ^ 6:<A@ ?64:.8[ AVB
bx*oz
Vlolv mxw|zxuuoz
uylvfk
Nwvvht
-*Oldohvht qi vkh tqnnht7O8
\qnnht 5Zthufdnh xdnwh K AWB
Zwnuh pwoehtu rht @
Wqvqt bkwou
thxqnwvlqp qi vkh hpfqght vo|oz

B=@C@E * D?
K
@??? AXB
fkmrxG
K ?=@DFoo>rwnuh eyoonG
17<6;3
17<6;3
9+;453
\qvdt{ b}u{o
hpfqght vo|oz
9+;453 9
9

be I
be I be J

5Nqwpvlpj lprwv xdnwh * Zthufdnh xdnwh


be J
TSFe
TSFe ^aU]
agfI
^aU] agfJ
agfI TSFa
agfJ U`f
TSFa f_d
U`f
f_d
9:;
9:; 0/
0/ 52
52

K Olurnd{ xdnwh
1;.*,8
1;.

AYB
N^E Nqwpvht N^E Nqwpvht Wqvqt fqpvtqnnlpj u{uvho @H@@ * ?=@DF K B??=?AF Vs{yuk,
7[wdpvlv{ fqpvtqn8 7Vhpjvk fqpvtqn8 }ws|
Nwvvht fqpvtqn uljpdn

Nqpvtqn eqz
AZB
eow{xz
0Syyusmk|sxw xp Tk|mr Ux}w|oz p}wm|sxw mxw|zxuuoz

,wA@ b<6202? ;3 <>;1A0@ 6: . /;D @52: <.07 @52 /;D2? @;42@52> C52: @52 :A9/2> ;3 /;D2? >2.052? @; _]]<6202?[
5k;A:@2> <>2?2@ B.8A2 g wxmymz B.8A2V?2@@6:4 B.8A2WhSbSY j.@05 ?2@@6:4 B.8A2 h S_]]S A[B
bzx+svs|,
5}52: @52 0;A:@6:4 B.8A2 ;3 k;A:@2> >2.052? @; @52 <>2?2@ B.8A2SbSY @52 0;A:@6:4 B.8A2 ;3 j.@05 k;A:@2> {ow{xz
C688 /2 6:0>2.?21 /E S^S .:1 @52 0;:@>;8 ;A@<A@Vv{zW C688 /2 ;:[ }52: @52 0;:@>;8 /;D >2026B2? @52 0;:@>;8
;A@<A@Vv{zWY 6@ 9;B2? @52 0;:B2E;> ?; @52 :2D@ 29<@E /;D 0.: /2 368821[
A\B
}52: @52 0;A:@6:4 B.8A2 ;3 j.@05 >2.052? @; S_]]SY j.@05 ;A@<A@ C688 /2 vu[ brx|x
z52: @52 0;:@>;8 /;D ?@;<? 0;:B2E;> .:1 <>;B612? . 0;:@>;8 ?64:.8 3;> <.076:4[ ouom|zsm
{ow{xz

A]B
Mdvfk qwvrwv bzo{{}zo
Nqwpvlpj lprwv ]vqr ndor iqt Mdvfk fqwpvlpj {ow{xz

17<6;3
Nqpvtqn qwvrwv
Nqpvtqn uljpdn iqt rdfmlpj
9+;453
9

be I

be J 7Y_^8
A^B
TSFe
^aU]
agfI
agfJ
TSFa
U`f
f_d

dx|kz,
9:;
0/
52
1;.*,8

owmxnoz
N^E Nqwpvht Nqpvtqn eqz Nqpvtqn uljpdn iqt fqpxh{qt
A_B
MEbrk{o
{|oyyswq
Zthuhv xdnwh K D vx|xz @
Vzs~oz @
Uxw|zxuuoz

Beqz Aeqz @eqz


Nwtthpv Mdvfk fqwpvlpj xdnwh K B

L<@G
UfjGUfeGUf eozso{
0a}|y}| xyozk|sxw vxnoAUx}w|ozB Yph<ukqv qwvrwv
Yph<ukqv qwvrwv
]hni kqnglpj Nqlpflghpfh
7Y_^@ qwvrwv8 qwvrwv qwvrwv
7Y_^A qwvrwv8
]hni kqnglpj qwvrwv

Ywvrwv 9prwv oqgh


Yrhtdvlqp
oqgh _r Oqyp _r>Oqyp L; M; N
\P]P^
HHHHHH
+Livht Nqwpvlpj wr; vkh glurnd{
Z\P]P^A
Z\P]P^@ xdnwh lpfthduhu qt ghfthduhu
? wpvln vkh thuhv uljpdn lu drrnlhg;
AXB dpg kqng qwvrwvu ylnn eh khng=
Y_^@
Y_^A
7Y_^8

\P]P^
HHHHHH
Z\P]P^A +Livht fqwpvlpj wr; glurnd{ xdnwh
Z\P]P^@
dpg kqng qwvrwv ylnn eh khng
?
A`B wpvln thuhv uljpdn lu drrnlhg=
Y_^@
Y_^A
7Y_^8

\P]P^ +^kh glurnd{ xdnwh ylnn eh \huhv


HHHHHH ]vdtv dv vkh udoh vloh fqwpvlpj
Z\P]P^A wr=
Z\P]P^@
+^kh kqng qwvrwv qi Y_^@ vwtpu
?
AUB Y_^@
qii divht qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A=
+^kh qph<ukqv qwvrwv qi Y_^@
Y_^A
qrhtdvhu thjdtgnhuu vq Y_^A=
7Y_^8

\P]P^ +Livht qph ukqv ^loh qi Y_^A;


HHHHHH glurnd{ xdnwh ylnn eh \huhv uvdtv
Z\P]P^A fqwpvlpj qrhtdvlqp uvdtvu djdlp=
Z\P]P^@
?
+^kh kqng qwvrwv qi Y_^@ vwtpu
AdB qii divht qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A=
Y_^@
+^kh qph<ukqv qwvrwv qi Y_^@
Y_^A
qrhtdvhu thjdtgnhuu vq Y_^A=
7Y_^8

\P]P^ +Livht fqwpvlpj wr; vkh glurnd{


HHHHHH xdnwh lpfthduhu qt ghfthduhu
Z\P]P^A wpvln vkh thuhv uljpdn lu drrnlhg=
Z\P]P^@
+^kh kqng qwvrwv qi Y_^@ vwtpu
?
A]B qii divht qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A=
Y_^@
+^kh qph<ukqv qwvrwv qi Y_^@
Y_^A
qrhtdvhu thjdtgnhuu vq Y_^A=
7Y_^8
+Livht fqwpvlpj wr; glurnd{ xdnwh lu
\P]P^
khng iqt vkh qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A;
HHHHHH
Nqwpvht qrhtdvlqp uvdtvu djdlp dv vkh
Z\P]P^A
udoh vloh qi Y_^A qwvrwv lu YX
Z\P]P^@
? dpg fqwpv xdnwh ylnn eh \huhv uvdtv=
+^kh kqng qwvrwv qi Y_^@ vwtpu qii
AbB Y_^@
divht qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A=
Y_^A +^kh qph<ukqv qwvrwv qi Y_^@
7Y_^8 qrhtdvhu thjdtgnhuu vq Y_^A=

\P]P^ +Livht fqwpvlpj wr; glurnd{ xdnwh


HHHHHH lpfthduhu qt ghfthduhu iqt vkh
Z\P]P^A
qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A=
Z\P]P^@
? +^kh kqng qwvrwv qi Y_^@ vwtpu
AcB Y_^@
qii divht qph<ukqv vloh qi Y_^A=
+^kh qph<ukqv qwvrwv qi Y_^@
Y_^A
qrhtdvhu thjdtgnhuu vq Y_^A=
7Y_^8

\P]P^ +Livht fqwpvlpj wr; glurnd{ xdnwh


HHHHHH dpg vkh kqng qwvrwv qi Y_^@ lu
Z\P]P^A khng wpvln drrn{lpj vkh thuhv
Z\P]P^@ uljpdn=
? +^kh qph<ukqv qwvrwv qi Y_^@
ASB
Y_^@ qrhtdvhu thjdtgnhuu vq Y_^A=
Y_^A +Y_^A thvwtpu dwvqodvlfdnn{ divht
7Y_^8 qph ukqv vloh=
+^kh qwvrwv qi ulpjnh rthuhv v{rh lu qrhtdvlpj vkh udoh du Y_^A qi gqwenh rthuhv v{rh=

L<@H
_}u|sEX}wm|sxwku Ux}w|ozGfsvoz
]hni<kqnglpj Nqlpflghpfh
qwvrwv qwvrwv
ASB
Ux}w|oz
Ywvrwv oqgh _r>Oqyp < L; M; N Yrhtdvlqp

\P]P^
HHHHHH ATB
fsvoz
Z\P]P^A
+Y_^@ dpg Y_^A mhhru YX uvdvh
Z\P]P^@ lp iqnnqylpj fqpglvlqp J
? Olurnd{ xdnwh Zthuhv @
AeB
<HHHHHH Olurnd{ xdnwh Zthuhv A AUB
fovyF
Y_^@ mxw|zxuuoz
Y_^A
7Y_^8

AVB
\P]P^ bx*oz
HHHHHH mxw|zxuuoz
+Y_^@ mhhru YQQ uvdvh ykhp glurnd{
Z\P]P^A
xdnwh lu uodnnht vkdp Zthuhv @ xdnwh;
Z\P]P^@ ewv li Zthuhv A lu 4?4; Y_^@ mhhru
? AWB
YX uvdvh=
AfB bkwou
<HHHHHH +Y_^A mhhru YX uvdvh ykhp glurnd{ vo|oz
xdnwh lu hswdn qt ndtjht vkdp Zthuhv A=
Y_^@
Y_^A
AXB
7Y_^8 fkmrxG
eyoonG
\P]P^ b}u{o
vo|oz
HHHHHH
+akhp glurnd{ xdnwh lu hswdn vq uhv
Z\P]P^A xdnwh7Zthuhv @; Zthuhv A8 qpn{; Y_^@
Z\P]P^@ qt Y_^A qwvrwv mhhru YX uvdvh= AYB
Vs{yuk,
AVB ? +akhp uhv @mfru iqt fqwpvlpj urhhg; }ws|
<HHHHHH uqnlg uvdvh fqpvdfv qwvrwv ukqwng eh
Y_^@
wuhg=

Y_^A AZB
7Y_^8 eow{xz
mxw|zxuuoz
+^kh qwvrwv qi ulpjnh rthuhv qrhtdvhu qi gqwenh rthuhv v{rh=

0Ux}w|oz xyozk|sxw xp [wnsmk|sxw vxnouAUfNjEON UfNeEON UfNEOM A[B


bzx+svs|,
{ow{xz
59p fduh qi lprwv oqgh lu _r7 8 59p fduh qi lprwv oqgh lu Oqyp7 8

\P]P^ \P]P^ A\B


brx|x
ouom|zsm
TXSTMT^ TXSTMT^ {ow{xz

HHHHHH HHHHHH
A]B
bzo{{}zo
{ow{xz
? ?

<HHHHH A^B
dx|kz,
59p fduh qi vkh lprwv oqgh lu fqoodpg lprwv7 8; Tpglxlgwdn lprwv7 8; owmxnoz

Zkduh gliihthpfh lprwv7 8


A_B
MEbrk{o
{|oyyswq
\P]P^ vx|xz @
Vzs~oz @
Uxw|zxuuoz
TXSTMT^

HHHHHH

<HHHHH

L<A?
.>Ay.>=y.> =FQJFR
[>JMFQ MOEF [.IBNHF OG PQFRFS UBLTF JN >JMFQ
Z:PFQBSJON MOEF JN >JMFQ OPFQBSJON
ORL ceZ[.Q_c[g/ Z>O DIBNHF PQFRFS SJMF JN DBRF OG SIF
OTSPTS JR NOS 176
8/ I[n \eg 8/ I[n \eg
7h[YedZh 7h[YedZh

eb
Q_c[ gWd][ ORL .IBNHF
ceZ[ PQFRFS UBLTF
8/
Rf3Celd ceZ[. / mpd hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d] fg[h[i kWbj[0 _\ de a[n _h iejY^[Z
\eg :4h[Y20 i^[ i_c[g l_bb g[ijgd ie ORL ceZ[2
8/
Z>O DIBNHF PQFRFS SJMF JN DBRF OG SIF
EjdYi_ed h[ii_d] ceZ[.Q_c[g/

Mjifji ceZ[. /
OTSPTS JR 176
8/
Mjifji i_c[. /
8/ SxO11 SxON
eb eb
ORL DIBNHF DIBNHF
pdfji be]_Y. /
ceZ[ PQFRFS PQFRFS
8/ SJMF SJMF
pdfji h_]dWb i_c[. / mpd hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d] fg[h[i kWbj[0 _\ de a[n _h iejY^[Z
8/ \eg :4h[Y20 i^[ i_c[g l_bb g[ijgd ie ORL ceZ[2

JeYa a[n. / Z.IBNHF OG -BSDI PQFRFS UBLTF


8/
Bejdi[g3Q_c[g. / `_
ORL .IBNHF OG CBSDI eb
8/
ceZ[ PQFRFS UBLTF

mNg[hh_d] eb \eg ek[g 7h[Y20 _i l_bb [di[g _die Q_c[g mp\ fg[hh `_ a[n Wi ORL ceZ[0 _i l_bb cek[ ie i^[ hiWi[
\jdYi_ed h[ii_d] ceZ[ e\ XWiY^ fg[h[i kWbj[ Y^Wd][h2 @\i[g Y^Wd][ i^[ XWiY^
mNg[hh_d] eb \eg ek[g 7h[Y20_i l_bb g[ijgd ie Q_c[g ORL fg[h[i kWbj[ hWc[ Wh i^[ c[i^eZ e\ Bejdi[g fg[h[i
ceZ[2 kWbj[ Y^Wd][h Xn 0 0 a[nh0 _i l_bb cek[ ie ORL
mT^[d jh_d] i^_h jd_i Wh W Q_c[g0 fb[Wh[ Y^Wd][ ie
ceZ[ Xn fg[hh_d] eb a[n2
Q_c[g. / _d Bejdi[g3Q_c[g h[ii_d]2
T^[d _i cek[h ie i^[ hiWi[ e\ XWiY^ fg[h[i kWbj[0 i^[
Q^[d fg[hh eb \eg ek[g 7h[Y2 ie cek[ ie Q_c[g ORL
fg[k_ejh XWiY^ Yejdi_d] kWbj[ l_bb X[ Z_hfbWn[Z2
ceZ[ WdZ Y^Wd][ i^[ h[ii_d] kWbj[2
mp\ de a[nh Wg[ iejY^[Z \eg ek[g :4h[Y20_i l_bb g[ijgd ie
Q_c[g ORL ceZ[2

[>JMF QBNHF
5/: C_]_i inf[ Q_c[ gWd][ 6/8 C_]_i inf[ Q_c[ gWd][
EjdYi_ed h[ii_d] ceZ[ EjdYi_ed h[ii_d] ceZ[
Q_c[ gWd][ Q_c[ gWd][
Q_c_d] Z_hfbWn Ng[h[i Z_hfbWn Q_c_d] Z_hfbWn Ng[h[i Z_hfbWn

4245h ie ====2==h 4245h ie ==2==h

425h ie =====2=h 425h ie ===2=h

5h ie ======h 5h ie ====h

4245h ie ==c 9=2==h 5h ie ==c 9=h

425h ie ===c 9=2=h 425c ie ===2=c

425c ie =====2=c 5c ie ====c

5c ie ======c 5c ie ==^ 9=c

5h ie ==^ 9=c 9=h 5^ ie ====^

5c ie ====^ 9=c pKeZ[b > BQ8P16N0 BQ8P

pKeZ[b > BQ:U16N0 BQ:U0 BQ:U1po


BQ:P16N0 BQ:P0 BQ:P1po
BQ:16N0 BQ:0 BQ:1p

@165
8TLSJw1TNDSJONBL .OTNSFQy>JMFQ
[=FSSJNH OG >JMFQ GTNDSJON MOEFR
u eb KFX + ?RF SIF OQ KFX SO .IBNHF SIF RFSSJNHv
u,v
=FSSJNH MOEF 3OV SO RFS .OTNSFQ

pQ^[ i_c[ gWd][ \eg :Z_]_i inf[

u-v
>JMFQ

>JMF QBNHF u.v


>FMPx
u y y v DONSQOLLFQ

pQ^[ i_c[ gWd][ \eg 8Z_]_i inf[


u/v
;OVFQ
DONSQOLLFQ

u0v
?;y/:@9 MOEF pRf > Q_c[ fgeY[[Zh \gec 4.o[ge/ ie i^[ h[i kWbj[ ;BNFL
MFSFQ
u v Celd > Q_c[ fgeY[[Zh \gec i^[ h[i kWbj[ ie 4.o[ge/

:TSPTS MOEF u1v


>BDIOy
u v =PFFEy
;TLRF
MFSFQ

:TSPTS SJMF ppi _h ef[gWi_ed i_c[ e\ Yedigeb ejifji


u v WYYegZ_d] ie ejifji ceZ[2 u2v
/JRPLBX
Rd_i> ch TNJS

ppi _dZ_YWi[h WYYegZ_d] ie _di[gdWb


4NPTS LOHJD
> SebiW][ _dfji > Le1kebiW][ _dfji feh_i_ed0 WdZ _i YWd-i X[ h[i Xn
u v , a[n2 u3v
=FNROQ
DONSQOLLFQ
pBQP h[g_[h > K_d2 [mi[gdWb HL@0 HLG0 ODPDQ h_]dWb l_Zi^
4NPTS RJHNBL SJMF
BQ h[g_[h > K_d2 [mi[gdWb HL@0 HLGHAHQ0 ODPDQ0 A@QBG0 ODPDQ
u v Rd_i> ch
h_]dWb l_Zi^ u4v
;QOWJMJSX
RFNROQ
7ODK KFXu7ODKv
u v
u5v
;IOSO
.OTNSFQy>JMFQ p > Bejdi[g FLFDSQJD
RFNROQ
u v > Q_c[g

]AJGO KU KT KO UJG HVOEUKPO TGUUKOI NPFGv OP GYUGSOCM KOQVU TKIOCM XKMM DG CEEGQUGF COF UJG PVUQVU XKMM TUCZ KO UJG :33 TUCUVTx u6v
]5O ECTG PH PVUQVU NPFG KT 367v 59>v 59>zv :31v UJGSG KT OP PVUQVU UKNG TGUUKOI KO UJG HVOEUKPO TGUUKOI NPFGx ;QFRRTQF
RFNROQ
]5O UJG KOFKECUPS UZQGt0>*Bw5v 0>*=w5v 0>*w5uv UJGSG CSG OP PVUQVU NPFGT PS PVUQVU UKNGT KO UJG HVOEUKPO TGUUKOI NPFGx
]0POUSPM PVUQVU PQGSCUGT CT :?>{ KO UJG FPVDMG QSGTGU UZQGt0>*Bw{;v 0>*=w{;v 0>}=w{;v 0>*w{;uv COF :?>z CMXCZT
SGNCKOT KO r:33r TUCUVTx u7v
]AJGO KO UJG HVOEUKPO TGUUKOI NPFGv KH OP LGZ KT UPVEJGF HPS *y TGExv UJG UKNGS XKMM SGUVSO UP <?9 NPFGx <OSBQX
FNDOEFQ

[3OV SO RFS 7ODK KFX u8v


~w;IBRF
/G TVSG UP TGU UJG MPEL NPFG KO PSFGS UP QSPUGEU CICKOTU CEEKFGOUCM PS VOCVUJPSK[GF LGZ PQGSCUKPOx RSFPPJNH
MOSOQ t
/QJUFQ t
.JMBI MEE/ > BWdY[bbWi_ed e\ i^[ beYa ceZ[ .ONSQOLLFQ

.JMBI JDSDJ 5/ > JeYa hij a[n

.JMBI JDSDJ 6/ > JeYa , , a[n

.JMBI JDSDJ 7/ > JeYa hij , , , a[n

@166
.>Ay.>=y.> =FQJFR
[.IBNHF OG SIF RFSSJNH SJMF OG >JMFQ
Z.IBNHF OG SIF RFSSJNH SJMF JN 176 OTSPTS MOEFu.>*=v
> B^Wd][ i2eEE i_c[ \gec 74h[Y2 ie 94h[Y20 i2ed h[ii_d] \gec 84h[Y2 ie 64h[Y2
.Mjifji ceZ[>EJI0 Q_c[ gWd][>ig16/

d agkfjch]jdech
Ng[hh_d] a[n g agkfjch]jdech
B^Wd][ +7+ ie c agkfjch]jdech Ng[hh_d] eb a[n
ie [di[g _die i^[ +9+ Xn fg[hh_d] ie Yecfb[i[
hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d] il_Y[2 i2eEE i_c[ i^[d
fg[h[i i_c[2 [di[g _die i^[
;= P^_\i i^[ \b_Ya[g_d] ;= ;= hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d]
7:.6 :?> .9> >8< Z_]_i ie +7+ feh_i_ed 7:.6 :?> .9> >8< 7:.6 :?> .9> >8< i2ed i_c[2
hij eb Xn fg[hh_d] a[n hij eb hij eb
aj^i il_Y[2 aj^i aj^i

e agkfjch]jdech Ng[hh_d] a[n f agkfjch]jdech


Ng[hh_d] h agkfjch]jdech
Ng[hh_d] eb a[n
il_Y[ ie cek[ ie a[n il_Y[ ie Yecfb[i[ i^[
i^[ +8+ feh_i_ed2 ie Y^Wd][ h[ii_d] i_c[ i^[d
+8+ ie +6+2 g[ijgd ie ORL
;= ;= ;= ceZ[2
7:.6 :?> .9> >8< 7:.6 :?> .9> >8< 7:.6 :?> .9> >8< .NP JDC MEE/
hij eb hij eb hij eb
aj^i aj^i aj^i

Z.IBNHF OG SIF PQFRFS SJMF VIFN OTSPTS MOEF JR NOS 176u.>*=v


> B^Wd][ i_c[ \gec 5924h[Y2 ie 6424h[Y2.Mjifji ceZ[ > MLC0 Q_c[ gWd][ > ig16/

d agkfjch]jdech
Ng[hh_d] a[n g agkfjch]jdech Ng[hh_d] c agkfjch]jdech Ng[hh_d] a[n
ie [di[g _die i^[ a[n 9i_c[h edY[ ie cek[
hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d] ie Y^Wd][ ie +5+ feh_i_ed2
fg[h[i i_c[2 +9+ ie +4+2
;= Ng[hh_d] a[n ;= ;=

7:.6 :?> .9> >8< edY[ ie cek[ ie 7:.6 :?> .9> >8< 7:.6 :?> .9> >8<

hij eb i^[ +9+ feh_i_ed2 hij eb hij eb


aj^i aj^i aj^i

e agkfjch]jdech Ng[hh_d] a[n f agkfjch]jdech Ng[hh_d] eb a[n ie Yecfb[i[ i^[ Y^Wd][


edY[ ie Y^Wd][ e\ fg[h[i i_c[ i^[d g[ijgd ie ORL ceZ[
+5+ ie +6+2 e\ Q_c[g2.NP JDC MEE/

;= ;=

7:.6 :?> .9> >8< 7:.6 :?> .9> >8<

hij eb hij eb
aj^i aj^i

pT^[d [di[g_d] _die i^[ hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d] fg[h[i i_c[0 i^[ i_c[ l_bb fge]g[hh Yedi_dejhbn2
pT^[d Y^Wd]_d] fg[h[i kWbj[0 _\ de a[n _h iejY^[Z \eg :4h[Y20 i^[ i_c[g l_bb g[ijgd ie ORL ceZ[2
pT^[d[k[g a[n _h fg[hh[Z _d i^[ hiWi[ e\ Y^Wd]_d] fg[h[i kWbj[0 i^[ \b_Ya[g_d] Z_]_i h^_\ih \gec i^[ g_]^i ie i^[ b[\i2

@167
8TLSJw1TNDSJONBL .OTNSFQy>JMFQ
[-BSDI .OTNSFQ GTNDSJONu>JMFQv
- AJGO KU SGCEJGT UJG /CUEJ TGUUKOI WCMVG UP EPVOU UJG OVNDGS PH >KNGwVQTv /CUEJ PVUQVU XKMM DG :9x u,v
.OTNSFQ
/VU XJGO UJG PVUQVU NPFG KT r376rv UJG OVNDGS PH >KNGwVQT XKMM DG { UKNGT DGECVTG KU XKMM EPVOU DPUJ >PHHv
COF >PO UKNGwVQTx
^ AJGO UKNG SGCEJGT UJG >PHH TGUUKOI UKNGv /CUEJ EPVOUKOI WCMVG XKMM DG KOESGCTFx
.OF XJGO KU SGCEJGT UJG >PO UKNGv /CUEJ EPVOUKOI WCMVG XKMM DG KOESGCTGFx u-v
>JMFQ
Z3OV SO RFS SIF -BSDI RFSSJNH UBLTF
- /CUEJ TGUUKOI WCMVG KT OPU HPS TGUUKOI UJG UKNGv KU TGUT UJG EPVOUKOI WCMVG MKLG C 0PVOUGSx
AJGO VTKOI KU CT >KNGSv UJG NGUJPF PH /CUEJ TGUUKOI KT UJG TCNG CT /CUEJ TGUUKOI NGUJPF PH 0PVOUGSx u.v
>FMPx
;MGCTG TGG .wz,QCIGx DONSQOLLFQ

Z-BSDI .OTNSFQ GTNDSJON


Nel[g
u/v
;OVFQ
Ng[h[i ejifji DONSQOLLFQ

AWiY^ O[h[i
u0v
====== ;BNFL
MFSFQ
AWiY^ h[ii_d] kWbj[

4 u1v
>BDIOy
=PFFEy
AWiY^ ejifji ;TLRF
MFSFQ
pT^[d i^[ XWiY^ Yejdi_d] kWbj[ g[WY^[h i^[ XWiY^ h[i kWbj[0 i^[ XWiY^ g[h[i h_]dWb _h Wffb_[Z WdZ i^[ XWiY^
ejifji g[ijgdh ie i^[ MEE hiWi[2 u2v
pT^[d i^[ XWiY^ ejifji ijgdh ed WdZ _\ i^[ fel[g ijgdh e\\ WdZ i^[d ijgdh ed W]W_d0 i^[ XWiY^ ejifji /JRPLBX
TNJS
g[cW_dh _d i^[ ML hiWi[ jdi_b i^[ XWiY^ g[h[i h_]dWb _h Wffb_[Z2
pT^[d i^[ XWiY^ Yejdi_d] kWbj[ Yejdih ek[g ======0 _i g[h[ih ie 4.VDOM/0 WdZ _i Yejdih jf W]W_d2
pp\ XWiY^ h[i kWbj[ _h 4.VDOM/0 i^[ XWiY^ Yejdi_d] kWbj[ Yejdih jf0 Xji i^[ XWiY^ ejifji g[cW_dh MEE hiWi[2 u3v
=FNROQ
pQ^[ XWiY^ Yejdi_d] kWbj[ _h dei Y^Wd][Z Xn \gedi hij a[n eg [mi[gdWb g[h[i h_]dWb2 DONSQOLLFQ

Z<FRFS SIF -BSDI DOTNSJNH UBLTF


AJGO UJG UGSNKOCM PH /CUEJ <2=2> KT GYUGSOCMMZ TJPSUwEKSEVKUGFv UJG /.>04 EPVOUKOI WCMVG XKMM DG SGTGUx u4v
/VU UJG /CUEJ <2=2> KT FKHHGSGOU FGQGOFGOU PO UJG KOQVU MPIKE TGUUKOIx ;QOWJMJSX
RFNROQ
- AJGO @PMUCIG KOQVU UZQGt;9;u KT TGMGEUGFv QMGCTG NCLG UGSNKOCM OVNDGST {z COF {} TJPSUwEKSEVKUGFx
.OF XJGO 9PwWPMUCIG KOQVU UZQGt9;9u KT TGMGEUGFv QMGCTG NCLG UGSNKOCM OVNDGS PH {{ COF {} TJPSUw
EKSEVKUGFx u5v
;IOSO
FLFDSQJD
Z.IFDK SIF -BSDI DOTNSJNH UBLTF RFNROQ
5O PSFGS UP EJGEL UJG /CUEJ EPVOUKOI WCMVG FVSKOI UJG >KNGS PQGSCUKPOv QSGTT UJG `_ LGZ UP FKTQMCZ DPUJ UJG
/CUEJ EPVOUKOI WCMVG COF TGUUKOI WCMVGx .HUGS EJGELKOI /CUEJ EPVOUKOI WCMVGv KU XKMM SGUVSO UP <?9 NPFG DZ
u6v
QSGTTKOI eb LGZx ;QFRRTQF
RFNROQ
]>JGSG KT OP `_ LGZ MPEL HVOEUKPO HPS /CUEJ HVOEUKPOx
Z,PPLJDBSJON OG -BSDI DOTNSFQ
- 3KMM NKML KOUP UJG DPUUMG HPS |yTGExt=GUUKOI UKNGuv UJGO XJGO ~yy DPUUMGT CSG EPNQMGUGFv UVSO /CUEJ EPVOUKOI u7v
<OSBQX
HKOKTJ MCNQ POx t=GUUKOI UKNG - |yTGExv /CUEJ TGUUKOI WCMVG - ~yyu FNDOEFQ

AWiY^ ejifji NgeZjYi_k_in > 944f_[Y[h


agkfjc
h]jdec
h
JWcf ed l^[d Yecfb[i[ u8v
@Z`jhi_d] kWbk[ Bedigeb ejifji ~w;IBRF
RSFPPJNH
;=
-,x=

.Mf[d kWbk[ \eg


7:.6
:?>
-,x:

MOSOQ t
.9>
>8<
hij
`_

AWiY^ Yejdi_d] \_d_h^ bWcf


eb
aj^

/QJUFQ t
74h[Y2/ .ONSQOLLFQ
BQ: Q_c[g

@Z`jhi_d] kWbk[ Yedigeb Bedigeb Xem

Aeiib[ Z[i[Yi_d] h[dheg

@168
.>Ay.>=y.> =FQJFR
[:TSPTS OPFQBSJON MOEFu>JMFQv
Md[1h^ei ejifji P[b\1^ebZ_d]
.i?Md[1h^ei ejifji i_c[/ ejifji

Mjifji
Q_c[ Y^Wgi Mf[gWi_ed
ceZ[
PHFL@J ML CDJ@U.NMTDO ODPDQ/ 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@
h_]dWb ijgdh ed2
NMTDO T^[d HL@ h_]dWb ijgdh
e\\0 i_c[ g[h[ih2
HL@ 6/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g
ijgdh ed WdZ l^[d g[h[i
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ ijgdh e\\ Zjg_d] HL@
h_]dWb ed2
ODPDQ 7/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h
i
u:9/v Wh ^ebZ eg ed[1h^ei i_c[2
MRQ6.MRQ/
P[ii_d] i_c[ NMTDO
Rf
C_hfbWn 4 HL@
Q
P[ii_d] i_c[
MRQ6
Celd
4 .MRQ/ Q?Ng[h[i i_c[

PHFL@J ML CDJ@U 5.NMTDO ODPDQ/ 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@


h_]dWb ijgdh ed0 _\ HL@
h_]dWb _h Wffb_[Z
NMTDO g[f[Wi[Zbn0 edbn _d_i_Wb
h_]dWb _h g[Ye]d_o[Z2
HL@
6/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ ijgdh ed WdZ l^[d g[h[i
ijgdh e\\ Zjg_d] HL@
ODPDQ h_]dWb ed2
i i i
7/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h
u:9/x{v MRQ6.MRQ/ Wh ^ebZ eg ed[1h^ei i_c[2
P[ii_d] i_c[
NMTDO
Rf
C_hfbWn
4 HL@
Q
P[ii_d] i_c[
Celd MRQ6
4 .MRQ/ Q?Ng[h[i i_c[

NMTDO ML CDJ@U.NMTDO GMJC/ 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g


ijgdh ed2 .Q^[g[ _h de
HL@ \jdYi_ed/
NMTDO 6/Q_c[ g[h[ih l^[d g[h[i
ijgdh ed2 Q_c[ hiWgih
HL@
l^[d g[h[i ijgdh e\\2
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ 7/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h
Wh ^ebZ ejifji eg ed[1
ODPDQ h^ei ejifji2
i i W i1W
8/pi c[ceg_o[h Z_hfbWn kWbj[
u:9/x|v
MRQ6.MRQ/ l^[d fel[g ijgdh e\\2
P[ii_d] i_c[ GMJC
Rf NMTDO
C_hfbWn
4 Q
.P[ii_d]
P[ii_d] i_c[ i_c[/
Celd MRQ6
4 .MRQ/

pNMTDO ODPDQ > Q^[g[ _h de c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .Q_c[g g[h[ih ie _d_i_Wb kWbj[/
pNMTDO GMJC > Q^[g[ _h c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .pi c[ceg_o[h i^[ _dZ_YWi_d] kWbj[ l^[d fel[g _h Yji e\\ WdZ Z_hfbWnh
i^[ hWc[ kWbj[ l^[d fel[g g[ijgdh/

@169
8TLSJw1TNDSJONBL .OTNSFQy>JMFQ
[:TSPTS OPFQBSJON MOEFu>JMFQv
Md[1h^ei ejifji P[b\1^ebZ_d]
.i?Md[1h^ei ejifji i_c[/ ejifji u,v
.OTNSFQ

Mjifji
Q_c[ Y^Wgi Mf[gWi_ed
ceZ[
EJHBIDO.NMTDO ODPDQ/ 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@ h_]dWb u-v
>JMFQ
ijgdh ed2 H\ HL@ h_]dWb _h
NMTDO Wffb_[Z g[f[Wi[Zbn0 edbn
_d_i_Wb h_]dWb _h g[Ye]d_o[Z2
HL@ 6/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g ijgdh
u.v
ed WdZ l^[d g[h[i ijgdh e\\ >FMPx
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ Zjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb ed2 DONSQOLLFQ
ODPDQ 7/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h Wh
Qe\\ QedQW QX Qed Qe\\ Qed Qe\\ Qed Qe\\ ^ebZ ejifji0 ejifji ijgdh e\\
\eg i^[ Qe\\ i_c[ WdZ ijgdh ed
MRQ6.MRQ/ \eg i^[ Qed i_c[ g[f[Wi[Zbn2 u/v
8/Q^[ Qed i_c[ WdZ i^[ Qe\\ ;OVFQ
u176v Qe\\ h[ii_d] i_c[ DONSQOLLFQ
i_c[ cjhi X[ h[i _dZ_k_ZjWbbn2
Qed h[ii_d] i_c[ 9/Hd YWh[ e\ jh_d] i^[ YediWYi
Rf 4 ejifji0 c_d2 h[ii_d] i_c[
C_hfbWn cjhi X[ h[i ek[g 544ch2 u0v
Celd ;BNFL
NMTDO MFSFQ
Qe\\ h[ii_d] i_c[ HL@
Qed h[ii_d] i_c[ Qe\\ Qed Qe\\
4 MRQ6 u1v
.MRQ/ >BDIOy
=PFFEy
EJHBIDO 5.NMTDO ODPDQ/ ;TLRF
5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@ h_]dWb MFSFQ
3OLE OTSPTS ijgdh ed2 H\ HL@ h_]dWb _h
Wffb_[Z0 g[f[Wi[Zbn edbn
NMTDO _d_i_Wb h_]dWb _h g[Ye]d_o[Z2 u2v
/JRPLBX
6/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g TNJS
HL@ ijgdh ed WdZ l^[d g[h[i
ijgdh e\\ Zjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ ed2
7/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h Wh u3v
ODPDQ ^ebZ ejifji2 Hd YWh[ e\ =FNROQ
jh_d] i^[ YediWYi ejifji0 DONSQOLLFQ
MRQ6.MRQ/ c_d2 h[ii_d] i_c[ cjhi X[
h[i ek[g 544ch2
P[ii_d] i_c[
u4v
NMTDO ;QOWJMJSX
Rf 4 HL@ RFNROQ
Q Q Q
P[ii_d] i_c[
MRQ6
C_hfbWn .MRQ/
Celd 4 Q>P[ii_d] i_c[
u5v
;IOSO
FLFDSQJD
u176x{v :NFwRIOS OTSPTS 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@ h_]dWb RFNROQ
ijgdh ed0 _\ HL@ h_]dWb _h
NMTDO Wffb_[Z g[f[Wi[Zbn0 edbn
_d_i_Wb h_]dWb _h Wffb_[Z2 u6v
HL@ 6/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g ;QFRRTQF
ijgdh ed WdZ l^[d g[h[i RFNROQ
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ ijgdh e\\ Zjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb
ed2
ODPDQ 7/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h Wh
i i i ed[1h^ei2 Hd YWh[ e\ jh_d] u7v
<OSBQX
MRQ6.MRQ/ i^[ YediWYi ejifji0 c_d2 FNDOEFQ
h[ii_d] i_c[ cjhi X[ h[i
P[ii_d] i_c[ ek[g 544ch2
u8v
~w;IBRF
Rf 4 NMTDO RSFPPJNH
HL@ MOSOQ t
P[ii_d] i_c[ Q Q Q /QJUFQ t
MRQ6 .ONSQOLLFQ
C_hfbWn .MRQ/
Celd 4 Q>P[ii_d] i_c[

pNMTDO ODPDQ > Q^[g[ _h de c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .Q_c[g g[h[ih ie _d_i_Wb kWbj[/
pNMTDO GMJC > Q^[g[ _h c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .pi c[ceg_o[h i^[ _dZ_YWi_d] kWbj[ l^[d fel[g _h Yji e\\ WdZ Z_hfbWnh
i^[ hWc[ kWbj[ l^[d fel[g g[ijgdh/

@16:
.>Ay.>=y.> =FQJFR
[:TSPTS OPFQBSJON MOEFu>JMFQv
Md[1h^ei ejifji P[b\1^ebZ_d]
.i?Md[1h^ei ejifji i_c[/ ejifji

Mjifji
Q_c[ Y^Wgi Mf[gWi_ed
ceZ[
EJHBIDO 6.NMTDO GMJC/ 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@ h_]dWb
ijgdh ML2 H\ HL@ h_]dWb _h
3OLE OTSPTS Wffb_[Z g[f[Wi[Zbn0 edbn
NMTDO _d_i_Wb h_]dWb _h g[Ye]d_o[Z2
6/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h Wh
HL@ ^ebZ ejifji l^[d g[WY^[h ie
i^[ h[i i_c[2
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ 7/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g ijgdh
ML WdZ l^[d g[h[i ijgdh
ODPDQ MEE Zjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb ed2
8/pd YWh[ e\ jh_d] i^[ YediWYi
MRQ6.MRQ/ ejifji0 c_d2 h[ii_d] i_c[
cjhi X[ h[i ek[g 544ch2
P[ii_d] i_c[
NMTDO
Rf 4 HL@
Q Q1Y Y Q
P[ii_d] i_c[
MRQ6
C_hfbWn .MRQ/
Celd 4 GebZ

Q>P[ii_d] i_c[
pDDNOMK>54 n[Wgh
u176x|v
:NFwRIOS OTSPTS 5/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@ h_]dWb
ijgdh ML2 H\ HL@ h_]dWb _h
NMTDO Wffb_[Z g[f[Wi[Zbn0 edbn
_d_i_Wb h_]dWb _h g[Ye]d_o[Z2
HL@ 6/Bedigeb ejifji ef[gWi[h Wh
ed[1h^ei ejifji l^[d
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ g[WY^[h ie i^[ h[i i_c[2
7/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g ijgdh
ODPDQ ML WdZ l^[d g[h[i ijgdh
i i W i1W i
MEE Zjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb ed2
MRQ6.MRQ/ 8/pd YWh[ e\ jh_d] i^[ YediWYi
ejifji0 c_d2 h[ii_d] i_c[
P[ii_d] i_c[
cjhi X[ h[i ek[g 544ch2
Rf 4 NMTDO
HL@
P[ii_d] i_c[ Q Q1Y Y Q
C_hfbWn MRQ6
Celd 4 .MRQ/ GebZ
pDDNOMK>54 n[Wgh Q>P[ii_d] i_c[

pLQDOS@J.NMTDO ODPDQ 3 PHFL@J ODPDQ/ 5/Cjg_d] HL@ _h ML0 i_c[ hiWgih


WdZ Yedigeb ejifji ijgdh ed2
T^[d i_c[ g[WY^[h ie h[i
NMTDO kWbj[0 Z_hfbWn kWbj[ WdZ
Yedigeb ejifji l_bb X[ g[h[i
HL@ WjiecWi_YWbbn2
6/T^[d HL@ _h MEE0 i_c[ g[h[ih2
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ 7/Cjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb ed
Nel[g MEE>NgeY[hh_d] i_c[
ODPDQ WdZ Yedigeb ejifji O[h[i
Nel[g ML>Q_c[ O[h[i
u49>v MRQ6.MRQ/ O[h[i ML>NgeY[hh_d] i_c[
P[ii_d] i_c[ WdZ Yedigeb ejifji O[h[i
Oh[i MEE>Q_c[ O[h[i
4 NMTDO
Rf
HL@
P[ii_d] i_c[
Q Q
C_hfbWn MRQ6
Celd 4 .MRQ/ Q>P[ii_d] i_c[

pNMTDO ODPDQ > Q^[g[ _h de c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .Q_c[g g[h[ih ie _d_i_Wb kWbj[/
pNMTDO GMJC > Q^[g[ _h c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .pi c[ceg_o[h i^[ _dZ_YWi_d] kWbj[ l^[d fel[g _h Yji e\\ WdZ Z_hfbWnh
i^[ hWc[ kWbj[ l^[d fel[g g[ijgdh/

@16;
8TLSJw1TNDSJONBL .OTNSFQy>JMFQ
[:TSPTS OPFQBSJON MOEFu>JMFQv
Md[1h^ei ejifji P[b\1^ebZ_d]
.i?Md[1h^ei ejifji i_c[/ ejifji u,v
.OTNSFQ

Mjifji Mf[gWi_ed
Q_c[ Y^Wgi
ceZ[
pLQDOS@J 5.NMTDO ODPDQ/ 5/Bedigeb ejifji ijgdh ML WdZ u-v
>JMFQ
i_c[ hiWgih l^[d HL@ h_]dWb
ijgdh ML2
NMTDO 6/p\ HL@ h_]dWb _h Wffb_[Z
g[f[Wi[Zbn0 edbn _d_i_Wb h_]dWb
HL@ u.v
_h g[Ye]d_o[Z2 >FMPx
7/T^[d g[WY^[h ie h[i kWbj[0 DONSQOLLFQ
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ Z_hfbWn kWbj[ WdZ Yedigeb
ejifji Wg[ g[h[i WjiecWi_YWbbn2
ODPDQ 8/Q_c[ hiWgih l^[d fel[g ijgdh
ML WdZ l^[d g[h[i ijgdh MEE u/v
u49>x{v MRQ6.MRQ/ Zjg_d] HL@ h_]dWb ed2 ;OVFQ
DONSQOLLFQ
9/Q_c[ fgeY[hh[h degcWbbn
P[ii_d] i_c[
l^_b[ HL@ h_]dWb a[[fh ML
hiWijh2
4
Rf NMTDO u0v
;BNFL
P[ii_d] i_c[ HL@ MFSFQ
Q
C_hfbWn MRQ6
Celd 4 .MRQ/
Q>P[ii_d] i_c[ u1v
>BDIOy
PHFL@J MEE CDJ@U.NMTDO ODPDQ/ =PFFEy
;TLRF
MFSFQ
5/p\ HL@ _h ML0 Yedigeb ejifji
NMTDO g[cW_dh ML2
6/T^[d HL@ h_]dWb _h MEE0 u2v
HL@ i_c[ fgeY[hh[h2 /JRPLBX
7/T^[d i_c[ g[WY^[h ie h[i TNJS
HLG.HLGHAHQ/ kWbj[0 Z_hfbWn kWbj[ WdZ
Yedigeb ejifji l_bb X[ g[h[i
ODPDQ
WjiecWi_YWbbn2
u:1/v u3v
MRQ6.MRQ/ =FNROQ
NMTDO DONSQOLLFQ
P[ii_d] i_c[
HL@
Q
Rf 4 MRQ6 u4v
.MRQ/ ;QOWJMJSX
P[ii_d] i_c[ Q>P[ii_d] i_c[ RFNROQ
C_hfbWn
Celd 4
u5v
pNMTDO ODPDQ > Q^[g[ _h de c[cegn g[i[di_ed2 .Q_c[g g[h[ih ie _d_i_Wb kWbj[/ ;IOSO
FLFDSQJD
RFNROQ

[>JMFQ OPFQBSJON OG 4NEJDBSJON MOEFLu.>*wa` .>*=wav u6v


;QFRRTQF
RFNROQ

NMTDO
u7v
<OSBQX
HLGHAHQ FNDOEFQ

KWm2 Z_hfbWn
kWbj[ \eg i_c[ u8v
RN ~w;IBRF
RSFPPJNH
MOSOQ t
CHPNJ@U 4 /QJUFQ t
.ONSQOLLFQ
CMTL KWm2 Z_hfbWn
kWbj[ \eg i_c[

@16<
.>Ay.>=y.> =FQJFR
[;QOPFQ TRBHF
qQjgd_d] fel[g ML3MEE
ML
Nel[g
MEE
544ch ;44ch
Q^[ jdhiWXb[ i_c[ W]W_dhi
i^[ _dfji h_]dWb

m;PXGS WPMUCIG SKTGT HPS zyyNT CHUGS QPXGS PO COF HCMMT HPS +yyNT CHUGS QPXGS PHHx
>JGSGHPSG FP OPU CQQMZ COZ KOQVU TKIOCM FVSKOI UJGTG UKNGTx
mAJGO CQQMZKOI UJG QPXGS KOUP 0> TGSKGTv QMGCTG CQQMZ UJG QPXGS RVKELMZ DZ VTKOI =XKUEJ PS <GMCZx

qpdfji h_]dWb b_d[


m?TG CT TJPSU C ECDMG HSPN UJG TGOTPS UP UJKT VOKU CT QPTTKDMGx
m?TG TJKGMFGF ECDMG HPS MPOI KOQVU MKOGx
m6GGQ KOQVU ECDMGT TGQCSCUG HSPN QPXGS ECDMGTx

qpdfji be]_Y h[b[Yi_ed


AJGO TGMGEUKOI PS EJCOIKOI UJG KOQVU MPIKEv UJG QPXGS TPVSEG NVTU DG EVU PHHx
>JGO TGMGEU UJG KOQVU MPIKE CEEPSFKOI UP UJG NGUJPF PH EJCOIKOI KOQVU MPIKEx

qBediWYi Yejdi_d] _dfji


5H CQQMZKOI EPOUCEU KOQVU CU JKIJ TQGGF NPFGtzLv~LvzyLuv KU NCZ NKTEPVOU DZ EJCUUGSKOIx
>JGSGHPSGv TGU MPX TQGGF NPFGx tz PS |yEQTu

qT^[d i[hi_d] Z_[b[Yig_Y kebiW][ WdZ _dhjbWi_ed g[h_hiWdY[ e\ i^[ Yedigeb fWd[b l_i^ i^_h jd_i _dhiWbb[Z2
m;MGCTG KTPMCUG UJKT VOKU HSPN UJG EKSEVKU PH EPOUSPM QCOGMx

qCe dei jh[ i^_h jd_i _d i^[ \ebbel_d] fbWY[h


m. ;MCEG XJGSG CNDKGOU UGNQGSCUVSG KT PWGS ~~\ PS MGTT UJCO wzy\x
m. ;MCEG XJGSG CNDKGOU JVNKFKUZ KT PWGS ,~s<4 PS XJGSG EPOFGOTCUKPO PEEVST DZ UGNQGSCUVSG EJCOIGTx
m. ;MCEG XJGSG UJGSG KT TGWGSG WKDSCUKPO PS KNQCEUx
m. ;MCEG XJGSG TUSPOI NCIOGUKE HKGMF PS GMGEUSKE OPKTG KT IGOGSCUGFx
m. ;MCEG XJGSG TUSPOI CMLCMKT PS CEKFT CSG VTGFx
m. ;MCEG XJGSG UJGSG CSG FKSGEU SCZT PH UJG TVOx

qRh[ jdZ[g i^[h[ YedZ_i_edh


m5OFPPST
m8CYKNON JGKIJU {yyyN
m;PMMVUKPO 1GISGG {
m5VTUCMMCUKPO ECUGIPSZ 55

Y,COUF DBTSJONR MTRS CF KFPS CFDBTRF MBLGTDSJON OQ GBJLTQF OG TNJS DBN CF ODDTQFEx

@16=

You might also like